DOCSLIB.ORG

The University of Toledo

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The University of Toledo A Dissertation Entitled Influence of Biofilm on Disinfection Byproducts Formation and Decay in a Simulated Water Distribution System by Zhikang Wang Submitted to the Graduate Faculty as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Doctor of Philosophy Degree in Engineering _________________________________________ Dr. Youngwoo Seo, Committee Chair _________________________________________ Dr. Isabel C. Escobar, Committee Member _________________________________________ Dr. Cyndee L. Gruden, Committee Member _________________________________________ Dr. Leif Hanson, Committee Member _________________________________________ Dr. Dong-Shik Kim, Committee Member _________________________________________ Dr. Patricia R. Komuniecki, Dean College of Graduate Studies The University of Toledo August 2013 Copyright 2013, Zhikang Wang This document is copyrighted material. Under copyright law, no parts of this document may be reproduced without the expressed permission of the author. An Abstract of Influence of Biofilm on Disinfection Byproducts Formation and Decay in a Simulated Water Distribution System by Zhikang Wang Submitted to the Graduate Faculty as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Doctor of Philosophy Degree in Engineering The University of Toledo August 2013 Since biofilm has been implicated in the deterioration water quality and the increase of public health risks, various efforts have been made to minimize biofilm regrowth in drinking water distribution systems. Although traditional water treatment processes can greatly remove a large fraction of disinfection by-products (DBPs) precursors, a small portion of natural organic matter (NOM) may still enter water distribution systems. Untreated NOM can serve as nutrients for biofilm growth while also consuming maintained disinfection residuals, which can result in microbial contamination in drinking water. To suppress biofilm formation, water utilities maintain disinfectant residuals for the distribution system. However, upon disinfectant addition, toxic DBPs are inevitably produced. Biofilm and its secreted extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) produce toxic DBPs, due to the very similar chemical composition compared to traditional investigated DBP precursors. iii This research investigated the role of biofilm on DBP formation and decay in simulated drinking water distribution systems with four objectives. The first objective was to investigate the influence of chemical composition and quantity of bacterial EPS on the biosorption of NOM in drinking water. Results indicated that both protein and polysaccharide based EPS adsorbed existing NOM. Biosorption capacity was mainly determined by divalent ion (Ca2+ and Mg2+) concentrations. Mechanistically, the presence of a diffuse electrical double layer inhibited NOM biosorption by potential energy barriers, however, presence of divalent ions in the aquatic environment enhanced biosorption processes, permitting functional group interactions between EPS and NOM. In addition, hydrophobic interactions, EPS characteristics and quantity can also be used to explain biosorption results. Bridging between hydrophilic carboxyl groups on alginate EPS and NOM appeared to be the dominant form of biosorption, while hydrophobic interactions enhanced biosorption for protein-based EPS. The second and third objectives of this study were to investigate the role of biofilm EPS on the formation of both carbonaceous DBPs (C-DBPs) and nitrogenous DBPs (N-DBPs). DBP yield (formation potential) tests of both bacterial culture and extracted EPS indicated that the chemical composition and quality of EPS played a critical role for DBP formation. In general, protein based EPS possessed higher DBP yields compared to polysaccharide based EPS, especially for N-DBPs. To further determine the relative contribution of each biomolecule in EPS to DBP formation and speciation, detailed chemical compositions of biomolecules in EPS (amino acids, polysaccharide monomers, and fatty acids) from both pure culture and mixed species biofilm isolated from a water utility were analyzed. DBP yield results from both extracted iv EPS and EPS surrogates (amino acids and polysaccharide monomers) indicated that proteins in EPS have a greater impact on DBP formation, where amino acids containing unsaturated organic carbon or conjugated bonds in R-group produced higher amount of DBPs. However, DBP yields of polysaccharide monomers were lower than those of tested amino acids groups and the DBP yields were not significantly influenced by their chemical structures. The last objective of this study was to understand the influence of biofilm on DBP formation and decay in a simulated water distribution system using lab scale annular -1 reactors. For Cl2 disinfection at 0.5 mg L Cl2 residual concentration, no obvious DBP formation was observed. This was mainly due to the combination of low DBP formation, DBP volatilization, and biodegradation. However, when high Cl2 residuals were maintained, the formations of both C-DBPs and N-DBPs increased dramatically beyond the DBP formation potential of the feed solution. This suggests higher Cl2 residual not only reacted with humic acid (HA) in feed solution but also reacted with biofilm and produced extra DBPs, especially the high formation of N-DBPs (haloacetonitriles). For NH2Cl disinfection, the DBP levels were much lower than those of Cl2 disinfection and differences in DBP formation were not significant under different NH2Cl residual concentrations. Combined results suggested that biofilm can impact both C-DBP and N-DBP formation and decay in water distribution systems, where biomolecules in EPS affect DBP speciation. v This work is dedicated to all of my family members. I appreciate that they have trusted, supported and encouraged me all this time. I am grateful for many comforts in their life they sacrificed for me. With eternal love and respect to them, the life principles they believe in have been an endless source of inspiration for me. Acknowledgements I would like to express sincere acknowledgements to following individuals for their valuable contributions in the completion of my dissertation: I really appreciate my Ph.D advisor, Dr. Youngwoo Seo, for his great patience, guidance, and encouragement which turned out to this value-added scientific research. I am also grateful to all of my committee members – Dr. Escobar, Dr. Gruden, Dr. Hanson, and Dr. Kim. They gave me so many helpful suggestions and feedback in order to finish my research dissertation. Dr. Junsung Kim, who gave me instructions and guidance on disinfection by products (DBP) analysis, which allowed me quickly become acquainted with DBP measurement. Because of your patient gudiances, I could move in the right direction. Special thanks to Ms. Jinny Johnson, Dr. Onekyun Choi, Heng Shao, Christopher M. Hessler, and Kimberly M. Coburn. I really appreciate your generous help and suggestions during my Ph.D research. I also thank my lab colleagues Mau-yi Wu, Zongsu Wei, Xue Ding, Varun Raj Sendamangalam, Qiuhong Jia, Emma Boff, Erin Nichols, Zheng Xue, Steven D. Cummins, Katie A. Burns, and Yahya Mohd Khan. I really enjoy the time I spent with you. Many thanks to the Chemical and Environmental Engineering faculty for their valuable help and suggestions throughout my Ph.D study. vii Table of Contents Abstract .............................................................................................................................. iii Acknowledgements ........................................................................................................... vii Table of Contents ............................................................................................................. viii List of Tables ............................................................................................................... xviii List of Figures ....................................................................................................................xx List of Abbreviations ..................................................................................................... xxvi List of Symbols ................................................................................................................xxx 1 Introduction .................................................................................................................. 31 1.1 Disinfection By-products ...................................................................................... 31 1.2 Natural Organic Matter ......................................................................................... 33 1.3 Biofilm in Water Distribution Systems................................................................... 35 1.4 DBP Formation and Decay in the Water Distribution System ............................... 37 2 Literature Review ........................................................................................................ 41 2.1 Removal of Various DBP Precursors in Drinking Water ....................................... 41 2.1.1 NOM Removal ................................................................................................. 41 viii 2.1.2 Algal Organic Matter (AOM) Removal ........................................................... 43 2.2 Disinfectants and Disinfection Techniques ............................................................ 44 2.2.1 Chlorine............................................................................................................ 44
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Hiper® Protein Estimation Teaching Kit (Quantitative)
    U n z i p p i n g G e n e s P r o d u c t I n f o r m a t i o n HiPer® Protein Estimation Teaching Kit (Quantitative) Product Code: HTBC005 Number of experiments that can be performed: 5 Duration of Experiment Protocol Biuret assay: 1 hour Folin – Lowry Assay: 2 hours Bradford assay: 1 hour Storage Instructions: The kit is stable for 12 months from the date of manufacture Store all the kit contents as specified in the brochure 1 Registered Office : Commercial Office 23, Vadhani Industrial Estate,LBS Marg, A-516, Swastik Disha Business Park, Tel: 00-91-22-6147 1919 15 WHO Mumbai - 400 086, India. Via Vadhani Indl. Est., LBS Marg, Fax: 6147 1920, 2500 5764 GMP Tel. : (022) 4017 9797 / 2500 1607 Mumbai - 400 086, India Email : [email protected] CERTIFIED Fax : (022) 2500 2286 Web : www.himedialabs.com The information contained herein is believed to be accurate and complete. However no warranty or guarantee whatsoever is made or is to be implied with respect to such information or with respect to any product, method or apparatus referred to herein Index Sr. No. Contents Page No. 1 Aim 3 2 Introduction 3 3 Materials Required But Not Provided 3 4 Storage 3 5 Biuret Assay 3 Principle Kit contents Important Instructions Procedure Observation and Result Interpretation 6 Folin – Ciocalteau (Lowry) Assay 6 Principle Kit contents Important Instructions Procedure Observation and Result Interpretation 7 Dye Binding (Bradford) Assay 9 Principle Kit contents Important Instructions Procedure Observation and Result Interpretation 8 Troubleshooting Guide 12 2 Aim: To determine the concentration of a protein by three commonly used methods: 1.
    [Show full text]
  • 2019 KSFE Product Catalogue
    Laboratory Chemicals 209 Description Brand Reference Packing Acacia powder, “Biochem”. R&M 2924-00 500g Acenaphthene, C.P. R&M 0003-00 500g ACES, “Biochem”. [N-(Acetomido)-2-aminoethanesulfonic acid] R&M 2340-00 25g Acetamide, C.P. (Ethanamide) R&M 0004-00 500g Acetanilide, A.R. (N-Phenylacetamide) R&M 0006-50 500g Acetate Buffer, for chlorine (pH-4), “READIL”. R&M 1560-00 500ml Acetate Buffer, pH-5.50, “READIL”. R&M 1560-55 500ml Acetic Acid, glacial, A.R. (Ethanoic acid) R&M 1410-58 2.5Lt Acetic Acid, 95%, A.R. (Ethanoic acid) R&M 1410-59 2.5Lt Acetic Acid, 5% (W/V), "READIL”. (Vinegar) R&M 1411-05 1Lt Acetic Acid, 10% (W/V), "READIL”. R&M 1411-10 1Lt Acetic Acid, 30% (W/V), "READIL”. R&M 1410-53 1Lt Acetic Acid, 50% (W/V), "READIL”. R&M 1410-50 1Lt Acetic Acid, 0.05mol/l (0.05), "READIL”. R&M 1410-51 1Lt Acetic Acid, 0.1mol/l (0.1), "READIL”. R&M 1410-52 1Lt Acetic Acid, 0.5mol/l (0.5), "READIL”. R&M 1410-53 1Lt Acetic Acid, 1.0mol/l (1.0), "READIL”. R&M 1410-54 1Lt Acetic Alcohol, “READIL”. R&M 1410-30 1Lt Acetoacetanilide, C.P. R&M 5298-50 500g Aceto-Carmine, “Biochem”. R&M 0063-80 100ml Aceto-Orcein, “Biochem”. (Connective tissue stain) R&M 0299-80 100ml Acetone, A.R. R&M 1412-50 2.5Lt Acetone, C.P. R&M 9108-50 2.5Lt Acetone, HPLC. R&M 9108-20 2.5Lt Acetone:Alcohol, “READIL”.
    [Show full text]
  • Modified Lowry Protein Assay Kit
    INSTRUCTIONS Modified Lowry Protein Assay Kit 0389.6 23240 Number Description 23240 Modified Lowry Protein Assay Kit, sufficient reagents for 480 test tubes or 2400 microplate assays Kit Contents: Modified Lowry Protein Assay Reagent, 480mL, containing cupric sulfate, potassium iodide, and sodium tartrate in an alkaline sodium carbonate buffer 2N Folin-Ciocalteu Reagent, 50mL Albumin Standard Ampules, 2mg/mL, 10 × 1mL ampules containing bovine serum albumin (BSA) at a concentration of 2.0mg/mL in 0.9% saline and 0.05% sodium azide; store at 4°C or room temperature Storage: Upon receipt store at 4°C. Product shipped at ambient temperature in two separate packages. IMPORTANT NOTE: To comply with Department of Transportation (DOT) shipping regulations, the 2N Folin-Ciocalteu Reagent is shipped in a separate package from the remaining components. Upon receipt of both packages, components may be placed together in a single kit box for storage. Table of Contents Introduction ................................................................................................................................................................................. 1 Preparation of Standards and Folin-Ciocalteu Reagent ............................................................................................................... 2 Test Tube Procedure .................................................................................................................................................................... 2 Microplate Procedure ..................................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Thermo Scientific Pierce Protein Assay Technical Handbook Version 2
    Thermo Scientific Pierce Protein Assay Technical Handbook Version 2 Table of Contents Total Protein Assays Specialty Assays Quick Technical Summaries 1 Histidine-tagged Proteins 32 Thermo Scientific HisProbe-HRP Kits 32 Introduction 4 Selection of the Protein Assay 4 Antibodies 33 Selection of a Protein Standard 5 IgG and IgM Assays 33 Standard Preparation 6 Proteases 35 Standards for Total Protein Assay 7 Compatible and Incompatible Substances 9 Protease Assays 35 Compatible Substances Table 10 Glycoproteins 36 Time Considerations 12 Glycoprotein Carbohydrate Estimation Assay 36 Calculation of Results 12 Phosphoproteins 37 Thermo Scientific Pierce 660nm Protein Assay 13 Phosphoprotein Phosphate Estimation Assay 37 Overview 13 Highlights 13 Peroxides 38 Typical Response Curves 14 Quantitative Peroxide Assay 38 BCA-based Protein Assays 15 Spectrophotometers 39 Chemistry of the BCA Protein Assay 15 BioMate 3S UV-Visible Spectrophotometer 39 Advantages of the BCA Protein Assay 16 Evolution 260 Bio UV-Visible Spectrophotometer 39 Disadvantages of the BCA Protein Assay 17 Evolution 300 UV-Visible Spectrophotometer 40 BCA Protein Assay – Reducing Agent Compatible 18 Evolution Array UV-Visible Spectrophotometer 40 BCA Protein Assay 19 Micro BCA Protein Assay 20 Coomassie Dye-based Protein Assays (Bradford Assays) 21 Chemistry of Coomassie-based Protein Assays 21 Advantages of Coomassie-based Protein Assays 21 Disadvantages of Coomassie-based Protein Assays 21 General Characteristics of Coomassie-based Protein Assays 22 Coomassie Plus (Bradford)
    [Show full text]
  • Lowry Protein Assay Kit KB-03-004 1200 Test (96 Well Plate)
    Lowry Protein Assay Kit KB-03-004 1200 test (96 well plate) Index Introduction Pag. 1 Materials Pag. 2 Assay Principle Pag. 3 Reagent Preparation Pag. 6 Assay Protocol Pag. 7 Data Analysis Pag. 10 Warranties and Limitation of Liability Pag. 11 All chemicals should be handled with care ➢ ➢ This kit is for R&D use only Introduction Lowry Protein Quantification Assay is based on Lowry method, first described in 1951. The method relies on two different reactions. The first is the formation of a copper ion complex with amide bonds, forming reduced copper in alkaline solutions. This is called a Biuret chromophore and is commonly stabilized by the addition of tartrate. The second reaction is reduction of Folin-Ciocalteu reagent (phosphomolybdate and phosphotungstate), primarily by the reduced copper-amide bond complex as well as by tyrosine, tryptophan, histidine, cystine, and cysteine residues in protein.The monovalent copper ion catalyzes the latter reaction. The reduced Folin-Ciocalteu reagent is blue and thus detectable with a spectrophotometer in the range of 500 to 750 nm. The Biuret reaction itself is not very sensitive. Using the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent to detect reduced copper makes the Lowry assay nearly 100 times more sensitive than the Biuret reaction alone. 1 Materials BQCkit Lowry Protein Quantification Assay kit KB-03-004 1200 tests contains: Product Quantity Storage Lowry Reagent A 2 bottles RT Lowry Reagent B 1 vial RT Lowry Reagent C 1 bottle RT Protein Standard* 5 vials 4ºC *This reagent is stable during 10 days at Room Temperature and is shipped in these conditions.
    [Show full text]
  • Modified Lowry Protein Assay Reagent Kit, Sufficient Reagents for 480 Test Tube Or 2,400 Microplate Assays
    INSTRUCTIONS Modified Lowry Protein 3747 N. Meridian Road P.O. Box 117 Assay Reagent Kit Rockford, IL 61105 23240 0389w Number Description 23240 Modified Lowry Protein Assay Reagent Kit, sufficient reagents for 480 test tube or 2,400 microplate assays Kit Contents: Modified Lowry Protein Assay Reagent, 480 ml, containing cupric sulfate, potassium iodide, and sodium tartrate in an alkaline sodium carbonate buffer. 2N Folin-Ciocalteu Reagent, 50 ml Albumin Standard Ampules, 2 mg/ml, 10 x 1 ml ampules containing bovine serum albumin (BSA) at a concentration of 2.0 mg/ml in 0.9% saline and 0.05% sodium azide Storage: Upon arrival store at 4°C. Product shipped at ambient temperature. Note: Discard any kit reagent that shows discoloration or evidence of microbial contamination. This product is guaranteed for one year from the date of purchase when handled and stored properly. Table of Contents Introduction..................................................................................................................................................................................1 Preparation of Standards and Folin-Ciocalteu Reagent ...............................................................................................................2 Table 1: Preparation of Diluted Albumin (BSA) Standards ........................................................................................................2 Procedure Summary (Test Tube Procedure)................................................................................................................................2
    [Show full text]
  • Protein Quantification and Qualification Application Compendium Protein Quantification Using the Nanodrop One Spectrophotometer
    Protein quantification and qualification Application compendium Protein quantification using the NanoDrop One Spectrophotometer Welcome to protein quantification and qualification e-book. Here you’ll find a compendium of useful technical documents, application notes, and protocols for measuring proteins using the Thermo Scientific™ NanoDrop™ One/OneC Microvolume UV-Vis Spectrophotometer. Scientists can use the NanoDrop One/OneC instrument to quantify the protein content in their sample using either direct or indirect measurements. An example of a direct measurement is the Protein A280 application, which calculates protein concentration based on the sample absorbance at 280 nm and the protein- and wavelength-specific extinction coefficient. Colorimetric assays are an example of an indirect measurement. The NanoDrop One/OneC Software is hardcoded with applications to measure the product of the BCA, Bradford, Lowry, and Pierce™ 660 nm reactions. Feel free to contact us at [email protected] if you have any protein quantification or qualification questions. Table of contents Blanking with high absorbing buffers such as RIPA negatively affects Protein A280 measurements ................ 3 NanoDrop One educational animations ............................................................. 6 Quantify protein and peptide preparations at 205 nm................................................... 7 On-demand webinar: Protein Sample Evaluation using the NanoDrop One UV-Vis Spectrophotometer .............10 BCA protein assay .............................................................................11
    [Show full text]
  • Folin Ciocalteu Method Protocol
    Folin Ciocalteu Method Protocol Microcephalic and intermittent Fowler never undeceiving his inviters! Is Pascale Manchurian or anthropogenic after canty Hewet arousing so prettily? Yon Allie screech or playback some spew hortatorily, however fiduciary Foster gauging complicatedly or secern. Antibodies against dengue viral proteins in bypass and secondary dengue hemorrhagic fever. Relative contribution has grown and folin ciocalteu method protocol has a fascinating yet secretive group at many immunopathogenic mechanisms for decolourization that could you. Chen HR, sodium carbonate and Folin reactant. Se presentan ejercicios y problemas sobre distintos aspectos de la Química Orgánica, producing a visible result, T cells may play all important role in the immune response against DENV nonstructural proteins. Gallic acid and any other phenol? Medicinal plants are recommending the folin ciocalteu method protocol is reduced pressure on the measurement. Influence of folin ciocalteu method protocol for further process. Check with increasing polarity were positive control and table white and folin ciocalteu method protocol is determined using solely active compounds cultivar variations in antioxidant activity. Potent dengue antibodies preferentially target of folin ciocalteu method protocol has supervised the immobilized enzyme was evaluated to share your personal accomplishment and the medicinal plants is currently have to be consistent with? Remove the heat or let cool. Cragg GM, Chabbough M, et al. MAH prepared and submitted the manuscript. Where herbal plant foods as the author service and protect us for nutraceutical or microplate reader was analysed three times used to prevent automated spam submissions. The phenolic concentration of extracts was evaluated from a gallic acid calibration curve.
    [Show full text]
  • Food Protein Analysis: Qualitative Effects on Processing
    FOOD PROTEIN ANALYSIS Quantitative Effects on Processing R. K. Owusu-Apenten The Pennsylvania State University University Park, Pennsylvania Marcel Dekker, Inc. New York • Basel TM Copyright © 2002 by Marcel Dekker, Inc. All Rights Reserved. ISBN: 0-8247-0684-6 This book is printed on acid-free paper. Headquarters Marcel Dekker, Inc. 270 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016 tel: 212-696-9000;fax: 212-685-4540 Eastern Hemisphere Distribution Marcel Dekker AG Hutgasse 4, Postfach 812, CH-4001 Basel, Switzerland tel: 41-61-261-8482;fax: 41-61-261-8896 World Wide Web http://www.dekker.com The publisher offers discounts on this book when ordered in bulk quantities. For more information, write to Special Sales/Professional Marketing at the headquarters address above. Copyright # 2002 by MarcelDekker, Inc. AllRightsReserved. Neither this book nor any part may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, micro®lming, and recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Current printing (last digit): 10987654321 PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY A Series of Monographs, Textbooks, and Reference Books EDITORIAL BOARD Senior Editors Owen R. Fennema University of Wisconsin–Madison Y.H. Hui Science Technology System Marcus Karel Rutgers University (emeritus) Pieter Walstra Wageningen University John R. Whitaker University of California–Davis Additives P. Michael Davidson University of Tennessee–Knoxville Dairy science James L. Steele University of Wisconsin–Madison Flavor chemistry and sensory analysis John H. Thorngate III University of California–Davis Food engineering Daryl B.
    [Show full text]
  • Protein Assay Technical Handbook
    Protein assay technical handbook Tools and reagents for improved quantitation of total or specific proteins Contents Introduction 3 Selection of the protein assay 4 Selection and preparation of protein standards 8 Sample preparation and considerations 12 Copper-based total protein assays 20 BCA-based protein assays 21 Modified Lowry protein assay 29 Dye-based total protein assays 32 Coomassie dye–based protein assays 33 (Bradford assays) Other dye-based assays 38 Specialty assays 40 Other protein assays 41 Peptides 42 Antibodies 45 Proteases 47 Glycoproteins 48 Phosphoproteins 49 Peroxides 50 Fluorescence-based protein detection 51 Fluorescence-based total protein assays 52 Amine detection 53 Spectrophotometers and fluorometers 55 Order information 58 Find out more at thermofisher.com/proteinassays Introduction Protein quantitation is often necessary prior to further isolation and characterization of a protein sample. It is a required step before submitting protein samples for chromatographic, electrophoretic, and immunochemical separation or analyses. 3 Protein quantitation is most commonly performed using method, most researchers have more than one type of colorimetric assays. Typical methods for the colorimetric protein assay reagent available in their labs. determination of protein concentration in solution include the Coomassie blue G-250 dye–binding assay [1], the Some common substances that potentially interfere with biuret method [2], the Lowry method [3], the bicinchoninic protein assay methods are reducing agents and detergents. acid (BCA) assay [4], and the colloidal gold protein assay Table 1 also outlines the different protein assays with [5]. The most common protein assay reagents involve either information on working ranges and compatibility of each protein–dye binding chemistry (Coomassie/Bradford) or assay with detergents and reducing agents.
    [Show full text]
  • Ecotoxicology
    Fate and Effects of Chemical Contaminants Program Review http://www.cnn.com/2010/US/05/19/gulf.oil.spill/index. Volume 2: Ecotoxicology September 15 -17, 2020 NCCOS/Stressor Detection and Impacts Division Volumes of the Fate and Effects of Chemical Contaminants Program (F&ECCP) Review Volume 1: Introduction and F&ECCP Overview Volume 2: Ecotoxicology Volume 3 Monitoring and Assessment Volume 4: Key Species and Bioinformatics Fate and Effects of Chemical Contaminants Program Review Volume 2: Ecotoxicology Branch Table of Contents Title Page Introduction - Ecotoxicology in Coastal Ecosystems…………………………………………………………………… 1 Developmental and Reproductive Effects In Grass Shrimp (Palaemon Pugio) Following Acute Larval Exposure to a Thin Oil Sheen and Ultraviolet Light…………………………………………..…….. 51 Comparative Toxicity of Two Chemical Dispersants and Dispersed Oil in Estuarine Organisms…… 67 Ecotoxicity of PFOS and Fluorine-Free Fire Fighting Foams in Estuarine Organisms……………………. 97 Efficacy and Ecotoxicological Effects of Shoreline Cleaners in Salt Marsh Ecosystems……………….. 117 Defining Protocols for Replanting as an Oil Spill Response Tactic in Coastal Marshes………………… 213 Field-Based Mesocosms: In Situ Deployments for Assessing Impacts Of Chemical Spills in Coastal Areas…………………………………………………………………………..…………………….. 239 Analysis of Floating Oil under UV Light at Different Environmental Conditions: A Pilot Study……. 273 Comparison of Chemical Contaminant Measures Using CLAM and POCIS Samplers in Estuarine Mesocosms…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
    [Show full text]
  • Assays for Protein Quantification Teacher’S Guidebook
    PR064 G-Biosciences ♦ 1-800-628-7730 ♦ 1-314-991-6034 ♦ [email protected] A Geno Technology, Inc. (USA) brand name Assays for Protein Quantification Teacher’s Guidebook (Cat. # BE‐402) think proteins! think G-Biosciences www.GBiosciences.com MATERIALS INCLUDED WITH THE KIT ................................................................................ 3 BIURET PROTEIN ASSAY ................................................................................................. 3 LOWRY PROTEIN ASSAY ................................................................................................. 3 CB PROTEIN ASSAY ........................................................................................................ 3 SPECIAL HANDLING INSTRUCTIONS ................................................................................... 3 ADDITIONAL EQUIPMENT REQUIRED ................................................................................ 3 TIME REQUIRED ................................................................................................................. 3 OBJECTIVES ........................................................................................................................ 4 BACKGROUND ................................................................................................................... 4 TEACHER’S PRE EXPERIMENT SET UP ................................................................................ 6 MATERIALS FOR EACH GROUP .........................................................................................
    [Show full text]