Of Southeastern Nicaragua and Comparisons with Miskitu Plant Lore Author(S): Felix G

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Of Southeastern Nicaragua and Comparisons with Miskitu Plant Lore Author(S): Felix G Ethnobotany of the Sumu (Ulwa) of Southeastern Nicaragua and Comparisons with Miskitu Plant Lore Author(s): Felix G. Coe and Gregory J. Anderson Source: Economic Botany, Vol. 53, No. 4 (Oct. - Dec., 1999), pp. 363-386 Published by: Springer on behalf of New York Botanical Garden Press Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/4256219 Accessed: 02-01-2018 16:29 UTC JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org. Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at http://about.jstor.org/terms Springer, New York Botanical Garden Press are collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Economic Botany This content downloaded from 12.14.13.130 on Tue, 02 Jan 2018 16:29:42 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms ETHNOBOTANY OF THE SUMU (ULWA) OF SOUTHEASTERN NICARAGUA AND COMPARISONS WITH MISKITU PLANT LoREi FELIX G. COE AND GREGORY J. ANDERSON Felix G. Coe (Department of Biology, Tennessee Technological University, P.O. Box 5063, Cookeville, TN 38505) and Gregory J. Anderson (Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Box U-43, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-3043).ETHNOBOTANY OF THE SUMU (ULWA) OF SOUTHEASTERN NICARAGUA AND COMPARISONS WITH MISKrru PLANT LORE. Economic Botany 53(4):363-386, 1999. The Sumu (Ulwa) are one of three Amerindian groups of eastern Nicaragua. Their uses of 225 species of plants in 174 genera and 72 families were documented in two years of fieldwork. Included are 187 medicinals, 69 food plants, and 84 for other uses. Ulwa medicinals treat more than 25 human ailments, and most (80%) are native to eastern Nicaragua. Over 70% of the medicinals have a recognized bioactive principle, most are herbs (48%) or trees (33%). Leaves are the most frequently utilized plant part. Most medicinals are prepared as decoctions and are administered orally. Almost half of Ulwa food plants are domesticates, but only six are native to the New World tropics. Comparison of plant use between the Ulwa and southern Miskitu indicated that most of the species used for food (98%), medicinals (90%), and medicinal applications (80%) are the same. The Miskitu use more species, have a wider range of medicinal applications, and more unique plant uses than the Ulwa, presumably due to their larger territory. Differences in ethnobotanical usage between these groups seem to be more a reflection of scale than of remnants of cultural differences. LA ETNOBOTANICA DE LOS SUMU (ULWA) DEL SUDESTE DE NICARAGUA Y COMPARACIONES CON EL SABER BOTANICO DE LOS MISKITUS. Los Sumu (Ulwa) constituyen uno de los tres grupos Ame- rindios del oriente Nicaragulense. Durante dos anos de estudios se documentaron los usos por e'ste grupo de 225 especies vegetales en 174 generos y 72 familias. Incluyendo 187 especies medicinales, 69 especies alimenticias y 84 especies para usos auxiliares. Las plantas medici- nales de los Ulwa tratan mds de 25 enfermedades y la mayorfa (80%) son especies nativas del oriente Nicaraguense. Mds del 70% de las especies medicinales poseen alguin principio bioac- tivo; la mayorfa son hierbas (48%) o cirboles (33%). Las hojas son las partes ma's frecuente- mente utilizadas en remedios y son preparados en forma de decoccuiones y administradas oral- mente. Las plantas comestibles en su mayoria son domesticadas, solamente seis son nativas del neotr6pico. Comparaciones de las plantas usadas por los Ulwa y Miskitu demuestran que la mayorfa de las especies usadas como alimentos (98%), medicinas (90%) y aplicaciones medicinales (80%) son iguales. Los Miskitu usan un mayor numero de especies, con un mayor rango de aplicaciones medicinales y mas usos singulares de plantas que los Ulwa, presumi- blemente debido a su territorio mas extenso. Diferencias etnobota'nicas parecen ser mas bien consecuencia de escala y no vestigios de diferencias culturales. We dedicate this paper to Charles B. Heiser who has inspired so many to study the relationships between plants and people. Key Words: ethnobotany; Sumu; Ulwa; southeastern Nicaragua; medicinal plants. The Sumu, or Mayangna (the original name McLean 1993). Historically, the Sumu of eastern of the Sumu people before European contact), Nicaragua consisted of five subgroups: the Pa- are an Amerindian group of southeastern Hon- namahka, Twahka, Ulwa, Bawihka, and Kukra duras and northwestern and southeastern Nica- (group names derived from local language). The ragua (Conzemius 1932; Hale and Gordon 1987; latter two are extinct (Conzemius 1932; Romero Nietschmann 1969; Williamson, Aviles, and et al. 1992). Today, the remaining three Sumu sub-groups are identified primarily by linguistic 'Received 28 September 1998; accepted 11 May characteristics (Hale 1991; McLean 1996; Nor- 1999. wood 1997). The northern Sumu speak Pana- Economic Botany 53(4) pp. 363-386. 1999 C) 1999 by The New York Botanical Garden Press, Bronx, NY 10458-5126 U.S.A. This content downloaded from 12.14.13.130 on Tue, 02 Jan 2018 16:29:42 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms 364 ECONOMIC BOTANY [VOL. 53 NICARAGUA IEIOJf PANAMANKA D 7WAHK4 r IULWA REGION AUfTONOMA ATLANT7CO NORTE WsPe REGION AUTONOMA ATLANTICO SUR HOND)URAS / ,P Iau Cn Sadp dea i rp Fig. 1. Map ofJ Nicaragua showing Ulwa settlements in eastern Nicaragua and field study siteS(ndy Sir p l Cniino ___ itakiblia \~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~cr Lagoonua \ \ _ \_ M~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~lefed MonsCSTARIA Fig. 1 Map o Nicargua sowing lwa setlemens in asternNicaraua andfieldstudy ites (n rectngle) mahka and Twahka, and the southern Sumu Zelaya (Hale and Gordon 1987; Williamson, speak Ulwa, but 62% percent of the basic vo- Aviles, and McLean 1993) (Fig. 1). The Sumu cabulary is shared among the three Sumu lan- population in eastern Nicaragua is estimated at guages (CIDCA 1989; Hale 1991). The Sumu 7000 to 11 000 inhabitants: 73% are Panamahka, languages are historically related to the Miskitu 16% are Twahka, and only 11 % are Ulwa (CID- languages, and belong to the Misumalpan lan- CA 1982; Hale and Gordon 1987; Williamson, guage group and are now structurally identical Aviles, and McLean 1993). Ulwa enclaves con- (CIDCA 1985; Hale 1991; McLean 1996; Nor- sist of small settlements in the lowland swamp wood 1997). The Panamahka and the Twahka forest along the lower margins of the Rio live in what is today the Regi6n Autonoma At- Grande de Matagalpa, Rio Kurinwas, and Rio lantico Norte (RAAN), and the Ulwa live in the Wawashang. Regi6n Aut6noma Atlantico Sur (RAAS), a po- The Ulwa are the most highly acculturated of litical subdivision of the former department of the three Sumu sub-groups in eastern Nicaragua. This content downloaded from 12.14.13.130 on Tue, 02 Jan 2018 16:29:42 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms 1999] COE & ANDERSON: ETHNOBOTANY OF THE SUMU 365 The acculturation of the Ulwa is due to more two largest Ulwa settlements of southeastern than a century of continuous contact with out- Nicaragua, both of which are shared with the siders-mostly missionaries and traders (Bell Miskitu. Karawala is the larger of the two with 1989; Conzemius 1932; Dozier 1985; Nietsch- about 1200 inhabitants; Kara has only about 30 mann 1979; Roberts 1827; Romero 1995; Smut- Ulwa speakers (Coe pers. obs. 1992, 1993, ko 1985). The study of Ulwa plant lore is made 1997; Hale 1991; Williamson, Aviles, and Mc- more urgent by the threat of it becoming com- Lean 1993). The climate is tropical with a rainy pletely obscured by Miskitu and/or mestizo season of 6 to 8 months and no well-defined dry (people of European and Amerindian ancestry) season. The average annual rainfall is 2000 to culture. An ancillary manifestation of accultur- 4000 mm (increasing from north to south), and ation is the irreplaceable loss of ethnobotanical the average annual temperature is 25 to 30?C information gathered over centuries of plant- (Incer 1975). The predominant ecosystems in people interactions. Fortunately, ethnobotanical the area are broadleaf evergreen forest (consist- lore is generally one of the last elements of cul- ing of the terra firma moist tropical forest and ture to be lost (Boom 1987; Schultes 1990). the swamp forest) and occasional patches of Even so, without prompt documentation, this pine too savannas. Some dominant species of the will be gone. broadleaf evergreen forest are Spanish cedar Ethnobotanical studies among the Sumu have (113 Cedrela odorata [The numbers are a guide been limited to reports of a select group of me- to finding species in the Appendix, which also dicinal plants by Barrett (1994) and Fey and Sin- includes the Ulwa names, authorities and fami- del (1993). Other botanical studies that include lies.]), mahogany (114 Swietenia macrophylla), material on eastern Nicaragua are Dennis sambogum (48 Symphonia globulifera), sam- (1988), Salter (1950), Seymour (1980), and Tay- wood (36 Cordia alliodora), and Santa Maria lor (1962, 1963). However, these include only (46 Calophyllum brasiliense). The dominant general descriptions of plant use in the area. Ex- species of the pine savanna are saw cabbage haustive ethnobotanical studies that focus on the palm (184 Acoelorraphe wrightii) and Caribbe- overall use of plants by the indigenous groups an pine (4 Pinus caribaea). It is estimated that of eastern Nicaragua include Coe (1994) and 8000 species of vascular plants occur in Nica- Coe and Anderson (1996a, 1997). ragua (Stevens pers. obs. as part of the flora of Our study was restricted to the ethnobotany Nicaragua project). Coe and Stevens (pers. of the Ulwa of southeastern Nicaragua, the comm.) project that about 3500 of these species smallest of the three Sumu subgroups.
Recommended publications
  • "National List of Vascular Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands: 1996 National Summary."
    Intro 1996 National List of Vascular Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands The Fish and Wildlife Service has prepared a National List of Vascular Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands: 1996 National Summary (1996 National List). The 1996 National List is a draft revision of the National List of Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands: 1988 National Summary (Reed 1988) (1988 National List). The 1996 National List is provided to encourage additional public review and comments on the draft regional wetland indicator assignments. The 1996 National List reflects a significant amount of new information that has become available since 1988 on the wetland affinity of vascular plants. This new information has resulted from the extensive use of the 1988 National List in the field by individuals involved in wetland and other resource inventories, wetland identification and delineation, and wetland research. Interim Regional Interagency Review Panel (Regional Panel) changes in indicator status as well as additions and deletions to the 1988 National List were documented in Regional supplements. The National List was originally developed as an appendix to the Classification of Wetlands and Deepwater Habitats of the United States (Cowardin et al.1979) to aid in the consistent application of this classification system for wetlands in the field.. The 1996 National List also was developed to aid in determining the presence of hydrophytic vegetation in the Clean Water Act Section 404 wetland regulatory program and in the implementation of the swampbuster provisions of the Food Security Act. While not required by law or regulation, the Fish and Wildlife Service is making the 1996 National List available for review and comment.
    [Show full text]
  • Lista Plantas, Reserva
    Lista de Plantas, Reserva, Jardín Botanico de Vallarta - Plant List, Preserve, Vallarta Botanical Garden [2019] P 1 de(of) 5 Familia Nombre Científico Autoridad Hábito IUCN Nativo Invasor Family Scientific Name Authority Habit IUCN Native Invasive 1 ACANTHACEAE Dicliptera monancistra Will. H 2 Henrya insularis Nees ex Benth. H NE Nat. LC 3 Ruellia stemonacanthoides (Oersted) Hemsley H NE Nat. LC 4 Aphelandra madrensis Lindau a NE Nat+EMEX LC 5 Ruellia blechum L. H NE Nat. LC 6 Elytraria imbricata (Vahl) Pers H NE Nat. LC 7 AGAVACEAE Agave rhodacantha Trel. Suc NE Nat+EMEX LC 8 Agave vivipara vivipara L. Suc NE Nat. LC 9 AMARANTHACEAE Iresine nigra Uline & Bray a NE Nat. LC 10 Gomphrena nitida Rothr a NE Nat. LC 11 ANACARDIACEAE Astronium graveolens Jacq. A NE Nat. LC 12 Comocladia macrophylla (Hook. & Arn.) L. Riley A NE Nat. LC 13 Amphipterygium adstringens (Schlecht.) Schiede ex Standl. A NE Nat+EMEX LC 14 ANNONACEAE Oxandra lanceolata (Sw.) Baill. A NE Nat. LC 15 Annona glabra L. A NE Nat. LC 16 ARACEAE Anthurium halmoorei Croat. H ep NE Nat+EMEX LC 17 Philodendron hederaceum K. Koch & Sello V NE Nat. LC 18 Syngonium neglectum Schott V NE Nat+EMEX LC 19 ARALIACEAE Dendropanax arboreus (l.) Decne. & Planchon A NE Nat. LC 20 Oreopanax peltatus Lind. Ex Regel A VU Nat. LC 21 ARECACEAE Chamaedorea pochutlensis Liebm a LC Nat+EMEX LC 22 Cryosophila nana (Kunth) Blume A NT Nat+EJAL LC 23 Attalea cohune Martius A NE Nat. LC 24 ARISTOLOCHIACEAE Aristolochia taliscana Hook. & Aarn. V NE Nat+EMEX LC 25 Aristolochia carterae Pfeifer V NE Nat+EMEX LC 26 ASTERACEAE Ageratum corymbosum Zuccagni ex Pers.
    [Show full text]
  • Comparative Analysis of the Leaf Anatomy in Two Parodiolyra Species
    Comparative analysis of the leaf anatomy in two Parodiolyra species (Poaceae: Olyreae) occurring on forests in Eastern Brazil Jesus Junior, LA.a*, Oliveira, RP.a,b, Leite, KRB.a and Silva, LB.a aDepartamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal da Bahia – UFBA, Rua Barão de Geremoabo, 147, Campus de Ondina, CEP 40170-290, Salvador, BA, Brazil bPrograma de Pós-graduação em Botânica, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana – UEFS, BR 116N, Km 3, CEP 44031-460, Feira de Santana, BA, Brazil *e-mail: salsaluiz@hotmail.com Received January 18, 2011 – Accepted June 7, 2011– Distributed February 29, 2012 (With 21 figures) Abstract Parodiolyra is a member of Olyreae, a tribe of herbaceous bamboo species within the Poaceae. The genus has five species, four of which were previously regarded as belonging to Olyra L. Parodiolyra has a Neotropical distribution and only two species occur on forests in Eastern Brazil: P. micrantha (Kunth) Zuloaga & Davidse and P. ramosissima (Trin.) Soderstr. & Zuloaga, the first widely distributed in the Neotropics while the second is endemic to the state of Bahia. Leaf anatomy of the two species was analysed with the aid of an optical microscope. The objective was to describe the microscopic characters and evaluate if they can be useful for the taxonomy of the genus. The observed anatomical structures did not differ from other genera of herbaceous bamboos, however some characters, both from the mesophyll and the epidermis, were useful to delimit the two species. Keywords: bambusoideae, microscopic characters, herbaceous bamboos, specific delimitation. Análise comparativa da anatomia foliar de duas espécies de Parodiolyra Soderstr.
    [Show full text]
  • ABSTRACT the Genus Callicebus Is One of the Most
    Volume ##(##):A‑P, #### NEW SPECIES OF TITI MONKEY, GENUS CALLICEBUS THOMAS, 1903 (PRIMATES, PITHECIIDAE), FROM SOUTHERN AMAZONIA, BRAZIL JULIO CÉSAR DALPONTE1 FELIPE ENNES SILVA2 JOSÉ DE SOUSA E SILVA JÚNIOR3 ABSTRACT The genus Callicebus is one of the most diverse Neotropical primate groups, with 31 recog- nized species. However, large knowledge gaps still exist regarding the diversity of this genus. Such gaps are gradually being filled due to recent intensification of sampling efforts. Several geographic distributions have been better delimited, and six new species have been described in the last 15 years. The goal of the present study is to describe a new species of Callicebus belonging to the Callicebus moloch species group, recently discovered in an area previously considered to be part of the geographic distribution of C. cinerascens. Data collection was conducted through direct observations, specimen collection and interviews with local residents during four expeditions. Specimens were deposited in the mammalian collection of the Mu- seu Paraense Emílio Goeldi. For a comparative evaluation, we examined specimens of the other species of the Callicebus moloch species group, especially the geographically neighboring forms, C. bernhardi and C. cinerascens. We examined 10 chromatic characters of the fur. In addition to body mass, we verified the conventional external variables and 26 craniomet- ric variables. The new species differs from all other Amazonian Callicebus by an exclusive combination of characters, being easily distinguished by the light gray line of the forehead, dark ocher sideburns and throat, dark gray portions of the torso and flanks, and uniformly orange tail. The geographic distribution of the new species is limited by the Roosevelt and Aripuanã rivers, in the states of Mato Grosso and Amazonas, Brazil.
    [Show full text]
  • Chec List What Survived from the PLANAFLORO Project
    Check List 10(1): 33–45, 2014 © 2014 Check List and Authors Chec List ISSN 1809-127X (available at www.checklist.org.br) Journal of species lists and distribution What survived from the PLANAFLORO Project: PECIES S Angiosperms of Rondônia State, Brazil OF 1* 2 ISTS L Samuel1 UniCarleialversity of Konstanz, and Narcísio Department C.of Biology, Bigio M842, PLZ 78457, Konstanz, Germany. samuel.carleial@gmail.com 2 Universidade Federal de Rondônia, Campus José Ribeiro Filho, BR 364, Km 9.5, CEP 76801-059. Porto Velho, RO, Brasil. * Corresponding author. E-mail: Abstract: The Rondônia Natural Resources Management Project (PLANAFLORO) was a strategic program developed in partnership between the Brazilian Government and The World Bank in 1992, with the purpose of stimulating the sustainable development and protection of the Amazon in the state of Rondônia. More than a decade after the PLANAFORO program concluded, the aim of the present work is to recover and share the information from the long-abandoned plant collections made during the project’s ecological-economic zoning phase. Most of the material analyzed was sterile, but the fertile voucher specimens recovered are listed here. The material examined represents 378 species in 234 genera and 76 families of angiosperms. Some 8 genera, 68 species, 3 subspecies and 1 variety are new records for Rondônia State. It is our intention that this information will stimulate future studies and contribute to a better understanding and more effective conservation of the plant diversity in the southwestern Amazon of Brazil. Introduction The PLANAFLORO Project funded botanical expeditions In early 1990, Brazilian Amazon was facing remarkably in different areas of the state to inventory arboreal plants high rates of forest conversion (Laurance et al.
    [Show full text]
  • National List of Vascular Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands 1996
    National List of Vascular Plant Species that Occur in Wetlands: 1996 National Summary Indicator by Region and Subregion Scientific Name/ North North Central South Inter- National Subregion Northeast Southeast Central Plains Plains Plains Southwest mountain Northwest California Alaska Caribbean Hawaii Indicator Range Abies amabilis (Dougl. ex Loud.) Dougl. ex Forbes FACU FACU UPL UPL,FACU Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill. FAC FACW FAC,FACW Abies concolor (Gord. & Glend.) Lindl. ex Hildebr. NI NI NI NI NI UPL UPL Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poir. FACU FACU FACU Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl. FACU-* NI FACU-* Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. NI NI FACU+ FACU- FACU FAC UPL UPL,FAC Abies magnifica A. Murr. NI UPL NI FACU UPL,FACU Abildgaardia ovata (Burm. f.) Kral FACW+ FAC+ FAC+,FACW+ Abutilon theophrasti Medik. UPL FACU- FACU- UPL UPL UPL UPL UPL NI NI UPL,FACU- Acacia choriophylla Benth. FAC* FAC* Acacia farnesiana (L.) Willd. FACU NI NI* NI NI FACU Acacia greggii Gray UPL UPL FACU FACU UPL,FACU Acacia macracantha Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd. NI FAC FAC Acacia minuta ssp. minuta (M.E. Jones) Beauchamp FACU FACU Acaena exigua Gray OBL OBL Acalypha bisetosa Bertol. ex Spreng. FACW FACW Acalypha virginica L. FACU- FACU- FAC- FACU- FACU- FACU* FACU-,FAC- Acalypha virginica var. rhomboidea (Raf.) Cooperrider FACU- FAC- FACU FACU- FACU- FACU* FACU-,FAC- Acanthocereus tetragonus (L.) Humm. FAC* NI NI FAC* Acanthomintha ilicifolia (Gray) Gray FAC* FAC* Acanthus ebracteatus Vahl OBL OBL Acer circinatum Pursh FAC- FAC NI FAC-,FAC Acer glabrum Torr. FAC FAC FAC FACU FACU* FAC FACU FACU*,FAC Acer grandidentatum Nutt.
    [Show full text]
  • SELECTED BAMBOO LITERATURE Ades, G. 1999. Important Discovery
    SELECTED BAMBOO LITERATURE Ades, G. 1999. Important discovery of lesser bamboo bat roosting site in Hong Kong. Porcupine! 19: 22. Brailovsky, H. 1988. Hemiptera—Heteroptera de Mexico. XXXIX. Descripción de una tribu nueva, un género Nuevo y una especie nueva de coreidos recolectados en bamboo (Bambusa sp.) (Coreidae-Coreinae). Anal. Inst. Biol. UNAM 58, ser. Zool. 1: 155-164. Bystriakova, N., V. Kapos & I. Lysenko. 2004. Bamboo biodiversity: Africa, Madgascar and the Americas. UNEP-WCMC/INBAR, Biodiversity Series 19. UK: Swaingrove Imaging. http://www.ourplanet.com/wcmc/19.html Bystriakova, N., V. Kapos, C. Stapleton & I. Lysenko. 2003. Bamboo biodiversity: information for planning conservation and management in the Asia-Pacific region. UNEP- WCMC/INBAR, Biodiversity Series 14. UK: Swaingrove Imaging. http://www.ourplanet.com/wcmc/14.html Clark, L.G. 2001. Bambusoideae. Pp. 21-49 in Flora Fanerogâmica do Estado de São Paulo, Volume I, Poaceae, H. Longhi-Wagner, ed. São Paulo: Editora Hucitec. [Includes collaboration with X. Londoño (Eremocaulon, Guadua), H. Longhi-Wagner and R.P. de Oliveira (Olyra, Parodiolyra), T. Sendulsky (Merostachys).] Clark, L.G. 2004. Two new species of Aulonemia and Chusquea (Poaceae: Bambusoideae) from Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Botânica 27: 31-36. Clark, L.G., G. Davidse & R.P. Ellis. 1989. Natural hybridization in bamboos: Evidence from Chusquea sect. Swallenochloa (Poaceae: Bambusoideae). National Geographic Research 5: 459-476. Clark, L.G., S. Dransfield, J. Triplett & J.G. Sánchez-Ken. In press. Phylogenetic relationships among the one-flowered genera of Bambuseae (Poaceae: Bambusoideae). In J. T. Columbus et al. (eds.). Monocots: Comparative biology and evolution. 2 vols.
    [Show full text]
  • Ecological and Evolutionary Significance of Genomic GC Content
    Ecological and evolutionary significance of genomic GC PNAS PLUS content diversity in monocots a,1 a a b c,d e a a Petr Smarda , Petr Bures , Lucie Horová , Ilia J. Leitch , Ladislav Mucina , Ettore Pacini , Lubomír Tichý , Vít Grulich , and Olga Rotreklováa aDepartment of Botany and Zoology, Masaryk University, CZ-61137 Brno, Czech Republic; bJodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Surrey TW93DS, United Kingdom; cSchool of Plant Biology, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia; dCentre for Geographic Analysis, Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa; and eDepartment of Life Sciences, Siena University, 53100 Siena, Italy Edited by T. Ryan Gregory, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada, and accepted by the Editorial Board August 5, 2014 (received for review November 11, 2013) Genomic DNA base composition (GC content) is predicted to signifi- arises from the stronger stacking interaction between GC bases cantly affect genome functioning and species ecology. Although and the presence of a triple compared with a double hydrogen several hypotheses have been put forward to address the biological bond between the paired bases (19). In turn, these interactions impact of GC content variation in microbial and vertebrate organ- seem to be important in conferring stability to higher order isms, the biological significance of GC content diversity in plants structures of DNA and RNA transcripts (11, 20). In bacteria, for remains unclear because of a lack of sufficiently robust genomic example, an increase in GC content correlates with a higher data. Using flow cytometry, we report genomic GC contents for temperature optimum and a broader tolerance range for a spe- 239 species representing 70 of 78 monocot families and compare cies (21, 22).
    [Show full text]
  • Acta Botanica Brasilica - 35(1): 22-36
    Acta Botanica Brasilica - 35(1): 22-36. January-March 2021. doi: 10.1590/0102-33062020abb0188 Predicting the potential distribution of aquatic herbaceous plants in oligotrophic Central Amazonian wetland ecosystems Aline Lopes1, 2* , Layon Oreste Demarchi2, 3 , Augusto Cesar Franco1 , Aurélia Bentes Ferreira2, 3 , Cristiane Silva Ferreira1 , Florian Wittmann2, 4 , Ivone Neri Santiago2 , Jefferson da Cruz2, 5 , Jeisiane Santos da Silva2, 3 , Jochen Schöngart2, 3 , Sthefanie do Nascimento Gomes de Souza2 and Maria Teresa Fernandez Piedade2, 3 Received: May 25, 2020 Accepted: November 13, 2020 ABSTRACT . Aquatic herbaceous plants are especially suitable for mapping environmental variability in wetlands, as they respond quickly to environmental gradients and are good indicators of habitat preference. We describe the composition of herbaceous species in two oligotrophic wetland ecosystems, floodplains along black-water rivers (igapó) and wetlands upon hydromorphic sand soils (campinarana) in the Parque Nacional do Jaú and the Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Uatumã in Central Amazonia, both protected areas. We tested for the potential distribution range (PDR) of the most frequent species of these ecosystems, which are the ones that occurred in at least two of the sampled wetlands, using species distribution models (SDMs). In total, 98 aquatic herbaceous species were recorded, of which 63 occurred in igapós and 44 in campinaranas. Most igapó species had ample PDRs across the Neotropics, while most campinaranas species were restricted to the Amazon Basin. These results are congruent with studies that described similar distribution patterns for tree and bird species, which emphasizes a high degree of endemism in Amazonian campinarana. However, we also found differences in the potential distribution of species between the two protected areas, indicating high environmental variability of oligotrophic ecosystems that deserve further investigation to develop effective measures for their conservation and protection.
    [Show full text]
  • 2002 12 the Cerrados of Brazil.Pdf
    00 oliveira fm 7/31/02 8:11 AM Page i The Cerrados of Brazil 00 oliveira fm 7/31/02 8:11 AM Page ii 00 oliveira fm 7/31/02 8:11 AM Page iii The Cerrados of Brazil Ecology and Natural History of a Neotropical Savanna Editors Paulo S. Oliveira Robert J. Marquis Columbia University Press New York 00 oliveira fm 7/31/02 8:11 AM Page iv Columbia University Press Publishers Since 1893 New York Chichester, West Sussex © 2002 Columbia University Press All rights reserved Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data The cerrados of Brazil : ecology and natural history of a neotropical savanna / Paulo S. Oliveira and Robert J. Marquis. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 0-231-12042-7 (cloth : alk. paper)—ISBN 0-231-12043-5 (pbk. : alk. paper) 1. Cerrado ecology—Brazil. I. Oliveira, Paulo S., 1957– II. Marquis, Robert J., 1953– QH117 .C52 2002 577.4'8'0981—dc21 2002022739 Columbia University Press books are printed on permanent and durable acid-free paper. Printed in the United States of America c 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 p 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 00 oliveira fm 7/31/02 8:11 AM Page v Contents Preface vii 1 Introduction: Development of Research in the Cerrados 1 Paulo S. Oliveira and Robert J. Marquis I Historical Framework and the Abiotic Environment 2 Relation of Soils and Geomorphic Surfaces in the Brazilian Cerrado 13 Paulo E. F. Motta, Nilton Curi, and Donald P.
    [Show full text]
  • New Species Discoveries in the Amazon 2014-15
    WORKINGWORKING TOGETHERTOGETHER TO TO SHARE SCIENTIFICSCIENTIFIC DISCOVERIESDISCOVERIES UPDATE AND COMPILATION OF THE LIST UNTOLD TREASURES: NEW SPECIES DISCOVERIES IN THE AMAZON 2014-15 WWF is one of the world’s largest and most experienced independent conservation organisations, WWF Living Amazon Initiative Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável with over five million supporters and a global network active in more than 100 countries. WWF’s Mamirauá (Mamirauá Institute of Leader mission is to stop the degradation of the planet’s natural environment and to build a future Sustainable Development) Sandra Charity in which humans live in harmony with nature, by conserving the world’s biological diversity, General director ensuring that the use of renewable natural resources is sustainable, and promoting the reduction Communication coordinator Helder Lima de Queiroz of pollution and wasteful consumption. Denise Oliveira Administrative director Consultant in communication WWF-Brazil is a Brazilian NGO, part of an international network, and committed to the Joyce de Souza conservation of nature within a Brazilian social and economic context, seeking to strengthen Mariana Gutiérrez the environmental movement and to engage society in nature conservation. In August 2016, the Technical scientific director organization celebrated 20 years of conservation work in the country. WWF Amazon regional coordination João Valsecchi do Amaral Management and development director The Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá (IDSM – Mamirauá Coordinator Isabel Soares de Sousa Institute for Sustainable Development) was established in April 1999. It is a civil society Tarsicio Granizo organization that is supported and supervised by the Ministry of Science, Technology, Innovation, and Communications, and is one of Brazil’s major research centres.
    [Show full text]
  • (Poaceae) and Characterization
    EVOLUTION AND DEVELOPMENT OF VEGETATIVE ARCHITECTURE: BROAD SCALE PATTERNS OF BRANCHING ACROSS THE GRASS FAMILY (POACEAE) AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ARCHITECTURAL DEVELOPMENT IN SETARIA VIRIDIS L. P. BEAUV. By MICHAEL P. MALAHY Bachelor of Science in Biology University of Central Oklahoma Edmond, Oklahoma 2006 Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate College of the Oklahoma State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE July, 2012 EVOLUTION AND DEVELOPMENT OF VEGETATIVE ARCHITECTURE: BROAD SCALE PATTERNS OF BRANCHING ACROSS THE GRASS FAMILY (POACEAE) AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ARCHITECTURAL DEVELOPMENT IN WEEDY GREEN MILLET ( SETARIA VIRIDIS L. P. BEAUV.) Thesis Approved: Dr. Andrew Doust Thesis Adviser Dr. Mark Fishbein Dr. Linda Watson Dr. Sheryl A. Tucker Dean of the Graduate College I TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter Page I. Evolutionary survey of vegetative branching across the grass family (poaceae) ... 1 Introduction ................................................................................................................... 1 Plant Architecture ........................................................................................................ 2 Vascular Plant Morphology ......................................................................................... 3 Grass Morphology ....................................................................................................... 4 Methods .......................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]