“Sousveillance”
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Eyetap Devices for Augmented, Deliberately Diminished, Or Otherwise Altered Visual Perception of Rigid Planar Patches of Real-Wo
Steve Mann EyeTap Devicesfor Augmented, [email protected] Deliberately Diminished,or James Fung Otherwise AlteredVisual [email protected] University ofToronto Perceptionof Rigid Planar 10King’ s College Road Patches ofReal-World Scenes Toronto,Canada Abstract Diminished reality is as important as augmented reality, and bothare possible with adevice called the RealityMediator. Over thepast twodecades, we have designed, built, worn,and tested many different embodiments ofthis device in thecontext of wearable computing. Incorporated intothe Reality Mediator is an “EyeTap”system, which is adevice thatquanti es and resynthesizes light thatwould otherwise pass through one or bothlenses ofthe eye(s) ofa wearer. Thefunctional principles of EyeTap devices are discussed, in detail. TheEyeTap diverts intoa spatial measure- ment system at least aportionof light thatwould otherwise pass through thecen- ter ofprojection ofat least one lens ofan eye ofa wearer. TheReality Mediator has at least one mode ofoperation in which itreconstructs these rays oflight, un- der thecontrol of a wearable computer system. Thecomputer system thenuses new results in algebraic projective geometry and comparametric equations toper- form head tracking, as well as totrack motionof rigid planar patches present in the scene. We describe howour tracking algorithm allows an EyeTap toalter thelight from aparticular portionof the scene togive rise toa computer-controlled, selec- tively mediated reality. Animportant difference between mediated reality and aug- mented reality includes theability tonot just augment butalso deliberately diminish or otherwise alter thevisual perception ofreality. For example, diminished reality allows additional information tobe inserted withoutcausing theuser toexperience information overload. Our tracking algorithm also takes intoaccount the effects of automatic gain control,by performing motionestimation in bothspatial as well as tonal motioncoordinates. -
Augmented Reality Glasses State of the Art and Perspectives
Augmented Reality Glasses State of the art and perspectives Quentin BODINIER1, Alois WOLFF2, 1(Affiliation): Supelec SERI student 2(Affiliation): Supelec SERI student Abstract—This paper aims at delivering a comprehensive and detailled outlook on the emerging world of augmented reality glasses. Through the study of diverse technical fields involved in the conception of augmented reality glasses, it will analyze the perspectives offered by this new technology and try to answer to the question : gadget or watershed ? Index Terms—augmented reality, glasses, embedded electron- ics, optics. I. INTRODUCTION Google has recently brought the attention of consumers on a topic that has interested scientists for thirty years : wearable technology, and more precisely ”smart glasses”. Howewer, this commercial term does not fully take account of the diversity and complexity of existing technologies. Therefore, in these lines, we wil try to give a comprehensive view of the state of the art in different technological fields involved in this topic, Fig. 1. Different kinds of Mediated Reality for example optics and elbedded electronics. Moreover, by presenting some commercial products that will begin to be released in 2014, we will try to foresee the future of smart augmented reality devices and the technical challenges they glasses and their possible uses. must face, which include optics, electronics, real time image processing and integration. II. AUGMENTED REALITY : A CLARIFICATION There is a common misunderstanding about what ”Aug- III. OPTICS mented Reality” means. Let us quote a generally accepted defi- Optics are the core challenge of augmented reality glasses, nition of the concept : ”Augmented reality (AR) is a live, copy, as they need displaying information on the widest Field Of view of a physical, real-world environment whose elements are View (FOV) possible, very close to the user’s eyes and in a augmented (or supplemented) by computer-generated sensory very compact device. -
Mutual Watching and Resistance to Mass Surveillance After Snowden
Media and Communication (ISSN: 2183-2439) 2015, Volume 3, Issue 3, Pages 12-25 Doi: 10.17645/mac.v3i3.277 Article “Veillant Panoptic Assemblage”: Mutual Watching and Resistance to Mass Surveillance after Snowden Vian Bakir School of Creative Studies and Media, Bangor University, Bangor, LL57 2DG, UK; E-Mail: [email protected] Submitted: 9 April 2015 | In Revised Form: 16 July 2015 | Accepted: 4 August 2015 | Published: 20 October 2015 Abstract The Snowden leaks indicate the extent, nature, and means of contemporary mass digital surveillance of citizens by their intelligence agencies and the role of public oversight mechanisms in holding intelligence agencies to account. As such, they form a rich case study on the interactions of “veillance” (mutual watching) involving citizens, journalists, intelli- gence agencies and corporations. While Surveillance Studies, Intelligence Studies and Journalism Studies have little to say on surveillance of citizens’ data by intelligence agencies (and complicit surveillant corporations), they offer insights into the role of citizens and the press in holding power, and specifically the political-intelligence elite, to account. Atten- tion to such public oversight mechanisms facilitates critical interrogation of issues of surveillant power, resistance and intelligence accountability. It directs attention to the veillant panoptic assemblage (an arrangement of profoundly une- qual mutual watching, where citizens’ watching of self and others is, through corporate channels of data flow, fed back into state surveillance of citizens). Finally, it enables evaluation of post-Snowden steps taken towards achieving an equiveillant panoptic assemblage (where, alongside state and corporate surveillance of citizens, the intelligence-power elite, to ensure its accountability, faces robust scrutiny and action from wider civil society). -
Architectural Model for an Augmented Reality Based Mobile Learning Application Oluwaranti, A
Journal of Multidisciplinary Engineering Science and Technology (JMEST) ISSN: 3159-0040 Vol. 2 Issue 7, July - 2015 Architectural Model For An Augmented Reality Based Mobile Learning Application Oluwaranti, A. I., Obasa A. A., Olaoye A. O. and Ayeni S. Department of Computer Science and Engineering Obafemi Awolowo University Ile-Ife, Nigeria [email protected] Abstract— The work developed an augmented students. It presents a model to utilize an Android reality (AR) based mobile learning application for based smart phone camera to scan 2D templates and students. It implemented, tested and evaluated the overlay the information in real time. The model was developed AR based mobile learning application. implemented and its performance evaluated with This is with the view to providing an improved and respect to its ease of use, learnability and enhanced learning experience for students. effectiveness. The augmented reality system uses the marker- II. LITERATURE REVIEW based technique for the registration of virtual Augmented reality, commonly referred to as AR contents. The image tracking is based on has garnered significant attention in recent years. This scanning by the inbuilt camera of the mobile terminology has been used to describe the technology device; while the corresponding virtual behind the expansion or intensification of the real augmented information is displayed on its screen. world. To “augment reality” is to “intensify” or “expand” The recognition of scanned images was based on reality itself [4]. Specifically, AR is the ability to the Vuforia Cloud Target Recognition System superimpose digital media on the real world through (VCTRS). The developed mobile application was the screen of a device such as a personal computer or modeled using the Object Oriented modeling a smart phone, to create and show users a world full of techniques. -
The Use of Smartglasses in Everyday Life
University of Erfurt Faculty of Philosophy The Use of Smartglasses in Everyday Life A Grounded Theory Study Dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Dr. phil.) at the Faculty of Philosophy of the University of Erfurt submitted by Timothy Christoph Kessler from Munich November 2015 URN: urn:nbn:de:gbv:547-201600175 First Assessment: Prof. Dr. Joachim R. Höflich Second Assessment: Prof. Dr. Dr. Castulus Kolo Date of publication: 18th of April 2016 Abstract We live in a mobile world. Laptops, tablets and smartphones have never been as ubiquitous as they have been today. New technologies are invented on a daily basis, lead- ing to the altering of society on a macro level, and to the change of the everyday life on a micro level. Through the introduction of a new category of devices, wearable computers, we might experience a shift away from the traditional smartphone. This dissertation aims to examine the topic of smartglasses, especially Google Glass, and how these wearable devices are embedded into the everyday life and, consequently, into a society at large. The current research models which are concerned with mobile communication are only partly applicable due to the distinctive character of smartglasses. Furthermore, new legal and privacy challenges for smartglasses arise, which are not taken into account by ex- isting theories. Since the literature on smartglasses is close to non-existent, it is argued that new models need to be developed in order to fully understand the impact of smart- glasses on everyday life and society as a whole. -
Are Wearables Good Or Bad for Society? an Exploration of Societal Benefits, Risks and Consequences of Augmented Reality Smart Glasses
Are Wearables Good or Bad for Society? An Exploration of Societal Benefits, Risks and Consequences of Augmented Reality Smart Glasses. Daniel W.E. Hein, University of Bamberg Jennah Jodoin, University of Michigan-Dearborn Philipp A. Rauschnabel, University of Michigan-Dearborn Bjoern S. Ivens, University of Bamberg Abstract: Recent market research forecasts predict that a new form of wearable devices will soon influence the media landscape: Augmented Reality Smart Glasses. While prior research highlights numerous potentials in personal and professional settings of smart glasses, this technology has also triggered several controversies in public discussions, for example, the risk of violating privacy and copyright laws. Yet, little research addresses the questions of whether smart glasses are good or bad for societies, and if yes, why. This study conducts exploratory research to contribute to narrowing this gap. Based on a survey among consumers, we identify several societal benefits and risks that determine consumers’ evaluation of the anticipated and desired success of smart glasses. These findings lead to numerous important implications for consumers, scholars, managers, and policy makers. Introduction A recent study by Goldman Sachs (2016) asserts that Augmented reality (AR) smart glasses are the latest step in an evolution of digitization of reality and a large developing future market. What began with stationary computers that were temporarily online to receive and display information to their mostly business users in the last century turned into a network dominated by user-generated content (UGC), with users being mainly consumers that are permanently online and access the internet through a multitude of devices (Hennig-Thurau et al., 2010). -
Yonghao Yu. Research on Augmented Reality Technology and Build AR Application on Google Glass
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Carolina Digital Repository Yonghao Yu. Research on Augmented Reality Technology and Build AR Application on Google Glass. A Master’s Paper for the M.S. in I.S degree. April, 2015. 42 pages. Advisor: Brad Hemminger This article introduces augmented reality technology, some current applications, and augmented reality technology for wearable devices. Then it introduces how to use NyARToolKit as a software library to build AR applications. The article also introduces how to design an AR application in Google Glass. The application can recognize two different images through NyARToolKit build-in function. After find match pattern files, the application will draw different 3D graphics according to different input images. Headings: Augmented Reality Google Glass Application - Design Google Glass Application - Development RESEARCH ON AUGMENT REALITY TECHNOLOGY AND BUILD AR APPLICATION ON GOOGLE GLASS by Yonghao Yu A Master’s paper submitted to the faculty of the School of Information and Library Science of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Information Science. Chapel Hill, North Carolina April 2015 Approved by ____________________________________ Brad Hemminger 1 Table of Contents Table of Contents ................................................................................................................ 1 1. Introduction .................................................................................................................... -
The Future of Smart Glasses
The Future of Smart Glasses Forward-looking areas of research Prepared for Synoptik Foundation May 2014 Brian Due, PhD. Nextwork A/S Contents Smart&Glasses&and&Digitised&Vision&.....................................................................................................&3! 1.0&The&basis&of&the&project&...............................................................................................................................&4! 1.1!Contents!of!the!project!................................................................................................................................................!4! 2.0&The&historic&development&of&smart&glasses&..........................................................................................&5! 3.0&The&technological&conditions&and&functionalities,&and&various&products&..................................&8! 4.0&The&likely&scope&of&smart&glasses&within&the&next&3H5&years&...........................................................&9! 5.0&Likely&applications&of&smart&glasses&.....................................................................................................&12! 5.1!Specific!work6related!applications!......................................................................................................................!12! 5.2!Specific!task6related!applications!........................................................................................................................!12! 5.3!Self6tracking!applications!........................................................................................................................................!13! -
University of Southampton Research Repository
University of Southampton Research Repository Copyright © and Moral Rights for this thesis and, where applicable, any accompanying data are retained by the author and/or other copyright owners. A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge. This thesis and the accompanying data cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the copyright holder/s. The content of the thesis and accompanying research data (where applicable) must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holder/s. When referring to this thesis and any accompanying data, full bibliographic details must be given, e.g. Thesis: M Zinopoulou (2019) " A Framework for improving Engagement and the Learning Experience through Emerging Technologies ", University of Southampton, The Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences. School of Electronics and Computer Science (ECS), PhD Thesis, 119. Data: M Zinopoulou (2019) "A Framework for improving Engagement and the Learning Experience through Emerging Technologies" The Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences School of Electronics and Computer Science (ECS) A Framework for improving Engagement and the Learning Experience through Emerging Technologies by Maria Zinopoulou Supervisors: Dr. Gary Wills and Dr. Ashok Ranchhod Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy November 2019 University of Southampton Abstract Advancements in Information Technology and Communication have brought about a new connectivity between the digital world and the real world. Emerging Technologies such as Virtual Reality (VR), Augmented Reality (AR), and Mixed Reality (MR) and their combination as Extended Reality (XR), Artificial Intelligence (AI), the Internet of Things (IoT) and Blockchain Technology are changing the way we view our world and have already begun to impact many aspects of daily life. -
Veillance and Reciprocal Transparency: Surveillance Versus Sousveillance, AR Glass, Lifeglogging, and Wearable Computing
Veillance and Reciprocal Transparency: Surveillance versus Sousveillance, AR Glass, Lifeglogging, and Wearable Computing Steve Mann SurvVeillanCeNTRETM, 330 Dundas Street West, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5T 1G5 Abstract—This paper explores the interplay between surveil- lance cameras (cameras affixed to large-entities such as buildings) and sousveillance cameras (cameras affixed to small entities such as individual people), laying contextual groundwork for the social implications of Augmented/Augmediated Reality, Digital Eye Glass, and the wearable camera as a vision and visual memory aid in everyday life. We now live in a society in which we have both “the few watching the many” (surveillance), AND “the many watching the few” (sousveillance). Widespread sousveillance will cause a transition from our one-sided surveillance society back to a situation akin to olden times when the sheriff could see what everyone was doing AND everyone could see what the sheriff was doing. We name this neutral form of watching “veillance” — from the French word “veiller” which means “to watch”. Veillance is a broad concept that includes both surveillance (oversight) and sousveillance (undersight), as well as dataveillance, uberveillance, etc.. Fig. 1. Many business establishments prohibit cameras, e.g.: “NO It follows that: (1) sousveillance (undersight) is necessary CELL PHONES”; “NO CAMERAS”; “NO CELL PHONE IN STORE to a healthy, fair, and balanced society whenever surveillance PLEASE!”; and “No video or photo taking”, while at the same time (oversight) is already being used; and (2) sousveillance has nu- requiring customers to bring and use cameras in order to read QR codes merous moral, ethical, socioeconomic, humanistic/humanitarian, for pre-purchase product information. -
Sousveillance and the Social Implications of Point of View Technologies in the Law Enforcement Sector
Sixth Workshop on the Social Implications of National Security Sousveillance and the Social Implications of Point of View Technologies in the Law Enforcement Sector By Jesse.macadangdang (Own work) [Public domain] via Wikimedia Commons “...Rather than tolerating terrorism as a feedback means to restore the balance, an alternative framework would be to build a stable system to begin with, e.g. a system that is self-balancing. Such a society may be built with sousveillance (inverse surveillance) as a way to balance the increasing (and increasingly one-sided) surveillance.” Steve Mann (2002) http://wearcam.org/sousveillance.htm 2 Venue The University of Sydney, New Law Building, Level 4, Faculty Common Room, Eastern Avenue, Sydney Australia Date 22nd February 2012 Time 9:15 AM - 5:30 PM Sponsors Sponsored by the Research Network for a Secure Australia (RNSA). Co-sponsored by the Centre for Transnational Crime Prevention (CTCP) and the Institute for Innovation in Business and Social Research (IIBSOR) of the University of Wollongong (UOW). Workshop Description Policing today has become a high-tech affair; especially in the provision of incident event tracking and reporting systems increasingly being used to provide evidence in a court of law. These in-car video (ICV) and body worn recording systems are said to increase convictions and eliminate false claims made by defendants, providing documentary support to police officers and their associated actions in an incident. But today, new technologies such as smart phones equipped with cameras and global positioning system chipsets can also be found in the hands of the everyday citizen, used to capture everyday happenings and distributed to social networks with global reach. -
Sousveillance (Undersight), and Metaveillance (Seeing Sight Itself)
2016 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops Surveillance (oversight), Sousveillance (undersight), and Metaveillance (seeing sight itself) Steve Mann Humanistic Intelligence Institute, Veillance Foundation 330 Dundas Street West, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5T 1G5 http://www.eyetap.org Abstract Surveillance is an established practice that generally involves fixed cameras attached to fixed inanimate ob- jects, or PTZ (Pan Tilt Zoom) cameras at a fixed po- sition. Sur-veillance only provides part of the veillance story, and often only captures a partial truth. Fur- ther advances in miniaturization, together with wireless communication technologies, are giving rise to kine- matic veillance (“kineveillance”): wearable, portable, and mobile cameras, as well as unpersoned aerial ve- hicles (UAVs). These additional veillances give us a more complete picture: multiple viewpoints from mul- Figure 1. “Stealth” streetlight camera by Apollo, and tiple entities bring us closer to the truth. In contrast “Embedded Invisible PTZ IP Camera”byOWLSAG. to the extensive mathematical and conceptual frame- Here surveillance cameras are concealed inside ordinary ob- work developed around surveillance (e.g. background jects like streetlights, which can be placed throughout en- subtraction, frame-differencing, etc.), now that surveil- tire neighbourhoods or cities, for complete surveillance, lance is no longer the only veillance, we need new math- while themselves remaining hidden. ematical and conceptual understandings of imaging and image processing. More importantly we need new tools cealment. In addition to camera domes, concealment for understanding the many veillances and how they is also achieved by hiding cameras inside other objects interact. Therefore this paper introduces metaveillance such as streetlights (Fig.