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Geoscience Bulletin Board – 16 December 2019 – compiled by Elaine J. Hanford

Application of ground anchors as main seismic resisting system for bridges in catastrophic EQs • https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2019-12/uots-bp120919.php

U-Th dating of calcite growth in fault-zone fractures may reveal controls for “healing” by secondary mineralization • https://eos.org/editor-highlights/what-controls-how-quickly-faults-heal

80% of seafloor remains unmapped – initiatives intended toward resolution over the next decade • https://eos.org/articles/momentum-grows-for-mapping-the-seafloor

AGU revises “A Streetcar to Subduction” for the digital age • https://eos.org/agu-news/a-streetcar-for-the-digital-age • https://www.agu.org/learn-and-develop/learn/streetcar2subduction/streetcar2subduction

Satellite measurements of wildfire smoke particulates in the stratosphere • https://eos.org/editor-highlights/satellite-measurements-of-stratospheric-forest-fire-smoke

Planetary geology: geochemical model to explain why Mars is the Red Planet • https://eos.org/editor-highlights/why-is-the-red-planet-red-chlorate-may-oxidize-mars-surface

Possible origin of black carbon on the sea floor – linked to graphite particles from hydrothermal vents • http://www.spacedaily.com/reports/Solving_the_mystery_of_carbon_on_ocean_floor_999.ht ml

Scale of measurement has always mattered in observations – timing for rockfall estimates • https://eos.org/research-spotlights/timing-matters-for-rockfall-estimates

White Island volcanic eruption of the coast of New Zealand causes 5 deaths & others still missing • https://www.npr.org/2019/12/09/786239329/at-least-5-dead-after-volcano-erupts-off-new- zealand-coast

In this era of “global warming alarmists” do Earth scientists need a “safe place” or a “crying booth” • https://eos.org/features/the-emotional-toll-of-climate-change-on-science-professionals

Planetary geology: rocks are exploding from asteroid Bennu • http://www.sci-news.com/space/bennu-active-asteroid-07893.html • https://arstechnica.com/science/2019/12/no-one-knows-why-rocks-are-exploding-from- asteroid-bennu/

Collecting data on the Ridgecrest EQ & aftershocks • https://eos.org/features/scientists-scramble-to-collect-data-after-ridgecrest-earthquakes

UN Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development • https://eos.org/articles/ocean-science-decade-calls-attention-to-a-wave-of-concerns

In the field with paleo-seismologist Dr Kate Sharer • https://www.usgs.gov/news/field-kate-scharer

Meet geologist Verity Normington • https://womensagenda.com.au/latest/never-let-someone-tell-you-what-you-can-do-meet- geologist-stem-superstar-verity-normington/

Kupoupou stilwelli, Paleocene penguin species lived when there was no ice cap at the South Pole • http://www.sci-news.com/paleontology/kupoupou-stilwelli-07890.html

Origolestes lii - Previously unknown Cretaceous symmetrodont mammal lived alongside dinosaurs • http://www.sci-news.com/paleontology/origolestes-lii-07880.html

100 myo dinosaur feathers were infested with insects resembling modern lice • http://www.spacedaily.com/reports/Lice_were_infesting_dinosaur_feathers_100_million_year s_ago_999.html

Athenacrinus broweri – newly discovered 480 myo sea lily • http://www.spacedaily.com/reports/Four_hundred_eighty_million_year_old_fossils_reveal_se a_lilies_ancient_roots_999.html

ESA ClearSpace-1 will remove first space debris – but “smallsats” increase congestion • http://www.spacedaily.com/reports/ESA_commissions_worlds_first_space_debris_removal_9 99.html • https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/IF/IF11382

4T satellite measurements reveal short-term sea-temperature change over 35 years • http://www.terradaily.com/reports/35_year_data_record_charts_sea_temperature_change_9 99.html

Time-lapse of variations in Alaskan glaciers • https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2019/ice-in-motion-satellites-capture-decades-of- change • https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2019/12/191210111713.htm

Amplified Rossby waves in the Jet Stream increase likelihood of heat waves • https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2019/12/191210111713.htm

Glacial meltwater provided crucial lifeline to eukaryotes during age of Snowball Earth • https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2019/12/191202190423.htm

Tropical glaciers in Africa & South America began simultaneous retreat at end of last ice age – processes began 1,000 to 2,000 years BEFORE CO2 increase • https://phys.org/news/2019-12-tropical-glacier-ice-age.html • https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2019-12/aaft-alt120919.php • Paper: https://advances.sciencemag.org/content/5/12/eaaw2610

Sonar reveals submarine crater created by atomic bomb test on Bikini Atoll • https://phys.org/news/2019-12-sonar-crater-underwater-bikini-atoll.html

Volcanic eruptions throughout history from Mount Vesuvius to White Island • https://www.lbcnews.co.uk/world-news/296d80e94cad4fd9bd49005050d1e606/

Bicycle survey of the Great Salt Lake playa • https://phys.org/news/2019-12-surveys-great-salt-lake-playa.html • https://www.sltrib.com/news/environment/2019/12/11/byu-study-blames/ • Report: https://d1bbnjcim4wtri.cloudfront.net/wp- content/uploads/2019/12/10101816/GSL_Dust_Plumes_Final_Report_Complete_Document. pdf

Earth was stressed before the Chicxulub Meteor Impact – fossils show global warming, ocean acidification – no humans involved • https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2019/12/191211145632.htm

Triggering event may not have been needed prior to the Great Oxidation Event • https://www.sciencenews.org/article/earth-might-not-have-needed-major-event-become- oxygen-rich

Gold grades at Kat Gap project in Australia • https://thewest.com.au/business/public-companies/cracking-gold-grades-at-kat-gap-for- classic-c-600688

Polar ice melt will obviously have a global impact • https://public.wmo.int/en/media/news/glacier-melt-and-arctic-change-affects-globe

How to teach geology with Jell-O, chocolate syrup, and Play-Doh • https://www.bowdoin.edu/news/2019/12/geology-class-middle-school-students.html

“Mountain Lake” filmed in movie “Dirty Dancing” is in Virginia (not the Catskills of eastern NY) and has unique life cycle – one of only two natural lakes in the State • https://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/earth/geology/mountain-lake-virginia- draining.htm

The karst topography of Caudill, Kentucky • https://www.winchestersun.com/2019/12/06/caudill-ky-a-unique-place-for-karst-systems/

Deepest point on land is in Antarctica beneath Denman Glacier – canyon is 11,500 ft below sea level • https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-50753113 • https://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-7785343/Scientists-create-map-land- underneath-Antarcticas-ice-sheet.html

New Maine Mineral & Gem Museum • https://www.bostonglobe.com/2019/12/12/lifestyle/maine-mineral-gem-museum-opens-its- pretty-out-this-world/ • https://www.centralmaine.com/2019/12/12/gemstones-lunar-meteorites-showcased-at-new- museum-in-maine/

Deforestation & erosion exacerbate mercury release into local ecosystem from gold mining in Peru • https://www.brightsurf.com/news/article/121219499143/deforestation-erosion-exacerbate- mercury-spikes-near-peruvian-gold-mining.html

1,000-mile long sub-glacial river channel beneath Greenland Ice Sheet • https://www.livescience.com/hidden-subglacial-river-greenland.html

Collapse of tailings dam at Vale Mine in Brazil in January 2019 caused by “excess water” – liquefaction • https://www.insurancejournal.com/news/international/2019/12/13/551134.htm • http://www.digitaljournal.com/news/world/drainage-issues-caused-brazil-mining-dam-tragedy- say-experts/article/563477

USGS seismic hazards map shows increased risk in East Bay & San Jose, California • https://sanfrancisco.cbslocal.com/2019/12/12/usgs-hazard-seismic-map-san-jose-east-bay/ • https://www.usgs.gov/news/usgs-provides-update-national-seismic-hazard-model

Faults in eastern Washington State pose risk of earthquakes • https://crosscut.com/2019/12/big-one-geologists-dig-smaller-fault-lines-predict-washingtons- future-earthquakes

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Environmental Science Bulletin Board – 16 December 2019 – compiled by Elaine J. Hanford

Technological hazard – social media negatively impacts human health • http://www.gazettechicago.com/index/2019/12/uic-lecture-focuses-on-social-media-and- mental-health/ • https://www.usnews.com/news/health-news/articles/2019-12-05/more-teen-time-on-social- media-more-eating-disorders • https://penntoday.upenn.edu/news/do-smartphones-and-social-media-lead-adolescent- suicide • https://www.business2community.com/social-media/detoxifying-social-networking-putting- gen-z-at-the-core-again-02264071 • https://news.camden.rutgers.edu/2019/12/expert-offers-tips-to-help-teens-deal-with-social- media-related-stress-this-holiday-season/ • https://cbsaustin.com/news/local/senate-committee-looking-into-links-between-mass- shootings-in-wednesday-hearing • https://www.msn.com/en-us/health/wellness/how-social-media-has-affected-our-health-in- the-last-10-years/ss-BBXIOMy

The risks of sharing with strangers – Airbnb – Uber - Lyft • https://finance.yahoo.com/news/airbnb-uber-lyft-beware-dark-100504321.html

Use of neonicotinoids caused ecological collapse of Lake Shinji in Japan • https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/2019/11/neonicotinoid-insecticides-cause-fish- declines-japan/

Rewrite of Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement recommended • https://www.wpr.org/report-recommends-rewrite-great-lakes-water-quality-agreement • White Paper: https://www.wpr.org/sites/default/files/ijc-white-paper-interactive.pdf

2M Americans do not have running water or adequate sanitation • https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/its-almost-2020-and-2-million-americans-still-dont- have-running-water-new-report-says/2019/12/10/a0720e8a-14b3-11ea-a659- 7d69641c6ff7_story.html • Report: http://uswateralliance.org/sites/uswateralliance.org/files/Closing%20the%20Water%20Acces s%20Gap%20in%20the%20United%20States_DIGITAL.pdf

“Dirty truth” – humans began accelerating soil erosion 4,000 years ago • https://eos.org/articles/a-dirty-truth-humans-began-accelerating-soil-erosion-4000-years-ago • Paper: https://www.pnas.org/content/116/46/22972

NYC to require “bird-friendly” glass on all new construction to reduce bird deaths from collisions • https://apnews.com/f479b819e70edd1c85c8229d134e7d2e

USEPA reauthorizes use of “cyanide bombs” • https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/us/epa-reauthorizes-use-of-dangerous-cyanide-bombs- that-kill-thousands-of-animals-every-year/ar-BBXQBLM

Biologically younger folks share some common traits • https://www.msn.com/en-us/health/wellness/biologically-younger-people-who-defy-their-real- age-often-have-5-things-in-common/ar-BBXRUdG

New early-warning app predicts risk of water-related conflict • http://news.trust.org/item/20191205043045-h55g0/

Milwaukee, Wisconsin, completed massive underground tunnel, green infrastructure & flood-control measures have significantly reduced combined sewer overflows • https://www.citylab.com/environment/2019/12/milwaukee-city-sewage-treatment-clean-water- climate-change/602767/

Final episode of Sir David Attenborough’s “Seven Worlds, One Planet” – the devastation humans wreak • https://www.yahoo.com/news/david-attenborough-fans-devastated-last-000400997.html

Is anyone asking serious moral and ethical questions when humans genetically modify species? • https://www.newscientist.com/article/2226490-exclusive-two-pigs-engineered-to-have- monkey-cells-born-in-china/

World Malaria Report 2019 • https://www.who.int/news-room/feature-stories/detail/world-malaria-report-2019 • Download report: https://www.who.int/publications-detail/world-malaria-report-2019

Yet another proposal for a high-speed rail connecting major cities in Texas – meanwhile, construction timeline set for $4.8B 170-mile Las Vegas-So Cal high-speed train • https://cbsaustin.com/news/local/global-infrastructure-company-proposes-hyperloop-across- texas • https://www.reviewjournal.com/business/tourism/virgin-trains-updates-timeline-for-las-vegas- to-southern-cal-train-1911377/

Engineers assisting in damage assessment of buildings in Albania following M6.4 EQ • https://apnews.com/8ee3cf704bbd5dca6844dfadb2920011

US Army COE has 50-year $3.2B plan to again raise levees in New Orleans to address 100-yr storm – H Katrina was 150-yr to 250-yr event – raise up to 5.1 ft = 1.8 ft raise + 3.3 ft to compensate for subsidence • https://www.nola.com/news/environment/article_a160ff42-1ace-11ea-bd3b- cbcf2a74b089.html

Work progressing on $2.75B Fargo-Moorhead diversion ramp portion of flood diversion project • https://www.inforum.com/news/4810781-Preparations-for-2.75-billion-Fargo-Moorhead- diversion-project-ramp-up-even-as-winter-slows-construction

Missoula, Montana, replaced leaky pipes in water system – saved 930,000+ gpd – leakage dropped from 61% to 41% • https://www.kpax.com/news/missoula-county/missoula-public-works-replacing-aging- infrastructure-saved-930k-gallons-of-water

Planning to fix the Friant-Kern Canal in California – preliminary estimated costs of $200M to $700M • https://www.bakersfield.com/news/progress-on-canal-repairs-sparks-hope-but-funding- questions-loom/article_9fc0c8f6-185e-11ea-8cde-c311c2156666.html

In this era of “global warming alarmists” do Earth scientists need a “safe place” or a “crying booth” • https://eos.org/features/the-emotional-toll-of-climate-change-on-science-professionals

Chemicals from pharmaceutical drugs & personal care products transform in the environment – toxic effects of such degradation products in our water system are relatively unknown • https://eos.org/articles/drugs-in-our-water-can-leave-even-more-toxic-by-products

Cause of mass mortality in freshwater mussels not yet known – critical species for water filtration • https://www.npr.org/2019/12/06/784422726/natures-brita-filter-is-dying-and-nobody-knows- why

Village of Ryrkaypiy in Chukotka region of Russia being over-run by polar bears • https://www.treehugger.com/animals/russian-village-being-overrun-polar-bears.html

Perspective: Turn barren farmland into nature reserves – transforming abused tracts of land • https://www.treehugger.com/conservation/lets-turn-barren-farmland-nature-reserves.html

We are entering “Flu Season” • https://arstechnica.com/science/2019/12/this-years-flu-season-is-off-to-an-early-unusual- start-cdc-says/

As African countries become more economically developed, they may se more coal • https://arstechnica.com/science/2019/12/evaluating-the-risks-of-africans-opting-for-coal- power/

Megadrought forced farmers in Peru to relocate to cloud forests 1,200 years ago • http://www.seeddaily.com/reports/Megadroughts_forced_Peruvian_farmers_into_cloud_fores ts_1200_years_ago_999.html

Bayer will still manufacture chemicals, pesticides & pharmaceuticals – but aims to be “climate- neutral” • http://www.energy-daily.com/reports/Bayer_targets_climate- neutral_business_by_2030_999.html

Israeli fish farms feed the pelicans instead of fighting them as they migrate • http://www.terradaily.com/reports/Israeli_fish_farmers_give_peckish_pelicans_free_lunch_99 9.html

Updating the evolutionary Tree of Life for mammals • https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2019/12/191204145826.htm • Paper: https://journals.plos.org/plosbiology/article?id=10.1371/journal.pbio.3000494

Data confirm why water in some rivers and lakes turns brown • https://phys.org/news/2019-12-unique-brown.html • Paper: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/gcb.14891

Congress to halt military use of fire-fighting foam with PFAS that contaminate drinking water • https://phys.org/news/2019-12-congress-halt-military-toxic-foam.html

Putting emphasis on food security & sustainability • https://phys.org/news/2019-12-heightened-focus-food-sustainability.html • Map: https://phys.org/news/2019-11-world-food-sustainability-countries-globe.html

The impact of post-disaster insurance payments following the 2010-2011 Canterbury EQs • https://phys.org/news/2019-12-impact-post-disaster-payments.html

If they move the capital of Indonesia from Jakarta to new site there is flood risk & low EQ risk but no volcanoes • https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2019/12/11/partial-survey-of-new-capitals-site-finds- flood-risk-low-quake-risk-but-no-volcanoes.html

Human fecal waste is most prevalent contaminant in wells in southwestern Wisconsin • https://www.wpr.org/southwest-wisconsin-water-study-finds-human-waste-contaminating- private-wells • SWIGG: https://iowa.extension.wisc.edu/community-development/swigg/

Federal judge recommending Georgia prevail over Florida on waters from shared rivers • https://apnews.com/e666b246a5bdc5e059a280190efbdb80

US BLM found no undue environmental harm & will open 1.2M acres to fracking leases in California • https://www.courthousenews.com/feds-to-open-1-2-million-acres-in-california-to-fracking- leases/ • https://www.sacbee.com/news/politics-government/capitol-alert/article238321848.html

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Coastal Zone Management Bulletin Board – 16 December 2019 – compiled by Elaine J. Hanford

Pock-marked seafloor off California coast is network of micro-depressions caused by garbage • https://phys.org/news/2019-12-mysterious-holes-seafloor-central-california.html

Why new Norwegian Cruise Lines ships will be smaller • https://www.msn.com/en-us/travel/news/why-norwegians-new-cruise-ships-will-be-much- smaller/ar-BBXIM3U

Cost sharing will not reduce multi-billion-dollar price tag of Morganza-to-the-Gulf Levee System • https://www.thecentersquare.com/louisiana/louisiana-federal-and-local-officials-reach-cost- sharing-agreement-for/article_dce767b8-16fa-11ea-9106-372000854b7c.html

Tsunami wall defenses similar to flood defenses could cause more (not less) damage • https://www.newcivilengineer.com/latest/tsunami-wall-defences-cause-damage-good- research-suggests-09-12-2019/

Florida to create Statewide Office of Resiliency to address coastal flooding • https://www.tampabay.com/florida-politics/buzz/2019/12/10/never-too-late-florida-senate- takes-on-rising-sea-levels/

Perspective on Coastal & Great Lakes Communities Enhancement Act – HR 729 – package includes Tribal Coastal Resiliency Act • https://www.ucsusa.org/about/news/house-bill-would-improve-coastal-resilience • https://www.thedailyworld.com/news/house-passes-kilmer-bill-to-help-coastal-tribes-facing- severe-weather-threats/ • https://www.dredgingtoday.com/2019/12/11/house-passes-kilmer-coastal-protection-bill/

Collective understanding of coastal system dynamics, including human development, and evolution • https://phys.org/news/2019-12-coastal-dynamics-evolution.html

California DF&W selected 7 projects to restore approximately 1,700 acres of wetlands & meadows • https://kymkemp.com/2019/12/11/california-state-coastal-conservancy-to-get-over-800000- for-restoring-coastal-tidal-wetlands-in-humboldt-bay-national-wildlife-refuge-area/

Terrebone Parish, Louisiana, to again use old Christmas trees to reduce erosion near Mandalay NWR • https://www.wwltv.com/article/tech/science/environment/your-christmas-trees-could-help- stop-louisianas-coastal-erosion/289-9f4178ab-9b00-4318-8035-5cd3e5ccd15d

Land preservation groups purchased 16,000+ acres – largest undeveloped, unprotected coastal site in Georgia • https://www.savannahnow.com/na/20191210/state-conservation-groups-making-two-coastal- land-purchases

California letting the sea reclaim this waterfront condominium complex • https://www.eenews.net/stories/1061769017

Perspective – how & why the government should bail out American coastal cities • https://nextcity.org/daily/entry/how-why-federal-government-should-help-cities-manage- storms-and-rising-seas

Coastal outer banks where avian species adapt & thrive on isolated strip of beach and marsh • https://www.coastalreview.org/2019/12/birds-tell-us-its-time-to-act/

Black market threatens seahorse population and other marine life across Puglia region in Italy • https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/dec/09/boom-in-seahorse-poaching-spells- bust-for-italy-coastal-habitats-aoe

White Island volcanic eruption of the coast of New Zealand causes 5 deaths & others still missing – warning: risk of volcano tourism – 1,300 square feet of skin for burn victims • https://www.npr.org/2019/12/09/786239329/at-least-5-dead-after-volcano-erupts-off-new- zealand-coast • https://arstechnica.com/science/2019/12/new-zealand-volcano-erupts-killing-tourists-on-the- island/ • http://www.spacedaily.com/reports/New_Zealand_volcano_still_too_dangerous_to_remove_ bodies_999.html • https://www.stuff.co.nz/business/118126115/volcano-tourism-is-on-the-rise-whakaariwhite- island-is-the-latest-example-of-the-risk • https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/news/new-zealand-orders-nearly-1-300-square-feet- of-skin-for-volcano-burn-victims

Honolulu, Hawaii, cracking down on single-use plastics – excess waste on beaches and across the island • https://www.treehugger.com/plastic/honolulu-cracks-down-single-use-plastics.html

Dutch have new method of using sand for sea walls • http://www.spacedaily.com/reports/Built_on_sand_Dutch_find_unlikely_ally_against_water_9 99.html

Kennedy Space Center in Florida fighting erosion problems • http://www.spacedaily.com/reports/Storms_erosion_a_costly_problem_at_NASAs_Kennedy_ Space_Center_999.html

Polar bears that follow sea-ice have higher pollutant levels than those that feed onshore • https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2019/12/191211083539.htm

Eutrophication remains major problem in regional seas of Europe • https://phys.org/news/2019-12-eutrophication-major-problem-europe-seas.html • EEA Report: https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/nutrient-enrichment-and- eutrophication-in

Coastal park in Brooklyn, New York, designed to accommodate storm surge • https://www.fastcompany.com/90440874/this-new-brooklyn-park-is-designed-to-thrive-as- sea-levels-rise

Densely populated shoreline of Lake Michigan will sustain storm impacts • https://www.mlive.com/weather/2019/12/next-pounding-of-lake-michigan-shoreline- concentrated-through-michigans-populated-part-of-lake.html