Calleguas Creek Watershed Metals and Selenium TMDL Draft Final
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MARCH 29,2006 Calleguas Creek Watershed Metals and Selenium TMDL Draft Final Technical Report Submitted to Los Angeles Regional Water Quality Control Board and the United States Environmental Protection Agency Prepared By Larry Walker Associates on Behalf of the Calleguas Creek Watershed Management Plan This Page Left Blank Intentionally Table of Contents 1 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................................1 1.1 REGULATORY BACKGROUND ......................................................................................................................3 1.2 CALLEGUAS CREEK TMDL STAKEHOLDER PARTICIPATION PROCESS ........................................................5 1.3 ELEMENTS OF A TMDL...............................................................................................................................6 2 PROBLEM STATEMENT .....................................................................................................................7 2.1 ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING .........................................................................................................................7 2.2 WATER QUALITY STANDARDS ..................................................................................................................13 2.3 BENEFICIAL USES......................................................................................................................................14 2.4 WATER QUALITY OBJECTIVES ..................................................................................................................15 2.5 ANTIDEGRADATION...................................................................................................................................16 2.6 BASIS FOR LISTINGS..................................................................................................................................17 2.7 303(D) LISTING DATA ...............................................................................................................................17 3 CURRENT CONDITIONS...................................................................................................................19 3.1 DATA USED IN CURRENT CONDITIONS SECTION – WATER AND TISSUE....................................................19 3.2 CURRENT CONDITIONS DATA BY REACH - WATER COLUMN CONCENTRATIONS ......................................23 3.3 ASSESSMENT OF ZINC IMPAIRMENT ..........................................................................................................35 3.4 SEDIMENT DATA .......................................................................................................................................35 4 NUMERIC TARGETS .........................................................................................................................37 4.1 WATER COLUMN TARGETS .......................................................................................................................40 4.2 FISH TISSUE TARGETS ...............................................................................................................................41 4.3 BIRD EGG TARGETS ..................................................................................................................................42 4.4 SEDIMENT TARGETS..................................................................................................................................43 4.5 ALTERNATIVES CONSIDERED ....................................................................................................................43 5 SOURCE ASSESSMENT – PROCESSES AND CYCLING...............................................................44 5.1 COPPER TRANSPORT AND TRANSFORMATION ...........................................................................................44 5.2 MERCURY TRANSPORT AND TRANSFORMATION .......................................................................................46 5.3 NICKEL TRANSPORT AND TRANSFORMATION............................................................................................52 5.4 SELENIUM TRANSPORT AND TRANSFORMATION .......................................................................................54 6 SOURCE ASSESSMENT – DATA, PATHWAYS, SOURCES ...........................................................60 6.1 ESTIMATED LOADING CONTRIBUTIONS BY LAND USE TYPE .....................................................................60 6.2 PATHWAYS................................................................................................................................................64 6.3 SOURCES (GENERAL) ................................................................................................................................72 6.4 SOURCES - COPPER....................................................................................................................................85 6.5 SOURCES - MERCURY................................................................................................................................93 6.6 SOURCES – NICKEL ...................................................................................................................................99 6.7 SOURCES - SELENIUM..............................................................................................................................102 7 LINKAGE ANALYSIS – COPPER, NICKEL, AND SELENIUM .......................................................110 7.1 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SOURCES, TARGETS, AND ALLOCATIONS - CU, NI, SE ....................................110 7.2 HSPF HYDROLOGIC AND WATER QUALITY MODEL - CU, NI, SE............................................................111 7.3 TRANSLATING REQUISITE DISSOLVED LOADS TO EQUIVALENT TOTAL LOADS - CU, NI .........................114 7.4 POTENTIAL EFFECTS OF SUSPENDED SEDIMENT LOADS INTO MUGU LAGOON .......................................114 7.5 ACHIEVEMENT OF NUMERIC TARGETS IN REACHES ADDRESSED BY ALLOCATION PROCESS ..................119 Calleguas Creek Watershed i March 29, 2006 Final DRAFT Metals and Selenium TMDL 8 LINKAGE ANALYSIS – MERCURY.................................................................................................121 8.1 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SOURCES, TARGETS, AND ALLOCATIONS........................................................121 8.2 HSPF HYDROLOGIC AND WATER QUALITY MODEL ...............................................................................122 8.3 LINKAGES BETWEEN TISSUE, WATER, AND SUSPENDED SEDIMENT........................................................123 8.4 MERCURY METHYLATION AND BIOACCUMULATION...............................................................................129 8.5 ACHIEVEMENT OF NUMERIC TARGETS IN REACHES ADDRESSED BY ALLOCATION PROCESS ..................130 9 TMDL & ALLOCATIONS FOR COPPER, NICKEL, AND SELENIUM.............................................132 9.2 APPROACH - COPPER, NICKEL, AND SELENIUM TMDLS & ALLOCATIONS..............................................134 9.3 CRITICAL CONDITIONS AND SEASONAL VARIATION - COPPER, NICKEL, AND SELENIUM ........................141 9.4 LOADING CAPACITY - COPPER, NICKEL, AND SELENIUM ........................................................................143 9.5 COMPARISON OF CURRENT LOADS AND LOADING CAPACITY FOR COPPER, NICKEL, AND SELENIUM.....146 9.6 ALLOCATIONS - COPPER, NICKEL, AND SELENIUM..................................................................................147 9.7 IMPACTS OF AMBIENT SOURCES - COPPER, NICKEL, AND SELENIUM ......................................................154 10 TMDL & ALLOCATIONS – MERCURY............................................................................................156 10.1 APPROACH - MERCURY TMDL & ALLOCATIONS....................................................................................157 10.2 CRITICAL CONDITIONS & SEASONAL VARIATION - MERCURY ................................................................158 10.3 CURRENT LOADS AND LOADING CAPACITY - MERCURY.........................................................................158 10.4 ALLOCATIONS - MERCURY......................................................................................................................160 10.5 IMPACTS OF LOADING FROM AMBIENT SOURCES - MERCURY.................................................................163 11 MARGIN OF SAFETY ......................................................................................................................165 11.1 UNCERTAINTIES IN THE TMDL ANALYSIS APPLICABLE TO ALL CONSTITUENTS .....................................165 11.2 UNCERTAINTIES IN THE TMDL ANALYSIS SPECIFIC TO COPPER AND NICKEL ........................................166 11.3 UNCERTAINTIES IN THE TMDL ANALYSIS SPECIFIC TO MERCURY AND SELENIUM ................................167 11.4 SELECTION OF MARGIN OF SAFETY.........................................................................................................167 12 FUTURE GROWTH..........................................................................................................................170 12.1 GROWTH MANAGEMENT EFFORTS ..........................................................................................................171 12.2 EFFECTS OF GROWTH ON METALS AND SELENIUM LOADING..................................................................172 13 IMPLEMENTATION PLAN...............................................................................................................173