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Tropical Biology & C O N S E R V at I j o u r n a l o f Vol. 13/2016 TROPICAL BIOLOGY & C O N S E R V A T I O N ISSN 1823-3902 A JOURNAL OF THE INSTITUTE FOR TROPICAL BIOLOGY AND CONSERVATION UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA SABAH Journal of TROPICAL BIOLOGY & CONSERVATION A journal of the Institute for Tropical Biology and Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sabah Editor-in-chief Dr. Charles S. Vairappan (Prof., Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Malaysia) Managing Editor Dr. Liew Thor Seng (Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Malaysia) Editorial Assistant Julia George Kunai (Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Malaysia) Editorial Board Dr. Mohd. Tajuddin Abdullah (Prof., Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Malaysia) Dr. Abdul Hamid Ahmad (Assoc. Prof., Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Malaysia) Dr. Henry Bernard (Assoc. Prof., Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Malaysia) Dr. Shigeki Matsunaga (Prof., the University of Tokyo, Japan) Dr. Homathevi Rahman (Assoc. Prof., Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Malaysia) Dr. Menno Schilthuizen (Prof., Leiden University, the Netherlands) Dr. Monica Suleiman (Assoc. Prof., Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Malaysia) Dr. Holger Thus (Natural History Museum, London) Reviewers Dr. Jane K. Hill Dr. Peter Hovenkamp (Prof., University of York, United Kingdom) (Naturalis Biodiversity Center) Dr. Mustafa Abdul Rahman Dr. Christian J. Schwarz (Prof., Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Malaysia) (University of Würzburg, Germany) Dr. Clemente Michael Wong Vui Ling Dr. Arthur Y.C. Chung (Prof., Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Malaysia) (Forest Research Centre, Sabah, Malaysia) Dr. Henry Bernard Dr. Chey Vun Khen (Assoc. Prof., Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Malaysia) (Sandakan, Sabah, Malaysia) Dr. Kenneth Francis Rodrigues Dr. Martin Helmkampf (Assoc. Prof., Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Malaysia) (Arizona State University, United States) Dr. Norela Sulaiman Dr. Ferruccio Maltagliati (Assoc. Prof., Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia) (Università di Pisa, Italy) Dr. Siti Azizah Mohd. Nor Dr. Geoffrey Davison (Universiti Sains Malaysia) (National Board Parks, Singapore) Dr. Fiffy Hanisdah Saikim Dr. Antony van der Ent (Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Malaysia) (The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia) Dr. Elia Godoong Dr. Stephen Sutton (Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Malaysia) (Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia) Dr. Suzan Benedick Anthony Lamb (Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Malaysia) (Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia) Dr. Jayaraj Kumaran Luiza Majuakim (Universiti Malaysia Kelantan) (Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Malaysia) Dr. Bambang Hariyadi Julius Kulip (Jambi Universtity, Indonesia) (Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Malaysia) Dr. Marc Ancrenaz Noor Haliza Binti Hasan @ Ahmad (HUTAN – Kinabatangan Orang-utan Conservation Programme) (Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Malaysia) Dr. Leng Guan Saw Zulhazman Hamzah (Forest Research Institute Malaysia) (Universiti Malaysia Kelantan) Language Editor Jaswinder Kaur Cover image: Black-and-Red Broadbill, Cymbirhynchus macrorhyncos (Photo credit: Lisette van Kolfschoten) ©Universiti Malaysia Sabah 2016 Date of issue: 2016-10-15 Printed by Print Zone, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah.Tel: +6088-731750 Contents Journal of Tropical Biology and Conservation 13 (2016) Carbon Sequestration in Selected Grass Species in a Tropical Lowland Rainforest at Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. Odiwe A.I, Olanrewaju G.O, Raimi I.O.............................................................................................1-12 Studies on Congregating Fireflies (Coleoptera; Lampyridae; Pteroptyx sp.) in Sabah, Malaysia: A Review. Mahadimenakbar M. Dawood, Fiffy Hanisdah Saikim.....13-25 Protection of Rafflesia through the Appreciation of the Dusun’s Indigenous Knowledge; A Preliminary Case Study at Poring-Sabah. Robert Francis Peters, Yap Yih Ting......................................................................................27-42 The Diversity of Birds in Kota Belud Bird Sanctuary, Sabah. Nur Syamimi Makbul, Anna Wong..................................................................................43-56 SRAP Markers Based Genetic Analysis of Silene Species. Tahereh Aghaee Bargish, Fatemeh Rahmani.........................................................................57-70 The Checklist of Plants Occurring at the Abandoned Mamut Copper Mine, Sabah, Malaysia. Kartini Saibeh, John Sugau , Rimi Repin...............................71-84 Ethnobotanical Study of Sasak Ethnic, East Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara. Mulyati Rahayu, Himmah Rustiami, Rugayah..................................................85-99 Brief Mist-netting and Update of New Record of Bats at Tumunong Hallu in Silam Coast Conservation Area (SCCA), Lahad Datu, Sabah, Malaysia. Grace Pounsin, Simon Lagundi, Isham Azhar , Mohd. Tajuddin Abdullah......................101-118 A Note on Selliguea murudensis (C. Chr.) Parris (Polypodiaceae), a New Record of Fern for Mount Alab, Crocker Range Park, Sabah. Luiza Majuakim, Florina Anthony..................................................................................119-123 Short Notes on Fireflies of Sungai Kawang, Sabah. Kevin Foo, Mahadimenakbar M. Dawood...................................................................................125-128 First Record of the Female of the Praying Mantis Mythomantis serrata (Order: Mantodea) from Sabah, Borneo. Nurain Musi, Nazirah Mustaffa , Bakhtiar Effendi Yahya.....................................................................................129-134 Diversity and Geographical Ranges of Insects in Crocker Range Forest Reserve, Sabah, Malaysia. Arthur Y. C. Chung, Steven Bosuang, Richard Majapun, Reuben Nilus......................................................................................135-155 Nest density of the Black-and-Red Broadbill (Cymbirhynchus macrorhyncos) along the Kinabatangan River, in Relation to Riverine Habitat Reduction. Lisette van Kolfschoten, Salani Selveno, Danica J. Stark, Menno Schilthuizen...........157-168 Journal of Tropical Biology and Conservation 13: 1–12, 2016 ISSN 1823-3902 Research Article Carbon Sequestration in Selected Grass Species in a Tropical Lowland Rainforest at Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria Odiwe A.I1*, Olanrewaju G.O1, Raimi I.O2 1 Department of Botany, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria. 2 Institute of Ecology and Environmental Studies, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria. *Corresponding author: [email protected] Abstract Dry matter production and carbon stock in the pools of Panicum maximum, Axonopus compressus and Cynodon dactylon grass species were evaluated within the Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. This was with a view to provide information on grass species serving as carbon sink and to assess their contribution to carbon stock in the terrestrial ecosystem. Four 15 m x 15 m sampling plots were established in each of the grass species sites; the plant samples were harvested by randomly placing ten 1m x 1m quadrats. The harvested plants were divided into above and below ground biomass. Floor litters (residue) samples were also collected. Ten soil samples were randomly collected from ten points in each plot at a depth of 0-20 cm, air-dried and analyzed for carbon content. Bulk density was also determined in each plot. The harvested plants were oven dried at 70°C to a constant weight, weighed, ground and analyzed for organic carbon content. There were significant differences (p < 0.05) in the dry matter production, carbon concentration and carbon stock across the three grass species. Panicum maximum had the highest dry matter production and carbon stock in the above and below ground biomass. It also had the highest carbon concentration in below ground biomass. The results concluded that grasslands can serve as a terrestrial carbon sink and their contribution varied across the studied grass species. Keywords: Biomass, carbon stock, floor litters, Panicum maximum, sequestration, soil carbon. Introduction Carbon sequestration is the process of capturing and long-term storage of atmospheric carbon dioxide (Roger & Brent, 2012). Carbon sequestration describes long-term storage of carbon dioxide or other forms of carbon to either mitigate or defer global warming and avoid dangerous climate change (Holden, 2008). It has been proposed as a way to slow the atmospheric and Received 12 February 2015 Reviewed 28 May 2015 Accepted 15 September 2015 Published 15 October 2016 2 Odiwe et al. marine accumulation of greenhouse gases, which are released by burning fossil fuels (Holden, 2008). Carbon dioxide is naturally captured from the atmosphere through biological, chemical or physical processes. Some anthropogenic sequestration techniques exploit these natural processes, while some use entirely artificial processes (Roger & Brent, 2012). Terrestrial ecosystems constitute a major carbon sink owing to photosynthesis and storage of carbon dioxide in live and dead organic matter. Due to its numerous ancillary benefits (e.g. improved soil and water quality, restoration of degraded ecosystems, increased crop yield), terrestrial carbon sequestration is often termed as a win–win or no-regrets strategy (Lal et al., 2003). There are three principal components of terrestrial carbon sequestration: forests, soils and wetlands. Forest carbon is sequestered not only in harvestable timber, but also in woody debris, wood products and other woody plants encroaching upon grasslands (Wofsy, 2001). Many debates have taken place on differences in the effectiveness of trees and native grasses in serving as carbon sinks (Piperno, 2006). It has been reported that trees and forest soils
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