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New-Dawn-Booklet 2016.Pdf BY MARY BRANSON New Dawn celebrates the many brave women who campaigned for the vote, to whom we are all indebted Thank you CONTENTS Introduction 1 01 Artist-in-Residence to Women’s Suffrage 3 02 Designing New Dawn 11 03 Making New Dawn 25 Acknowledgements 39 1 SUFFRAGE /’s⋀frıdd3/ noun The right to vote in political elections: “universal adult suffrage”, “the women’s suffrage movement” The metal and illuminated glass sculpture draws on concepts and imagery connected with Parliament and the votes for INTRODUCTION women campaign to celebrate the individuals and organisations involved in the New Dawn is a contemporary sculpture by artist fight for voting equality. Mary Branson celebrating the campaign for A significant addition to the women’s suffrage (the right to vote). Commissioned Parliamentary Art Collection, by the Speaker’s Advisory Committee on Works of New Dawn is permanently sited on the main public route through Art in 2015, New Dawn resulted from a six-month the Palace of Westminster and residency in the Houses of Parliament followed by will be seen by the hundreds of thousands of people who visit over a year of design and construction. Parliament each year. ‘This commission will honour the women and men who took part in the suffrage campaign as we approach the one hundredth anniversary of the first women receiving the right to vote.’ Frank Doran, former MP and Chair of the Speaker’s Advisory Committee on Works of Art (2010-15) 3 4 ARTIST-IN-RESIDENCE TO WOMEN’S SUFFRAGE In recent years the Speaker’s Advisory Committee on Works of Art has endeavoured to recognise the unique contribution women have made to political life in the UK by making the representation of women a collecting priority for the Parliamentary Art Collection. As part of this effort, in January 2014 the Committee sought to commission an artist to undertake a residency in the Houses of Parliament that would result in a proposal for a site-specific artwork celebrating the historic votes for women campaign. Following an open call for applications, Mary Branson was appointed Artist- in-Residence to Women’s Suffrage in April 2014. As an installation artist and feminist, Branson’s strong background in site-specific artwork and creative responses to project briefs eminently suited her to the role. 5 6 SUFFRAGIST SUFFRAGETTE e /’s⋀fr de 3Ist/ /’s⋀fr ’d3ℇt/ noun noun A person advocating the extension A person seeking the right to vote of suffrage, especially to women, for women through militant protest by peaceful means 3 1. Votes for women petition from the Mistresses of Dulwich High School, 1884 Parliamentary Archives, Mary Branson on being selected HL/PO/6/11/A Artist-in-Residence to Women’s Suffrage 2. Women’s Social and Political Union Hunger Strike medal awarded to Caroline Lowder Downing, 1912 Parliamentary Art Collection, 2 WOA S748 3. Suffragette banner unfurled from the House of Commons During her six-month residency, Branson archivists and other artists. A recurring Ladies’ Gallery, 28 October 1 immersed herself into records relating to theme in these interviews was the 1908 women’s suffrage in the Parliamentary desire for the fi nal artwork to represent Parliamentary Archives, HC/SA/SJ/3/1 Archives, examined relevant works of the multitude of people involved in art in the Parliamentary Art Collection, achieving the vote, not just a single 4. 6 and visited other organisations with fi gure or organisation. Mary Branson sketching suffrage-related collections. She also in St Stephen’s Hall © UK Parliament explored the Palace of Westminster The importance others attached to the itself, both to identify a suitable location scale and diversity of the campaign 5. for her fi nal artwork and discover the mirrored the artist’s own conclusions Women’s suffrage postcard physical locations associated with the borne out of her archival research. Of published by the Suffrage Atelier, c.1909-14 votes for women campaign. particular signifi cance were the petitions From LSE Library’s collection, presented to Parliament between 1866 TWL.2002.226 Alongside this research, the artist spoke and 1918, the extent of which –16,433 6. to a wide range of people from inside petitions with a total of 3,609,162 National Union of Women’s and outside Parliament with an interest signatures – Branson established for the Suffrage Societies pin badge, 1911 in women’s suffrage, including MPs, fi rst time. Parliamentary Art Collection, 5 Peers, suffrage historians, curators, WOA S745 4 7 8 Mary Branson on being shown around the Victoria Tower and the Original Act Room The spiral staircase, Victoria Tower © Parliamentary Archives 9 10 ‘Every female MP owes a debt to the suffrage campaigners, who did so much to create a modern, truly democratic Parliament.’ Mary Macleod, former MP and Chair of the All-Party Parliamentary Group on Women in Parliament (2010-15) VOTES FOR WOMEN SOME KEY DATES IN PARLIAMENT First mass suffrage First Parliamentary Cat and Representation of Parliament Sex Disqualification Equal petition debate Mouse Act the People Act (Qualification of (Removal) Act Franchise Act John Stuart Mill MP Calling for all female Allowed hunger- The vote given Women) Act Enabled women to Gave women equal presented a petition householders to be striking suffragettes to women over Enabled women to sit enter professions voting rights as signed by 1,500 given the vote, Mill to be released from 30 who met as MPs in the House such as the law and men, i.e. all women women to the House became the first MP prison temporarily to minimum property of Commons. accountancy for the over 21. of Commons marking to speak in favour of recover their health, qualifications. first time. the beginning of women’s suffrage in then be re-arrested organised women’s Parliament. The vote to continue their suffrage campaigning was lost by 196 to 73. sentence. in the UK. 11 12 DESIGNING NEW DAWN Mary Branson’s ideas for the artwork that became New Dawn developed during the course of her residency and were finalised in the months afterwards. Following the successful presentation of her proposal to the Speaker’s Advisory Committee on Works of Art, the commissioning of New Dawn was formally announced on 5 March 2015 at an International Women’s Day event in Parliament. Although the precise form of New Dawn took time to evolve, from early on in her research the artist was drawn to a number of recurring images and themes. These came together in the proposal, leading to the creation of a work of art that is both beautiful and layered with meaning. 13 14 Mary Branson 2 1. ‘Westminster Hall and St Stephen’s Porch’ Illustrated London News, Mary Branson 1853 Charles Barry designed St Stephen’s Porch to connect the medieval Westminster Hall with his new building. Parliamentary Art Collection, WOA 5275 2. LOCATION Architectural elevations of St Stephen’s Porch with spaces for planned Charles Barry’s richly decorated Victorian Branson’s chosen space sits above the paintings of war and peace identified in pink, Gothic building made Branson’s search entrance to St Stephen’s Hall in an area c.1847 for an appropriate site for a new closely associated with women’s suffrage Parliamentary Art Collection, artwork no easy task. However, the campaigning and protests. Originally WOA 5543 artist kept returning to one location destined to contain a wall painting 3. – a large, arched compartment in St representing peace, despite occupying a The arched compartment Stephen’s Porch at the southern end of prominent location on the public route above the entrance to St Stephen’s Hall, 2015 Westminster Hall. through the building the site had remained Grant Wakefield empty since its completion in the 1850s. 1 3 © UK Parliament 15 16 Mary Branson A NEW DAWN FOR EQUAL RIGHTS As the artwork’s name suggests, the fi rst impression that Branson wanted New Dawn to convey was that of the rising sun. This mirrors a common visual and rhetorical image in women’s 1. suffrage campaigns, in which gaining The Anti-Suffrage 2 Ostrich: ‘The sun is not the vote represented a ‘new dawn’ rising’, poster designed for gender equality. By illuminating a by Catharine Courtauld and published by the previously shadowy space, the artist Suffrage Atelier, 1912 intended that New Dawn would bring 3 From LSE Library’s light to the dark just as the fi ght for collection, TWL.2002.249 voting rights for women sought to replace discrimination with equality. 2, 3, 4, 5. Early drawings in Branson’s sketchbook infl uenced by new dawn imagery, 2014 © Mary Branson 1 4 5 17 18 Mary Branson in the Original Act Room, Victoria Tower © Mat Clark 19 20 6 CELEBRATING EVERYONE 1,2. Early ideas for using scrolls in the artist’s To create an inclusive artwork • National Union of Women’s Suffrage sketchbook, 2014 representing the multitude of people Societies (red, white and green) © Mary Branson involved in the campaign, Branson devised New Dawn as a constellation • Women’s Social and Political Union 3, 4, 5, 6. (purple, white and green) Drawings by Branson of back-lit glass ‘scrolls’. Based on the developing the use of rolled Acts of Parliament she found so scrolls and colours for • Women’s Freedom League New Dawn, 2014 captivating in the Original Act Room, (green, white and gold) © Mary Branson the artist designed these scrolls to incorporate the colours used by • Catholic Women’s Suffrage Society 1 3 women’s suffrage organisations. (blue, white and gold) To further link the artwork to its specifi c • Conservative and Unionist Women’s location, Branson decided that the green Franchise Association (pale blue, used by some organisations would be white and gold) provided by the existing wall covering.
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