Native Trees and Shrubs

trees_shrubs_native_plt_list_by_s_voigt3_07 Page 1 of 3

Trees and Shrubs Native to James City County, New Kent and Charles City W = wet (near water) SU = full sun L = lowland M = moist SH = shade U = upland D = dry PS = partial B = both areas DT = drought tolerant shade

VA Riparian Wildflower Scientific Name Common Name Soil Light Height Comments Locale Zones of the Year

Medium to Large Trees red flowers, red Acer rubrum red maple M-W SU 40'-100' leaves in fall B 1-4 Betula nigra river birch M-W SU 50'-100' bark interesting L 2-3 Carya alba (C. tomentosa) mockernut hickory D-M PS-SH 60'-100' U 3-4 Carya glabra pignut hickory D-M SU-PS 60'-100' U 3-4 Celtis occidentalis hackberry, sugarberry D-M SU-PS 40'-100' B 2-4 Diospyros virginiana persimmon D-M SU-PS 50'-75' L 2-4 Fagus grandifolia American beech M SU-PS 50'-100' U Fraxinus americana white ash M SU-PS 50'-100' U 2-4 Fraxinus pennsylvanica green ash, swamp ash D-W SU-PS 50'-75' L 2-3 Juniperus virginiana Eastern red cedar D, DT SU 10'-75' blue fruit, evergreen B 2-4 messy gumballs, Liquidambar styraciflua sweetgum M-W SU-PS 60'-100' red leaves in fall U 2-4 Liriodendron tulipifera tulip tree, yellow poplar M SU-PS 70'-100' U 3-4 Nyssa aquatica water tupelo W SU-PS 70'-100' L 1 white blooms, red in Nyssa sylvatica Black gum, Sour gum D-W SU-PS 30'-75' fall, blue fruit L 2-4 Back to Top white blooms, red in Oxydendrum arboreum sourwood D-M PS-SH 15'-50' fall U 3-4 Pinus echinata shortleaf pine, yellow pine D-M SU 100' evergreen U 3-4 Pinus strobus Eastern white pine D-M SU 75'-100' evergreen U 3-4 Pinus taeda loblolly pine D-W SU 70'-90' evergreen U 2-4 Pinus virginiana Virginia pine D-M SU 50'-80' evergreen U 2-4 Platanus occidentalis sycamore M-W SU-PS 75'-100' L 2-4 Quercus alba white oak D-M SU-PS 75'-100' U 3-4 Quercus coccinea scarlet oak D-M SU 40'-70' red fall foliage U 3-4 Quercus falcata southern red oak D-M SU 70'-80' U 3-4 Quercus michauxii swamp chestnut oak M-W SU 50'-80' L 2-4 Quercus nigra water oak M-W PS-SH 50'-80' L 2-4 Quercus palustris pin oak M-W SU 50'-80' L 2-3 Quercus phellos willow oak M-W SU-PS 80'-100' L 2-4 Quercus prinus (Q. montana) Chestnut oak D SU-SH 40'-80' U 3-4 Quercus rubra northern red oak D-M SU-SH 90' U 3-4 Quercus stellata post oak D-M SU 35'-50' U 3-4 Quercus velutina black oak D-M SU 75'-100' U 3-4 red fall foliage; blue Sassafras albidum sassafras D-M SU-PS 35'-50' fruit U 2-4 prefers wet but also Taxodium distichum bald cypress M-W SU 50'-100' grows on dry land B 1-3 Back to Top

Small Trees downy serviceberry, Amelanchier arborea shadbush M PS 15'-40' U 4 white blooms, red in Amelanchier canadensis Canada serviceberry M PS 35'-50' fall, red fruit U 2-4 Asimina triloba paw paw M PS-SH 20'-35' Red blooms U 3-4 M, Cercis canadensis eastern redbud DT PS-SH 20'-35' pink flowers U 2-4 white blooms, blue Chionanthus virginicus white fringe tree M SU-PS 12'-35' fruit U 3-4 1997 WF white blooms, red Cornus florida flowering dogwood D-M PS 15'-50' fruit U 3-4 white blooms, red Crataegus phaenopyrum Washington hawthorne M-D SU 25'-35' fruit & fall foliage U 3-4 white flowers, red Ilex opaca American holly D SU-SH 15'-50' fruit; evergreen B 2-4 white flowers, red Magnolia virginiana sweetbay magnolia W-M SU-SH 10'-30' fruit L 2-3 Morus rubra red mulberry M SH 35'-60' messy fruit U 3-4 Ostrya virginiana eastern hop hornbeam M SH 25'-50' calcareous U 4 evergreen, dark Persea borbonia (P. palustris) redbay, sweet bay M PS-SH 30'-65' blue fruit U 4 Prunus americana American wild plum M SU-SH 20'-35' U 4 Prunus serotina wild black cherry SU 40'-75' U 3-4 Salix nigra black willow M SU-PS 35'-50' L 1-3

Shrubs Purple catkins, flood Alnus serrulata common (smooth) alder W-M SU 12'-20' tolerant L 1-3 Back to Top Aronia arbutifolia white blooms, red in (Photinia pyrifolia) red chokeberry M PS 2'-12' fall U 2-4 Aronia melanocarpa black chokeberry D-W SU 3'-6' U 2-4 groundsel tree, high tide salt-tolerant, showy, Baccharis halimifolia bush W-D SU 6'-12' erosion control B 2-4 http://www.claytonvnps.org/list_of_native_plants/trees_shrubs_native_plt_l... 5/26/2010 trees_shrubs_native_plt_list_by_s_voigt3_07 Page 2 of 3 Callicarpa americana American beautyberry D-M SH-PS 6' U 3-4 Castanea pumila Allegheny chinkapin D SU-PS 12'-20' U 4 Ceanothus americanus New Jersey tea D SU-PS 3' U 4 Cephalanthus occidentalis button bush M-W SU-SH 3'-12' white blooms L 1-2 sweet pepperbush, summer Clethra alnifolia sweet M-W PS-SH 6'-12' L 2-3 white blooms, blue Cornus amomum silky dogwood W-M SU-PS 6'-12' fruit L 2-3 white blooms, blue- Cornus foemina (C.stricta) swamp dogwood W-M PS 6'-20' black fruit L 2-3 Cornus racemosa grey dogwood D-M SU-SH 6'-12' L 4 strawberry bush, hearts-a- red fruits open to Euonymus americanus busting D_M PS 6'-12' show orange seeds U 4 Back to Top Gaultheria procumbens wintergreen, teaberry D-M SH 6" groundcover U 4 Gaylussacia baccata black huckleberry D-M SH 1.5'-3' red in fall, black fruit U 4 Gaylussacia frondosa dangleberry D SU-SH 2'-4' U 4 Hamamelis virginiana witch hazel M-D PS-SH 15'-30' U 4 2002 WF Hydrangea arborescens wild hydrangea M PS-SH 3'-6' U 4 Ilex decidua possumhaw M-D SH L 2-4 Ilex glabra inkberry D-M SU-SH 6'-10' evergreen L 2-3 white blooms, red Ilex laevigata smooth winterberry M SU-PS 10'-12' berries L 2-4 white blooms, red Ilex verticillata winterberry M-W SU-SH 6'-12' fruit L 2-4 Ilex vomitoria yaupon holly D SU-SH 3'-20' evergreen U 4 white blooms, red in Itea virginica Virginia willow, sweetspire M-W SU-SH 3'-10' fall L 2-3 Iva frutescens marsh elder, high-tide bush D-M SU 2'-10' L 2-3 Kalmia latifolia mountain laurel D-W PS-SH 5'-20' evergreen U 4 1994 WF Leucothoe racemosa fetterbush, sweetbells, (Eubotrys racemosa) swamp doghobble M-W SH-SU 6'-12' red leaves in fall L 2-3 Lindera benzoin spicebush M SH 6'-16' tiny yellow flowers B 2-4 2006 WF Lyonia lucida shining fetterbush M PS-SH 6'-12' U 3-4 Myrica cerifera (Morella cerifera) wax myrtle or bayberry D-M SU-SH 5'-15' evergreen B 1-4 white blooms, May- Physocarpus opulifolius ninebark M-W SU-PS 5'-25' June L 2-3 Rhododendron atlanticum dwarf azalea M SH 1'-2.5' U 2-4 Rhododendron periclymenoides pinxter flower, pink azalea M-W SH 3'-10' U 2-3 white-pink blooms in Rhododendron viscosum swamp azalea W PS 5'-12' May-Jul L 2-3 fall color, can be Rhus copallinum winged (shining) sumac D SU-PS 8'-35' invasive U 3-4 Rhus glabra smooth sumac D-M SU 2-20' U 3-4 Rosa carolina pasture rose D-M SU .5'-3' U 4 Rosa palustris swamp rose W-M SU-PS 8' L 1-2 Salix humilis prairie willow D-W SU 6'-12' U 3-4 Salix sericea silky willow M SU-SH L 2-3 Sambucus canadensis common elderberry M SU-SH 6'-12' weed to some L 2-4 pink-purple, fall- Spiraea tomentosa steeplebush M-W SU 3'-6' yellow L 2-3 Vaccinium arboreum sparkleberry, farkleberry M PS 6'-12' semi-evergreen U 2-4 Vaccinium fuscatum (V. corymbosum) highbush blueberry D-W SU-SH 6'-12' red in fall, blue fruit U 2-4 Vaccinium formosum southern blueberry M-W SU-PS 6'-12' U 2-4 Vaccinium stamineum common deerberry M-D SH 6'-12' U 2-4 Viburnum dentatum arrowwood D-M SU 10'-15' white blooms L 2-4 white blooms, red in fall, red and blue Viburnum nudum possumhaw, swamp-haw M-W SU-SH 6.5'-20' fruit L 1-3 Viburnum prunifolium black-haw viburnum D-M SU-SH 12'-24' B 2-4

Native plants left off list & Why not particularly good for home landscape VA Riparian Wildflower Scientific Name Common Name Soil Light Height Comments Locale Zones of the Year alleopathic effect & Juglans nigra black walnut M PS 35'-100' messy nuts U 2-4 thorny stems, seeds poisonous, spreads Aralia spinosa devil's walking stick M PS 12'-20' easily U 2-4 thickets, good Crataegus (uniflora & flava) dwarf & october hawthorne wildlife cover U 3-4 Crateagus crusgalli cockspur hawthorne D-M SH-SU thorny, thicket U evergreen, but Epigaea repens trailing-arbutus M SH 4"-6" difficult to grow 2001 WF

Hydrangea quercifolia oakleaf hydrangea M SH 6'-12' native to NC, not VA L 2-3 Kalmia augustifolia sheep laurel, lambskill toxic to livestock Myrica heterophylla southern bayberry D-M SU-SH 8'-12' not in JCC/NK/CC L Myrica pensylvanica northern bayberry D-W SU-PS 5'-12' U native to western Rhododendron calendulaceum flame azalea M PS 6'-12' VA 2000 WF demands acid soil, susceptible to Rhododendron viscosum swamp azalea M-W SU-PS disease & insects L 2-3 Rhus hirta (R. typhina) staghorn sumac D SU 35-50' not in JCC/NK/CC U http://www.claytonvnps.org/list_of_native_plants/trees_shrubs_native_plt_l... 5/26/2010 trees_shrubs_native_plt_list_by_s_voigt3_07 Page 3 of 3 Rubus argutus highbush blackberry D DT SU-PS thickets U Symplocos tinctoria sweetleaf, horse sugar M-W PS-SU not readily available L subsp of V.nudum, not native to coastal Viburnum cassinoides witherod W-D VA L Viburnum trilobum American cranberry bush M PS-SU not coastal VA U Back to Top

http://www.claytonvnps.org/list_of_native_plants/trees_shrubs_native_plt_l... 5/26/2010