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Jasminum Grandiflorum Linn): a Review Shailendra Pradhan* Int J Ayu Pharm Chem REVIEW ARTICLE www.ijapc.com e-ISSN 2350-0204 Pharmaceutically important uses of Chameli (Jasminum grandiflorum Linn): A Review Shailendra Pradhan* *Department of Dravyaguna, Uttarakhand Ayurved University, Gurukul Campus, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India Abstract Jasminum grandiflorum Linn (Chameli / Yasmin; Oleaceae) is innate to Tropical and warm Temperate regions and cultivated in France, Italy, China, Japan, India, Morocco and Egypt. The plant is recognised to possess positive effects as odontalgic, thermogenic, aphrodisiac, antiseptic, emollient, anthelmintic, deobstruant, suppurative, tonic, in fixing loose teeth, ulcerative stomatitis, leprosy, skin diseases, ottorrhoea, otalgia, wounds, corns and aromatherapy. Pharmacological actions of the plant reported so far are spasmolytic, anti- inflammatory, anti-microbial, antioxidant, antiulcer, cytoprotective, chemoprotective, wound healing and anti-acne activity. The present review is an attempt to highlight the various ethnobotanical and traditional uses as well as phytochemical and pharmacological actions reported so far from J. grandiflorum. Keywords Jasminum grandiflorum , Chameli, Yasmin, Oleaceae Greentree Group Received 15/5/15 Accepted 19/6/15 Published 10/7/15 Shailendra Pradhan 2015 Greentree Group © IJAPC Int J Ayu Pharm Chem 2015 Vol. 3 Issue 1 www.ijapc.com 79 [e ISSN 2350-0204] Int J Ayu Pharm Chem INTRODUCTION potential of the plant. Taxonomical/ Scientific Classification8 Jasminum grandiflorum is a large Kingdom: Plantae- Plants scrambling sub erect twining evergreen Subkingdom: Tracheobionts- Vascular shrub, which grows up to 10 to 15 m. high1, plants 2. It is native of Asia, Kashmir, Division: Magnoliophyta- Flowering plants Afghanistan and Persia ascending to an Class: Magnoliopsida- Dicotyledons altitude of 700- 2700 m, cultivated in India, Order: Scrophulariales wild in sub-tropical North-West Family: Oleaceae Himalayas, Western Ghats, Nilgiris, hill of Genus: Jasminum Tinnavally above 1400 m, France, Italy, Species: grandiflorum China, Japan, India, Morocco and Egypt3,4,5,6. The plant is recognised to Classical Names9, 10 possess beneficial effects as odontalgic, Jati, Sauanasyayani, Sumama, Chetika, thermogenic, aphrodisiac, antiseptic, Hridyagandha, Malati, Rajaputrika. emollient, anthelmintic, deobstruant, suppurative, tonic, in fixing loose teeth, Botanical Description11, 12 ulcerative stomatitis, leprosy, skin diseases, It is a scrambling deciduous shrub growing ottorrhoea, otalgia, wounds, corns and to 2-4 m tall. The leaves are opposite, aromatherapy7. Our thorough literature entire ovate to somewhat elliptic in shape search exposed an interesting fact that with acuminate mucronate apex, petiole though the plant is a popular remedy for a almost lacking, imparipinnately compound, variety of ailments, very little effort have with three paired foliates ending with a been made to verify its efficacy through single leaf at the tip. The leaflets are scientific screenings in animal model and elongate-lanceolate, acute, 7 to 11 terminal clinical trials. The present review leaflet somewhat large than laterals, highlights the various folk, Ayurvedic uses, narrowing at the base, ovate-lanceolate, pharmacognostical, phytochemical and acute or acuminate, laterals ovate, terminal pharmacological studies conducted on J. one larger than laterals and often partially grandiflorum and also highlight unexplored ________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Shailendra Pradhan 2015 Greentree Group © IJAPC Int J Ayu Pharm Chem 2015 Vol. 3 Issue 1 www.ijapc.com 80 [e ISSN 2350-0204] Int J Ayu Pharm Chem united with surfaces with a ciliate margin. The physical constants6 of the plant are Flowers are terminal and axillary cymes, given in the Table 1. calyx lobes long and linear, more than half Medicinal Uses as long as the corolla tubes. The fruit is a 1. Traditional Uses7 black berry, elliptic, globose berries when Plant parts used: Whole plant ripe. The plant is bitter, astringent, acrid, Climate, Soil and Propagation thermogenic, aphrodisiac, antiseptic, The plant is cultivated in well drained anodyne, depurative, emmenagogue, loamy soil and also on a variety of soils emollient, diuretic, anthelmintic, such as black, lateritic and clay loam with deobstruant, dentrifrice, suppurative and good drainage system as the plant is highly tonic. susceptible to water logging13, 14. It can be propagated by shoot tip culture method. Roots: They are useful in cephalalgia, Flowering of jasmine plants starts in the vitiated condition of vata, paralysis, facial first year itself. The yield being ½, 5 and paralysis, mental debility, chronic 10 tonnes/ha flowers within first, second constipation, flatulence, strangury, sterility, and third year respectively15, 16. The dysmenorrhoea, amenorrhoea, ringworm, harvesting of the flower is done in the leprosy, skin diseases and giddiness. month of May to December (in South India) and July to November (in North Leaves: They are useful in odontalgia, India).17 fixing loose teeth, ulcerative stomatitis, leprosy, skin diseases, ottorhoea, otalgia, Pharmacognostical Studies strangury, dysmenorrhoea, ulcers, wound Leaf Powder Characteristics and corns. The leaf powder is light green in color. The important powder characteristics of the leaf Flowers: They are useful in stomatopathy, are simple, unbranched trichomes, vessels cephalopathy, odontopathy, with simple pits and spiral thickenings, ophthalmopathy, leprosy, skin diseases, glandular trichome, starch grains and pruritis, strangury, dysmenorrhoea, ulcers, calcium oxalate crystals18, 19. as refrigerant, ophthalmic and vitiated conditions of pitta. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Shailendra Pradhan 2015 Greentree Group © IJAPC Int J Ayu Pharm Chem 2015 Vol. 3 Issue 1 www.ijapc.com 81 [e ISSN 2350-0204] Int J Ayu Pharm Chem Table 1 Physical Constants of Jasminum 3. Uses described in Ayurveda grandiflorum Linn Leaves are chewed in aphthae, stomatitis, S. No. Physical constant % w/w toothache, ulcer in the mouth and leaf-juice 1. Total ash 10.89 or oil obtained from it is dropped in to the 2. Acid insoluble ash 1.29 20 3. Water soluble ash 2.92 ear (Bhavaprakash ). A decoction of the 4. Loss on drying 4.25 leaf was also used as a gargle Petroleum ether extractive (Bhavprakash and Vrindamadhava21). The 5. value 2.61 oil cooked with juice of jati leaves was Chloroform extractive prescribed in purulent discharge from the 6. value 3.58 ear (Vrindamadhava and Bangasena21). 7. Acetone extractive value 8.72 8. Alcohol extractive value 11.57 Fresh juice of the leaves is a valuable 9. Water extractive value 12.14 application for sort corns between the toes, for ulceration in the mouth, throat and 2. Ethnobotanical Uses gums, the leaves fried in ghee are Asian and Indian folk practitioners recommended to be applied recommend Jasmine for liver complaints, (Chakradatta20). The use of flowers applied dysentery, various types of pain including as a plaster to the loins, genitals and pubes painful menstruation, and skin diseases as an aphrodisiac. The plant is used in such as leprosy. In addition, Jasmine oil scorpion-string (Mahomedan22). Charaka applied externally is used to soften and used the sprouts or dried flowers, in smooth the skin, for cancer, heart disease, prescriptions, externally in coryza, nasal and a variety of other ills. Aroma therapists hemorrhage and dermatosis. Sushruta used believe Jasmine oil can be useful as an Malati as an ingredient of a medicated antidepressant, as a calming agent to clarified butter for external application on soothe stress, pain, and anxiety, and as an infected wounds, for cleansing and aphrodisiac. Its reputation as an intoxicant sterilizing the interior of ulcer, as an is legendary. Apart from that inhaling ingredient of hair oil for baldness and Jasmine scent increases beta waves in the alopecia and as an ingredient of an eye- brain, which are associated with increased salve for loss of vision. Malati was used states of alertness10. externally in leprosy, malignant ulcers and ________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Shailendra Pradhan 2015 Greentree Group © IJAPC Int J Ayu Pharm Chem 2015 Vol. 3 Issue 1 www.ijapc.com 82 [e ISSN 2350-0204] Int J Ayu Pharm Chem other virulent skin diseases. The root of indole, myrcene, linalool, geranyl linalool, Jaati, cooked in goat’s milk and mixed with α-terpineol, geraniol, linalyl acetate, sugar was prescribed for giving relief in nerolidol, phytol, isophytol, farnesol, pain due to retention of urine and for eugenol, benzyl alcohol, p-cresol, methyl expelling calculus (Raaja Maarttanda20). benzoate, benzyl cyanide, benzyl acetate, methyl dihydrojasmonate, methyl Ayurvedic Propereties6, 23: anthranilate, jasmone, methyl- N-methyl Rasa: Tikta, Kashaya anthranilate, vanillin, cis-3-hexenyl Guna: Laghu, Snigdha, Mridu benzoate, benzyl benzoate, methyl Veerya: Ushna palmitate, methyl linoleate25, jasgranoside, Vipaka: Katu jaspolyoside, 8-epi-kingiside, 10-hydroxy- Doshaghnata: Tridoshashamaka oleuropein, 10-hydroxy ligstroside, Rogaghnata: Tridoshajavikara, Dantashoola, oleoside-7,11-dimethyl ester30,3-O-α-L- Dantadaurbalya, Mukharoga. rhamnopyranosyl (1→2)-β-D- Karma: Mukharoganashaka, xylopyranosyl-hederagenin-28-O-β-D- Saumanasyajanana, Medhya, Vajikarana. galactopyranosyl (1→6)-β-D- galactopyranosyl ester, hederagenin-3-O-β-
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