Checklist of the Birds of Western Australia

Home , Black grasswren, Dusky grasswren, Western rosella

Records ofthe Western Australian Museum Supplement No. 63: 75-90 (2001).

Checklist of the birds of Western Australia

RE. Johnstone Western Australian Museum, Frands Street, Perth, Western Australia 6000, Australia

INTRODUCTION e.G. Sibley and Re. Monroe (1990), The Taxonomy In 1948 H.M. Whittell and D.L. Serventy published and Species of Birds of Australia and its Territories by A Systematic List of the Birds of Western Australia L. Christidis and W.E. Boles (1994), An Annotated (Public Library, Museum and Art Gallery of Western Checklist of the Birds of the Oriental Region by T. Australia Special Publication No. 1). The next forty Inskipp, N. Lindsey and W. Duckworth (1996), the eight years witnessed such a resurgence in fieldwork, Zoological Catalogue of Australia, volume 37.2 especially in the tropical north, deserts, seas, coasts (Columbidae to Coraciidae) by R. Schodde and I.J. and wetlands, that a further 110 species and many Mason (1997), Handbook of Western Australian Birds subspecies have been added to the State list. At the Volume I- non-passerines (Emu to Dollarbird) by same time the classification of the birds has been RE. Johnstone and G.M. Storr (1998) and The improved and the distribution of the species and Directory of Australian Birds, Passerines by R subspecies better defined. The area covered by this Schodde and I.J. Mason (1999). list includes the seas and islands of the adjacent Species and subspecies requiring confirmation are continental shelf, including Ashmore Reef. enclosed in square brackets. Considering its large size Western Australia has a relatively small avifauna. The 547 species recorded Manuscript received 5 November 1997; accepted 13 October for the State include 385 breeding species, 145 non 1999. breeding visitors and 17 foreign or introduced species. Sixteen species are endemic to the State namely: Carnaby's Cockatoo Calyptorhynchus Class AVES latirostris, Baudin's Cockatoo Calyptorhynchus Order STRUTHIONIFORMES baudinii, Western Long-billed Corella Cacatua pastinator, Red-capped Parrot Platycercus spurius, Family CASUARIIDAE Western Rosella Platycercus icterotis, Noisy Scrub Dromaius novaehollandiae (Latham, 1790) Emu bird Atrichornis clamosus, Red-winged Fairy-wren Malurus elegans, Black Grasswren Amytornis housei, Western Bristlebird Dasyornis longirostris, Dusky Order GALLIFORMES Gerygone Gerygone tenebrosa, Western Thornbill Family MEGAPODIIDAE Acanthiza inornata, Western White-naped Honeyeater Melithreptus chloropsis, Western Megapodius reinwardt Dumont, 1823 Orange-legged Spinebill Acanthorhynchus superciliosus, Western Scrubfowl (Orange-footed Scrubfowl) Little Wattlebird Anthochaera lunulata, White M. r. tumulus Gould, 1842 breasted Robin Eopsaltria georgiana, and Red-eared Leipoa ocellata Gould, 1840 Malleefowl Firetail Stagonopleura oculata. The principal sources of reference for this list are Family PHASIANIDAE the Check-list of Birds of the World by J.L. Peters et al. Coturnix pectoralis Gould, 1837 Stubble Quail (1931-79), Checklist of the Birds of Australia Non Coturnix ypsilophora Bosc, 1792 Brown Quail passerines by H.T. Condon (1975), Interim List of C. y. cervina Gould, 1865 Australian Songbirds by R Schodde (1975), Field C. y. australis (Latham, 1802) Guide to the Birds of Western Australia by G.M. Storr Coturnix chinensis (Linnaeus, 1766) King Quail and RE. Johnstone (1979), The New Guide to the Birds C. c. lineata (Scopoli, 1786) of New Zealand by R.A. Falla et al. (1982), Birds of 1Phasianus colchicus Linnaeus, 1758 New Guinea by B.M. Beehler et al. (1986), The Birds of Common Pheasant (Domestic Pheasant) Wallacea by e.M.N. White and M.D. Bruce (1986), Pavo cristatus Linnaeus, 1758 Distribution and Taxonomy ofthe Birds of the World by Common Peafowl (Indian Peafowl)

1 According to Condon (1975), the Common Pheasants introduced into Australia are of mixed hybrid stock. Small feral colonies of Silver Pheasants Lophura nycthemera, Domestic Turkeys Meleagris gal/opavo and Helmeted Guinea Fowl Numida meleagris occurred briefly in Western Australia. 76 R.E. Johnstone

Order ANSERIFORMES Eudyptes chrysocome (Forster, 1781) RockhopperPenguin Family ANATIDAE E. c. filholi Hutton, 1879 Anseranas semipalmata (Latham, 1798) E. c. moseleyi Mathews and Iredale, 1921 Magpie Goose (Pied Goose) Eudyptes pachyrhynchus G. R. Gray, 1845 Dendrocygna eytoni (Eyton, 1838) Fiordland Penguin Plumed Whistling Duck Eudyptes sclateri Buller, 1888 Erect-crested Penguin Dendrocygna arcuata (Horsfield, 1824) Wandering EUdyptes chrysolophus (Brandt, 1837) Whistling Duck (Chestnut Whistling Duck) Macaroni Penguin Oxyura australis Gould, 1836 Blue-billed Duck 2E. c. schlegeli Finsch, 1876 Royal Penguin Biziura lobata (Shaw, 1796) Musk Duck Eudyptula minor (Forster, 1781) Little Penguin Stictonetta naevosa (Gould, 1841) Freckled Duck E. m. novaehollandiae (Stephens, 1826) Cygnus olor (Gmelin, 1789) Mute Swan Cygnus atratus (Latham, 1790) Black Swan Cereopsis novaehollandiae Latham, 1802 Order PROCELLARIIFORMES Cape Barren Goose C. n. grisea (Vieillot, 1818) Family PROCELLARIIDAE Ta-dorna tadornoides (Jardine and Selby, 1828) Macronectes giganteus (Gmelin, 1789) Australian Shelduck (Mountain Duck) Southern Giant Petrel Tadorna radjah (Lesson, 1828) Radjah Shelduck Macronectes halli Mathews, 1912 T. r. rufitergum Hartert, 1905 Burdekin Duck Northern Giant Petrel Nettapus pulchellus Gould, 1842 Green Pygmy Goose Fulmarus glacialoides (A. Smith, 1840) Chenonetta jubata (Latham, 1802) Southern Fulmar Australian Wood Duck (Wood Duck) Thalassoica antarctica (Gmelin, 1789) Antarctic Petrel Anas gracilis Buller, 1869 Grey Teal Daption capense (Linnaeus, 1758) Cape Petrel Anas castanea (Eyton, 1838) Chestnut Teal Pterodroma rostrata (Peale, 1848) Tahiti Petrel Anas platyrhynchos Linnaeus, 1758 Mallard Pterodroma macroptera (Smith, 1840) Anas superciliosa Gmelin, 1789 Pacific Black Duck Great-winged Petrel Anas acuta Linnaeus, 1758 Pintail P. m. macroptera (Smith, 1840) A. a. acuta Linnaeus, 1758 P. m. gouldi (Hutton, 1869) Anas querquedula Linnaeus, 1758 Garganey Pterodroma lessonii (Gamot, 1826) Anas rhynchotis Latham, 1802 Australasian Shoveler White-headed Petrel Anas r. rhynchotis Latham, 1802 Pterodroma mollis (Gould, 1844) Anas clypeata Linnaeus, 1758 Northern Shoveler Soft-plumaged Petrel Malacorhynchus membranaceus (Latham, 1802) P. m. mollis (Gould, 1844) Pink-eared Duck P. m. dubius Mathews, 1924 Aythya australis (Eyton, 1838) Hardhead Pterodroma brevirostris (Lesson, 1831) Kerguelen Petrel Order PODICIPEDIFORMES Pterodroma arminjoniana (Giglioni and Salvadori, 1869) Herald Petrel Family PODICIPEDIDAE P. a. arminjoniana (Giglioni and Salvadori, 1869) Tachybaptus novaehollandiae (Stephens, 1826) Pterodroma baraui (Jouanin, 1964) Barau's Petrel Australasian Grebe (Black-throated Grebe) Pterodroma leucoptera (Gould, 1844) Gould's Petrel T. n. novaehollandiae (Stephens, 1826) P. 1. leucoptera (Gould, 1844) Poliocephalus poliocephalus (Jardine and Selby, 1827) Halobaena caerulea (Gmelin, 1789) Blue Petrel Hoary-headed Grebe Pachyptila vittata (G. Forster, 1777) Podiceps cristatus (Linnaeus, 1758) Broad-billed Prion Great Crested Grebe Pachyptila salvini (Mathews, 1912) Salvin's Prion P. c. australis Gould, 1844 P. s. salvini (Mathews, 1912) P. s. macgillivrayi (Mathews, 1912) Pachyptila desolata (Gmelin, 1789) Antarctic Prion Order SPHENISCIFORMES Pachyptila belcheri (Mathews, 1912) Slender-billed Prion Family SPHENISCIDAE Pachyptila turtur (Kuhl, 1820) Fairy Prion Aptenodytes patagonicus Miller, 1778 King Penguin Bulweria bulwerii (Jardine and Selby, 1828) A. p. halli Mathews, 1911 Bulwer's Petrel

2 Often treated as a full species E. schlegeli. Birds 77 Procellaria aequinoctialis Linnaeus, 1758 Oceanites nereis (Gould, 1841), White-chinned Petrel Grey-backed Storm Petrel P. a. aequinoctialis Linnaeus, 1758 Oceanites marinus (Latham, 1790) Procellaria cinerea Gmelin, 1789 Grey Petrel White-faced Storm Petrel Ca10nectris 1eucome1as (Temminck, 1835) O. m. du1ciae (Mathews, 1912) Streaked Shearwater Oceanites tropicus (Gould, 1844) Puffinus pacificus (Gmelin, 1789) Black-bellied Storm Petrel Wedge-tailed Shearwater Oceanodroma 1eucorhoa (Vieillot, 1818) Puffinus carneipes Gould, 1844 Leach's Storm Petrel Fleshy-footed Shearwater O. 1. 1eucorhoa (Vieillot, 1818) Puffinus griseus (Gmelin, 1789) Sooty Shearwater sOceanodroma monorhis (Swinhoe, 1867) Puffinus tenuirostris (Temminck,1835) Swinhoe's Storm Petrel Short-tailed Shearwater Oceanodroma matsudariae Kuroda, 1922 Puffinus gavia (J. R. Forster, 1844) Matsudaira's Storm Petrel Fluttering Shearwater Puffinus huttoni Mathews, 1912 Hutton's Shearwater Order PELECANIFORMES Puffinus assimilis Gould, 1838 Little Shearwater P. a. assimilis Gould, 1838 Family PHAETHONTIDAE Phaethon rubricauda Boddaert, 1783 Family PELECANOIDIDAE Red-tailed Tropicbird Pe1ecanoides urinatrix (Gmelin, 1789) Phaethon 1epturus Daudin, 1802 Common Diving Petrel White-tailed Tropicbird P. u. exsu1 Salvin, 1896

Family SULIDAE Family DIOMEDEIDAE Su1a abbotti Ridgway, 1893 Abbott's Booby Diomedea exu1ans Linnaeus, 1758 Su1a (bassana) capensis (Lichtenstein, 1823) Wandering Albatross Cape Gannet D. e. chionoptera Salvin, 1896 Su1a (bassana) serrator (G. R. Gray, 1843) 3D. e. gibsoni Robertson and Warham 1992 Australasian Gannet Diomedea epomophora Lesson, 1825 Su1a dacty1atra Lesson, 1831 Masked Booby Royal Albatross (Southern Royal Albatross) S. d. personata Gould, 1846 D. e. epomophora Lesson, 1825 Su1a su1a (Linnaeus, 1766) Red-footed Booby 4Diomedea me1anophris Temminck, 1828 Su1a 1eucogaster Boddaert, 1783 Brown Booby Black-browed Albatross S. 1. p10tus (J. R. Forster, 1844) D. m. me1anophris Temminck, 1828 Diomedea cauta Gould, 1841 Shy Albatross D. c. cauta Gould, 1841 Family ANHINGIDAE D. c. sa1vini (Rothschild, 1893) Diomedea chrysostoma J. R. Forster, 1785 Anhinga me1anogaster Pennant, 1769 Darter Grey-headed Albatross A. m. novaehollandiae (Gould, 1847) Diomedea ch1ororhynchos Gmelin, 1789 Yellow-nosed Albatross D. c. ch1ororhynchos Gmelin, 1789 Family PHALACROCORACIDAE D.c. bassi Mathews, 1912 Pha1acrocorax carbo (Linnaeus, 1758) Phoebetria fusca (Hilsenberg, 1822) Sooty Albatross Great Cormorant Phoebetria pa1pebrata (J. R. Forster, 1785) P. c. novaehollandiae Stephens, 1826 Light-mantled Sooty Albatross Pha1acrocorax varius (Gmelin, 1789) Pied Cormorant P. v. hypo1eucos (Brandt, 1837) Family HYDROBATIDAE Pha1acrocorax su1cirostris (Brandt, 1837) Little Black Cormorant Oceanites oceanicus (Kuhl, 1820) Pha1acrocorax verrucosus (Cabanis, 1875) Wilson's Storm Petrel Kerguelen Cormorant

3 Gibson's Albatross. D. e. gibsoni. Sometimes considered specifically distinct from exulans. • Diomedea melanophris, D. caula, D. chrysosloma and D. chlororhynchos were placed in the genus Tholassarche by Nunn cl al. 1996 Auk 113(4): 784-801 and according to some recent authors D. caula salvini (Salvin's Albatross) and D. chlororhynchos bassi (Indian Yellow-nosed Albatross) should be treated as full species. The composition of genera, species and subspecies within the Diomedeidae is still far from resolved. 5 Sometimes treated as conspecific with O. leucorhoa. 78 R.E. Johnstone

Phalacrocorax fuscescens (Vieillot, 1817) Botaurus poiciloptilus (Wagler, 1827) Black-faced Cormorant Australasian Bittem PhaIacrocorax melanoleucos (Vieillot, 1817) Little Pied Cormorant Family THRESKIORNITHIDAE P. m. meIanoleucos (Vieillot, 1817) Plegadis falcinellus (Linnaeus, 1766) Glossy Ibis 6Threskiornis molucca (Cuvier, 1829) Australian Family PELECANIDAE White Ibis Threskiornis spinicollis (Jameson, 1835) Pelecanus conspicillatus Temminck, 1824 Straw-necked Ibis Australian Pelican 7Platalea regia Gould, 1838 Royal Spoonbill Platalea flavipes Gould, 1838 Yellow-billed Spoonbill Family FREGATIDAE Fregata minor (Gmelin, 1789) Greater Frigatebird Family CICONIIDAE Fregata ariel (G. R. Gray, 1845) Lesser Frigatebird Ephippiorhynchus asiaticus (Latham, 1790) Fregata andrewsi Mathews, 1914 Black-necked Stork . Christmas Island Frigatebird E. a. australis (Shaw, 1800)

Order CICONIIFORMES Order FALCONIFORMES Family ARDEIDAE Family ACCIPITRIDAE Ardea sumatrana Raffles, 1822 Great-billed Heron Pandion haliaetus (Linnaeus, 1758) Osprey Ardea pacifica Latham, 1802 White-necked Heron P. h. cristatus (Vieillot, 1816) Ardea picata Gould, 1845 Pied Heron Elanus caeruleus (Desfontaines, 1789) Ardea novaehollandiae Latham, 1790 Black-shouldered Kite White-faced Heron SE. c. axillaris Latham, 1802 Ardea alba Linnaeus, 1758 Great Egret Australian Black-shouldered Kite A. a. modesta J.B. Gray, 1831 Elanus scriptus Gould, 1842 Letter-winged Kite Ardea intermedia Wagler, 1829 Intermediate Egret Aviceda subcristata (Gould, 1838) Pacific Baza A. i. intermedia Wagler, 1829 A. s. subcristata (Gould, 1838) Ardea garzetta Linnaeus, 1766 Little Egret 9Hamirostra isura (Gould, 1838) Square-tailed Kite A. g. nigripes Temminck, 1840 Hamirostra melanosternon (Gould, 1841) Ardea $aera Gmelin, 1789 Eastern Reef Heron Black-breasted Buzzard (Eastern Reef Egret) Milvus migrans (Boddaert, 1783) Black Kite A. s. sacra Gmelin, 1789 M. m. affinis Gould, 1838 Ardea ibis Linnaeus, 1758 Cattle Egret Haliastur sphenuyus (Vieillot, 1818) Whistling Kite A. i. coromanda (Boddaert, 1783) Haliastur indus (Boddaert, 1783) Brahminy Kite Butorides striatus Linnaeus, 1766 H. i. girrenera (Vieillot, 1822) Striated Heron (Mangrove Heron) Accipiter novaehollandiae (Gmelin, 1788) B. s. stagnatilis (Gould, 1848) Grey Goshawk Nycticorax nycticorax (Linnaeus, 1758) A. n. novaehollandiae (Gmelin, 1788) Black-crowned Night Heron Accipiterfasciatus (Vigors and Horsfield, 1827) N. n. nycticorax (Linnaeus, 1758) Brown Goshawk Nycticorax caledonicus (Gmelin, 1789) A.f. fasciatus (Vigors and Horsfield, 1827) Rufous Night Heron A.f. didimus (Mathews, 1912) N. c. hilli Mathews, 1912 Accipiter cirrocephalus (Vieillot, 1817) Ixobrychus minutus (Linnaeus, 1766) Little Bittern Collared Sparrowhawk 1. m. dubius Mathews, 1912 A. c. cirrocephalus (Vieillot, 1817) Ixobrychus sinensis (Gmelin, 1789) Erythrotriorchis radiatus (Latham, 1802) Yellow Bittem (Chinese Little Bittem) Red Goshawk Ixobrychus flavicollis (Latham, 1790) Black Bittern Aquila morphnoides Gould, 1841 Little Eagle 1. f. australis (Lesson, 1831) A. m. morphnoides Gould, 1841

6 Sometimes treated as a subspecies of the Sacred Ibis T. aethiopicus. , Forming a superspecies with Eurasian Spoonbill P. leucorodia of Europe, Asia and Africa. 8 Sometimes treated as a full species E. axillaris. , Usually placed in monotypic genus Lophoictinia but along with its single congener H. melanosternon comprise an old Australian group without close relatives. n

Birds 79

Aquila audax (Latham1802) Wedge-tailed Eagle Gallinu1a ventralis Gould; 1837 Ha1iaeetus 1eucogaster (GmeIin, 1788) Black-tailed Native-hen White-bellied Sea-Eagle Gallinu1a tenebrosa Gould, 1846 Dusky Moorhen Circus assimilis Jardine and Selby, 1828 G. t. tenebrosa Gould, 1846 Spotted Harrier Fulica atra Linnaeus, 1758 Eurasian Coot Circus approximans Peale, 1848 Swamp Harrier F. a. australis Gould, 1845

Family FALCONIDAE Family OTIDIDAE Falco berigora Vigors and Horsfield, 1827 l°Ardeotis australis (J. E. Gray, 1829) Brown Falcon Australian Bustard F. b. berigora Vigors and Horsfield, 1827 Falco cenchroides Vigors and Horsfield, 1827 Australian Kestrel Order TURNICIFORMES F. c. cenchroides [FaZeo subbuteo Linnaeus, 1758 Eurasian Hobby] Family TURNICIDAE FaZeo longipennis Swainson, 1837 Australian Hobby Turnix maculosa (Temminck, 1815) F. 1. longipennis Swainson, 1837 Red-backed Button-quail FaZeo hypo1eucos Gould, 1841 Grey Falcon T. m. melanota (Gould, 1837) Fa1co peregrinus Tunstall, 1771 Peregrine Falcon Turnix varia (Latham, 1802) Painted Button-quail F. p. macropus Swainson, 1837 T. v. varia FaZeo subniger G. R. Gray, 1843 Black Falcon T. v. scintillans (Gould, 1845) Turnix (castanota) castanota (Gould, 1840) Order GRUIFORMES Chestnut-backed Button-quail Turnix pyrrhothorax (Gould, 1841) Family GRUIDAE Red-chested Button-quail (Gould, 1841) Little Button-quail Grus antigone (Linnaeus, 1758) Sarus Crane Turnix ve10x G. a. gillae Schodde, 1988 Grus rubicunda (Perry, 1810) Brolga Order CHARADRIIFORMES Family RALLIDAE Family SCOLOPACIDAE Rallina fasciata (Raffles, 1822) Red-legged Crake Gallinago hardwickii (J. E. Gray, 1831) Latham's Snipe Gallirallus philippensis (Linnaeus, 1766) Gallinago stenura (Bonaparte, 1830) Pin-tailed Snipe Buff-banded Rail Gallinago mega1a Swinhoe, 1861 Swinhoe's Snipe G. p. mellori (Mathews, 1912) Limosa limosa (Linnaeus, 1758) Black-tailed Godwit Crex crex (Linnaeus, 1758) Corncrake L. 1. melanuroides Gould, 1846 Rallus pectoralis Temminck, 1831 Lewin's Rail Limosa 1apponica (Linnaeus, 1758) Bar-tailed Godwit R. p. cle1andi Mathews, 1911 [L. 1. lapponica] Amaurornis olivaceus (Meyen, 1834) Bush-hen L. 1. menzbieri Portenko, 1936 A. o. ruficrissus (Gould, 1869) Numenius minutus Gould, 1841 Little Curlew Porzana pusilla (Pallas, 1776) Baillon's Crake Numenius phaeopus (Linnaeus, 1758) Whimbrel P. p. pa1ustris Gould, 1843 N. p. variegatus (Scopoli, 1786) Porzana fluminea Gould, 1843 Numenius madagascariensis (Linnaeus, 1766) Australian Spotted Crake Eastern Curlew Porzana tabuensis (GmeIin, 1789) Spotless Crake Tringa erythropus (pallas, 1764) Spotted Redshank Porzana cinerea (Vieillot, 1819) White-browed Crake llTringa totanus (Linnaeus, 1758) Eu1abeornis castaneoventris Gould, 1844 Chestnut Rail Common Redshank E. c. castaneoventris Gould, 1844 Tringa stagnatilis (Bechstein, 1803) Marsh Sandpiper Porphyrio porphyrio (Linnaeus, 1758) Tringa nebularia (Gunnerus, 1767) Purple Swamphen Common Greenshank P. p. me1anotus Temminck,1820 Tringa glareo1a Linnaeus, 1758 Wood Sandpiper P. p. bellus Gould, 1841 12Tringa cinerea (Giildenstadt, 1774) Terek Sandpiper

10 Previously merged with genus Olis. n Subspecific identity ofbirds visiting Western Australia unknown. 12 Sometimes placed in genus Xenus. Tringa terek (Latham, 1970) is synonym. 80 R.E. Johnstone

Tringa hypoleucos Linnaeus, 1758 Family HAEMATOPODIDAE Common Sandpiper Haematopus longirostris Vieillot, 1817 Tringa brevipes (Vieillot, 1816) Grey-tailed Tattler Pied Oystercatcher Arenaria interpres (Linnaeus, 1758) Ruddy Tumstone Haematopus fuliginosus Gould, 1845 A. i. interpres (Linnaeus, 1758) Sooty Oystercatcher Limnodromus semipalmatus (Blyth, 1848) H.f fuliginosus Gould, 1845 Asian Dowitcher H. f ophthalmicus Castelnau and Ramsay, 1877 Calidris canutus (Linnaeus, 1758) Red Knot C.c. rogersi~athews,1913 Calidris tenuirostris (Horsfield, 1821) Great Knot Calidris alba (Pallas, 1764) Sanderling Family RECURVIROSTRIDAE Calidris ruficollis (pallas, 1776) Red-necked Stint Himantopus himantopus (Linnaeus, 1758) Calidris minuta (Leisler, 1812) Little Stint Black-winged Stilt Calidris subminuta (Wddendorff, 1853) H. h. leucocephalus Gould, 1837 Long-toed Stint Cladorhynchus leucocephalus (Vieillot, 1816) Calidris fuscicollis (Vieillot, 1819) White-romped Banded Stilt Sandpiper Recurvirostra novaehollandiae Vieillot, 1816 Calidris bairdii (Coues, 1861) Baird's Sandpiper Red-necked Avocet Calidris melanotos (Vieillot, 1819) Pectoral Sandpiper Calidris acuminata (Horsfield, 1821) Sharp-tailed Sandpiper Calidris alpina (Linnaeus, 1758) Dunlin Family CHARADRIIDAE C. a. sakhalina (Vieillot, 1816) Vanellus miles (Boddaert, 1783) ~asked Lapwing Calidris ferruginea (Pontoppidan, 1763) V. m. miles (Boddaert, 1783) Curlew Sandpiper V. m. novaehollandiae Stephens, 1819 Limicola falcinellus (Pontoppidan, 1763) Vanellus tricolor (Vieillot, 1818) Banded Lapwing Broad-billed Sandpiper Pluvialis squatarola (Linnaeus, 1758) Grey Plover L. f sibiricus Dresser, 1876 Pluvialis fulva (Gmelin, 1789) Pacific Golden Plover Tryngites subruficollis (Vieillot, 1819) Pluvialis dominica (~iiller, 1776) Buff-breasted Sandpiper American Golden Plover Philomachus pugnax Linnaeus, 1758 Ruff Charadrius dubius Scopoli, 1786 Little Ringed Plover Phalaropus lobatus (Linnaeus, 1758) C. d. curonicus Gmelin, 1789 Red-necked Phalarope Charadrius alexandrinus Linnaeus, 1758 Kentish Plover [c. a. dealbatus (Swinhoe, 1870)] Family ROSTRATULIDAE Charadrius ruficapillus Temminck, 1822 Rostratula benghalensis (Linnaeus, 1758) Red-capped Plover Painted Snipe Charadrius bicinctus Jardine and Selby, 1827 R. b. australis (Gould, 1838) Double-banded Plover C. b. bicinctus Jardine and Selby, 1827 Charadrius mongolus Pallas, 1776 Lesser Sand Plover Family JACANIDAE C. m. mongolus Pallas, 1776 C. m. atrifrons Wagler, 1829 13Metopidius gallinaceus (Temminck, 1828) Charadrius leschenaultii Lesson, 1826 Comb-crested Jacana Greater Sand Plover Hydrophasianus chirurgus (Scopoli, 1786) C. 1. leschenaultii Lesson, 1826 Pheasant-tailed Jacana Charadrius melanops Vieillot, 1818 Black-fronted Dotterel (Gmelin, 1789) Hooded Plover Family BURHINIDAE Charadrius rubricollis Charadrius veredus Gould, 1848 Oriental Plover Burhinus grallarius (Latham, 1802) Erythrogonys cinctus Gould, 1838 Bush Stone-curlew Red-kneed Dotterel Esacus neglectus ~athews, 1912 Beach Stone-curlew Peltohyas australis (Gould, 1841) Inland Dotterel

13 Sometimes placed in monotypic genus Irediparra. Birds . 81

Family GLAREOLIDAE Sterna fuscata Linnaeus, 1766 Sooty Tern Stiltia isabella (Vieillot, 1816) Australian Pratincole S. f. nubilosa Sparrman, 1788 Glareola maldivarum J. R. Forster, 1795 Sterna hybrida Pallas, 1811 Whiskered Tern S. h. javanica Horsfield, 1821 Oriental Pratincole Sterna leucoptera Temminck, 1815 White-winged Black Tern Anous stolidus (Linnaeus, 1758) Common Noddy Family LARIDAE A. s. pileatus (Scopoli, 1786) Anous minutus Boie, 1844 Black Noddy 14Catharacta antarctica (Lesson, 1831) BrownSkua [A. m. minutus] C. a. lonnbergi (Mathews, 1912) Anous tenuirostris' (Temminck, 1823) Lesser Noddy 14Catharacta maccormicki (Saunders, 1893) A. t. melanops Gould, 1846 South Polar Skua Stercorarius pomarinus (Temminck, 1815) Pomarine Skua Order COLUMBIFORMES Stercorarius parasiticus (Linnaeus, 1758) Arctic Skua Stercorarius longicaudus Vieillot, 1819 Family COLUMBIDAE Long-tailed Skua Columba livia Gmelin, 1789 Domestic Pigeon Larus pacificus Latham, 1802 Pacific Gull Streptopelia senegalensis (Linnaeus, 1766) L. p. georgii King, 1826 Laughing Turtle-Dove Larus crassirostris Vieillot, 1818 Black-tailed Gull S. s. senegalensis (Linnaeus, 1766) Larus dominicanus Lichtenstein, 1823 Kelp Gull 16Streptopelia chinensis (Scopoli, 1786) Larus novaehollandiae Stephens, 1826 Silver Gull Spotted Turtle Dove L. n. novaehollandiae Stephens, 1826 S. C. tigrina (Temminck, 1810) Larus ridibundus Linnaeus, 1766 Black-headed Gull Chalcophaps indica (Linnaeus, 1758) Emerald Dove Larus atricilla Linnaeus, 1758 Laughing Gull C. i. longirostris Gould, 1848 [L. a. megalopterus Bruch, 1855] Phaps chalcoptera (Latham, 1790) Larus pipixcan Wagler, 1831 Franklin's Gull Common Bronzewing LarussabiniSabine,1819 Sabine's Gull Phaps elegans (Temminck, 1810) Brush Bronzewing Sterna nilotica Gmelin, 1789 Gull-billed Tern Phaps histrionica (Gould, 1841) Flock Pigeon [So n. nilotica] Ocyphaps lophotes (Temminck, 1822) Crested Pigeon S. n. affinis Horsfield, 1821 17Geophaps plumifera Gould, 1842 Spinifex Pigeon S. n. macrotarsa Gould, 1837 Geophaps smithii Gardine and Selby, 1830) Sterna caspia Pallas, 1770 Caspian Tern Partridge Pigeon Sterna bengalensis Lesson, 1831 Lesser Crested Tern G. s. smithii Gardine and Selby, 1830) Sterna bergii Lichtenstein, 1823 Crested Tern G. S. blaauwi Mathews, 1912 Sterna dougallii Montagu, 1813 Roseate Tern 18Petrophassa albipennis Gould, 1841 White-quilled 15S. d. gracilis Gould, 1845 Rock Pigeon Sterna striata Gmelin, 1789 White-fronted Tern P. a. albipennis Gould, 1841 Sterna sumatrana Raffles, 1822 Black-naped Tern Geopelia cuneata (Latham, 1802) Diamond Dove Sterna hirundo Linnaeus, 1758 Common Tern Geopelia striata (Linnaeus, 1766) Peaceful Dove S. h. hirundo Linnaeus, 1758 G. S. placida Gould, 1844 S. h. longipennis Nordmann, 1835 Geopelia humeralis Temminck, 1821 Sterna paradisaea Pontoppidan, 1763 Arctic Tern Bar-shouldered Dove Sterna vittata Gmelin, 1789 Antarctic Tern Caloenas nicobarica (Linnaeus, 1758) Nicobar Pigeon Sterna (albifrons) sinensis Gmelin, 1789 (Little Tern) Ptilinopus regina Swainson, 1825 White-shafted Little Tern Rose-crowned Fruit-Dove Sterna nereis (Gould, 1843) Fairy Tern P. r. ewingii Gould, 1842 S. n. nereis (Gould, 1843) Ducula bicolor (Scopoli, 1786) Pied Imperial Pigeon Sterna anaethetus Scopoli, 1786 Bridled Tern D. b. spilorrhoa (G. R. Gray, 1858) S. a. anaethetus Scopoli, 1786 Torres Strait Pigeon

" C. antaretica often treated as conspecific with Great Skua C. skua and along with C. maccormicki merged into Stereorarius.

15 Judging from measurements in Handbook ofWestern Australian Birds another subspecies may occur in far north-west.

16 Specimens from Perth show characters of two subspecies: S. e. ehinensis and S. e. tigrina.

17 There is considerable geographic variation within this species with white-bellied, red-bellied and intermediate populalions, making it difficult to recognise subspecies. See Johnstone (1981, Ree. West. Aust. Mus. 9: 49).

18 Forming a superspecies with Chestnut-quilled Rock Pigeon P. rufipennis of Amhem Land. 82 R.E. Johnstone

Order PSIlTACIFORMES Polytelis alexandrae Gould, 1863 Princess Parrot 23Platycercus zonarius (Shaw, 1805) Family PSI1TACIDAE Australian Ringneck (Ring-necked Parrot) Calyptorhynchus banksii (Latham, 1790) P. z. zonarius (Shaw, 1805) Red-tailed Black Cockatoo P. z. semitorquatus (Quoy and Gaimard, 1830) C. b. macrorhynchus Gould, 1843 Twenty-eight Parrot C. b. samueli Mathews, 1917 24Platycercus spurius (Kuhl, 1820) Red-capped Parrot C. b. naso Gould, 1837 Platycercus venustus (Kuhl, 1820) Northern Rosella Forest Red-tailed Black Cockatoo Platycercus icterotis (Kuhl, 1820) Western Rosella Calyptorhynchus latirostris Carnaby, 1948 P. i. icterotis (Kuhl, 1820) Camaby's Cockatoo P. i. xanthogenys Salvadori, 1891 Calyptorhynchus baudinii Lear, 1832 Platycercus haematogaster Gould, 1838 Blue Bonnet Baudin's Cockatoo P. h. narethae (H. L. White, 1921) 19Cacatua roseicapilla Galah Platycercus varius (Clark, 1910) Mulga Parrot C. r. roseicapilla Vieillot, 1817 Neophema elegans (Gould, 1837) Elegant Parrot C. r. assimilis (Mathews, 1912) Neophema petrophila (Gould, 1841) Rock Parrot Cacatua tenuirostris (Kuhl, 1820) Neophema splendida (Gould, 1841) Eastern Long-billed Corella Scarlet-chested Parrot Cacatua pastinator (Gould, 1841) Neophema bourkii (Gould, 1841) Bourke's Parrot Western Long-billed Corella Melopsittacus undulatus (Shaw, 1805) Budgerigar c. p. pastinator Muir's Corella Pezoporus wallicus (Kerr, 1792) Ground Parrot wC.p.butkriFord,1987 Butler's Corella P. w. flaviventris North, 1911 Cacatua sanguinea Gould, 1843 Little Corella Pezoporus occidentalis (Gould, 1861) Night Parrot C. s. sanguinea Gould, 1843 C. s. westralensis (Mathews, 1917) Cacatua leadbeateri (Vigors, 1831) Major Mitchell's Cockatoo Order CUCULIFORMES Cacatua galerita (Latham, 1790) Sulphur-crested Cockatoo Family CUCULIDAE C. g. galerita (Latham, 1790) Cuculus saturatus Blyth, 1843 Oriental Cuckoo C. g. Jitzroyi (Mathews, 1912) 25c. s. optatus Gould, 1845 Nymphicus hollandicus (Kerr, 1792) Cockatiel Cuculus pallidus (Latham, 1802) Pallid Cuckoo Trichoglossus haematodus (Linnaeus, 1771) Cacomantis flabelliformis (Latham, 1802) Rainbow Lorikeet Fan-tailed Cuckoo T. h. rubritorquis Vigors and Horsfield, 1827 C. f. flabelliformis (Latham, 1802) Red-collared Lorikeet Cacomantis variolosus (Vigors and Horsfield, 1827) T. h. moluccanus (Gmelin, 1788) Brush Cuckoo Trichoglossus versicolor Lear, 1831 Varied Lorikeet C. v. variolosus (Vigors and Horsfield, 1827) Glossopsitta concinna (Shaw, 1791) Musk Lorikeet Chrysococcyx osculans (Gould, 1847) Glossopsitta porphyrocephala (Dietrichsen, 1837) Black-eared Cuckoo Purple-crowned Lorikeet Chrysococcyx basalis (Horsfield, 1821) 21Aprosmictus erythropterus (Gmelin, 1788) Horsfield's Bronze Cuckoo Red-winged Parrot Chrysococcyx lucidus (Gmelin, 1788) 22Polytelis anthopeplus (Lear, 1831) Regent Parrot Shining Bronze Cuckoo P. a. anthopeplus C.l. plagosus (Latham, 1802)

" The type locality of the Galah remains an enigma. The species was described by Vieillot in 1817 as Cacatua roseicapilla from a specimen collected during the Baudin Expedition 1800-1803 labelled 'dans les lndes'. Mathews (1912) Novit. Zool. 18: determined this location to be New South Wales, however Schodde (1988) Canberra Bd Notes 13:4 believed the type to be from Western Australia probably from the Shark Bay area. I doubt however that this species occurred in the Shark Bay region prior to the 1920s, furthermore I cannot match photographs of the type with any Western Australian specimen. It is possible the type was collected in South Australia by De Freycinet however until the type locality is resolved assimilis is referable to the mid Western population.

20 The provenance and subspecific identity of the type specimen of Licmetis tenuirostris derbyi Mathews 1916, are in doubt (most probably an immature C. p. pastinator) and until resolved the most appropriate name for the mid Western Australian (wheatbelt) population is Cacatua pastinator butleri Ford 1987.

21 Forming a super species with A. jonquillaceus ofWetar and Timor. 22 The type locality of the Regent Parrot is uncertain and the type specimens appear to have been lost. The names Palaeornis anthopeplus Lear 1831 and P. melanura Lear 1832 were based on a female and male respectively, published on plates in his Illustrations of the family Psittacidae, or Parrots 1830-1832, without description or source. Mathews (1912) presumed the type locality was New South Wales and named Polytelis anthopeplus westralis from south-west Australia. Schodde 1993 (Bul/. Br. Ornithol. Club 113: 44-47 noted that Lear's plate matched best with the western form and designated a neotype from Bolgart, Western Australia and provided the name P. a. monarchoides for the eastern Australian population. 23 The sole member of the subgenus Barnardius.

24 Sole member of the subgenus Purpureicepholus.

2S Sometimes treated as a full species. Birds 83

Chrysococcyx minutillus Gould, 1859 Family AEGOTHELIDAE Little Bronze Cuckoo C. m. minutillus Gould, 1859 Aegotheles cristatus (Shaw, 1790) Eudynamys scolopacea (Linnaeus, 1758) Australian Owlet-nighljar A. c. cristatus (Shaw, 1790) Common Koel E. s. cyanocephala (Latham, 1802) A. c. leucogaster Gould, 1844 Scythrops novaehollandiae Latham, 1790 Channel-billed Cuckoo S. n. novaehollandiae Latham, 1790 Order APODIFORMES

Family APODIDAE Family CENTROPODIDAE Hirundapus caudacutus (Latham, 1802) Centropus phasianinus (Latham, 1802) White-throated Needletail Pheasant Coucal H. c. caudacutus (Latham, 1802) . c. p. melanurus Gould, 1847 Apus pacificus (Latham, 1802) Fork-tailed Swift C. p. highami (Mathews, 1922) A. p. pacificus (Latham, 1802) 26Apus nipalensis (Hodgson, 1836) House Swift

Order STRIGIFORMES Order CORACIIFORMES Family STRIGIDAE Ninox rufa (Gould, 1846) Rufous Owl Family ALCEDINIDAE N. r. rufa (Gould, 1846) Alcedo azurea Latham, 1802 Azure Kingfisher Ninox connivens (Latham, 1802) Barking Owl A. a. ruficollaris (Bankier, 1841) N. c. connivens (Latham, 1802) Ninox novaeseelandiae (Gmelin, 1788) Boobook Owl N. n. boobook (Latham, 1802) Ninox scutulata (Raffles, 1822) Brown Hawk-Owl Family HALCYONIDAE N. s. japonica (Temminck and Schlegel, 1844) Dacelo novaeguineae (Hermann, 1783) Laughing Kookaburra D. n. novaeguineae (Hermann, 1783) Family TYTONIDAE Dacelo leachii Vigors and Horsfield, 1826 Tyto novaehollandiae (Stephens, 1826) Masked Owl Blue-winged Kookaburra T. n. novaehollandiae (Stephens, 1826) D. l.leachii Vigors and Horsfield, 1826 T. n. kimberli Mathews, 1912 Todiramphus pyrrhopygia (Gould, 1841) Tyto alba (Scopoli, 1796) Barn Owl Red-backed Kingfisher T. a. delicatula (Gould, 1837) Todiramphus sanctus (Vigors and Horsfield, 1827) Tyto capensis (Smith, 1834) Grass Owl Sacred Kingfisher T. c. longimembris (Jerdon, 1839) T. s. sanctus (Vigors and Horsfield, 1827) Todiramphus chloris (Boddaert, 1783) Collared Kingfisher Order CAPRIMULGIFORMES T. c. sordida Gould, 1842 T. c. pilbara Johnstone, 1983 Family PODARGIDAE Podargus strigoides (Latham, 1802) Family MEROPIDAE Tawny Frogmouth P. s. phalaenoides Gould, 1840 Merops ornatus Latham, 1802 Rainbow Bee-eater P. s. brachypterus Gould, 1841

Family CORACIIDAE Family CAPRIMULGIDAE Eurystomus orientalis (Linnaeus, 1766) Dollarbird Eurostopodus argus Hartert, 1892 Spotted Nighljar E. o. pacificus (Latham, 1802)

26 Sometimes treated as conspecific with the little Swift Apus affinis. 84 R.E. Johnstone

Order PASSERIFORMES S. r. rUficeps Campbell, 1899 Amytornis striatus (Gould, 1840) Striated Grasswren Family PITIIDAE A. s. striatus (Gould, 1840) Pitta moluccensis (Milller, 1776) Blue-winged Pitta A. s. whitei Mathews, 1910 27Pitta iris Gould, 1842 Rainbow Pitta Amytornis textilis (Dumont, 1824) P. i. johnstoneiana Schodde and Mason 1999 Thick-billed Grasswren A. t. textilis (Dumont, 1824) Amytornis purnelli (Mathews, 1914) Family ATRICHORNITHIDAE Dusky Grasswren Atrichornis clamosus (Gould, 1844) Noisy Scrub-bird A. p. purnelli (Mathews, 1914) Amytornis housei (Milligan, 1902) Black Grasswren Family CLIMACTERIDAE Climacteris affinis Blyth, 1864 Family PARDALOTIDAE White-browed Treecreeper Pardalotus punctatus (Shaw, 1792) Spotted Pardalote C. a. superciliosa North, 1895 P.p.puncmtus (Shaw, 1792) Climacteris melanura Gould, 1843 29P. p. xanthopyge McCoy, 1866 Black-tailed Treecreeper Yellow-rumped Pardalote C. m. melanura Gould, 1843 Pardalotus rubricatus Gould, 1838 C. m. wellsi Ogilvie-Grant, 1909 Red-browed Pardalote 28Climacteris rufa Gould, 1841 Rufous Treecreeper Pardalotus striatus (Gmelin, 1789) Striated Pardalote P. s. uropygialis Gould, 1840 Family MALURIDAE P. s. murchisoni Mathews, 1912 P. s. westraliensis Mathews, 1912 Malurus coronatus Gould, 1858 Purple-crowned Fairy-wren M. c. coronatus Gould, 1858 Family DASYORNITHIDAE Malurus splendens (Quoy and Gaim,ard, 1830) Splendid Fairy-wren Dasyornis longirostris Gould, 1841 M. s. splendens (Quoy and Gaimard, 1830) Western Bristlebird M.s.musgraviMathews,1922 Dasyornis broadbenti (McCoy, 1867) Malurus lamberti Vigors and Horsfield, 1827 Rufous Bristlebird Variegated Fairy-wren D. b. litoralis (Milligan, 1902) M.I. assimilis North, 1901 M. 1. rogersi Mathews, 1912 Family ACANTHIZIDAE M. 1. bernieri Ogilvie-Grant, 1909 Malurus pulcherrimus Gould, 1844 Sericornis frontalis (Vigors and Horsfield, 1827) Blue-breasted Fairy-wren White-browed Scrubwren Malurus elegans Gould, 1837Red-winged Fairy-wren S. f maculatus Gould, 1847 Malurus leucopterus Dumont, 1824 S. f balstoni Ogilvie-Grant, 1909 White-winged Fairy-wren Hylacola cauta Gould, 1843 M. 1. leucopterus Dumont, 1824 Shy Groundwren (Shy Heathwren M. 1. leuconotus Gould, 1865 30Calamanthus campestris (Gould, 1841) M.l. edouardi Campbell, 1901 Rufous Fieldwren Malurus melanocephalus (Latham, 1802) Pyrrholaemus brunneus Gould, 1841 Redthroat Red-backed Fairy-wren Smicrornis brevirostris (Gould, 1838) Weebill M. m. cruentatus Gould, 1839 Gerygone olivacea (Gould, 1838) Stipiturus malachurus (Shaw, 1798) White-throated Gerygone Southern Emu-wren G. o. rogersi Mathews, 1911 S. m. westernensis Campbell, 1912 Gerygone fusca (Gould, 1838) Western Gerygone S. m. hartogi Carter, 1916 G. f fusca (Gould, 1838) Stipiturus ruficeps Campbell, 1899 31Gerygone (jusca) mungi Mathews, 1912 Rufous-crowned Emu-wren Desert Gerygone

TJ Forming a superspecies withP. versicolor of eastern Australia and P. elegans of Indonesia.

2B Forming a superspecies with the Brown Treecreeper C. picumnus ofeastern Australia. '" Tentatively treated as conspecific with P. punctatus based on evidence of hybridisation in southeast Australia (Schodde and Mason, 1999).

30 Previously treated as a subspecies of Striated Fieldwren Calamanthus fuliginosus.

31 Closely related to the Western Gerygone and possibly only a well marked subspecies. Birds 85

Gerygone levigaster Gould, 1843 Mangrove Gerygone Lichenostomus ornatus (Gould, 1838) G. 1. levigaster Gould, 1843 Yellow-plumed Honeyeater Gerygone tenebrosa (Hall, 1901) Dusky Gerygone Lichenostomus penicillatus Gould, 183?, Gerygone magnirostris Gould, 1843 White-plumed Honeyeater Large-billed Gerygone Lichenostomus flavescens (Gould, 1840) G. m. magnirostris Gould, 1843 Yellow-tinted Honeyeater Gerygone chloronotus Gould, 1843 L. f flavescens (Gould, 1840) Green-backed Gerygone Lichenostomus cratitius (Gould, 1841) G. c. chloronotus Gould, 1843 Purple-gaped Honeyeater 32Acanthiza apicalis Gould, 1847 Lichenostomus leucotis (Latharn, 1802) Broad-tailed Thornbill (Inland Thornbill) White-eared Honeyeater Acanthiza robustirostris Milligan, 1903 L. 1. novaenorciae (Milligan, 1904) Slaty-backed Thornbill Lichenostomus unicolor (Gould, 1843) Acanthiza uropygialis Gould, 1838 White-gaped Honeyeater . Chestnut-romped Thornbill L. u. unicolor (Gould, 1843) Acanthiza iredalei Mathews, 1911 Melithreptus brevirostris (Vigors and Horsfield, 1827) Sarnphire Thornbill (Slender-billed Thornbill) Brown-headed Honeyeater A. i. iredalei Mathews, 1911 M. b. leucogenys Milligan, 1903 Acanthiza inornata Gould, 1841 Western Thornbill 37Melithreptus chloropsis Gould, 1848 Acanthiza chrysorrhoa (Quoy and Gaimard, 1830) Western White-naped Honeyeater Yellow-rumped Thornbill Melithreptus albogularis Gould, 1848 Aphelocephala leucopsis (Gould, 1841) White-throated Honeyeater Southern Whiteface Melithreptus gularis (Gould, 1837) A. 1. leucopsis (Gould, 1841) Black-chinned Honeyeater A. 1. castaneiventris (Milligan, 1903) M. g. laetior Gould, 1875 Aphelocephala nigricincta (North, 1895) Melithreptus cyanotis (Latharn, 1802) Banded Whiteface Blue-faced Honeyeater M. c. albipennis (Gould, 1840) Philemon citreogularis (Gould, 1837) Little Friarbird 33Family MELIPHAGIDAE P. c. citreogularis (Gould, 1837) Philemon argenticeps (Gould, 1840) Lichmera indistincta (Vigors and Horsfield, 1827) Silver-erowned Friarbird Brown Honeyeater P. a. argenticeps (Gould, 1840) L. i. indistincta (Vigors and Horsfield, 1827) 38Phylidonyris novaehollandiae (Latharn, 1790) 34Myzomela erythrocephala Gould, 1840 New Holland Honeyeater Red-headed Honeyeater Phylidonyris nigra (Bechstein, 1811) M. e. erythrocephala Gould, 1840 White-cheeked Honeyeater 35Certhionyx niger (Gould, 1838) Black Honeyeater P. n. gouldii (Schlegel, 1872) Certhionyx variegatus Lesson, 1830 Pied Honeyeater Phylidonyris albifrons (Gould, 1841) Meliphaga albilineata (White, 1917) White-lined White-fronted Honeyeater Honeyeater Phylidonyris melanops (Latharn, 1802) M. a. fordiana Schodde, 1989 Tawny-crowned Honeyeater 36Lichenostomus virescens (Vieillot, 1817) Acanthorhynchus superciliosus Gould, 1837 Singing Honeyeater Western Spinebill Lichenostomus keartlandi (North, 1895) Cissomela pectoralis (Gould, 1841) Grey-headed Honeyeater Banded Honeyeater Lichenostomus plumulus (Gould, 1841) Ramsayornis fasciatus (Gould, 1843) Grey-fronted Honeyeater Bar-breasted Honeyeater

II Forming a superspecies with the Brown Thornbill A. pusi//a ofTasmania and wetter parts ofeastern Australia.

33 Schodde (1975) split Meliphaga into three genera namely: Lichenostomus with 18 species in Australia, 4 in New Guinea (2 shared), 9 species occurring in Western Australia - virescens, keartlandi, plumulus, ornatus, penicillatus, f/avescens, cratitius, leucotis and unicolor; Meliphaga with 9 species in New Guinea, 4 in Australia (1 shared), only one albilineata occurring in Western Australia; and Xanthotis with 2 species in Australia and 2 in New Guinea (1 shared). While this arrangement is followed here the composition of genera and species within the Meliphagidae are I believe, still far from resolved. " Forming a superspecies withM. c1ammermani, M. kuehni and possibly M. vulnerata, all of the Lesser Sundas.

3S An isolated species, not certainly close to Pied Honeyeater.

36 Forming a superspecies with the Mangrove Honeyeater L. versicolor ofeastern Australia and New Guinea.

31 Forming a superspecies with Melithreptus lunatus of eastern Australia. 38 Comprisingwith the White-cheeked Honeyeater P. nigra the subgenus Meliomis. 86 R.E. Johnstone Conopophila rufogularis (Gould, 1843) Family CINCLOSOMATIDAE Rufous-throated Honeyeater Psophodes nigrogularis Gould, 1844 Lacustroica whitei North, 1910 Grey Honeyeater Western Whipbird Manorina flavigula (Gould, 1840) P. n. nigrogularis Gould, 1844 Yellow-throated Miner P. n. oberon Schodde and Mason, 1991 Acanthagenys rufogularis Gould, 1838 Psophodes occidentalis (Mathews, 1912) Spiny-cheeked Honeyeater Western Wedgebill (Chiming Wedgebill) 39Anthochaera lunulata Gould, 1838 Cinclosoma castanotus Gould, 1840 Western Little Wattlebird Chestnut Quail-thrush Anthochaera carunculata (White, 1790) 41Cinclosoma alisteri Mathews, 1910 Red Wattlebird Nullarbor Quail-thrush Epthianura albifrons Gardine and Selby, 1828) Cinclosoma castaneothorax Gould, 1848 White-fronted Chat Chestnut-breasted Quail-thrush Epthianura crocea CasteInau and Rarnsay, 1877 C. c. marginatum Sharpe, 1883 Yellow Chat Epthianura aurifrons Gould, 1838 ~range Chat Epthianura tricolor Gould, 1841 Crunson Chat Family NEOSITTIDAE Daphoenositta chrysoptera (Latharn, 1802) Family PETROICIDAE Varied Sittella D. c. pileata (Gould, 1838) Microeca flavigaster Gould, 1843 D. c.leucoptera (Gould, 1840) Lemon-breasted Flycatcher M. f. flavigaster Gould, 1843 M. f. tormenti Mathews, 1916 Family PACHYCEPHALIDAE Kimberley Flycatcher Falcunculus frontatus (Latham, 1802) Microecafascinans (Latharn, 1802) Jacky Winter Crested Shrike-tit M. f. fascinans (Latharn, 1802) F. f. leucogaster Gould, 1838 .. M. f. assimilis Gould, 1841 . F. whitei Carnpbell, 1910 Northern Shrike-tit Petroica multicolor (Gmelin, 1789) Scarlet Robm f. Oreoica gutturalis (Vigors and Horsfield, 1827) P. m. campbelli Sharpe, 1898 Crested Bellbird Petroica goodenovii (Vigors and Horsfield, 1827) Pachycephala melanura Gould, 1843 Red-capped Robin Mangrove Golden Whistler Petroica cucullata (Latharn, 1802) Hooded Robin P. m. melanura Gould, 1843 Eopsaltria australis (Shaw, 1790) Yellow Robin P. m. spinicauda (Pucheran, 1853) 4OE. a. griseogularis Gould, 1838 Pachycephala pectoralis (Latham, 1802) Western Yellow Robin Golden Whistler Eopsaltria georgiana (Quoy and Gaimard, 1830) P. p. fuliginosa Vigors and Horsfield, 1827 White-breasted Robin Pachycephala rufiventris (Latham, 1802) Eopsaltria pulverulenta (Bonaparte, 1850) Rufous Whistler Mangrove Robin P. r. rufiventris (Latham, 1802) Poecilodryas superciliosa (Gould, 1847) Pachycephala lanioides Gould, 1840 White-browed Robin White-breasted Whistler P. s. cerviniventris (Gould, 1858) Buff-sided Robin Pachycephala inornata Gould, 1841 Gilbert's Whistler Drymodes brunneopygia Gould, 1841 Colluricincla megarhyncha (Quoy and Gaimard, 1830) Southern Scrub-robin Little Shrike-thrush C. m. parvula Gould, 1845 Family POMATOSTOMIDAE Colluricincla woodwardi Hartert, 1905 Sandstone Shrike-thrush Pomatostomus temporalis (Vigors and Horsfield, Colluricincla harmonica (Latham, 1802) 1827) Grey-crowned Babbler Grey Shrike-thrush P. t. rubeculus Gould, 1839 C. h. brunnea Gould, 1841 Pomatostomus superciliosus (Vigors and Horsfield, C. h. kolichisi Ford, 1987 1827) White-browed Babbler C. h. rufiventris Gould, 1841

39 The eastern and western populations of Anthochaera chrysoptera (chrysoptera and lunulata respectively) were previously treated as conspecific. .. Sometimes treated as a full species E. griseogularis. " Sometimes treated as conspecific with Cinnamon Quail-thrush C. dnnamomeum but the two forms are best treated as allospecies.

, ~---- Birds 87 Family DICRURIDAE Family ORIOLIDAE Monarcha melanopsis (Vieillot, 1818) Oriolus flavocinctus (King, 1826) Yellow Oriole Black-faced Monarch Oriolus sagittatus (Latham, 1802) Myiagra ruficollis (Vieillot, 1818) Olive-backed Oriole Broad-billed Flycatcher Sphecotheres viridis Vieillot, 1816 Figbird M. r. mimikae Ogilvie-Grant, 1911 S. v.flaviventris Gould, 1850 Yellow Figbird Myiagra rubecula (Latham, 1802) Leaden Flycatcher M. r. concinna Gould, 1848 Myiagra cyanoleuca (Vieillot, 1818) Satin Flycatcher Family ARTAMIDAE Myiagra inquieta (Latham, 1802) Restless Flycatcher M. i. inquieta (Latham, 1802) Artamus leucorynchus (Linnaeus, 1771) M. i. nana Gould, 1870 White-breasted Woodswallow Myiagra alecto (Temminck, 1827) Shining Flycatcher A. 1. leucopygialis Gould, 1842 M. a. melvillensis (Mathews, 1912) Artamus personatus (Gould, 1841) 42Rhipidura dryas Gould, 1842 Masked Woodswallow Wood Fantail (Rufous Faintail) Artamus superciliosus (Gould, 1837) R. d. dryas Gould, 1842 White-browed Woodswallow 43Rhipidura phasiana De Vis, 1884 Artamus cinereus Vieillot, 1817 Mangrove Grey Fantail Black-faced Woodswallow Rhipidura fuliginosa Sparrman, 1787 Grey Fantail A. c. melanops Gould, 1865 R. f preissi Cabanis, 1851 Artamus cyanopterus (Latham, 1802) R. f alisteri Mathews, 1911 Dusky Woodswallow 44Rhipidura (juliginosa) albicauda North, 1895 Artamus minor Vieillot, 1817 Little Woodswallow White-tailed Fantail Rhipidura leucophrys (Latham, 1802) Willie Wagtail R. 1. leucophrys (Latham, 1802) Family CRACTICIDAE Rhipidura rufiventris (Vieillot, 1818) Northern Fantail R. r. isura Gould, 1841 Cracticus quoyi (Lesson-and Garnot, 1827) Grallina cyanoleuca (Latham, 1802) Magpie-lark Black Butcherbird Dicrurus bracteatus (Gould, 1842) Spangled Drongo C. q. spaldingi Ramsay, 1878 D. b. bracteatus (Gould, 1842) Cracticus torquatus (Latham, 1802) Grey Butcherbird C. t. torquatus (Latham, 1802) C. t. latens Ford, 1979 Family CAMPEPHAGIDAE Silver-backed Butcherbird Coracina novaehollandiae (Gmelin, 1789) Cracticus nigrogularis (Gould, 1837) Pied Butcherbird Black-faced Cuckoo-shrike 46Cracticus tibicen (Latham, 1802) Australian Magpie C. n. novaehollandiae (Gmelin, 1789) C. t. tibicen (Latham, 1802) C. n. subpallida Mathews, 1912 C. t. dorsalis (Campbell, 1894) Coracina papuensis (Gmelin, 1788) Little Cuckoo- Strepera versicolor (Latham, 1802) Grey Currawong shrike (White-bellied Cuckoo-shrike) S. v. plumbea Gould, 1846 C. p. hypoleuca (Gould, 1848) White-breasted Cuckoo-shrike Coracina tenuirostris Gardine, 1831) Cicadabird Family CORVIDAE C. t. melvillensis Mathews, 1912 Coracina maxima (Riippell, 1839) [Corvus splendens Vieillot, 1817 House Crow] Ground Cuckoo-shrike Corvus orru Bonaparte, 1850 Torresian Crow 45Lalage tricolor (Swainson, 1825) C. o. cecilae Mathews, 1912 Western Crow White-winged Triller Corvus bennetti North, 1901 Little Crow Lalage leucomela (Vigors and Horsfield, 1827) Corvus coronoides Vigors and Horsfield, 1827 Varied Triller Australian Raven L. 1. rufiventris (Gray, 1846) c. c. perplexus Mathews, 1912

42 Most recent workers have treated Rhipidura dryas as a subspecies of the Rufous Faintail R. rufifrons. However rufifrons and dryas do not intergrade in north Queensland and are treated here as allospecies in view of their marked differences in habitat and morphology. Both R. dryas and R. rufifrons forming a superspecies with several east Indonesian species. " Forming a superspecies with the Grey Fantail and possibly the White-tailed Fantail. .. Oosely related to the Grey Fantail and possibly only a well marked subspecies. " Forming a superspecies with L. sueurii of Indonesia. .. Formerly in genus Gymnorhina. 88 R.E. Johnstone

Family PTILONORHYNCHIDAE Family ZOSTEROPIDAE Ptilonorhynchus maculatus (Gould, 1837) Zosterops luteus Gould, 1843 Yellow White-eye Spotted Bowerbird Zosterops lateralis (Latham, 1802) 47P. m. guttatus (Gould, 1862) Grey-breasted White-eye (Silvereye) Western Bowerbird Z. 1. gouldi Bonaparte, 1850 Ptilonorhynchus nuchalis Jardine and Selby, 1830 Great Bowerbird P. n. nuchalis Jardine and Selby, 1830 Family SYLVIIDAE Acrocephalus australis (Gould, 1838) Family MUSCICAPIDAE Australian Reed Warbler A. a. gouldi (Dubois, 1901) Turdus merula (Linnaeus, 1758) Eurasian Blackbird Acrocephalus orientalis (Temminck and Schlegel, (Common Blackbird) 1847) Oriental Reed Warbler [T. m. merula (Linnaeus, 1758)] Phylloscopus borealis (Blasius, 1858) Arctic Warbler Muscicapa sibirica Gmelin, 1789 Sooty Flycatcher Megalurus timoriensis Wallace, 1864 (Dark-sided Flycatcher) Tawny Grassbird [M. s. sibirica Gmelin, 1789] M. t. alisteri Mathews, 1912 Ficedula narcissina (Temminck, 1835) Megalurus gramineus (Gould, 1845) Little Grassbird Narcissus Flycatcher M. g. gramineus (Gould, 1845) F. n. narcissina (Temminck, 1835) Eremiornis carteri North, 1900 Spinifex-bird Ficedula cyanomelana (Temminck, 1829) Cincloramphus mathewsi Iredale, 1911 Blue and White Flycatcher Rufous Songlark F. c. cyanomelana (Temminck, 1829) Cincloramphus cruralis (Vigors and Horsfield, 1827) Brown Songlark Cisticola exilis (Vigors and Horsfield, 1827) Family STURNIDAE Golden-headed Cisticola Sturnus vulgaris Linnaeus, 1758 Common Starling C. e. exilis (Vigors and Horsfield, 1827) S. v. vulgaris Linnaeus, 1758 Cisticola juncidis (Rafinesque, 1810) Zitting Cisticola Acridotheres tristis (Linnaeus, 1766) Common Myna C. j. fuscicapilla Wallace, 1864 [A. t. tristis (Linnaeus, 1766)]

Family ALAUDIDAE Family HIRUNDINIDAE Mirafra javanica Horsfield, 1821 Singing Bushlark Cheramoeca leucosternus (Gould, 1841) White-backed M. j. horsfieldii Gould, 1847 Swallow Hirundo rustica Linnaeus, 1758 Barn Swallow H. r. gutturalis Scopoli, 1786 Family DICAEIDAE Hirundo tahitica Gmelin, 1789 Pacific Swallow Hirundo neoxena Gould, 1842 Welcome Swallow Dicaeum hirundinaceum (Shaw, 1792) Mistletoebird Hirundo daurica Laxmann, 1769 D. h. hirundinaceum (Shaw, 1792) Red-rumped Swallow H. d. japonica Temminck and Schlegel1847 Hirundo nigricans Vieillot, 1817 Tree Martin Family PASSERIDAE H. n. nigricans Vieillot, 1817 Passer domesticus (Linnaeus, 1758) House Sparrow Hirundo ariel (Gould, 1842) Fairy Martin P. d. domesticus (Linnaeus, 1758) Passer montanus (Linnaeus,1758) Eurasian Tree Sparrow Family PYCNONOTIDAE Taeniopygia guttata (Vieillot, 1817) Zebra Finch Pycnonotus jocosus (Linnaeus, 1758) Red-whiskered T. g. castanotis (Gould, 1837) Bulbul Taeniopygia bichenovii (Vigors and Horsfield, 1827) [P. j. jocusus (Linnaeus, 1758)] Double-barred Finch

" Sometimes treated as a full species P. guttatus. ~--_-.--- Birds 89

T. b. annulosa (Gould, 1840) Heteromunia pectoralis (Gould, 1841) Poephila acuticauda (Gould, 1840) Long-tailed Finch Pictorella Mannikin Poephila personata Gould, 1842 Masked Finch Erythrura gouldiae (Gould, 1844) Gouldian Finch P. p. personata Gould, 1842 Neochmia phaeton (Hombron and Jacquinot, 1841) Crimson Finch Family MOTACILLIDAE N. p. phaeton (Hombron and Jacquinot, 1841) Anthus cervinus (pallas, 1811) Red-throated Pipit Neochmia ruficauda (Gould, 1837) Star Finch 48Anthus australis Vieillot, 1818 Australian Pipit N. r. clarescens (Hartert, 1899) A. a. australis Vieillot, 1818 Neochmia temporalis (Latham, 1802) Motacilla flava Linnaeus, 1758 Yellow Wagtail Red-browed Finch M. f simillima Hartert, 1905 N. t. temporalis (Latham, 1802) M. f taivana (Swinhoe, 1863) 5tagonopleura oculata (Quoy and Gaimard, 1830) Motacilla alba Linnaeus, 1758 . White Wagtail Red-eared Firetail M. a. ocularis Swinhoe, 1860 Emblema pictum Gould, 1842 Painted Finch M. a. lugens Cloger, 1829 Lonchura pallida (Wallace, 1863) Pale-headed Munia Lonchura flaviprymna (Gould, 1845) Family FRINGILLIDAE Yellow-romped Mannikin Lonchura castaneothorax (Gould, 1837) Carduelis carduelis (Linnaeus, 1758) Goldfinch Chestnut-breasted Mannikin (European Goldfinch) L. c. castaneothorax (Gould, 1837) [e. c. britannica (Hartert, 1903)]

.. Previously included in the superspecies Anthus novaezeelandiae (Gmelin, 1789). 90 R.E. Johnstone

INDEX OF FAMILIES

Acanthizidae 84 Maluridae 84 Accipitridae 78 Megapodiidae 75 Aegothelidae 83 Meliphagidae 85 Alcedinidae 83 Meropidae 83 Alaudidae 88 Motacillidae 89 Anatidae 76 Muscicapidae 88 Anhingidae 77 Neosittidae 86 Apodidae 83 Oriolidae 87 Ardeidae 78 Otididae 79 Artamidae 87 Pachycephalidae 86 Atrichornithidae 84 Pardalotidae 84 Burhinidae 80 Passeridae 88 Carnpephagidae 87 Pelecanidae 78 Caprimulgidae 83 Pelecanoididae 77 Casuariidae 75 Petroicidae 86 Centropodidae 83 Phaethontidae 77 Charadriidae 80 Phalacrocoracidae 77 Cinclosomatidae 86 Phasianidae 75 Ciconiidae 78 Pittidae 84 Climacteridae 84 Podargidae 83 Columbidae 81 Podicipedidae 76 Coraciidae 83 Pomatostomidae 86 Corvidae 87 Procellariidae 76 Cracticidae 87 Psittacidae 82 Cuculidae 82 Ptilonorhynchidae 88 Dasyornithidae 84 Pycnonotidae 88 Dicaeidae 88 Rallidae 79 Dicruridae 87 Recorvirostridae 80 Diomedeidae 77 Rostratulidae 80 Falconidae 79 Scolopacidae 79 Fregatidae 78 Spheniscidae 76 Fringillidae 89 Strigidae 83 Glareolidae 81 Sturnidae 88 Gruidae 79 Sulidae 77 Haematopodidae 80 Sylviidae 88 Halcyonidae 83 Threskiornithidae 78 Hirundinidae 88 Turnicidae 79 Hydrobatidae 77 Tytonidae 83 Jacanidae 80 Zosteropidae 88 Laridae 81