E-202 VOL.21 CHAD EXPORT Public Disclosure Authorized PROJECT Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized VOLUME 3
Compensation & Resettlement Plan Public Disclosure Authorized ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
CHAD PORTION ENVIRONMENTALASSESSMENT EXECUTIVESUMMARY AND UPDATE
Envirornmental Suprtn Environmental ManagementPlan - Documents ManagementPlan - Chad Portion Cameroon Portion VOLUMEI VOLUME1 VOLUME1 * BaseDocument * ProjectDescription * BaseDocument * ManagementPlan for CulturalProperties * Decommissioning * InducedAccess ManagementPlan * Handbookfor Site-Specific * List of StudieslReports * ManagementPlan for CulturalProperties EnvironmentalMitigation Actions - List of Consultants/Experts * Handbookfor Site-SpecificEnvironmental * EnvironmentalMonitoring Plan VOLUME2 MitigationActions VOLUME2 - AlternativesAnalysis * EnvironmentalMonitoring Plan * Biophysical/SocioeconomictHealth VOLUME3 VOLUME2 TechnicalRequirements and * Consultationand Public ReviewProgram * Biophysical/Socioeconomic/Health Specifications TechnicalRequirements and Specifications VOLUME 4 VOLUME3 * Oil Spill Response:Preliminary VOLUME3 Compensation& ResettlementPlan Approach * CompensationPlan VOLUME4 VOLUME5 VOLUME4 * RegionalDevelopment Plan: * Chad BiologicalStudies * EnvironmentalFoundation Plan NearTerm Measures * CameroonBiological Studies * OffsiteEnvironmental Enhancement Program * RevenueManagement Plan * IndigenousPeoples Plan * InstitutionalCapacity Building VOLUME 6 *Chad Public Health VOLUME5 VOLUME5 * CameroonPublic Health * Waste ManagementPlan * WasteManagement Plan VOLUME6 VOLUME6 * EnvironmentalLine List * EnvironmentalLine List * EnvironmentalAlignment Sheets * EnvironmentalAlignment Sheets
REFERENCEDOCUMENTS
4/29/99 The following document is available in both English and French. ENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENT PLAN CHAD PORTION VOLUME 3 CHAD COMPENSATIONAND RESETTLEMENTPLAN
May 1999
06-99 CHADRESETTLEMENTAND COMPENSATION PLAN ENWRONMENTALMANAGEMENT PLAN CHADEXPORT PROJECT CHADPORTION - VOLUME3
ACKNOWLEDGMENTSAND LISTOF CONTRIBUTORS
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
EEPCI and TOTCO would like to extend their appreciationto the following individuals and organizationsfor their contributions,reviews, and commentson the Chad Compensationand ResettlementPlan.
* Governmentof Chad: - NationalCommittee for TechnicalMonitoring and Supervision(CTNSC) - Ministryof Minesand Petroleum - Ministryof Environmentand Tourism - Ministryof Agricultureand ONDR - Membersof COLONG * Membersof CILONG * CEFOD * CIRAD-CA,Bebedjia * Other Local and InternationalNGOs * Local populationsof villagesand cantonswho contributedideas, energy, and comments * Assistantsto the senior consultant: Gos NgoniriMbayro and Belyo Jean-Pierre,and driver Daniel * Staff at the Kome Base Camp
In late January and early Februaryof 1998, a brief study was conducted by a joint group of EEPCI and/or TOTCO representatives,Govemment of Chad (CTNSC), NGO representatives through COLONG/Cilong,a representativeof CIRAD, and representativesof EEPCI and/or TOTCO. While all members of this group contributedto the data collection and ideas for compensation,EEPCI and/or TOTCO assumes responsibilityfor the content. EEPCI and TOTCO express its appreciationto membersof the joint study for their contributions.
* Govemmentof Chad (CTNSC) - Mr. Gag Bagdra,Adjunct Directorfor Water Resourcesand Meteorology - Mr. Paul FrancisNgaradoumri, CTNSC and Ministryof Agriculture * NGOs Proposedby COLONG
- Mr. MiankeolDjeralar, ASSAILD
Chad CRP Eng 05-05.doc i May 1999 CHADRESETTLEMENT AND COMPENSATIONPLAN ENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENT PLAN CHADPORTION - VOLUME3 CHADEXPORT PROJECT
- Mr. Pascal Service, BELACD-Moundou
* CIRAD
- Mr. Jean Ngamine, Project Head, Land Management Project
LIST OF EEPCI and/or TOTCO CONTRIBUTORS
* Senior Consultant and Advisor: Dr. Ellen Patterson Brown, Independent Socioeconomic Consultant, Chevy Chase, MD
* Chad Compensation and Resefflement Plan Editor: Dr. Pandora E. Snethkamp, Independent Socioeconomic Consultant, Houston, TX
* On behalf of EEPCI and/or TOTCO: Mr. Ulrich Sellier, Mr. Clayton Kaul, Ms. Patricia Cabada, and Etienne Alingue
* Overall Chad Compensation and Resefflement Plan Manager on behalf of EEPCI and/or TOTCO: Mr. Mel Benson
Others: Mr. Alan Khatib, Ms. Claire Preece, Mr. Valentin Koibe (Translator)
May 1999 ii Chad CRP Eng05-05.doc CHADRESETTLEMENT AND COMPENSATIONPLAN ENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENT PLAN CHADEXPORT PROJECT CHADPORTION - VOLUME3
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0 INTRODUCTION ...... 1-1 1.1 INTRODUCTION...... 1-1 1.2 ELEMENTS OF THE PLAN ...... 1-2 1.3 PROPOSED PROJECT...... 1-3 1.4 SUPPORTING STUDIES AND ENVIRONMENTAL DOCUMENTS ...... 1-3 1.5 SOCIAL AND CULTURAL CONTEXT ...... 1-4 1.6 COMPENSATION FOR CUSTOMARY RIGHTS ...... 1-5 1.7 RESETTLEMENT, RESETTLEMENT ALTERNATIVES AND RELOCATION ...1-6 1.7.1 Early Project Planning for Resettlement and Resettlement Alternatives ...... 1-6 1.7.2 Early Project Planning for Relocation...... 1-7 1.7.3 Status of Resettlement and Relocation Cases (15 September 1998 - 20 March 1999)...... 1-8
2.0 DATA COLLECTION AND PUBLIC CONSULTATION ...... 2-1 2.1 INTRODUCTION ...... 2-1 2.1.1 Resettlement ...... 2-1 2.1.2 Compensation for Assets ...... 2-1 2.1.3 Valuation of Assets ...... 2-1 2.2 BASELINE DATA COLLECTION (1995-1996) ...... 2-2 2.2.1 Introduction ...... 2-2 2.2.2 Review of Public Records ...... 2-2 2.2.3 NGO Consultation...... 2-2 2.2.4 Urban Focus Groups...... 2-2 2.2.5 Local Authorities Consultation...... 2-3 2.2.6 Consultation on Pastoralist Issues ...... 2-3 2.2.7 Community Consultation...... 2-3 2.2.8 Individual Questionnaires ...... 2-4 2.2.9 Market Survey Questionnaires...... 2-5 2.3 RESETTLEMENT...... 2-6 2.3.1 Traditional Individual Resettlement ...... 2-6 2.3.2 Traditional Group Resettlement...... 2-7 2.3.3 Resettlement Data ...... 2-7 2.3.4 Social Meaning of Resettlement...... 2-9
Chad CRP Eng 05-05.doc fii May 1999 CHAD RESETrLEMENTAND COMPENSATIONPLAN ENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENT PLAN CHADPORTION -VOLUME 3 CHADEXPORT PROJECT
2.3.5 Zone Destined for Resettlement ...... 2-9 2.4 ONGOING DATA COLLECTION AND CONSULTATION EFFORTS ...... 2-10 2.4.1 Recent Data Collection (1998-1999) ...... 2-11 2.4.2 Compensation Consultation ...... 2-12 2.4.3 In-kind Compensation ...... 2-12 2.4.4 Cash Compensation...... 2-13 2.4.5 Project Database...... 2-13 2.4.6 Villages Potentially Affected by Pipeline and Infrastructure Improvements ...... 2-13
3.0 PROJECT LAND NEEDS ...... 3-1 3.1 INTRODUCTION ...... 3-1 3.2 TYPES OF LAND NEEDS AND USES ...... 3-1 3.3 TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM ...... 3-2 3.4 OIL FIELD DEVELOPMENT AREA ...... 3-3 3.5 RECLAIMED LAND MADE AVAILABLE TO PRE-CONSTRUCTION USERS .. 3-5 3.6 COMPENSATION AND THE DURATION/TYPES OF PROJECT LAND NEEDS ...... 3-5 3.6.1 Permanent Uses...... 3-5 3.6.2 Temporary Uses ...... 3-6
4.0 LEGAL AND CUSTOMARY LAND RIGHTS ...... 4-1 4.1 INTRODUCTION .. 4-1 4.2 LAND TENURE AND OWNERSHIP .4-1 4.2.1 National Domain.4-1 4.2.2 Privately Owned Land.4-2 4.3 LAND OCCUPATION -- OIL FIELD DEVELOPMENT AREA .4-2
4.4 LAND OCCUPATION -- TOTCO TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM.4-3 4.5 LAND TENURE UNDER CUSTOMARY RIGHTS.4-4 4.5.1 Customary Rights over Land Use.4-4 4.5.2 Traditional Categories of Land .4-5 4.5.3 Religious Oversight.4-6
5.0 COMPENSATION VALUATIONS FOR INDIVIDUAL AND HOUSEHOLD ASSETS HELD BY CUSTOMARY RIGHTS.5-1 5.1 INTRODUCTION .5-1 5.2 COMPENSATION PAYMENTS AND RELATED CONSIDERATIONS .5-1
May 1999 iv Chad CRP Eng 05-05.doc CHADRESETTLEMENT AND COMPENSATIONPLAN ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN CHADEXPORT PROJECT CHADPORTION - VOLUME3
5.2.1 Local Inflation...... 5-2 5.2.2 Lack of Banking Facilities...... 5-2 5.2.3 Location and Timing of Payments...... 5-2 5.3 COMPENSATION FOR FIELDS ...... 5-2 5.3.1 Field Measurement ...... 5-3 5.3.2 Calculation of Field Compensation Rate...... 5-3 5.3.3 Payment of Field Compensation...... 5-6 5.4 COMPENSATION FOR BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES ...... 5-6 5.5 COMPENSATION FOR SACRED SITES ...... 5-8 5.5.1 Ritual Sites...... 5-9 5.5.2 Objects...... 5-9 5.5.3 Locations ...... 5-9 5.5.4 Tombs and Cemeteries...... 5-9 5.6 COMPENSATION FOR KITCHEN GARDENS AND BEEHIVES ...... 5-9 5.6.1 Kitchen Gardens ...... 5-9 5.6.2 Beehives ...... 5-10 5.7 COMPENSATION FOR TREES ...... 5-10 5.7.1 Mango Trees ...... 5-10 5.7.2 Other Domestic Fruit and Shade Trees...... 5-13 5.7.3 Individually Owned Wild, Productive Trees...... 5-14 5.8 COMPENSATION FOR FISHERIES ...... 5-14 5.9 SEMI-SEDENTARY AND TRANSHUMANT PASTORALISTS ...... 5-14
6.0 INDIVIDUALIHOUSEHOLD COMPENSATION AND RESETTLEMENT ..... 6-1 6.1 INTRODUCTION ...... 6-1 6.2 TYPE OF IMPACTS ...... 6-1 6.3 RESETTLEMENT AND RESETTLEMENT ALTERNATIVES ...... 6-3 6.4 ELIGIBILITY FOR RESETTLEMENT AND ALTERNATIVES .. 6-4 6.5 RESETTLEMENT ...... 6-4 6.6 IMPROVED AGRICULTURAL TECHNIQUES ...... 6-5 6.7 OFF-FARM INCOME ...... 6-6 6.8 MONITORING RESETTLEMENT ...... 6-7 6.9 STEPS IN COMPENSATION/RESETTLEMENT PROCESS ...... 6-8 6.9.1 Notification...... 6-8 6.9.2 Documentation of Holdings and Assets...... 6-8
ChadCRP Eng 05-05.doc v May 1999 CHADRESETTLEMENT AND COMPENSAT7ONPLAN ENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENT PLAN CHAD PORTION - VOLUME 3 CHAD EXPORT PROJECT
6.9.3 Agreementon Compensationand Preparationof Contracts...... 6-9 6.9.4 CompensationPayments ...... 6-9 6.9.5 GrievanceProcedure ...... 6-9 6.9.6 Compensationof Chiefs,Secretaries, and Elders...... 6-9
7.0 COMMUNITY COMPENSATION ...... 7-1 7.1 INTRODUCTION...... 7-1 7.2 RESOURCESFOR WHICH COMPENSATIONWILL BE PAID ...... 7-1 7.2.1 PermanentLoss of CommunalLand ...... 7-1 7.2.2 Impactson CommunitySocial and EconomicStructure ...... 7-1 7.3 COMMUNITYCOMPENSATION TO ALWAYSBE IN-KIND ...... 7-2 7.4 ELIGIBILITYFOR VILLAGE-LEVELCOMPENSATION ...... 7-2 7.4.1 Loss of CommunalLand ...... 7-2 7.4.2 CommunitySocial and EconomicStructure ...... 7-2 7.4.3 VillageCompensation at the Canton Level...... 7-3 7.4.4 VillageCompensation at the Sub-PrefectureLevel ...... 7-3 7.5 COMMUNITYPARTICIPATION IN DETERMININGCOMPENSATION ... 7-4 7.6 REUSEOF TEMPORARILYUSED LANDS...... 7-5
8.0 IMPLEMENTATION, MONITORING, AND EVALUATION...... 8-1 8.1 INTRODUCTION...... 8-1 8.2 ACTIVITIESLEADING TO COMPENSATIONAND RESETTLEMENT...... 8-1 8.2.1 PublicConsultation Program ...... 8-1 8.2.2 Trainingand CulturalAwareness Program ...... 8-2 8.2.3 ImprovedAgriculture Techniques ...... 8-2 8.2.4 Activitiesin the Oil Field DevelopmentArea ...... 8-3 8.2.5 Land Easement/CenterlineSurvey ...... 8-3 8.3 ORGANIZATIONALROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES ...... 8-3 8.3.1 EEPCIand/or TOTCO ...... 8-4 8.3.2 NationalCommittee for TechnicalMonitoring and Supervision (CTNSC)...... 8-5 8.4 MONITORINGCOMPENSATION AND RESETTLEMENT ...... 8-5 8.4.1 EDRMilestones ...... 8-5 8.4.2 Compensationand ResettlementProgram Monitoring Group ...... 8-5 8.4.3 Governmentof Chad Monitoring...... 8-6 8.4.4 World Bank Monitoring...... 8-6
May 1999 vi Chad CRP Eng 05-05.doc CHADRESETTLEMENT AND COMPENSATIONPLAN ENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENT PLAN CHADEXPORT PROJECT CHADPORTION - VOLUME 3
8.5 SOCIOECONOMICMONITORING PARAMETERS ...... 8-6 8.5.1 VerifiableIndicators and Timelines: ...... 8-7 8.6 RECORD-KEEPINGREQUIREMENTS ...... 8-8 8.7 CHANGEMANAGEMENT PROCESS ...... 8-9 8.7.1 Introduction...... 8-9 8.7.2 GrievanceProcedures for Compensationand Resettlement...... 8-10 8.7.3 GrievanceProcedures for Damages...... 8-11 8.7.4 ImplementingChanges in Compensationand Resettlement...... 8-11 8.8 MAKINGRECLAIMED LANDS AVAILABLE TO COMMUNITIES...... 8-11 8.9 FINALEVALUATION ...... 8-12 8.9.1 Compensationand ResettlementPlan Monitors...... 8-12 8.9.2 World Bank ProjectCompletion Report .8-12 8.9.3 EEPCIReview .8-12 8.10 OPERATIONS-PHASECOMPENSATION AND RESETTLEMENT...... 8-12
APPENDICES
AppendixA GLOSSARYOF TERMS Appendix B ELIGIBILITYFOR RESETTLEMENT Introduction EconomicViability and Needfor Resettlement SocioeconomicData Analysis Need for Resettlement VulnerableHouseholds RecordingData on Eligibility AppendixC IMPLEMENTATIONOF IMPROVEDAGRICULTURAL TECHNIQUES IN THE OIL FIELD DEVELOPMENTAREA Introduction BackgroundInformation on Agriculturein SouthernChad OFDA ImprovedAgricultural Techniques AppendixD VILLAGEAND INDIVIDUALEMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES Introduction ProjectEmployment Opportunities for Individuals Labor-IntensiveVillage Employment AppendixE SUMMARYOF COMPENSATIONAND RESETTLEMENTACTIVITIES AS OF FEBRUARY1999
Chad CRP Eng 05-05.doc vii May 1999 CHAD RESETTLEMENTAND COMPENSATIONPLAN ENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENT PLAN CHAD PORTION- VOLUME3 CHADEXPORT PROJECT
TABLES
Table 1-1 Compensation and Resettlement Goals Table 1-2 World Bank Directives Related to Resettlement Table 2-1 Public Consultation and Socioeconomic Data Collection Table 2-2 Market Surveys Completed Table 2-3 Traditional Resettlement Table 3-1 Types of Land Needs and Uses Table 3-2 Summary of Estimated Project Land Needs Table 5-1 Individual Compensation Rates Table 6-1 Timing of Compensation and Resettlement Activities Table 8-1 World Bank Monitoring Requirements Table B-1 Number of Cordes in Cultivation Table B-2 Ratio of Fields to Fallow Table C-1 Improved Agricultural Techniques Table D-1 Individual Employment Table E-1 Status of Resettlement Alternatives, Resettlement and Relocation Dossiers as of January 20, 1999 Table E-2 Options Selected by Households Eligible for Resettlement Table E-3 Resettlement by Relocation Table E-4 Summary of Individuals Needing to Relocate Houses Table E-5 Summary of Land Acquired and Compensation Paid for Crops by Village (OFDA - PPE) Table E-6 Individual Questionnaire (Visit) Table E-7 Individual Questionnaire (Concession - Habitation) Table E-8 Individual Questionnaire (Construction -1) Table E-9 Community Compensation Table E-10 Community Compensation (Infrastructure Communautaire) Table E-1 1 Example of Completed Individual Compensation Dossier Table E-12 Number of Mango Trees Compensated Table E-13 Number of Fruit and Shade Trees Compensated by Village Table E-14 Number of Individually Owned Wild, Productive Trees Compensated by Village
May 1999 viii Chad CRP Eng 05-05.doc CHADRESETTLEMENT AND COMPENSATON PLAN ENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENT PLAN CHADEXPORT PROJECT CHADPORTION - VOLUME3
FIGURES
Figure 1-1 OverviewMap Figure1-2 AdministrativeBoundaries of LogoneOriental Prefecture Figure 1-3 Land AcquisitionProcess Figure 1-4 Compensationfor SacredSites Figure2-1 Locationof VillagesSampled Figure3-1 Oil Field DevelopmentArea Figure4-1 Land Occupation:EEPCI Oil Field DevelopmentArea Figure4-2 Land Occupation:TOTCO TransportationSystem Figure4-3 EthnicGroups Figure5-1 TranshumantPastoralists Routes Figure6-1 CompensationProcess
Chad CRP Eng 05-05.doc ix May 1999 THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLYLEFT BLANK CHADRESErTLEMENT AND COMPENSATIONPLAN ENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENT PLAN CHADEXPORT PROJECT CHADPORTION - VOLUME3
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 INTRODUCTION
The Chad Export ProjectCompensation and ResettlementPlan was developedto meet World Bank Directives on compensationand involuntaryresettlement. The Plan's basic goals and principles(Table 1-1)are shared by Esso Explorationand ProductionChad Inc. (EEPCI),Tchad Oil TransportationCompany (TOTCO), its co-venturers,the World Bank, and the Governmentof Chad, and are intendedto minimize disruptionto local peoples. This philosophy considers resettlementas the last resort to Project-drivenchanges in land use. The Plan calls for fair, adequate, and monitored compensationfor adversely affected individuals, households, and communities. The disruptionof local peoplesis to be minimized,and the social fabric of Project area communitiesrespected.
An earlier version of the Planentitled Chad Compensationand ResettlementPlan, Chad Export Project, dated February1998 was distributedboth nationallyand internationallyfor comments. In addition,extensive consultation has occurredin rural communitiesconcerning the Plan during 1998. Commentsreceived were assessedand adjustmentmade to the Plan as needed.
Between February 1998 and February 1999, the following have been accomplishedon the Chad Compensationand ResettlementPlan:
* The TransportationSystem Centerline Survey (CLS)was completedin December1998. * All individualfiles for the Oil Field DevelopmentArea (OFDA) and the pipeline easement were completedin January 1999, including 126 files in the OFDA, 456 files in the pipeline easement,and 26 infrastructurefiles. * All cash compensationto individualsaffected by the Projecthas been paid in the OFDA and alongthe pipelineeasement. * All in-kind compensationrequests have been filled out by the affected individuals, and EEPCI and/or TOTCO are orderingthe compensationgoods for delivery over the next few months. * All resettlementand relocationcases in the OFDA have been identified,and families have given their consent. There are no such cases alongthe pipelineeasement. * A road surveywas carried out in January-February1999.
An estimatedtotal of 2124 hectares(ha) of land will be needed, most only temporarily,during construction. Of this total, 203 ha (10 percent)was acquiredduring exploratory and delineation drilling through 1994. The remaining 90 percent of the land needs will be acquired in two phases:
Chad CRP Eng 05-05.doc 1-1 May 1999 CHADRESETTLEMENT AND COMPENSATIONPLAN ENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENT PLAN CHADPORTION - VOLUME3 CHADEXPORT PROJECr
Phase l: A compensationprocess has been underwaysince September1998 to acquire890 ha (42 percent) for the permanentproduction facilities and related infrastructure(337 ha) and the pipelineeasement (553 ha).
Phase II: The remaining48 percent will be acquired over a period of three years, for drilling wells and for the constructionof flow lines, manifolds,trunk lines, power lines and secondary roads leading to the well sites.
At the end of constructionand developmentdrilling, only about 457 ha (22 percentof the total 2124 ha) will be permanentlyclosed to public use during EEPCI and/or TOTCO's operations phase. To accomplish this, when economically and technically feasible, land needed temporarily during construction will be made available to communities either as public improvementsor reclaimedland.
The following sections present procedures for determining eligibility for compensation, resettlement,and resettlementalternatives. Implementationprocedures and the basis on which compensation is calculated are explained. The Plan was based on Project design and scheduling as of the first quarter of 1998. Section 8.0 sets forth proceduresfor managing changesthat may occur as the Projector local conditionsevolve.
1.2 ELEMENTSOF THE PLAN
Key elements include:
* Minimizing Project land use, reclaimingland after construction,and making as much land available as possibleto customaryusers. * Designingthe Projectto avoid villagerelocation. * Meeting the intent of World Bankguidelines on reseKtlementand all local laws. * RecognizingChad's uniquecultural and legal issues. * Minimizing potential resettlement estimated to affect approximately 80 households. However,the Planallows for a maximumof 150households to be resettled. * Modeling resettlementon the existing cultural institution of resettlement,common among ethnic groups in the area. * Determining compensationvalues based on extensive data collection and socioeconomic analysis in the area. * Providingfor EEPCIand/or TOTCO paymentfor compensationand resettlementat current market values.
May 1999 1-2 Chad CRP Eng 05-05.doc CHADRESETTLEMENT AND COMPENSA77ONPLAN ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN CHADEXPORT PROJECT CHADPORTION - VOLUME3
* Incorporating preferences voiced during extensive consultation with local peoples, Non- Governmental Agencies (NGOs), and other stakeholders.
* Providing compensation for both private landowners and customary users.
1.3 PROPOSED PROJECT
The Chad Export Project will produce, transport, and sell oil to world markets in a manner that balances Chad's environmental, economic, and social needs. Three oil fields in Logone Oriental Prefecture will be developed and a pipeline Transportation System built across Cameroon to a floating offshore storage facility in southwestern Cameroon (Figure 1-1).
In Chad, most activity will occur in the Oil Field Development Area (OFDA) in the Cantons of Bero, Kome, and Miandoum (Figure 1-2), where plans call for constructing production facilities and for drilling about 300 wells. Facilities have been sited to avoid settlements and include an operations center, storage areas, roads, an airfield, and housing. Placement of facilities is known except for well drill pads and associated lines. Wells will be sited over a period of several years as data are collected and analyzed from initial test and production wells.
1.4 SUPPORTING STUDIES AND ENVIRONMENTAL DOCUMENTS
The 1997 version of the Environmental Assessmente (EA) of the Chad Export Project was prepared to meet World Bank guidelines. The EA identified physical, biological, and human socioeconomic environmental issues in order to avoid adverse impacts or to minimize through redesign early in the Project planning process and adoption of mitigation measures for the environment.
The 1997 version of the Environmental Management Plan2 (EMP) to meet World Bank guidelines was also prepared. The EMP provides summaries of specific biophysical, socioeconomic, and health-related Project expectations and issues, along with associated Project mitigation and monitoring actions. Other elements of the EMP include discussion of roles and responsibilities of key participants (e.g., EEPCI and/or TOTCO and the Government of Chad), oversight organizations, and environmental management tools.
Socioeconomic studies related to potential Project impacts and resettlement were completed in support of the EA and preparation of this Plan. Field studies are continuously being conducted by Dr. Ellen Brown who has 30 years of research experience in Chad. In her first study for the Project in 1995-96, Dr. Brown and her team of Chadian sociological assistants completed over
Dames & Moore, October 1997, Environmental Assessment, Chad Export Project: Chad Portion, Esso Exploration and ProductionChad, Inc. 2 Chad Export Project, Environmental Management Plan, Exxon Production Research Company, 1997.
ChadCRP Eng 05-05.doc 1-3 May1999 CHADRESErLEMENTrAND COMPENSATIONPLAN ENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENT PLAN CHADPORTION - VOLUME3 CHADEXPORT PROJECT 13 work months of on-the-groundresearch and extensive public consultation. Appendix B, "Human Environment," of EnvironmentalAssessment contains the full 140-page text of Dr. Brown's researchreport.
Consultationwas carried out in 61 communities(villages and towns), where residentsproposed ideas and debatedpropositions about resettlementand compensation(Section 2.0). Many plan recommendationswere advancedby the people potentiallyimpacted, the local populations in the OFDA cantons. Compensationvaluations evolved out of the population's previous experienceswith compensationand their judgment of what is fair, both for individualsand for the community.
Dr. Brownalso studied currentand on-goingincreases in pressureon land in the local slash and burn/mulchfarming system. This increasedpressure has resultedin decreasingsoil fertility. To minimize the potential impact of project land needs, early Project redesign resulted in a significantreduction in Projectland needs.
Communityconsultation and a Public ConsultationProgram have provided,and will continue to provide, informationon the scope and natureof Project activities,and issues of concern,such as the availability of jobs, and updates on the Project's progress. Village meetings and consultationswere held on several occasionsin almost 100 villages. Villages in the Project vicinity were informed of possible land needs and resettlementoptions during Phase I (1998- 1999), the pre-constructionperiod. Likewise,village meetingsand consultationswill be held during Phase II of the Project,the pre-drillingstage.
Additional socioeconomic information was collected during the 1998 Centerline survey. Ongoing consultationand "effect monitoring"throughout Project constructionwill indicate the degreeto which EEPCIand/or TOTCO socioeconomic goals are achieved(Section 8.0).
1.5 SOCIALAND CULTURALCONTEXT
Social-culturalvalues moldedthe compensationprinciples.
VALUE RESPONSE A villagehas a powerfulattachment to Facilitieswere sited to avoidvillages; minimize land needs; its location. andmake reclaimed land available to communities. Peopleattach both emotional and Individualswill be compensatedfor their labor investment, as economicvalue to the laborthey wellas formaterials. investin theirfields and homes. Community-wideagreement is the Community-widesupport was solicited for the Planand will be basisfor all action. soughtthroughout the compensationand resettlement process.
May 1999 1-4 Chad CRP Eng 05-05.doc CHADRESETTLEMENTAND COMPENSATION PLAN ENW!RONMENTALMANAGEMENT PLAN CHADEXPORTPROJECT CHADPORTION - VOLUME3
VALUE RESPONSE Equality is highly valued. There is a Community compensation avoids creating "haves" and "have- strong cultural bias against creating nots," and allows strong and positive social ties and "haves" and "have-nots." integration into a host community. A cultural value of people living in the The compensation process for directly affected peoples will be area is that any act of giving or taking open and transparent. involves not equal treatment, but . Compensation rates will be simple and straightforward, to preference and discrimination. make it easy for the local population to recognize that Taking land from one person or compensation has been fairly paid. village, compensating some a Public consultation in affected areas will clearly explain individuals or groups and not others is what will and will not be compensated for and when likely to be viewed as discrimination someone is eligible for compensation. or preference. . The goal is to have one person see that the same standard l______applies to him as to others.
Even though the Plan contains compensation and resettlement processes and valuations proposed and agreed to by most of the population, it is inevitable that some individuals in this culture will perceive partiality and favoritism. Social-cultural values were followed throughout the compensation process. The overall compensation process was simple and straightforward and all affected individuals were treated with the same high-level standards set by EEPCI and/or TOTCO. Public consultation and transparency is important, but will not completely avoid dissent and dissatisfaction. EEPCI and/or TOTCO continues to be proactive with their public consultation program.
1.6 COMPENSATION FOR CUSTOMARY RIGHTS
Land acquisition and compensation will meet Chadian law (Section 4.0) and World Bank compensation principles and will recognize customary rights. This procedure is illustrated in Figure 1-3.
Since most land needed by EEPCI and/or TOTCO is held by customary rights, this Plan addresses a number of issues related to these rights, including the following.
ISSUE RESPONSE Establishing a generous net land yield Establishing a value for the net yield of the land so farmers can purchase replacement staples even when market prices may be at their peak. Including value of labor in valuation of Setting the value of farmland at the monetary equivalent of farmland labor invested in preparing and cultivating a field, allowing the user to reestablish an equivalent field elsewhere. Moving cultural sites and burial places Moving sites, when possible and providing compensation as per mutual agreement between EEPCI and/or TOTCO and the local population concerned (Figure 1-4).
Chad CRP Eng 05-05.doc 1-5 May 1999 CHADRESETTLEMENT AND COMPENSATIONPLAN ENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENT PLAN CHAD PORTION- VOLUME3 CHADEXPORT PROJECT
ISSUE RESPONSE Recognizingthat customaryrights Many peopledepend on land to whichthey do not have legal may exist on titled lands title for their livelihood. In rural areas customaryusers sometimescontinue to use land, unawarethat it has been acquiredlegally by someoneelse. In such cases, both the legal titleholderand the customaryrights userwill be compensated Importanceof bush Recognizingthat bush is in fact extremelyvaluable to the community,compensation will be paid as part of community compensation.
Compensation valuations are discussed in Section 5.0 and include a combination of cash, in- kind compensation, and technical assistance. Both individual and community compensation will be provided.
* Individuals will receive compensation for customarily held investments and assets that covers the replacement cost of such investments which have been surrendered or abandoned because of direct Project activity or resettlement (Sections 5.0 and 6.0).
* In-kind community compensation will be paid to villages that undergo significant impacts as a result of Project resettlement (Section 7.0). - Information pertaining to individual compensation is discussed in Section 2.4.1 and Appendix E.
1.7 RESETTLEMENT, RESETTLEMENT ALTERNATIVES AND RELOCATION
World Bank Guidelines require that the potential for involuntary resettlement be considered as per World Bank Operational Directive 4.30. This resettlement policy addresses both resettlement of families to new locations, as well as relocation of family structures and fields within the same community. This plan provides for resettlement modeled on traditional existing social institutions.
1.7.1 Early Project Planning for Resettlement and Resefflement Alternatives
Early Project planning minimized the potential for resefflement. The number of individuals or households who are at risk of no longer being economically viable because of Project land needs was evaluated on the basis of Project land needs, the average surface area used by a farmer, and the fact that almost half of households have two independent farmers with their own fields. It is estimated that, at maximum, 150 households will be eligible for resettlement. Up to 31 January 1999, with 42 percent of the land needs filled, 18 households in the OFDA were eligible for resettlement (Table E-1). Six out of the 18-chose off-farm income training as an altemative option (Table E-2).
May 1999 1-6 Chad CRP Eng 05-05.doc CHADRESETTLEMENT AND COMPENSATIONPLAN ENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENT PLAN CHADEXPORT PROJECT CHAD PORTION- VOLUME3
The Plan proposedthat families who resettle would be given technical support, advice, and assistance during their move and transition period in addition to compensation for any investmentssurrendered or abandoned. Resettlementplans includemitigation measures such as improved agriculture. A latrine will be included as part of any new house construction. Therefore, the environmentalimpact of resettlementactivities is expectedto be no greater or less than the traditional resettlementon which it is modeled. All these measures are being followedclosely in the resettlementprocess.
In addition,EEPCI and/or TOTCO offers two alternativesto resettlementfollowing a facilitated decision-makingprocess. This decision processwill help householdsdecide which decision, resettlementor an altemativefits their particularcircumstances. If individualsopt not to resettle, they may chooseone of the followingoptions:
* ImprovedAgricultural Techniques:Individuals may choose to learn improved agricultural techniques facilitated by EEPCI and/or TOTCO and to receive one year of agricultural credits (Section6.6). * Off-Farm Income: Individuals who have some off-farm skills or realistic business opportunities may choose to receive a year's tuition for approved local skills-training programs,and low-interestloans for tools or materialsneeded (Section 6.7). * Subsistencefarming is likely to remainthe major livelihoodof most people in the area. But the EA, supportedby other studies,has shownthat the currentagricultural system -- without the Project -- is not sustainablein the longer term. BecauseEEPCI and/or TOTCO land needs will increase village land pressure, the Project will facilitate improved agricultural techniquesthat attemptto slow the decline in local soil fertility, promotethe growth of high yield/highvalue crops, and lower the rate at which bush land is clearedand cultivated.
1.7.2 Early ProjectPlanning for Relocation
Farmersoften build adjunct structuresin their fields, especiallyfields that are distant from their main homestead. They build these structuresfor storage of their seeds and harvestedcrops and for convenience. If land neededby the Projectcontains such structures,compensation will provide for the replacementof these structures in different, but nearby locations. In other words, the structureswill be relocatedwithin the communitythe householdcurrently resides.
People also constructtemporary sheltersor housingin their distant fields. They live in these distant fields during part or all of the rainy seasonand returnto their villagesonce work in those fields has been accomplished. If Project land requirementsaffect these structures during the rainy season,the housingwill be relocated. The family is assistedin movingtheir effects, as is the case with resettlement. As the family retains a viable amount of agricultural land, only relocationin a convenientplace is necessary.
Chad CRP Eng 05-05.doc 1-7 May 1999 CHADRESETTLEMENT AND COMPENSATIONPLAN ENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENT PLAN CHAD PORTION- VOLUME3 CHADEXPORT PROJECT
1.7.3 Status of Resettlement and Relocation Cases (15 September 1998 - 20 March 1999)
All individualsand householdswho will be relocated(within the currentvillage they reside in) or resettled (in the villages otherthan those they to reside in) during Phase I have been identified and have given their consent (Table E-1). All homesteadsand fields that will be abandoned because of resettlement have been identified, measured and catalogued. Procurement of construction materialsfor reconstructionof homesteadsbegan in December1998. Resettlers have identified and gained accessto replacementfields. Everyonewho is being resettledhas decidedon and gained accessto a destinationvillage.
There are 18 casesin the OFDA who qualifyfor resettlement. Five individualshave decidedto resettle (Table E-3). They have picked their resettlementlocations and have established resettlementtimelines. Six others have alreadymade replacementfields and/or movedon their own. Seven have acquired additional land from relatives and will continue to farm in their present area, withoutresettling. Six individualshave opted for the off-farm income option and have chosen a profession in keeping with their abilities and their present situation and, therefore,will not be resettled. There are no resettlementcases along the pipelineeasement.
There are 21 relocationcases in the OFDA. Relocationfiles have been opened for 17 cases. All information on current housing has been gathered for relocation. Individuals have made decisionsas to where they will relocate their homes. (Table E-4). Each affected individualhas chosen a new house site and has indicatedits location to EEPCI and/or TOTCO in order for constructionof replacementhousing to take place. All housesto be relocatedare in the Canton of Bero, in two administrativevillages, Bero 2 and Dildo, and in two geographic villages, Dodangti (quarterof Bero 2) and Mbayande(quarter of Dildo). There are no relocationcases along the pipelineeasement.
May 1999 1-8 Chad CRP Eng05-05.doc CHADRESETTLEMENT AND COMPENSATIONPLAN ENVRONMENTALMANAGEMENT PLAN CHAD EXPORTPROJECT CHADPORTION - VOLUME3
Table 1-1 Compensationand ResettlementGoals
PHILOSOPHY
* The local populationsees the compensationas fair and equitablebased on:
- local African cultural values, - peoplereceiving what is perceivedas fair. * Compensationis as transparentas possible. * The compensationprocess treats peopleand resourcesin exactly the same way whenever possible.
GOALSAND OBJECTIVES
COMPENSATION
* Affected people's standard of living will not be less than their current conditions when compensationis complete. - Both holdersof legaltitle to land and traditionalland users are compensated. - Project is conductedin a mannerthat assuresthe land is availablefor use when neededfor project constructionand operations. * Compensationis perceivedas fair by the local population.
RESETTLEMENT
* Need for resettlementis limitedthrough Projectdesign. * Desirablealternatives to resettlementare providedto affectedpeople. * Affected peoplehave adequatetime and resourcesto reestablishthemselves. * Resettlementfollows traditionalprocedures of local culture. * Compensationand resettlementdo not createdissension within local population. * Compensationand resettlementactivities are fair.
CONTINUINGSUPPORT
* People in both impacted and surroundingareas continue to be supportive of the Chad DevelopmentProject.
Chad CRP Eng 05-05.doc 1-9 May 1999 CHADRESETTLEMENT AND COMPENSATIONPLAN ENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENT PLAN CHADPORTION - VOLUME3 CHADEXPORT PROJECT
Table 1-2 World Bank DirectivesRelated to Reseftlement
OperationalDirective 4.30 entitledInvoluntary Resettlement (June 1990)
The Directive describes:
Resefflement Objectives Contents of a Resettlement Plan . Resettlementis avoidedor minimized. . Communityparticipation . Resettledpersons reestablish their former . Socioeconomicsurvey standardof living. . Environmentalprotection and management . Communityparticipation and resettlementare . Landtenure, acquisition, and transfer modeledon existingsocial institutions of . Legal framework resettlersand hosts when possible. . Valuationof and compensationfor lost assets . Absenceof legaltitle to land is not a bar to * Shelter, infrastructure,and socialservices compensation. a Accessto training,employment, and credit . Local populationsshould be compensatedwith . Alternativesites and selectionand integration adequate newland. with host populations * Organizationalresponsibilities . Implementationschedule, monitoring, and evaluation.
ResettlementReview by the EvaluationsDepartment (1993), and RegionalRemedial Action Planning for InvoluntaryResettlement (1995)
Indicate that effective resettlement involves:
- Compensation for lost assets in full consultation with affected families * Assistance with resettlement and support during the transition period
* Assistance in re-establishing or improving the former standard of living
* Sufficient community participation to protect social fabric
OperationsManual Statement 2.33
Establishes two important goals:
* Resettled population should at least regain its prior socioeconomic status within a reasonable transition period.
* No environmental degradation ensues from the resettlement process.
May 1999 1-10 Chad CRP Eng05-05.doc CHADRESETTLEMENT AND COMPENSAT7ON PLAN ENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENT PLAN CHADEXPORT PROJECT CHADPORTION - VOLUME3
Operations Policy Note 10.08
Gives supplemental guidelines for the financial/economic aspects of resettlement:
* Resettlers should benefit from any economic development brought about by the Project that led to resettlement.
* Options should be offered to enable people to enhance, not just replace their productive/income-earning opportunities.
Chad CRP Eng 05-05.doc 1-11 May 1999 THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLYLEFT BLANK UDoba
Nigeria ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ilFedDevelopment Area | ~~~~Nigeria ______X (Includes Pump Station No 1)
Ngaoundrd D
Location Map
/ L >' ~~~~~~~~~~~Ngaoundale g n tLunSain
Cameroon Central African Republic
'Goyour Deng Dent
Nanga Ebo,7
)~~~Dul Obal , NoPupSato 3 2$
K\ b Biidi _ Yond Guinea jLldr
Marinei lpnd AK re /ial Lso5 0 50 Kilometers 1ernninal J Pressure Reducm Staton/
LEGEND
A/ Pipeline. Pump Station / PRS Chad Export Project OVERVIEW MAP hRaiload El City A/ Road & DAMES & MOORE FGURE1-1 A DAMES& MOOREGR..MP COWANY r | - X ffi ' _ . ;~I
a > e | | A t /--' > _ 0 TX~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~I
r~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~I I.:...,... .. :00y'$:00:.f:0 :;...... Figure 1-3: Land Acquisition Process
Legal Ownership (Titre Fon9ier) Customary Rights
* Land needed identified * Land needed identified through government through government
Consult with: Consult with: * Village chief * Canton chief * Landowner * Village chief
* Negotiate amicable settlement Consult with: * Determine economic viability * Customary user if individual if owner is user * Village if community user
*Compensate _ __ * If eligible, resettle or select resettlement alternative * Negotiate with individual using * Negotiate with village * Document crop/field labor value process * Consult with canton chief
* Compensate individual * Compensate village * If eligible, resettle or select * Document resettlement alternative ^ Document
97-4925-001 Figure 1-4: Compensation for Sacred Sites
Consult with: * Canton chiefs * Village chiefs/elders/religious officials * Individuals
Identify nature of sacred site
Negotiate with: * Individuals for personal sites * Religious officials representative of spiritual community
Movable Not movable
Negotiate compensation with: , * Individuals for personal sites Negotiate compensation with: * Religious officials representative Renividus forersonalasite of ofspiritualsprta communitycomnt * Religiousof spiritualofficials community representative
Pay compensation or modify Project land need to avoid sacred site
97-4925-005 CHAD RESETTLEMENT AND COMPENSATION PLAN ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN CHAD EXPORT PROJECT CHAD PORTION - VOLUME 3
2.0 DATA COLLECTIONAND PUBLIC CONSULTATION
2.1 INTRODUCTION
This Plan is based on extensive socioeconomicfieldwork and data analysis initiated in 1995. The following Section summarizesdata collectionmethods and conclusionsdrawn from these data. Summary informationon data collection,field studies, and village consultationvisits and results of the in-depth socioeconomicsurvey can be found in the 1997 version of the Environmental Assessment, Chad Export Project: Chad Portion, Appendix B, Human Environment(Dames & Moore, 1997).
The following key conclusionswere drawn from the data collectionand analysiseffort and form the basisof this Plan.
2.1.1 Resettlement
* Is a commonlocal responseto internalsocial problemsand land availability, * Has been experiencedby most people, * Methods have been devised by local cultures to deal with resettlement and integrate resettlers, * In its traditionalform is an excellentmodel for this Plan.
2.1.2 Compensationfor Assets e Most resourcesand investmentsare held by customaryright. * Includescompensation for a broad range of resourcesupon which peopledepend, and will not be limited to those normallycompensated under Chadian law. * Bush is a communityasset as a sourceof food, medicine,construction materials, and future farmland. Loss of bush is a communityloss and will be compensatedfor by community compensation.
2.1.3 Valuationof Assets
* Will be based on replacementcost as preferred by the local population and will permit individualsand householdsto recreateexisting circumstances, * Covers field labor, since labor is the most valuable investmentthat farmers make in their fields, and * Will be based on highestvaluation of staplecrops usedfor feedingfamilies.
Chad CRP Eng 05-05.doc 2-1 May 1999 CHADRESETTLEMENT AND COMPENSATIONPLAN ENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENT PLAN CHADPORTION - VOLUME3 CHADEXPORT PROJECT
2.2 BASELINEDATA COLLECTION (1995-1996)
2.2.1 Introduction
In 1995, a Project socioeconomicdata collectionprogram was initiated by Dr. Ellen Patterson Brown(See Section 1.4). Mostof the baselineresearch was conductedin the OFDA cantons of Bero, Kome, and Miandoum,while more limited researchwas conductedin cantons and major towns along the proposedTransportation System and roadways. Qualitativeand quantitative data were collectedthrough:
* Reviewof public records, * Consultationwith NGOs, * Urban focus groups, * Meetingswith local authorities, * Meetingson pastoralistissues, * Communityconsultation, - Administrationof individualquestionnaires, and - Conductof market surveys.
The results of consultationcan be found in the supportingdocument EAESU consultation and the public review programreport.
2.2.2 Reviewof PublicRecords
Area historicaltrends were assessedthrough review of NationalOffice for Rural Development (ONDR)annual reports, NGO reports, and personalarchives. Researchersat the International Center for Agricultural Research and Development--AnnualCrops (CIRAD), who have been researchingland managementand land pressurein the Projectarea, were also consulted.
2.2.3 NGO Consultation
Localand nationalNGOs were consultedby Dr. Brownto reviewtheir activitiesand experiences in the Project areaand their opinionsconcerning Project impacts on local populations.
2.2.4 Urban Focus Groups
Local ward chiefs in urban areas were requestedto invite people to focus groups to discuss jobs, rental housingand lodging,prostitution, small businessopportunities, and oil development. The chiefsalso designatedward membersfor interviewsand questionnaires.
May 1999 2-2 Chad CRP Eng05-05.doc CHAD RESETTLEMENT AND COMPENSATION PLAN ENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENT PLAN CHADEXPORT PROJECT CHADPORTION - VOLUME3
2.2.5 LocalAuthorities Consultation
Frequent meetings were held with regional and local officials and influential citizens. The secretary of the canton chief attendedmost meetingsin his canton. Subsequentlythe canton chiefs and their secretaries met with Dr. Brown to cover issues that had emerged. They discussed resettlementand compensationsolutions proposedby villages and other problems that the chiefs wished to raise. At the end of each meetingall issues and agreementsreached were orally reviewed,so that all the cantonchiefs were clearon what had been agreed.
2.2.6 Consultationon PastoralistIssues
Dr. Brown talked with semi-sedentarygroups of herders in the OFDA and Fulani and Arab transhumant groups passing through the OFDA area. She met with pastoralists' leaders in Doba, near the Project area, and in Chari-Baguirmi,transhumant herders' point of origin each year. Veterinarians in the OFDA, along the TransportationSystem route, and upstreamand downstreamof the Projectarea sharedtheir knowledgeof transhumantroutes. The Ministry of Livestockevaluated the numberof animalsthat might pass throughthe Projectarea.
Mitigation measures in the 1997 version of the EnvironmentalAssessment were developed in consultationwith traditional leaders and the Ministry of Livestock,who proposedmethods of communicatingwith pastoralistsduring construction of the TransportationSystem.
2.2.7 CommunityConsultation
Community consultation focused on people's ideas conceming the Project and past compensationexperiences. Consultationincluded one or more meetingsin 61 communitiesin 1995 (Table 2-1; Figure2-1). The target sampleof communitiesincluded:
* Ten percentrandom sample in OFDAcantons of Bero, Kome,and Miandoum, * One percentrandom sample in the contiguouscantons of Bebedjiaand Mbikou, * One controlcommunity in each cantonsampled, * Other communities in the OFDA. These communities were included in the public consultationeffort becauseof their proximityto the OFDAand potentialProject impacts.
Either individual questionnaires were administered in each community or focus group discussions were conducted. Analysis of questionnaire data provided the quantitative information necessaryto develop this Plan, including establishmentof an economic viability threshold. Individualswho fall below this thresholdwill becomeeligible for resettlement.
Meetings which included elders, women,youth, and socially active and religiousgroups, were open-forumdiscussions covering:
Chad CRP Eng 05-05.doc 2-3 May 1999 CHADRESETTLEMENTAND COMPENSATION PLAN ENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENT PLAN CHAD PORTION - VOLUME 3 CHAD EXPORT PROJECT
* The present economic and social situation of the community,
* The level of community development,
* The potential for protecting community interests and for implementing change without outside assistance,
* Previous contacts with oil companies' personnel (issues, criticisms, commendations),
* Questions about the future development of the Project, and
* Issues of compensation and resefflement.
Communities asked numerous questions about resettlement, pollution, compensation, and especially fair job opportunities. These comments led to discussion of what villages would consider acceptable responses. People openly stated their opinions, sometimes critical, of the past behavior of local authorities or oil companies. Meetings were not "Question and Answer" sessions, nor confined to set topics, although Dr. Brown covered all her agenda items.
All groups, including less vocal groups, not just the local power structure, had many opportunities to ask questions and state their ideas. Since Dr. Brown and her assistants spoke the local languages, they captured for the record most nuances, contentious issues, and informal comments, as well as commendations and recommendations.
Meetings lasted about four to five hours and became arenas for public discussion and debate in which Dr. Brown acted as a facilitator and referee. The meetings were ended, by the people attending, when they felt they had adequately expressed their ideas and opinions.
In many cases communities requested subsequent meetings to discuss issues on which they wished to reflect. Discussion and reflection on issues in small groups are a fundamental element in the local political system. Consensus and public support are developed through this process. Thus traditional political processes generated the conclusions and recommendations shaped over the course of these meetings and contained in this Plan.
2.2.8 Individual Questionnaires
Questionnaires on individuals' socioeconomic situation were administered after village meetings in the random sample and control communities. At the beginning of each meeting Dr. Brown explained how the community was chosen at random. She illustrated this by selecting a five percent random sample (based on 1993 census figures) of the adult men and women on the tax rolls. These individuals were then asked to complete a questionnaire with the assistance of literate village volunteers. Questions included:
* Origins and likely places for relocation,
May1999 2-4 Chad CRP Eng 05-05.doc CHADRESETTLEMENT AND COMPENSATIONPLAN ENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENT PLAN CHADEXPORT PROJECT CHAD PORTION- VOLUME3
* Householdsize and composition, * Household'seconomic and materialresources and income, * Household'sland holdingsand availableland, * Household'sdependence on bush resources, * Woman'seconomic status and land resources, * Interactionswith pastoralists, * Individual'sand householdmembers' education, * Individual'sunderstanding of the oil project, * Personalexperiences and evaluationof past interactionswith oil exploration,and * Expectationsabout the oil project.
Analysis of completedquestionnaires provided data on:
* Individualand householdeconomic viability, * Pressureon land resources, * Importanceof bush resources, * Past resettlement,and * Off-farmincome and activities.
The random sample questionnaire data were used to assess resettlement issues and compensationcosts. The originalsample design calledfor administrationof 502 questionnaires (Table 2-1). Forty-twoquestionnaires were not included becauseof: insufficientinformation or because individuals declined to participate;this left 460 random sample questionnaires. In some communities,people not selectedas part of the randomsample asked to participatein the survey;this increasedthe numberof questionnairesby 37 to 497 (Table2-1). These data were collectedbut not includedin the statisticalanalysis.
2.2.9 Market SurveyQuestionnaires
Market surveys on pricesand availabilitywere carried out in OFDA local and regional markets and were the basis upon which compensationvalues were calculated. To assessfair monetary and in-kindcompensation, data on markets,prices, and marketingconstraints were gathered in both the dry season and during harvestin 1995. Datawere collectedon:
* Cropsand croppingpatterns, * Rules of land inheritance,
ChadCRP Eng05-05.doc 2-5 May 1999 CHADRESETTLEMENT AND COMPENSATIONPLAN ENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENT PLAN CHADPORTION - VOLUME3 CHAD EXPORTPROJECT
* Income, * Experienceswith developmentorganizations, and * Presenceof savingsand loans in the past or present.
Analysis of data from the 84 market questionnairesadministered in the eight local and regional markets (Table2-2) provideddata for:
* Settingcompensation rates, * Estimatingcompensation and resettlementcosts, and * Establishingmarket rates to evaluatefuture Projectimpacts.
These prices were updatedby using the findings of the September1998 Market Survey which took place just prior to initiationof compensationpayment. Priceswill continueto be adjusted, as necessary,to accountfor inflationand changesin local marketconditions.
2.3 RESETTLEMENT
Analysis of fieldwork and questionnairedata made it clear that voluntary resettlementoccurs frequentlyin the local culture. Resettlementoccurs at two levels,individual and group.
2.3.1 TraditionalIndividual Resettlement
There is considerablemovement of individualsbetween communities. Individuals leave for a wide variety of reasonsand usuallyjoin relativesor friends in other existingcommunities. Upon arrival, the resettler borrows or permanentlytakes over cultivatedor recentlyfollowed land, or, once accepted into the community,clears fields on communallands. Most movementoccurs within a limited geographical area, since most marriages occur within villages and between neighboringcommunities.
Leaving one's present location is the accepted way for an individual to resolve problems including:
* Lack of fertile land, * Siblingrivalry, * Need for bride wealth, * Illness, * Accusationsof sorceryand witchcraft, * Poor social skills, or
May 1999 2-6 ChadCRP Eng 05-05.doc CHAD RESETTLEMENTAND COMPENSATIONPLAN ENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENT PLAN CHADEXPORT PROJECT CHADPORTION - VOLUME3
* New adventure.
Some peopleresettle many times. Womenmay move to other communitiesto marry, but upon divorce -- which is common -- they often return, with their children, to their home and kin. Some of these children may move back to their paternal kin when their mother dies. For some of these people the reasons that drove them to move initially, become less importantthan their family ties. As a result,they returnto their old village.
2.3.2 TraditionalGroup Resettlement
A group of individualsand/or householdsmay leave a village to form a new hamletelsewhere. Usually they move to an area closer to uncultivatedbush or more convenientto their fields. Less often, a group may move into a differentcanton.
Many splits occur becauseof land availability. Where householdscreate new hamletsbecause of sibling rivalry,to escapewitchcraft and sorcery,or to gain politicalpower, these splits are the first move in achievingpolitical independence and power.
In either case, geographicalseparation is the first step by which emigrants gain managerial independenceover most of their affairs. Men who are onlyward heads,or chefs de carr6, in the administrativehierarchy, act effectivelyas village chiefs. For purposes of the Compensation and ResettlementPlan, separategeographical units will be recognizedas de facto independent units.
2.3.3 ResettlementData
Most individuals in the OFDA have resettled or know people who have resettled. Many respondentsin the sample reportedhaving left their natalvillage (Table 2-3). In many instances respondentshad movedmultiple times.
It is commonfor individualsto leave homevillages and set up newoffshoot hamlets. In order to assess the historicalfrequency of these movementsin the OFDA, the administrativehistory of 32 officialvillages was studied. Official villagesare those recognizedon the Republicof Chad 1993 census list. Villages selected had geographicalboundaries (including cultivated fields) overlappingeither the Bero, Kome,or Miandoumoil field boundaries.
DEFINITIONOF OFFICIAL VILLAGE A villageofficially recognized on All 32 villagesselected for study the 1993census list. wereofficial villages.
Chad CRP Eng 05-05.doc 2-7 May 1999 CHADRESETTLEMENT AND COMPENSATIONPLAN ENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENT PLAN CHADPORTION - VOLUME3 CHADEXPORT PROJECT
In order to evaluate the historical frequency of splits, and the relative size of "home" and "offshoot"villages, Republicof Chad 1993 censusdata were analyzed. As part of the study the officialvillages can be further subdividedinto:
SUBTYPESOF OFFICIALVILLAGESJ 1. Homevillage A villagefrom which individuals Sixteenof the 32 villageshad formingthe new offshoot hamlet individualsleave to formnew hadleft since 1993. offshoothamlets. 2. Villagewith nooffshoot A villagefrom which no Fiveof the 32villages had no hamlets offshootswere recorded. This offshoothamlets or no categoryalso includes villages information. forwhich the Censusdid not includeinformation on the village'soriginal "home" village. 3. Offshoothamlet A villageformed since 1993 as a Elevenof the 32 villagesare resultof individualsleaving a offshoothamlets. "home"village.
By further studying the census informationadministrative links were established between the original 32 OFDA villages and 22 others in the OFDAcantons for a total of 54 villages. Review of the Census data indicatedthat of the 54 villages,28 were offshoot hamlets, 18 were "home" villages, and eight were villages with no recorded offshoot hamlets. Formation of offshoots were frequent. Twelve "home"villages had at least one offshoot,while seven "home" villages had two to four offshoots.
This informationfurther revealedthat:
* Small groups often set up independentoffshoot hamlets while remaining administratively attachedto a "home"village. * Offshoot hamletscould becomeas large,or larger than, the original "home"village, yet still report to it administratively. * Almost all offshoot hamlets are establishedin the same canton as the "home" village, but not always. Of the 54 villages studied only three had splinteredfrom a village in another canton. - A Canton Beroadministrative village was originallyfrom Moyen-ChariPrefecture. - A Canton Miandoumoffshoot hamlet is still administrativelydependent on Canton Kome. - A Canton Berooffshoot hamletwas settledjust over the border in Canton Miandoum.
3 The abovecategories are for purposesof sociologicalanalysis of resettlementonly.
May 1999 2-8 Chad CRP Eng 05-05.doc CHAD RESETTLEMENT AND COMPENSATION PLAN ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN CHAD EXPORT PROJECT CHAD PORTION - VOLUME 3
* New hamletformation is linkedto the needfor morefertile land. * Some settlementsstudied in the 1993 censusillustrate resettlement at work. * Some villages have a small numberof peoplewho have moved. Thesetend to be very old villageswith a strong emotionaland cultural hold on their inhabitants. At Dildo, in Canton Bero, only 10 percentresettled, and at Bolobo11 in Canton Kome only 14 percent. * In contrast, the entire populationof Mekab 11,a tiny hamlet in Canton Miandoum,comes from another village in the same canton. Forcedto spend substantialtime traveling great distancesto get to their fields,they finally decidedto relocatenearer their existingfields. * At Bemou, in Canton Kome, not only are 91 percent of the questionnairerespondents resettledfrom a nearby village, but individualshad already left Bemouto form the offshoot hamlet of Mouarom.
Although individuals often join kin in another canton, especially a mother's canton, it is infrequentfor a group to splinter off and reestablishitself in another canton. Sanaga,in Canton Bero, was founded by people originally from the Prefecture of Moyen-Chari. The entire populationmoved during the 1983- 1986 famine.
Moving from one canton to another can provoke conflict between the canton chief losing inhabitants/taxpayersand the host canton, as is the case with the Kome and Bero hamlets located in Canton Miandoum. Duringthe joint discussionsfor developingthis Plan, the three OFDAcanton chiefs discussedthe possibilitythat groups might resettlein one another's canton, in places where land is more readily available. They jointly worked out a mutually acceptable systemfor transferringpopulations and authority.
2.3.4 Social Meaningof Reseftlement
During consultation, individualsoften mentionedthe strong emotional loyalty people have to their natal village and its territory. Being buriedin one's native soil lies at the center of a nexus of ideas about religion, place, and identity. But this real and powerful aKtachmentdoes not prevent large numbers of people from leaving their villages. The seeming contradiction between emotion and behavioris resolvedby funeral rites, which involve mourning,removal of the body to its natal village, and burial there. Proposing resettlement touches on potent emotionalthemes; however,reseKtlement does not pose any new issue which the culture has not already resolved.
2.3.6 Zone Destinedfor Resettlement
Permanentfacilities and roads wili requireabout 675 hectaresfor the lifetimeof the Project. As a result, it is estimatedthat a maximumof 150farmers may be unableto find replacementfields in their presentplace of residencein the OFDA. These peoplewill be offeredthe opportunityto
Chad CRP Eng 05-05.doc 2-9 May 1999 CHADRESETTLEMENT AND COMPENSATIONPLAN ENWRONMENTALMANAGEMENT PLAN CHAD PORTION - VOLUME3 CHADEXPORT PROJECT select among three alternatives. They can participate in training and receive credits for improvedagriculture, participate in training and receivecredits for off-farmincome opportunities, or reseKtle(Section 6.3).
If an individualdecides to resettle, he or she can resettle in a place of their own choosingwith Project assistance. The individualwill also decidewhich family membersshould resettle along with him/her. Leavingthe decisionwhere to resettleup to the individualdoes not mean that the "resettlementarea" has not been identifiedand studied. The sociologicalstudies for the Project targetedthe three cantonsin the OFDA as not onlythe regionof originof resettlers, but as their likely destination. In the past, althoughlarge numbersof individualsresettled (Table 2-3), about 93 percentof them movedto villages within the same canton. The initial individualseligible for resettlement,as a direct result of Project'sactivities, have all resettledon lands belongingto the administrativevillage to which they already belong. Only one individualhas resettled outside the canton in which she was residing, a widow who has rejoined her paternal relatives in the cantonwhere she was born.
Sincethe sociologicalstudy included all three cantonsin the OFDA,the potential environmental and social impact of resettlementon the host area is already known. After an individualhas exercised his or her freedom of choice about where to move, that choice will be recorded. Before resettlementoccurs, the Project will assess the need for additional infrastructureand communitycompensation for the villagesto which peopleare moving and from which they are leaving (see Section 7.4). The impact of resettlementwill be mitigated as a function of the number of resettlersand the current infrastructureof the host village.
2.4 ONGOINGDATA COLLECTIONAND CONSULTATIONEFFORTS
All informationnecessary to developthis Plan has been collected. Initial studies provideddata sufficientfor the following:
* Establishmentof resettlementand compensationprinciples, * Designof a Compensationand ResettlementPlan, * Determinationof compensationvalues, * Establishmentof the initialsituation in the area, and * Preparationof a timelinefor compensationand resefflementactivities.
Additional informationhas been gatheredfrom the OFDAand pipelineeasement surveys,public consultations,September 1998 Market Survey, and continuingsocioeconomic data collection. Section8.0 contains informationfrom studies on individualsaffected by the Project or specific land users, locationsof sacredsites, and on currentprices to use for compensationvalues.
May 1999 2-10 Chad CRP Eng 05-05.doc CHADRESETTLEMENTAND COMPENSATION PLAN ENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENT PLAN CHADEXPORT PROJECT CHADPORTION - VOLUME3
2.4.1 Recent Data Collection (1998-1999)
2.4.1.1 Individualcases in the OFDAand alongthe pipelineeasement
As of 31 January 1999, 608 individualcases have been handled by EEPCI and/or TOTCO (Table E-5). Team membersgathered data on each affectedindividual (household) (Tables E-6 to E-8). A series of individualand communityquestionnaires (Tables E-9, E-10) was developed to suit the comprehensionlevels and the lifestylesof the affectedindividuals and communities. The questionnaireswere tested on various individualsfrom the OFDA.
2.4.1.2 Fieldsurvey team
A field survey team accompaniedthe individual data survey team, measured the affected individual's field, and marked it with survey stakes. Verification of field limits was always obtainedfrom local village authoritiesand the individual affected by the Project. Data were gatheredon the types of crops being grown,along with the state of the field in question,whether it was in preparation,in cultivation,or cultivatedduring last year's growingseason.
2.4.1.3 Global PositioningSystems (GPS)
All fields and concessions were measured using the Global Positioning System (GPS) technology. The GPS technical specialistthen took exact measurementsfrom the field stakes, placed earlier by the field survey crew and compliedwith the land requirementsfor the OFDA and the 30-metereasement requirementsfor the pipeline. The GPS data were downloadedinto AutoCAD,computer software, and drawingsof eachfield were generated.
2.4.1.4 Trees, kitchengardens and beehives
All trees and any other elements, i.e. kitchen gardens and beehives, were also taken into accountfor each individualfile in the OFDAand alongthe pipelineeasement.
2.4.1.5 Summaryfiles
When all the information for each individual'sfile had been obtained, a summary file was completed(Table E-1 1). The file containedtabulated information and the AutoCADdrawings for their fields. This allowed the affected individualto review all the informationgathered, and to state his/her agreement or disapproval. If the affected individual was in agreement, the informationwas processed in the databasefor the next step in the compensationprocess: compensationpayment options.
If the individualstill did not agree, a verificationteam, comprisedof members of the individual data survey team and the field survey team, visited the area in question. In some cases, the Operations Managervisited the site to rectifythe issue with the affected individual,the village
ChadCRP Eng05-05.doc 2-11 May 1999 CHADRESETTLEMENTAND COMPENSATION PLAN ENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENT PLAN CHADPORTION - VOLUME3 CHADEXPORT PROJECT and canton chiefs and the other team members. All issues were successfully resolved before the summary files were completed.
2.4.2 Compensation Consultation
During the period of formal public consultation following release of the EA, EMP and Compensation and Resettlement Plan, all villages within the Project Area were invited to public meetings at which the compensation method for valuing fields, fruit trees and non-domestic productive trees was explained. Indicative prices, based on the 1995 market survey, were given, with the commitment that these prices would be up-dated before compensation was paid. The population agreed with the method for valuing fields and mango trees, expressed some reservations on the valuation of wild trees, and disagreed with the valuation of banana trees.
The rates used for the compensation cash payments were established in the September 1998 Market Study, which EEPCI and/or TOTCO carried out with GEPF, CIRAD and Focus. The team found that the 1995 rates proposed in the 1998 Compensation and Resettlement Plan for labor invested in the fields were still valid. However, the new rates for subsistence crops needed to be raised. The study also included the valuation for non-domestic productive trees, and concluded that the rates proposed during the Public Information Campaign were valid. The methods for valuing bananas and papayas were changed, and these resulted in higher compensation rates.
In a series of meetings with affected individuals, information pertaining to the up-dated valuations of the compensation was explained. Each individual reviewed the calculation of his or her compensation based on the up-dated rates. Information on the various choices of compensation, specifically cash, in-kind and assistance was also discussed. It was found that if this information was conveyed to the recipients on several occasions, their appreciation for their compensation grew. It also gave them time to think about their compensation options.
2.4.3 In-kind Compensation
As compensation is available in cash, in-kind and assistance, a study was conducted to find out the types of in-kind articles required by the individuals affected by the Project. From the study's findings, a booklet was generated which showed a picture of each available article - plows, carts, mills, sewing machines, bicycles, and so forth.
Village meetings were held on in-kind assistance to explain the rationale and importance of in- kind compensation. Each affected individual was then informed in private about the amount of compensation he or she would receive, and given information about the in-kind compensation articles. This allowed him/her to have a clearer understanding of the benefits of in-kind assistance, and to have more time to make a decision.
May 1999 2-12 Chad CRP Eng 05-05.doc CHADRESETTLEMENT AND COMPENSATIONPLAN ENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENT PLAN CHADEXPORTPROJECT CHAD PORTION - VOLUME 3
Some individualssurrendered such small parcels of land that they could not afford any of the items offered in-kind. But 81 percentof those affectedhad enoughto invest, if they so wished. 68 percentof those who could afford in-kindcompensation selected one or more items.
2.4.4 Cash Compensation
All cash compensationwas paid out to individualsaffected by the Project in the OFDA and alongthe pipelinecorridor in December1998 and January 1999.
A random survey of the recipientsof cash compensation,done in January 1999, indicatedthat 85 percenthad already investedsome of their cash in productiveproperty and 24 percentwere saving some of the money for future projects. Moreover,84 percent of the recipientswere planning to use some of their money to put more land into production. 64 percent of the investmentmoney had been spent in the local area, and almost all of it within the recipient's sub-prefecture.Only a few reportedthat they had alreadyspent all of their cash.
2.4.5 Project Database
It should also be made clear that the Project has an extensivedatabase that was specifically developedfor the various requirementsof the Project. Informationpertaining to each individual affected by the Project and each parcel of land acquired along with all the trees, kitchen gardens, and beehivesare all includedin the database.
2.4.6 Villages PotentiallyAffected by Pipelineand InfrastructureImprovements
Informationon Mboumland tenure and compensationissues related to paymentfor manioc was gatheredduring 1998,as early data-gatheringefforts were limited becauseof securityconcerns. Ethnographically,this area is fairly similar to villages in the OFDA. Data gathering and evaluationfocused on:
* Issue: Mboum land tenure, and whether it is differentenough to affect the way temporary land use is handled,and land is madeavailable in these communities; Response: It was found that Mboumland tenure is not differentenough to affect the way temporaryland use is handled,and how land is madeavailable in these communities. This issue was brought up during the Public ConsultationProgram and it was not viewed as an issue for the villagers. It was found that there was no merit in handling Mboumland tenure differentlyfrom other establishedregional land tenures.
* Issue: Whether compensationvalues should be modified in this area because manioc cultivationis more common. Response:Dr. Ellen Brown completeda brief rural assessmentregarding manioc cultivation in the Mboum area. Although there is more manioc cultivationin the southern part of the
Chad CRP Eng 05-05.doc 2-13 May 1999 CHADRESETrLEMENT AND COMPENSATIONPLAN ENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENT PLAN CHAD PORTION - VOLUME3 CHADEXPORT PROJECT
Project area, the price of maniocthere was substantiallylower. Upon reviewingthe prices for millet and sorghum (subsistencecrops), and for manioc along the southern part of the pipelineeasement, it was found that all prices balancedout. It was more beneficial for the individualsaffected by the Project in the Mboum area to use the September 1998 Market Surveyprices set for subsistencecrops, as opposedto settingseparate prices for manioc.
May 1999 2-14 Chad CRP Eng 05-05.doc CHADRESETrLEMENT AND COMPENSATIONPLAN ENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENT PLAN CHAD EXPORTPROJECT CHADPORTION - VOLUME3
Table 2-1 PublicConsultation and SocioeconomicData Collection
RANDOMSAMPLE IN OFDA No. of 5 Percent No.of Village or Town Canton Typeof Sample Visits Taxpayers Questionnaires Dangdin Bebedjia Control 1 21 20 Bendjeri Bero Control 2 18 17 Mako Kome Control 1 9 0 (Note 1) Gomon Mbikou Control 1 14 14 Mekapti Miandoum Control 2 2 1 Subtotal 7 64 52 Note 1: Not accessible at time of fieldwork. Future work during public consultation. Bengaouda Bebedjia Random 1 45 33 Donara Bebedjia Random 1 12 12 Bero 2 Bero Random 2 41 40 Bero I Bero Random 2 25 25 Dildo Bero Random 4 31 29 Madjo Bero Random 4 27 17 Miarom Bero Random 1 2 3 Missamadji Bero Random 3 5 6 Moundanromkagiti Bero Random 2 6 7 Sananga Bero Random 2 6 6 Takouti Bero Random 1 4 3 Bebe Kome Random 2 4 5 Begada Kome Random 3 12 11 Bemou/Mouarom Kome Random 4 12 12 Beto 2 Kome Random 1 6 5 Bolobo Kome Random 1 19 34 Bongbeti Kome Random 2 3 8 Kayaraal Kome Random 2 6 9 Kome Ndolebe Kome Random 2 19 19 Madana Natphor Kome Random 2 10 11 Mayongo Kome Random 1 3 12 Mbanga Kome Random 3 27 26 Naikam/Bedia Kome Random 1 5 5 Madana Mbikou Random 2 8 10 Bendoh Miandoum Random 3 12 12 Maikeri Miandoum Random 2 24 22 Manboy Miandoum Random 3 22 22 Ngalaba Miandoum Random 2 42 41 Sub-Total 59 438 445 ITOTAL SAMPLE QUESTIONNAIRES IN OFDA 66 502 497
Chad CRP Eng 05-05.doc 2-15 May 1999 CHAD RESETTLEMENTAND COMPENSA77ONPLAN ENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENT PLAN CHADPORTION - VOLUME3 CHADEXPORT PROJECT
Table 2-1 Public Consultation and Socioeconomic Data Collection (continued)
RANDOMSAMPLE ON PIPELINE No. of Type of Village or Town Canton Type of Sample Visits Questionnaires Madog Bessao Random I Focus Group Benarbe Gadjibian Random 1 Focus Group Donara Gadjibian Random 1 Focus Group Kagbeti/Kayrati Kome Random 1 Focus Group Bingo Mbassay Random 1 Focus Group Mbikou Mbikou Random 3 Focus Group Diba/Lima Mont de Lam Random 1 FocusGroup Ouao Timberi Random 1 FocusGroup Subtotal 10
OTHERVILLAGES CONSULTED No. of Type of Village or Town Canton Type of Sample Visits Questionnaires Bebedjia Bebedjia Other 5 Focus Group Doungabo Beboni Other 1 Focus Group Bekoto Bero Other 1 Focus Group Kayaraal Bero Other 3 Focus Group Bedouada Bodo Other 1 FocusGroup Bebala Boro Other 1 Focus Group Boro Boro Other 1 Focus Group Doba DobaUrbain Other 9 Focus Group Gore Gore Other 1 Focus Group Bela Kome Other 2 Focus Group Mainani Kome Other 1 Focus Group Moundou LogoneOriental Other 2 FocusGroup Kayrati Miandoum Other 2 FocusGroup Kome Mbairabetole Miandoum Other 1 FocusGroup Mekab2 Miandoum Other 1 Focus Group Meou Miandoum Other 1 FocusGroup Miandoum Miandoum Other 2 FocusGroup Mont de Lam Mont de Lam Other 1 Focus Group Subtotal 36
May 1999 2-16 Chad CRP Eng 05-05.doc CHADRESETTLEMENT AND COMPENSATIONPLAN ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN CHADEXPORT PROJECT CHADPORTION - VOLUME3
Table 2-2 Market Surveys Completed
MARKETSURVEYS Canton MarketTown (N=13) No. of Questionnaires B6b6djia Bebedjia 11 Beboni Doungabo 4 Bero Dildo 2 Boro Boro 2 Doba Urbain Doba 29 Kome Kayaraal 8 Kome Kome 4 Kome Kome-Base 4 Mbikou Mbikou 4 Mbikou Kome Mbairabetole 1 Mbikou Mbikou 5 Moundou Koyom 1 Moundou Moundou 9 Total 84
Chad CRP Eng 05-05-doc 2-17 May 1999 CHADRESETTLEMENT AND COMPENSATIONPLAN ENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENT PLAN CHAD PORTION - VOLUME 3 CHADEXPORT PROJECT
Table 2-3 Traditional Resettlement
PASTRESETTLEMENT REPORTED BY SAMPLE No. No. Report No. Percent Canton Villages Village Resettled Questionnaires Resettled B6b6djia 1 Dangdin 14 20 70 N=69 2 Donara 6 12 50 3 Bengadoua 15 33 45 4 Bedaninga 1 4 25 52% of CantonResettled Total 36 69
Bero 5 Miarom 3 3 100 N= 179 6 Sananga 6 6 100 7 Missamadji 12 13 92 8 Takouti 2 3 67 9 Madjo 10 17 59 10 Bendjeri 8 17 47 11 BerolI 12 40 30 12 BeroI 6 25 24 13 Mbanga 12 26 46 14 Dildo 3 29 10 41% of Canton Resettled Total 74 179
Kome 15 Bemou 11 12 92 N= 132 16 Beto 4 5 80 17 Bongbeti 5 7 71 18 Mayongo 8 12 67 19 Bebe 3 5 60 20 MadanaNatphor 6 11 55 21 Kayaraal 5 10 50 22 Kome 9 19 47 23 Begada 5 11 45 24 Naikam 2 5 40 25 Bolobo 5 36 14 47% of Canton Resettled Total 63 133
Mbikou 26 Gomon 12 14 86 N= 24 27 Madena 7 10 70 79%of CantonResettled Total 19 24
Miandoum 28 Mekabli 1 1 100 N= 97 29 Manboy 14 22 64 30 Ngalaba 19 40 48 31 Mainkeri 10 22 45 32 Bendoh 5 12 42 51% of CantonResettled Total 49 97
May 1999 2-18 Chad CRP Eng 05-05.doc Rood Degleig Gai
lAocabon~Mooos -oS ~ s DdEji~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~R~ ~K Beroako ljde*Ddie ht No;otoo'otnBeba
__.tion -MB6b;i,, = ti ' He abX |Bedoka * dona , I~~~~~~~~~~~~'"K-h,,l Doungabo: va6 6M<
' . 6-jNo.B t - _ * Bobemam ' * /_ 4 DOB0 * ok....B
Location'gorollun\TorMop I;abnaca . Be d e iRl --
BoNederlpodeo * Mo__ ne Gold Rino - ! > Bek
M a i *ao Meou D Bedissrab agioe / VMio -- =. . . iendje Bo * -oo g Mb i* an, Bebolof e Boo Dog.Odup _Kaai BkuE -Bda- /~ ~ ~ ~ ~~oc Dagdh*s Bf Dtge ! Od4 ,*Doa eau Kb rnM aDrD otDe l I ra& ou. -j D oro gdj
nng boy ng * N-aya a
- Moeu . Bin,
Btol oiio -- Bokoona - - icamraai Mhopgbn~~~~Kayrt[ DNg.ooe 1 V MissIi amadt I
Manboye~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~Mac V . - I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~- I, f 1~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Bg -
aMeId-. b Sapld Bendoh E porOLCATON F VLLGESSAMLE M Ketdec,FilddameebViloundlieenplemCha Prjec
lOelebe~Field ~ ~ ~ ~ Bd onng Ml3xidoumFrcid Nam - Modncy *M FIGUREag-1MOOR B6oFid BeedohsmpeGmonMNg okabao & ha xpr ro c Bolob~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ DMS OR 13-d.h~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~FGR - CHADRESETTLEMENTAND COMPENSATION PLAN ENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENT PLAN CHADEXPORT PROJECT CHADPORTION - VOLUME3
3.0 PROJECT LAND NEEDS
3.1 INTRODUCTION
This Section describes Project land needs associatedwith constructionand operations of the Chad Export Project. During early Project planning,facilities were sited to avoid villages and other populated settlements. Ancillary structures and houses will be impacted. Some individualswill be resettledas a result of Projectland use needs. However,no villages will be moved from their present locations. Up until 31 January 1999, 18 individualshave met the resettlementrequirements. Six of the affected individualshave chosen off-farm income as an alternative. There are 17 relocationcases. (Section1.7.2)
The 1998 topographicalsurvey indicatedthat about 20 percent of the land needed by the TransportationSystem and approximately45 percentof the land needed in the OFDA were under cultivation. Fields occasionallycontain ancillarystructures such as granaries,fences, rain shelters, and isolated houses. This last item may necessitatesome relocationof families, not just buildings.
For additionalinformation the reader is referredto Section3.0, "ProjectDescription" in the 1997 version of the EnvironmentalAssessment, Chad Export(Dames & Moore,October 1997).
3.2 TYPES OF LAND NEEDSAND USES
About 2124 ha are needed during Project construction,of which 1093 ha have been, or are being acquired. In general,Project land needscan be dividedinto the categorieslisted in Table 3-1. Areas neededduring the operationsphase are in [bold].
Project land needs and post-constructionland uses vary significantlybetween the two major Project components:
* Constructionof the TransportationSystem, or pipeline,by TOTCO,and * Developmentof the Oil FieldArea by EEPCI.
Table 3-2 summarizestotal land needs by 'Types of Use." Part A: Summaryof EstimatedLand Needs by Canton is divided accordingto land needed for OFDAllnfrastructureImprovements and that neededfor the Transportation
System.
Part B: Summaryof EstimatedLand Needs for Oil Field DevelopmentArea Facilitiesbreaks out major types of Project facilities and the type of land need. In the OFDA, about 297 ha will be used for public improvementsand 457 for permanentfacilities sites, for a total permanentland
Chad CRP Eng05-05.doc 3-1 May 1999 CHAD RESETTLEMENTAND COMPENSATON PLAN ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN CHADPORTION - VOLUME3 CHAD EXPORTPROJECT use of 754 ha. Another 817 ha will be reclaimedafter constructionand made availableto pre- constructioncustomary land users.
3.3 TRANSPORTATIONSYSTEM
About 178 km of the 1,070-km-longTransportation System will be constructedin Chad (Figure 1-1). Starting at the OperationsCenter in the OFDA (Figure3-1) the pipelinewill extend to the Cameroonborder, crossingthrough the Cantonsof Bero, Kome, Miandoum,B6bedjia, Timberi, Gadjibian,Bessao, Mont de Lam, and Mbassay(Table 3-1; Figure 1-2).
A review of 1995 aerial photographysuggested that about21 percent(37 km out of 178 km) of the land neededfor the pipelinein Chad was under cultivation. This was confirmedby the 1998 topographicalsurvey which showedthat 21 percent(111 ha out of 534 ha) to be farmland.
A 30-meter-wideeasement will be needed during the constructionphase. In areas of difficult construction,the width of the corridor may be expandedto 50 to 60 meters dependingupon the terrain. The pipelineitself will be buried between1.0 to 1.5 meters belowsurface.
Constructionof the entire length of the pipeline in Chad is expected to take one dry season (seven months). However,construction activities at any given location should require only 30- 60 days to complete:the time requiredto clear the land; excavatethe trench; lay, weld, and inspect the pipe; and backfill the trench. The constructioncrew will then move to the next constructionlocation.
Shortly after the trench is backfilled,the land will be reclaimedand made availableto villages holding pre-constructioncustomary rights over the land. Villagerswill be free to use about half the reclaimedland without restrictions,for activitiessuch as cultivationof agriculturalcrops, as well as the constructionof houses,animal pens,and fences.
The Project needs about half (or 15 meters) of the original 30-meter-wideconstruction corridor for long-termmaintenance and operationof the TransportationSystem. During operations,this 15-meter-widestrip of land will be made availablefor most pre-constructionuses, but with the restrictionthat the use not interferewith the normalfunctioning and maintenanceof the pipeline. Some restrictions are necessary,since the pipeline must be periodicallyinspected and the easement must be kept clear of large bushes and trees. Cultivation of annually harvested agriculturalcrops such as corn, cotton, or millet will be permittedprovided digging and plowing do not exceed 60 cm in depth. Animal pasturagewill be permittedbut constructionof houses, animal sheds,and other structureswill not be allowed.
May 1999 3-2 Chad CRP Eng 05-05.doc CHADRESETTLEMENT AND COMPENSAT7ONPLAN ENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENTPLAN CHADEXPORT PROJECT CHADPORTION - VOLUME3
3.4 OIL FIELD DEVELOPMENT AREA
A wide variety of facilities will be constructed in the OFDA (Figure 3-1). Lands needed for facilities are summarized in Part B of Table 3-2 and briefly summarized below.
The Project is planning approximately 300 wells. Current estimated land needs are based on 287 wells.
Wells and Manifolds Numberof wells: Estimated287 total . Kome Field . MiandoumField . BoloboField Durationof all drilling: About four years. Fifty drilled the first year, with the balance of wells drilledduring years two to four. Average drilling/completions: Two to four monthsper well Constructionsize: (88 to 125)x 113 meters(about 1 ha) Operationssize: (58to 94)x 47 meters
A well pad covers slightly over one ha or the equivalent of about two traditional 71 x 71 meter fields, otherwise referred to as cordes. Review of air photos suggested that about 207 of the 282 ha needed for construction are currently under cultivation. The percentages of well sites under cultivation vary for the three fields and reflect the existing land pressure in the Kome field area.
Oil Field Estimated Ha Needed Percent EstimatedNo. Total Ha in No. of Wells For of Wells Sites of WellsSites Agriculture Construction in Agriculture in Agriculture (1.06halwell) Kome 213 208 75 160 170 Miandoum 24 23 57 14 15 Bolobo 50 51 41 21 22 Total 287 282 - 195 207
About 207 ha of land proposed for drill pads and manifolds is estimated to be under cultivation.
Field Treatment Facilities Type of facilities: . Doba OperationsCenter and flare (85 ha) . Pump Stations(10 ha) * GatheringStations (15 ha) Durationof construction: About two years
Chad CRP Eng 05-05.doc 3-3 May 1999 CHAD RESETTLEMENTANDCOMPENSATION PLAN ENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENT PLAN CHAD PORTION- VOLUME3 CHADEXPORT PROJECT
A review of air photographssuggests that all of the land neededfor the OperationsCenter and half of the land needed for the pump stations are under cultivation. Land needed for the gatheringstations is in bush. The airfieldsite is locatedon bush and cultivatedland used by the village of Dildo. Only about 20 percent of this land (or 39 ha) is estimatedto be under cultivation.
Field Infrastructure Typeof facilities: a Roads(297 ha); most main roads (39 out of 58 km)already exist. . CommunityCenter & ConstructionCamp ( 49 ha) . Airfield(154 ha) . Landfill(12 ha) . StorageArea (12 ha) . DrillingBase (42 ha) already exists Durationof construction: Oneyear for primaryroads; intermittent for remainingtwo/three years
The Kome base camp is now used for Projectactivities. Land for this facility was acquired in 1994.
Field Pipelines Typeof pipelines: . Flowlines . Gatheringlines * Trunklines . Waterinjection lines Durationof construction: Intermittentduring the two-yearconstruction period for fixed facilities andthe four-yeardrillings and completions program Durationof constructionper Each of these lines can be constructedand buriedin one or two line: months.
The preference is to have most of the constructioncarried out in the Decemberto March time period betweenthe harvestand plantingseasons, without disturbing the farmingcycle.
Practicallyall the land will be made availableto pre-constructionusers with some restrictions. A 15-meter-widestrip of land (roughlycentered over the buriedpipeline) will be made availablefor uses that do not interferewith the pipeline'snormal operationand maintenance.
It is estimated that about 300 ha of the land needed for field pipelines is currently under cultivation.
Power Lines Type of facilities: Erecting and stringing of an estimated 1300 poles to support electric power lines Duration of construction: Four months.
May 1999 3-4 Chad CRP Eng 05-05.doc CHADRESETTLEMENT AND COMPENSATIONPLAN ENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENT PLAN CHAD EXPORTPROJECT CHADPORTION - VOLUME3
Of the lands needed for power lines, it is estimated that about 130 ha are currently under cultivation.
3.5 RECLAIMEDLAND MADE AVAILABLE TO PRE-CONSTRUCTIONUSERS
Reclaimed land will be made available to the original pre-construction village. Depending upon the pre-construction use, land will be made available as follows:
PRE-CONSTRUCTIONUSE MADEAVAILABLE TO: Bush Belongsto the communityas a whole and returnsto the village land pool. Fallow Traditionally,fields abandonedto fallow returnto the villageland pool. Ethnicgroups differ on how longthey recognizea farmer'sclaim to abandonedfallow, but it ultimatelyreturns to the village land pool, where the Projectwill make availablethe reclaimedland. Cultivatedfield By the time the land is reclaimed,the farmer has prepareda replacement field. This is tantamountto havingabandoned the old field to fallow, or to the villageland pool. Land specificallyprotected or As per pre-constructionagreement. enclosed
Monitoring of land use by EEPCI and/or TOTCO is for the purposes of ensuring that land use restrictions on reclaimed land are adhered to. The community will decide who will use the land.
3.6 COMPENSATIONAND THE DURATIONITYPESOF PROJECTLAND NEEDS
3.6.1 Permanent Uses
As a result of the Project, about 756 ha will be permanently removed from village land pools. About 299 ha of this land will go toward public improvements such as roads, which will be for public use.
LAND NEEDEDPERMANENTLY FOR IMPROVEMENTSAND/OR PROJECT FACILITIES Type of Use Total Ha Compensation Public 299 . Communitycompensation will be paid for rights to farmed, village, or improvements bush land (Section8.0). . Individuals and households will receive replacement value of their investmentsmade (Section7.0). Permanently 457 . As above. closed facilities sites with no public access Subtotal 756
Chad CRP Eng 05-05.doc 3-5 May 1999 CHADRESETTLEMENT AND COMPENSATIONPLAN ENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENT PLAN CHAD PORTION - VOLUME3 CHADEXPORT PROJECT
3.6.2 Temporary Uses
The actual duration of construction activities in any one location is generally less than three to four months. As a result, lands will normally be reclaimed and made available for pre- construction customary rights user before the next agricultural cycle begins.
LANDRECLAIMED AND MADEAVAILABLE TO PRE-CONSTRUCTIONCUSTOMARY RIGHTS USERS Type of Use Total Ha Compensation Reclaimedland -- 774 . Communitycompensation will be paid for rights to farmed,village, or availablefor all bushland (Section8.0). pre-construction . Individualsand householdswill receivereplacement value (Section uses 7.0). Reclaimedland - 594 . As above. availablewith some restrictions Subtotal 1368
In Sections 5.0 and 6.0, compensation to individuals and associated valuations for damages to assets such as fields, trees, and ancillary structures is discussed. Section 8.0 discusses community compensation to be paid for permanent loss of lands from village land pools and associated rights to use land.
May 1999 3-6 Chad CRP Eng 05-05.doc CHADRESETTLEMENTAND COMPENSATION PLAN ENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENT PLAN CHADEXPORT PROJECT CHADPORTION - VOLUME3 Table 3-1 Types of Land Needs and Uses
THE FOLLOWINGNUMBERS ARE ESTIMATED
LANDNEEDED PERMANENTLY FOR IMPROVEMENTS AND/OR PROJECT FACILITIES Type of Use TotalHa Examples Public 299 Landneeded for improvementsand upgrades-- primarilypublic roads. Improvements [299] * Repair/upgrading170 km of existingroads . Constructionof 30 km of newroads and bridges . Brush clearingfor newroads Permanently 367 Land neededfor Project facilitiesthat for the entire operationsphase will Closed Facilities [367] not be accessibleto the public. Examplesinclude: Sites with No * Centraltreating facility Public Access . Powergeneration plant . Gatheringstations . Fencedwell pads ...... Subtotals 666 Construction-PhaseLand Nee.ds- [666] Operations-PhaseLaindl eeds
LANDRE.CLAMEgi...AND.MADE.AVAIL:AB.LE.TO PRE-ORNSTRUCTION C:USTOMARYRIGHT.USERS`. Type of Use TotalHal Ex' .les. ReclaimedLand ..Land used dring ction Thatwil be re.limed and made availableto Availablefor all o m[01tommIuni i ec hd,in..es pre-roj e.customaryri ht Reclaimedlands are Pre-Construction pTimafyas_SQ09at&,,d ith:"- Uses . ,,I xpo..tpipeline c..o.nstruction WWell pas and mrnifods :____Fibid _ * Field pelines ReclaimedLand Landavall'able.591 or mst pr",-constructionuses, but with the restrictionthat Availablewith us'e'tnot interferef1.1. with the.normal functioning and maintenanceof the Some buried .ipeFinesct ov6rheadpower lines. Restrictions . Abouta 15-meter-wide strip of land overlyingthe export pipeline .ndL dverliin§ buriedfield pipelines *.'... Cleiar areasunder some power lines Subtotals 1377-,, C,stuction-Phase Land Needs l591] peration's Phase Lands with Some Restrictions
TOTALLAND NEED Type of Use Total Ha Examples 2043 Construction Land Needs 1666] Operations-Phase Public Improvements/Permanent Facilities Sites [591] Operations-Phase Lands with Some Restrictions
Chad CRP Eng 05 05.doc 3-7 May 1S999 Chad Compensationand ResettlementPlan Section3.0: ProjectLand Naeda
Table 3-2: Summary of Estimated Project Land Needs
______~~~~~~PactA: SUMMARYOF ES7TMATED LAND NEEDS BY CANTON ______Oil Field DevelopmentArea andl Ifras-tructueiimpirovemen~ts - _____ - Tasportation Systm Project Facilities(Hla) ReclaimedLand [Ha) OFAad ReclaimedLand (Ha)TtlLn
Permanent Available AvailableWith infra Available AvailableWith Transportation Needed Public Closed Permanent forPrevious Some Reclaimed stut~...for Previous Some System B3y Canton Typeof Facility Improvements FacilitiesSites Subtotal Uses Restrictions Subtotal Su4itta Uses Restrictions Subtotal Canton B3ero Seedetail below 72 333 405 247 160 407. 016 6 12 824 Kome See detailbelow 1105 86 193 1196 '1211 317 1 60 60 1120, 630 Miandoum See detailbelow 94 22 116 61 46 1071 222. - 0 223 B6bddjia PublicRoad (1) 26 - 26 -- 0 26--0 26 Timberi - -- 0 0-0 40 40 80 80 Gadjibian StorageYard - 0 16 61644590 106 Bessao -- 0 - 053 53 106 106 Montde Lam --- 0- 0 0 21i 2 1 42 42 Mbassay TrcPr()- 2- 2 - - 0243 485 87 Total Ha, All Uses ______] ~~~~ ~~~299443 742 12 2 8o1 169 ] 268 267 [ 535 ][ 2124 TotalHa,Public Imrovemenits 1299 -29 1 1041 TotalHa, losed Faclity Sites II -443 442 I-- i 742 TotalHa.ReclaimedLands I_ _ _J - 06132787268 267 53 [ 1382 Note 1: MainRoad from the cantoncenter of Miandoumto Bebedjiato the MainNational Highwa~Y$.'."...... Note 2: Thistruck parkwilt be opento the public.
PARTSB:SYM_MJWd0f-ESV1MTE11LAND Ng IFR OLFIELDDEVftl)PMENrj4fEA FAClL17ES AlreadyPr cFbitsNbRcandLadla TtlHByCto AcquiredExisting CantonsBero, Kome, (includedas part Pblc Cse emnr Prvts Sin Relmd Tyeo Miandoum.and BebedjiaFacilitiaslLands ltfewPerrnDneet6' i re., t 0j AvalReclaWithe Total of M__and_ um_,and_Bebed___a -of totalstoright) .IrrjtWfvan1ets lbcilities $ites ubft us"s ::.Restrtions Subtotal Facility Bero Kome Miandoum Bebedjia Welts & Manifolds ~~~~~~~(37of 78] 87 204: 204 22148 107 27- FieldTreatment LFacilities (6 ofiI 10 10- 0 10 6 1 Field Infrastructure [1160of 566] 297 26966- 0 566 275 171 94 26 FieldPipelines - 0 ~Jf~211:: 211 422 422 198 154 70- PowerLines -- 0'5116 191 - 191 lOt 72 1 [TtlOilField AreaFacilite [ 0 f74 274774403787 1 17 f 62510 232 SubtotalOther Facilitie 2 .2
Subtotal Transportation System ______2______68 267 535 535____ 120 0 Total OtherrTransportation System ______284______267______553______2 ______[TOTAL I______] 299 457 ..: 756 J 774 594 1369 1 2124 ][ 824 63630 22322354 2266B824
ConversionFactorsFrom Ha to: Sq Kilometers S Miles Ase ordes
Eng_t3-2.xIs Chad
Nya Bo Bedia j 0 CA.R. aocationMap
TO oum
0
LEGENDLNDUMIED
ii Well Existing OilsFildOtln
[j]Gathierng Station& Manifold 0 Village/Town tO DA E R IUE- Ai:': 7. A J, : , THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLYLEFT BLANK CHADRESETTLEMENT AND COMPENSATIONPLAN ENVRONMENTALMANAGEMENT PLAN CHADEXPORT PROJECT CHADPORTION - VOLUME3
4.0 LEGALAND CUSTOMARYLAND RIGHTS
4.1 INTRODUCTION
This Section describesthe procedureto obtain the use of the land necessaryfor the oil field developmentand the pipeline TransportationSystem activities, and the compensationrights arisingfrom such use.
The principlesof land tenure and privateownership according to Chadianlaw will be outlined in Sections 4.2, 4.3, and 4.4 to provide a basis for the procedureto obtain the land. The procedureto obtain occupationrights of land for the OFDA and for the pipelineTransportation System also delimitthe wayswhich compensationand land acquisitionmay take place.
The proceduresfor the OFDA and the Transportationsystem will be discussedseparately, as they are governedby two differentconventions, the UpstreamConvention, signed betweenthe Republic of Chad and the Consortiumon 19 September1988, together with its amendments, and the TOTCO Convention of Establishment,signed between the Republic of Chad and TOTCO on 10 July 1998, respectively. Section 4.5 discusses land tenure under customary rights.
4.2 LAND TENUREAND OWNERSHIP
Land in Chad is either State-ownedor privatelyowned. Land belongingto the State is referred to as NationalDomain and is divided into Public Propertyof the State and Private Property of the State. It is expected that most of the land neededfor the Project will be in the National Domain.
4.2.1 NationalDomain
4.2.1.1 Public Propertyof the State
Public Property of the State is inalienableand indefeasible. Rights of occupationover Public Propertymay be grantedunder a permitor contractof occupation.
Natural Public Property includeswater flows, lakes, ponds, and springs; islands, isles, sand banks, and riverbanksformed in rivers; undergroundstreams, mineral and miningdeposits, and classifiedforests.
Artificial Public Propertyincludes navigationand irrigationchannels, waterways, drainage and sewer systems;communication means, airports,telecommunication systems, powergeneration works for public utility, and protective devices such as signs; geodesic and topographic boundaries and landmarks, national defense works and their perimeters of protection,public
Chad CRP Eng 05-05.doc 4-1 May 1999 CHADRESETTLEMENT AND COMPENSATIONPLAN ENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENT PLAN CHADPORTION - VOLUME3 CHADEXPORT PROJECT
monuments, and collections or objects of cultural interest belonging to the State or to a subordinatepublic entity.
Customaryrights of customaryusers of Public Propertyof the State are recognized. The loss of the use of such lands entitles the customaryusers to fair compensationfor any investments they have madeto the land.
4.2.1.2 Private Propertyof the State
Any land belongingto the State that is not in the Public Propertyof the State falls within the Private Property of the State. This includesvacant and unregisteredland, land whose owner cannot be found or that has been abandonedby its owner, and unusable or inaccessibleland that becomesavailable for use as a resultof public works.
Customaryrights of customaryusers of Private Propertyof the State are recognized. The loss of the use of such lands entitlesthe customaryusers to fair compensationfor any investments to the land.
4.2.2 PrivatelyOwned Land
Privateownership may be establishedby registeringthe land with the Land Registryto obtain a land title, which is referredto as Titre Foncier. While registrationis optional,a registeredtitle is definitiveand unassailable.
Private Property of the State may become privately granted land. A private citizen may purchaseland, or, more commonly,the Statemay grant it by way of a concession. To acquire land by way of a concession,the concessionholder must complywith the conditionsset out in the concessiontext. After the holder has demonstratedcompliance with concessionconditions, the State may grant ownershipof the land to the holder. The holder must then registerthe title to the land with the Land Registryto becomethe officialowner.
Customary rights do not exist over registered land. The landowner is entitled to fair compensationfor the land itself as well as any investments.
4.3 LAND OCCUPATION -- OIL FIELD DEVELOPMENT AREA
The land occupationfor the oil field developmentis governed by the ConsortiumConvention and the PetroleumCode.
EEPCI, the Consortium's Operator, submittedthe land file for surface facilities and related infrastructure to the Minister of Mines in October 1998 in accordance with the following provisions:a declarationof land to be occupiedfor longerthan six monthsmust be submittedat least two months before it is needed(Figure 4-1). EEPCI negotiatedwith the title or customary
May 1999 4-2 Chad CRP Eng 05-05.doc CHADRESETTLEMENT AND COMPENSATIONPLAN ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN CHADEXPORT PROJECT CHADPORTION - VOLUME3 rights holdersand reachedamicable agreement on the compensationdue to them for the use of lands in the OFDA. Upon reachingan agreement,the State shall issuea decree authorizingthe occupancyof the necessarylands. Likewise,EEPCI will negotiatewith the title or customary rights holders before,and during,development drilling (PhaseII), as explainedin Section1.1.
Although it has not been necessary, the Upstream Convention provides that, if mutual agreementcannot be reached,the Minister of Mines and the Minister of Finance may issue a decree authorizingland use, after the title and customaryright holders are allowedto present their claims.
If the proceduresto determinethe rights and compensationhave not been concludedwithin six months of the publication of the decree allowing occupancy,the Minister of Mines and the Ministerof Financemay allowthe Consortiumto dispensewith further proceedingsby payingto a designated public accountant an estimated amount of compensationdetermined by the governmentauthorities.
This compensationshall be calculatedas follows:
* If occupancy is only temporaryand the land may be cultivatedafter one year in the same fashion as before,the compensationshall be set at least at the annual net yield of the land. * In other cases, the compensationshall be estimatedat a value at least equalto the value of the land prior to the occupation.
All compensationfor land neededfor the oil field developmenthas been and shall be paid by EEPCI.
4.4 LAND OCCUPATION -- TOTCO TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM
The land occupation for the TOTCO Transportation System is governed by the TOTCO Convention and the PetroleumCode. Pursuantto these documents,the Republicof Chad will expropriatethe lands necessaryfor the construction,operation, and maintenanceactivities of the TOTCO TransportationSystem into the Private Property of the State (Figure 4-2). The Republic of Chad will then allocate the use of such land to TOTCO by a Project Approval Decree (PAD), which authorizes TOTCO to carry out the construction, operation, and maintenanceactivities of the TOTCOTransportation System.
TOTCO submitteda requestspecifying the requestedland easementto the Minister of Mines in 3 separate land files on 14 October, 12 November,and 14 December1998. The Minister of Mines transmittedthe land requestto the Minister of Finance,who issued an order for a 60-day public inquirydated 14 December1998. The public inquiryperiod started the day the Prefectof the LogoneOrientale received a copy of this order.
Chad CRP Eng 05-05.doc 4-3 May 1999 CHADRESETTLEMENT AND COMPENSATIONPLAN ENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENT PLAN CHADPORTION - VOLUME3 CHADEXPORT PROJECT
Duringthe inquiry, all concernedparties may maketheir observationsknown. At the conclusion of the public inquiry, the files shall be transmittedto the Minister of Mines, who shall draft a report on the conclusions.
Based on this report, a Declarationof Public Utility (DUP)Decree by the Councilof Ministerswill be issuedto:
* Pronouncethe Declarationof Public Utilityfor the construction,operation, and maintenance of the TOTCO TransportationSystem, * Identifythe plots of land to be expropriated, * Pronouncetheir expropriations,and * Withdrawthe customaryrights attached to the expropriatedland.
The DUP Decree shall be publishedin the OfficialJournal.
Compensationfor the expropriatedland may be fixed by amicableagreement.
In case of failure to agree amicablyon compensationwithin 30 days from the publicationof the DUP Decree, either party may resort to the competent court for a determination of compensation. The parties shall each designatetwo experts, who will have thirty days to present their reports to the court. The court shall render its decisionwithin thirty days. Any appealmust be filed within 15 days of the court's decision. TOTCO shall pay the compensation due within 45 days from the fixing of the compensationamount. All land has been obtainedby amicableagreement.
Finally, the Republic of Chad shall, in the Project Approval Decree, allocate the land thus expropriatedto TOTCO in the form of a land easement. The PAD shall be issued no later than three monthsafter applicationhas been admitted.
4.5 LANDTENURE UNDER CUSTOMARY RIGHTS
Project compensation and resettlementactivities have been designed to fit with the local typology of land, its use in the farming system, rights of different groups,and length of Project land needs. Additional informationis containedin the Environmental Assessment, Appendix B, Section4.2.
4.5.1 CustomaryRights over Land Use
Customaryrights among ethnic groups in the Projectarea are, on the whole, similar. Most of the peoplebelong to one, over-archingethnic group, the Sara (Figure4-3). Whether Ngambay, Mbay-Doba, Kabba, or Lakka, since they are all Sara, their land use rules show only minor
May 1999 4-4 Chad CRP Eng 05-05.doc CHADRESETTLEMENT AND COMPENSATIONPLAN ENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENT PLAN CHAD,EXPORTPROJECT CHADPORT7ON - VOLUME3 differences. Any land in the non-Sara territory of the Mboum, on the Cameroon/Chad border, will be needed only temporarily during construction.
Among the Sara, a village controls a certain amount of land whose boundaries are not precise in the surveyor's sense, but nevertheless are widely accepted. These boundaries contain the village, its farmlands and fallow, and regularly exploited bush. Bush that is not regularly used by any village does not belong to anyone and is available for use by anyone. Anyone wishing to farm in uncontrolled bush should ask permission of the canton chief.
Splinter groups can set up farm hamlets on their own village land without consulting anyone. This is because the land is their ndouba to which they have rights because their parents or ancestors opened up the area for settlement and were buried there. The concept of ndouba, used here to indicate "land around the village," "inherited land," or "inherited fields," also means "former village site," "burial place," and one's ancestral home. Section 2.0 mentioned the complex of ideas and the emotions involved with issues in large part signified by the concept of ndouba.
If a group wants to settle in bush controlled by another village they must seek permission, by majority approbation, of the host village. The host village will determine the land they may occupy. If an existing village feels that immigrants will put too much pressure on their land, they can refuse (and often have) to grant any land. Likewise, any individual outsider seeking to farm within another village's boundaries must first have a sponsor within the village. If the outsider is socially unacceptable, or if villagers feel there is not enough land to go around, these issues are made clear to the outsider's host before the host becomes involved as a "sponsor."
Just as an outsider must have a sponsor within a village, a woman who marries into the village is also an outsider, so she acquires land through her husband. Women are not, however, a disadvantaged group as far as land is concerned. First, women have equal rights to land in their natal village (their own ndouba). Since many marriages are within the same village, most women have ready access to their own land. Second, any woman can clear virgin bush wherever she lives, and claim customary rights over it in the same fashion as a man. Nevertheless, the ease with which women can get land in their own village leads many widows to return to their village of origin - another reason why voluntary resettlement is so common.
4.5.2 Traditional Categories of Land
Local dialects usually categorize land in three ways according to its use:
* Inhabited, cultivated, and fallow land,
* Exploited bush, and
* Bush that is not frequently exploited.
Chad CRP Eng 05-05.doc 4-5 May 1999 CHAD RESETTLEMENTANDCOMPENSA77ON PLAN ENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENT PLAN CHAD PORT7ON - VOLUME3 CHAD EXPORT PROJECT
These uses are characterizedby rightswhich range from individualto communityrights.
Inhabitedand cultivatedland is exploitedby individuals. Clearingbush for a field requiresheavy labor and takes from September until the start of the subsequentApril-June planting season. Cleaning brush in last year's field takes much less work. Customaryrights recognizethe labor that an individualinvests in clearingand maintaininga field. The farmer has control over the field s/he cleared as long as s/he keeps it in cultivation. Among all ethnic groups, immediate blood kin also have residualrights to any land a recentlydeceased person was cultivating. If there are no close classificatory"brothers," or once the individual ceases to use this land, it begins to revert back to the community. For this reason,an individualmay not relinquishland s/he is using to an outsiderwithout the generalagreement of the village.
As to fallow land, labor investedis still recognizedto some extent. Anyone else who wants to use recent fallow should ask the farmer's permissionfirst. Ethnic groups differ as to how long bush must be in fallow before it returnsto the communityland pool and any villager can use it freely. This ranges from about 10 years, or 15 to 20 years, to within an adult's memory. The Ngambay are the strictest; cleared land left to fallow can be inherited by one's descendants. This land, also called ndouba, will, nevertheless,revert to the village land pool if the direct descendantsdie.
Exploitedbush is consideredcommunity land. If a village moves, it retains residual rights to its ndouba,exploited land. Others can use it but shouldcheck first with the village. When a village falls apart or dies out, its land returnsto the canton-wideland pool.
Bush that is not regularlyexploited may be usedby anyone. However,bush may contain trees that have been protected by individualfarmers who once farmed this land. These farmers would havefirst claim to the fruits of these trees,even though the field has revertedto bush.
4.5.3 ReligiousOversight
A canton chief has administrativecontrol over the canton's land and acts as a liaison between the governmentand the inhabitantsof his canton. Within villages, inhabitantsare controlledby the villagechief. However,this villagechief has no controlover village lands.
The traditional religious official who controls inhabited, cultivated, and fallow land, including ndouba (land immediatelyaround the village communityused for kitchen garden and burial sites), is the "land priest"or chef de terre. This "land priest"calls on the spirits tied to the land to keepthe land fertile. The "land priest"is also in charge of apportioningfallow land.
Exploitedbush is controlledeither by the "land priest"who controlsthe inhabited,cultivated, and fallow land, or by another traditionalreligious official, dependingon the ethnic group. Where there are two officials,each is independentand controlshis/her category of land.
May 1999 4-6 Chad CRP Eng 05-05.doc CHADRESETTLEMENT AND COMPENSATIONPLAN ENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENT PLAN CHADEXPORT PROJECT CHADPORTION - VOLUME3
Bush that is not regularly exploited is not controlled by a traditional religious official except among the Ngambay.
The canton chief, the village chief,the religiousofficials, and the individualinhabitants should all be taken into considerationduring the land occupationand compensationprocedures (Section 6.0).
Chad CRP Eng 05-05.doc 4-7 May 1999 THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLYLEFT BLANK Figure 4-1: Land Occupation - EEPCI Oil Field Development Area
EEPCIdeclaration of land occupation to Minister of Mines
Negotiation with title/customary rights holder
|Amicableagreement No agreement
Pay compensation in Allow holder to present case front of witnesses (1-4 months)
Decree of occupation
Determination of compensation
If agreed, pay compensation in front of witnesses
If not agreed within 6 months, EEPCIpays provisional compensation to public accountant
97-4925-003 Figure 4-2: Land Occupation - TOTCO Transportation System
TOTCO land needs to Minister of Mines
Minister of Mines transmits to Minister of Finance (45 days)
Minister issues order for public inquiry
+ , ~~~~~~~Negotiationswith title/customary | Publicinquiry (60 days) lArights holders
| Miniser of Mines sends report to Council of Minister Amicable agreement
Expropriation Decree(Government acquires land)
PAD application Project Approval Decree (PAD) If no agreement, submit to court (maximum 3 (Chad allocates land easement to TOTCO) (30 days) months from + application to | xet submit report (30 days)| Decree)ll
|Court renders decision (30 days)|
| ~Appeal (15 days)l
Compensation paid by TOTCO_ (45 days)
97-4925-002 N 'N~~~~~~~~~~.- -' 'F'•.-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~WN''V
-~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~AREA135110000
MEROON~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~O SA4
r ~~ ~ ~ ~ ;>
CHAD"'..""'.' 1(51CETRA oA E --.- '- -
7~1 N-b.y ---- Mb.- NI ONANGF1dETNC ROP
K AMEROON\ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~P~~~~~N 7'- &MOR 4DME a> 4* LIMUEIAII -'- ..- OslO:~~~~f~A FIGUR 4-3 THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLYLEFT BLANK CHADRESETTLEMENT AND COMPENSATIONPLAN ENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENT PLAN CHADEXPORTPROJECT CHADPORTION - VOLUME 3
5.0 COMPENSATION VALUATIONS FOR INDIVIDUAL AND HOUSEHOLD ASSETSHELD BY CUSTOMARYRIGHTS
5.1 INTRODUCTION
EEPCI and/orTOTCO will compensatefor assets and investments,including field labor, crops, buildings, and other improvements,according to the provisionsof this Plan. Compensation rates used are based on in-field sociologicalmarket surveys and questionnairedata collected. In September1998 EEPCI and/orTOTCO carried out a market survey, implementedby GEPF, CIRAD and Focus Surveys. The team found that the 1995 labor rates proposedin the 1998 Chad Compensation and Resettlement Plan were still valid. However, the prices for subsistencecrops were raised to 1998 marketprices. The new rates were used as a basisfor the December 1998-January 1999 compensationpayments. Before each compensation paymentcampaign takes place,valuations will be tested and updatedas necessary.
As discussed in Section 4.2.2, National Domain land will not be paid for. The improvements and investmentsmade by customaryrights users of NationalDomain land will be compensated.
With one importantexception, all fields and all buildingsand structurescomposing the homestead will be compensatedfor as outlinedin the following sections. Compensationwill not be made for any building or field createdon a pieceof land after notificationof its use by the Project has alreadybeen given. Anyone who buildson, or farms, this land after notificationwill do so at the risk of losing their investment.
Homesteadsites, like fields and bush, are communityproperty. Only the structureson the site belong to individuals. The permanentloss of any homesteadsite will be covered by village compensation(Section 7.0).
5.2 COMPENSATIONPAYMENTS AND RELATEDCONSIDERATIONS
Individualand householdcompensation payments will be made in cash, in-kind, and/orthrough assistance. The type of compensationpayment will be an individualchoice.
FORMSOF COMPENSATIONPAYMENTS CashPayments Compensationwill be calculatedand paid in the nationalcurrency. Rates will be adjustedfor inflation. In-Kind Compensationmay include items such as buildingmaterials, seedlings, agricultural Compensation inputs,and financial credits for equipment. Assistance Assistancemay include transportation and labor.
Making such compensation payments raises some issues regarding inflation, security, and timingthat must be considered.
Chad CRP Eng 05-05.doc 5-1 May 1999 CHADRESETTLEMENT AND COMPENSA77ON PLAN ENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENT PLAN CHADPORTION - VOLUME3 CHADEXPORT PROJECT
5.2.1 Local Inflation
One purpose of providing in-kind compensation is to reduce inflationary pressures on the costs of goods and services. The EEPCI and/or TOTCO Designated Representative (EDR) can distribute procurement over a wide area, such that inflationary pressure on local markets is limited. In-kind compensation also reduces pressure on nearby bush resources.
Local inflation in the cost of goods and services may still occur. Thus, market prices will be monitored within the time period that EEPCI and/or TOTCO is paying compensation to allow the EDR to adjust compensation values.
5.2.2 Lack of Banking Facilities
The question of protection, especially for people who will be receiving cash compensation payments, is an area of concern. EEPCI is encouraging the Government and the banking sector to address this issue. Several NGOs counseled compensation recipients before and after they were paid. EEPCI also assisted individuals, who received compensation in taking their compensation payments to the financial institution in Doba, if they so chose.
5.2.3 Location and Timing of Payments
The time and place for in-kind compensation payments will be decided by each recipient in consultation with the EDR. In-kind compensation has been ordered by the affected individuals in the OFDA and the pipeline corridor and they are awaiting delivery of their goods.
Monetary payments were, and will be, made in relation to the seasonal calendar, ensuring that money is available to recipients before they need to pay for goods and services, e.g., payments for the OFDA and the pipeline corridor were paid in December 1998-January 1999, before the beginning of the next agricultural season.
5.3 COMPENSATION FOR FIELDS
Compensation for fields is aimed at providing a farmer whose field is used for Project purposes with compensation for field labor and crop loss. For this reason, and for transparency's sake, a "field" is defined as an area:
* In cultivation,
* Being prepared for cultivation, or
* Cultivated during the last agricultural season (March-November of previous year).
This definition recognizes that the biggest investment a farmer makes in producing a crop is his or her labor.
May 1999 5-2 Chad CRP Eng 05-05.doc CHADRESETTLEMENT AND COMPENSATIONPLAN ENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENT PLAN CHADEXPORT PROJECT CHADPORTION - VOLUME3
A farmer works in his/her fields most months of the year. Even if no crops are growing, the farmer will be busy investing labor to make the fields ready for cultivation. In deciding whether to clear a new field or plant last year's field again, the farmer tries to strike a balance between low yield from overused land and the substantial energy needed to clear a new plot. A farmer can always decide to reuse last year's field until it is too late to sow.
The major input for producing a crop is not seed or fertilizer, but the significant labor each year. As a result, compensation relating to a field will cover the market price of labor invested as well as the market price of the crop lost.
5.3.1 Field Measurement
The traditional unit of field measurement is the corde, which is a 71 x 71-m square (about half a hectare). Compensation for fields will be paid based on areas no smaller than one-eighth corde. All measurements will be rounded up to the nearest one-eighth corde.
Any farmer who is to receive compensation for a field will measure the amount of land for which compensation is due. Because fields are laid out in cordes, a farmer can survey his or her land by finding the midpoints of the sides of the field, determine perpendiculars from the midpoints, and thereby divide the field into one-quarter cordes. The farmer can then repeat this process to determine one-eighth cordes.
Use of this method avoids subsequent accusations of mis-measurement or miscalculation of square meterage. Fields were clearly marked out with survey stakes and were measured by using GPS survey equipment and by complying with the land requirements for the OFDA and the 30-meter easement requirements along the pipeline. The data were recorded and converted into AutoCAD, and drawings of each field were generated.
5.3.2 Calculation of Field Compensation Rate
All "fields" were compensated using a single rate regardless of the crop grown, except for the cotton fields grown under agreement with Cotontchad. This rate incorporates the value of crops and the value of the labor invested in preparing a new field.
Determining compensation using a single rate creates transparency because anyone can measure the area of a field for which compensation is due and multiply that area by a single rate known to all. This approach also allows assignment of values to the previous year's fields (fields in which a farmer has already invested labor that will yield a crop in the current year) and fields that have been planted but have not yet sprouted. Further, it avoids contention over crop density, quality, or intercropping.
Chad CRP Eng 05-05.doc 5-3 May 1999 CHADRESETTLEMENT AND COMPENSATIONPLAN ENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENT PLAN CHADPORTION - VOLUME3 CHAD EXPORTPROJECT
For cotton fields grown under agreementwith Cotontchad,the value of the cotton crop will be compensatedat the Cotontchadprice. The value of the labor invested in preparingthe cotton fieldswill be compensatedat the same rate per field as for non-Cotontchadfields.
The rate used for field compensationwas updatedto reflect values at the time compensation was paid. The rates will be again adjustedwhen compensationwill be paid for areas like the well sites (PhaseII). The followingexample, which is based on 1998 data, derives a total value for a one-hectarefield from the value of the crops on the land and the value of labor invested in preparinga replacementfield.
EXAMPLEOF METHODTO BE USEDTO DETERMINEA COMPENSATIONRATE FORFIELDS* (Based on 1998 data. FCFA payments will be revised to reflect crop values and labor ratesin effect at time of further compensation.) Item Compensated Basis of Value FCFA/ha Valueof Crops Average of the highest 1998 official and 627,856 -StapleCrops x 0.8 marketsurvey field pricesper ha of staple -CashCrops x 0.2 foodcrops (millet, peanuts, and manioc), plus cashcrops (cotton and manioc). LaborInvested Laborcosts of preparinga replacementfield. 88,000 Total Replacementvalue of crops plus labor 715,856 *Note:This example assumes a one-hectarefield. Onehectare equals about two cordes.
Cropvalues will be determinedbased on:
* The value of crops will be calculatedbased on a combinationof staple crops and cash crops. Specifically,the 80/20 ratio of land that a farmer typically has in food crops and cash crops (3 to 4 cordes versus 1 corde)was used to determinethe chances s/he would lose a food crop rather than cashcrop income (AppendixB). * The value of staple cropswas taken as the highest marketprice reachedduring the year, in recognitionof these factors: - Although most farmers grow staple crops mainly for home consumption,they always have the option of sellingthese crops to take advantageof the market. - Farmers most often purchase cereals when they have run out, during the "hungry season" when prices are high. Compensatingat a lower value might put the individual or householdat risk. - Averagingthe highest price of staplefoods yields a high per ha value that reimbursesfor the legumes,vegetables, and other foods that are commonlyinter-cropped with staples, but are almost impossibleto measurefor compensation.
May 1999 5-4 Chad CRP Eng 05-05.doc CHADRESETTLEMENT AND COMPENSATION PLAN ENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENT PLAN CHADEXPORT PROJECT CHADPORTION - VOLUME3
* Although the main cash crop is cotton, manioc also brings in cash on the market. The average cash yields per ha in 1998 (yield per ha times the 1998 price) for cotton and manioc were averaged to determine what value should be apportioned to cash crops.
* The labor cost for preparing replacement fields is calculated on what it would cost a farmer to create a replacement field. This value is found by adding together the average costs of clearing, plowing, sowing, weeding twice, and harvesting the crop. Compensation will be paid in FCFA.
The following table presents an example of a compensation schedule for a one-hectare (about two cordes) field. The FCFA values stated are based on labor rates for 1995-1996, which were found to still be valid for compensation payments made in December 1998 and January 1999. Future compensation will be based on labor rates in effect at the time of compensation.
EXAMPLEOF FIELDCOMPENSATION SCHEDULE OF PAYMENTS* (Basedon 1995-1996data. FCFA paymentswill be revisedto reflectrates in effectat time of compensation.)I ha Laborin FCFA/ha Activity Month Paid Rate Costldayx numberof days Clear March 20,000 Plow May 20,000 Sow May 4,800 Weed May 28,000 Harvest November 15,200 Total 88,000
All agricultural labor activities are included for two reasons. First, because of the need for transparency, all field labor will be compensated for at the same rate. Second, it is difficult to forecast when during the growing season a farmer might need to give up his/her field. Thus, the field compensation covers all investments that a farmer has made.
In certain cases, assistance may be provided to field users in addition to compensation payments, for example, if the farmer is notified that his/her land is needed after the agriculturally critical date of March, when s/he will no longer have enough time to prepare another field without help. Assistance will be provided in the form of labor-intensive village hire, or perhaps mechanized clearing, so that replacement field(s) will be ready by the sowing dates. The farmer will still continue to receive his/her cash compensation so that s/he can pay for sowing, weeding, and harvesting.
Compensation will be paid by replacing structures such as huts, houses, farm outbuildings, latrines, and fences. The going market prices for construction materials in December 1998 - February 1999 were the same as in 1995. Therefore, at this time, no adjustments have been
Chad CRPEng 05-05.doc 5-5 May 1999 CHADRESE1TLEMENT AND COMPENSAT7ON PLAN ENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENT PLAN CHADPORTION -- VOLUME3 CHADEXPORT PROJECT made. EEPCI and/or TOTCO will survey these prices for administrativepurposes on an ongoingbasis, in consultationwith the Governmentof Chad representedby the CTNSC.
5.3.3 Paymentof FieldCompensation
Compensationwill be paid to the individualwho holds primary rights in the field, i.e., who had the field cleared. This individualwill be responsiblefor settlingwith anyone else who is farming in that field (definedin AppendixA).
The compensationfor fields will be paid either in cash or in-kind, or a combinationof both, as agreed to by the affected individual or household and the EDR who is implementing compensation. Although some farmers may elect to take cash, there are considerable advantagesto in-kind compensation.These includethe following:
* Grainor other items can be purchasedin bulk from more distantmarkets at lower prices. * The likelihoodof robbery or theft of cash compensationis reduced, as is the pressure on recipientsto lend out cash or treat other villagers,and the possibilitythat the money will be mismanaged, * The farmer is relievedof finding meansto transportitems from the marketto his/hervillage. * Cerealbanks can be developed.
5.4 COMPENSATIONFOR BUILDINGSAND STRUCTURES
Compensationwill be paid for any building or structure,including fences, outbuildings,or other associatedimprovements, that is:
* Abandonedbecause of relocationor resettlementof an individualor household,or * Directlydamaged by constructionactivities.
For administrativepurposes, updates on costs of labor and materials will be done prior to construction. This will have no impact on resettlementoptions. In-kindreplacement or "house for a house" is the basic principle in managingcompensation for all buildings and structures. However,due to feedback received during the consultationprocess, the main dwellings of the affectedindividual will be replacedwith dwellingswith tin roofs, if the affected individualchooses this option.
Compensationwill be paid to the individualwho has primary rights in the structure,as defined in Appendix A. This individual will be responsiblefor compensating any other users of the structure. Exception: Elderly peoplesometimes occupy housesthat become abandonedupon the death of the inhabitant/builder. In such cases, compensationwill be paid directly to the inhabitant.
May 1999 5-6 Chad CRP Eng 05-05.doc CHADRESETTLEMENT AND COMPENSATIONPLAN ENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENT PLAN CHADEXPORT PROJECT CHADPORTION- VOLUME3
There is only a short windowof time,from Decemberto March,when an individualcan prepare building materials. Anyone who plans to build must respectthese dates or procure materialsin the open marketand hirebuilders. As a result,compensation will:
* Cover eitherthe purchasecost of buildingmaterials or providethem in-kind. * Cover labor costs.
Buildings,structures, and other improvementswill be replaced. Replacementvalues will be updatedbefore compensation begins and will be basedon:
* Drawingsof individual'shomestead and all its related structuresand accouterments, * Average replacementcost of differenttypes of homesteadbuildings and structuresbased on collectionof informationon the numbersand types of materials used to construct different types of structures(e.g., bricks, rafters,shooks of straw,doors),
* Pricesof these items collectedin differentlocal markets,and * Estimatesof constructionlabor required.
COMPENSATIONFOR BUILDINGSAND STRUCTURES Buildingsand structureswill be replacedby an equivalentstructure or, on an exceptionbasis, cash and/orcredits willbe paid based on replacementcosts. Item Example House Rawor bakedbrick Strawor tin roof Varyingsizes (small medium, large) Kitchen Open,closed Stables/sheds/pens Cattle,goat, other Coop Chicken Fence Straw/poles(per unit poles & mat),raw and/or baked brick (per 1-m length PrivateBathing Latrine Replacementlatrines will be similarto those being installed by NGOs currentlyworking on healthprojects in the area. Openwell Hangar/gazebo Storagebuilding
Compensationfor structuresdestroyed or abandonedwill be in combinationof cash and in-kind paymentsor by cash only. Compensationwill be based on the value of the existing structure, but the style and cost of the new structureto be builtwill be at the discretionof the recipient.
Chad CRP Eng 05-05.doc 5-7 May 1999 CHADRESETTLEMENT AND COMPENSATIONPLAN ENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENT PLAN CHADPORTION - VOLUME3 CHADEXPORT PROJECT
For cash only compensation,compensation will be determinedby the cost of a replacement structure using current local market prices for construction materials, prefabricated building parts, and constructionlabor.
For cash and in-kind compensation,the recipientwill receive the usual cash costs of labor to construct a similar replacementstructure, and in addition s/he may request some or all of the materials needed to build a similar replacementstructure in-kind. In-kind compensationmay assist in:
* Reducing pressure on local bush resourcesby the purchasingof buildingmaterials in non- local markets, * Providingan opportunityfor the communityto earn moneyby providingthe labor neededto completea structureor by providingbuilding materials (Appendix D), and * Reducingthe time pressureon affected individualsto make bricks, gather straw, and build replacementstructures.
In addition to direct compensation,the owner or inhabitant may reclaim for salvage any materialss/he can. The EDR will arrange, possiblywith paid communitylabor, to move items such as stakes, poles, and any other buildingmaterials that can be saved and reused, along with such householditems as furnishings,grain, animals,and equipment. The structure owner or inhabitantwill agree on a time frame within which salvageand transfer of householdeffects must be complete.
Any latrines lost becauseof Project activitywill be replaced by a latrine similar to those being installed by NGOs currently working on health projects in the area. Anyone who moves becauseof resettlementwill receivea latrine.
5.5 COMPENSATIONFOR SACREDSITES
Sacredsites includealtars, initiationcenters, and naturalfeatures in which spirits are immanent. Compensationwill be negotiatedon a case-by-casebasis for disturbanceof sacred sites and/or movement,including burials.
Sacredsites, like village lands or bush, are communityproperty presided over by an individual who acts on behalf of others. This person either has inherited this spiritual charge or has undergonesome personalexperience that has empoweredhim to perform rites at the sacred site.
Compensationfor the site will be negotiatedwith the individual,as representativeof all those whom his/her spirit can affect. Negotiationswill be open to anyone concerned, but the individualwill make the final decisionon compensation.
May 1999 5-8 Chad CRP Eng 05-05.doc CHADRESETTLEMENT AND COMPENSATIONPLAN ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN CHADEXPORT PROJECT CHADPORTION - VOLUME3
5.5.1 Ritual Sites
Dependingon the spirit, any number of people can participatein the rites that take place at a sacred site. This must be determinedon an individualbasis. Some religious powers act only on the individual,who performshis rites for his own sake. Somespirits are powerfulenough to affect the "owner's"entire village, or surroundingarea. A few rites, especiallythose concerning initiationsor very potent spirits, involvelarge numbersof people,even whole tribes. Sites such as these raise widespread interest, but it is still the individual who mediates between the populaceand the spirit and controlsthe site.
5.5.2 Objects
Spirits may be inherentin objectsthat can be moved,with appropriatesacrifices and formalities, to another place. Compensationwill cover the ritual costsof movingthe object.
5.5.3 Locations
Some sites are in themselves sacred and cannot be displaced. This will be assessed on a case-by-casebasis. If the site cannot be avoided,compensation might include some form of communityenhancement to help offsetthe spiritualloss as resolvedthrough discussions
5.5.4 Tombs and Cemeteries
Burial sites are sacred for the family of the deceasedonly as long as descendantsremember who was buried there. Once the individualis forgotten(which happens within two generations), the site no longer has any sacred importance;farmers turning up human remains in long- forgottentombs treat them with respectbut are not impededfrom cultivatingthe land.
If individualsremember the locationof tombs and cemeteries,the Project will avoid these sites where practical. Otherwise they will be moved if necessary,with compensationpaid to the family to cover costs of reburial.
Becausesome sacred sites and burials are often known only to a few individuals,information will be collectedduring the centerlinesurvey on the locationof sites to be avoided,moved, and compensatedfor (Section8.0).
5.6 COMPENSATIONFOR KITCHENGARDENS AND BEEHIVES
5.6.1 KitchenGardens
These are planted with vegetablesand ingredientsfor the daily sauce. Until a replacement garden starts to bear, the family displaced as a result of Project land needs will have to purchase these items in the market. The replacementcost will be calculated based on the
Chad CRP Eng 05-05.doc 5-9 May 1999 CHADRESErTLEMENT AND COMPENSATIONPLAN ENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENT PLAN CHADPORTION - VOLUME3 CHADEXPORT PROJECT average amount that an average town dweller spends on buying sauce ingredients for one year per adult or adolescent. In 1995, the cost of each kitchen garden lost was estimated to be 50,000 FCFA (see Appendix A for definition).
5.6.2 Beehives
Beehives are placed in various locations in the bush by some individuals that specialize in honey gathering. If such hives would be disturbed by Project activities, the beekeepers can move them, and the bees will adapt to the new locations. Beekeepers will be compensated by the value of one season's production of honey from the number of hives moved.
5.7 COMPENSATION FOR TREES
5.7.1 Mango Trees
Mango trees are the primary fruit tree in the Project area and are estimated to account for about 80 percent of all fruit-bearing trees. They are primarily important as a source of:
* Subsistence food for families,
* Petty market income in some areas, and
, Shade.
Given their importance to the local subsistence economy, mangoes will be compensated on a combined replacement/market value. Mangoes grown for commercial purposes will compensated at market value based on historical production records.
The compensation rate is based on information obtained during a two-week study conducted in January and February 1998 to update information obtained in 1995. Participants included two CTNSC representatives from the Chadian government, an agronomist from CIRAD Research Institute, two COLONG development agronomists, and two EEPCI and/or TOTCO representatives. The study included:
* Interviews with agricultural officials, orchard owners, tree experts, mango buyers/sellers, and farmers, * Review of production records relating to production yields of trees (kg) by year for local and grafted varieties of mangoes,
* Collection of information on market prices, and
* Review of bibliographic sources.
The study revealed few systematic data are available on production rates of local Bangui and Maidougouri mangoes. Better, but very limited, data were available on grafted mangoes in the
May 1999 5-10 Chad CRP Eng 05-05.doc CHADRESETTLEMENT AND COMPENSATIONPLAN ENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENT PLAN CHADEXPORT PROJECT CHADPORTION - VOLUME3 region. The latter are highly desired by farmers in the area, because their fruits are larger and their primary production period (depending upon variety) is between June and September, well after the end of the harvest season for local varieties, but the "hungry season" for farmers. As a result they:
* Provide an additional source of food to feed families during the growing season, and
* Are sold for 70 to 600 FCFA/kg, substantially more than local varieties, which sell for 15 to 25 FCFA/kg during the height of the harvest and about 80 to 100 FCFA/kg near the beginning and end of their harvest season.
Although highly desired, extremely limited availability, high cost, and difficulties in transporting grafted saplings to planting sites during the rainy season have limited their adoption in Southem Chad.
Another focus of the study was to assess the potential number of mango trees that might be affected by construction activities. The following activities were completed.
* Visits to major Project facility sites to assess whether mango trees were growing within proposed facility boundaries. e A windshield survey of much of the road to be improved between the Chad-Cameroon border and Kome to assess the potential for mangoes and other trees to be removed or pruned during road improvements.
* Review of 1:1,000 scale air photos of all OFDA sites to assess the presence of large, mature trees in proposed construction areas. Only mature trees are identifiable at this scale.
The road to be upgraded for the Project was surveyed in January-February 1999. Based on this review, actual impacts to large mature trees are estimated to be:
Fixed facility sites Two trees. Road Without village by-passes: about 970 trees. improvements With village by-passes: about 163 trees located on village fringes. Pipeline Zero trees.
This estimate is subject to further changes based on site selection. For information on mango trees, see Appendix E, Table E-12.
Interviews revealed families own anywhere from 0 to 15 mango trees, with most households interviewed owning about seven. If households choose to resettle, they will be compensated for the labor invested in the trees they leave behind, because they will continue to own the trees left
Chad CRP Eng 05-05.doc 5-11 May 1999 CHADRESEtTL.EMENT AND COMPENSATIONPLAN ENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENT PLAN CHADPORTION-- VOLUME 3 CHAD EXPORTPROJECT
behind under customaryrights. It is not uncommonfor individualsto own trees in other villages in which they formerly lived and, in some cases,to continueto harvestfruit from those trees for subsistencepurposes and/or sale to traders. If a householdchooses to transfer ownership of the trees, transfer costs will be paid in additionto labor costs.
Based on the resultsof the updatedstudy, a compensationschedule for mangotrees has been developed. Its goals are to:
* Replacesubsistence mango production yields as quickly as possible. * Provide subsistencefarmers with trees to extendthe number of months of the year during which mangoes are producedand can be harvestedas a supplementalsource of food for their families duringtheir "hungryseason." * Provide farmers with the opportunity to derive additional production income from trees bearingmore valuablefruits at off-seasonperiods. * Provide cash paymentsto farmers to replace pre-projectincome derived from the sale of excess mango production until replacementtrees produce the equivalent (or more) in projectedcash income.
The compensationschedule is based on providinga combinationof new graftedand local trees to farmers, as well as cash paymentsto offset lost yearly income. The schedule assumesthe following:
LocalMangoes EstimatedAvg. FruitYield (kg) of MatureTree 800 to 1,300kg/year EstimatedYield Used Ten sacks (1,000kg)/tree/year Market Price, . Height of Harvest Season(March/April) 15 to 25 FCFA/kg . End of season (LateMay) 100to 120 FCFA/kg Price Used As Basis Of This Estimate 80% heightof season;20% end of season Years to Production Six to seven Years to MaximumProduction Twenty Cost of Sapling 250 FCFA,locally available
GraftedMangoes EstimatedAverage Fruit Yield (kg) of a mature 800 to 1,300kg/year tree EstimatedYield Used Almost entireyield due to marketvalue MarketPrice, (Varies accordingto variety) . Heightof HarvestSeason (June/September) 70 to 600 FCFA/kg PriceUsed As Basis Of This Estimate Priceper fruit or sac (100/kg)as quoted by growers. Years to Production Four to five Years to MaximumProduction Eight Cost of Sapling 1,000to 2,500 FCFA,not locallyavailable
May 1999 5-12 Chad CRP Eng 05-05.doc CHADRESETTLEMENT AND COMPENSATIONPLAN ENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENT PLAN CHADEXPORT PROJECT CHADPORTION - VOLUME3
EEPCI and/or TOTCO Schedule for Mango Trees Cut Down Est. In-Kind Replacement Type/Age of Tree Years For Local Mangoes Credits/Financial Support Sapling 0-1 Deliver to farmer: . 2,500 FCFA Trees planted after . Choice of two mango trees centerline survey in (local and/or improved area will not be eligible grafted) for compensation. . Supplies: fencing to protect tree, a bucket for watering, and a spade Sapling/Young Tree 1-6 Deliver to farmer: . Equivalent of 30,000 FCFA in credits First minor production . choice of two mango trees or other financial support for labor (12-50 fruits occurs (local and/or improved invested in planting, fencing, and about age 4 -5 grafted) watering4, made in one payment. . supplies: fencing to protect tree, a bucket for watering, and a spade Mature Trees - Fruit 6-30+ Deliver to farmer: . Equivalent of 30,000 FCFA in credits Producing . Choice of two mango trees or other financial support for labor (local and/or improved invested in planting, fencing, and grafted) watering. . Supplies: fencing to protect . Equivalent of 520,000 FCFA in tree, a bucket for watering, credits or other financial support, and a spade representing eight years (8 years x 10 sacks x 6,500 FCFA/sack) lost income/subsistence until replacement trees begin production. This rate was agreed to by the mango survey team. Total: Equivalent of 550,000 FCFA in cash or equivalent financial support to be paid in one installment. Mature Trees - Low or 30+ Same as for mature trees * Same as above Non-Fruit Producing above _
No compensation will be paid for minor pruning of trees. Compensation for removal of limbs will be prorated on the basis of the number of square meters of surface area removed. The total surface area of the tree will be calculated using the following formula: (1/2 diameter of canopy)2 x 3.14.
5.7.2 Other Domestic Fruit and Shade Trees
These trees have recognized local market values. According to the 1998 market survey, values ranged from 2,000 FCFA to 50,000 FCFA per tree (Table 5-1) depending upon the species and age. The current monetary values of trees other than mangoes will be determined when market prices are updated, and individual compensation will be paid accordingly. For information on domestic fruit and shade trees, see Appendix E, Table E-13. (NOTE: after Project Approval:
4Note: Estimatesfor wateringare basedon about120 days of wateringper year at no morethan 3 hoursper day.
ChadCRP Eng 05-05.doc 5-13 May1999 CHADRESETTLEMENT AND COMPENSATIONPLAN ENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENT PLAN CHADPORTION - VOLUME3 CHADEXPORT PROJECT
Trees such as Karite, Nere and Tamarindwill undergo a market survey as part of the overall compensation process. Any changes required would be done through the Change ManagementProcess.)
5.7.3 IndividuallyOwned Wild, ProductiveTrees
Individualcompensation will be paid for wild trees "owned" by individuals,which are located in "fields" as defined by the Plan. The value of such trees has been discussed during public consultationin OFDA villages. The compensationrates agreed ranged from 5,000 to 30,000 FCFA (Table5-1). For informationon wild productivetrees, see AppendixE, Table E-14.
Note that wild, productivetrees belongto the communitywhen they occur in the true bush as opposedto a fallow field. These trees will be compensatedfor under the umbrellaof village or communitycompensation (Section 7.0).
5.8 COMPENSATIONFOR FISHERIES
Certain particularlyrich fishing areas are consideredto be sacred sites. Traditionally,these sites "belong" to individuals who preside over them on behalf of the community. These individualsmediate with the spirits of the stream. They also have the right to build weirs and traps, and may permitothers to do the same.
Because most Project-relatedconstruction across waterways will occur during the dry season, the potential need for compensation associated with fisheries is expected to be minimal. Nevertheless,compensation will be paid as follows:
* Any defensiblydemonstrated decline in subsistenceand market catch will be compensated for basedon applicablemarket rate. * Fishing areas that are 'owned" will be compensatedfor on a case-by-casebasis following the same procedureas for sacredsites. * Weirs and traps will be compensatedfor at replacementvalue. * Impacts to community fishing grounds will be addressed as part of community compensation.
5.9 SEMI-SEDENTARYAND TRANSHUMANTPASTORALISTS
As discussedin the 1997version of the Environmental Assessment, no direct impacton herders is anticipatedas a result of Projectactivities. Because no impact is foreseen, no compensation is anticipated.
May 1999 5-14 ChadCRP Eng 05-05.doc CHADRESETTLEMENT AND COMPENSATIONPLAN ENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENT PLAN CHAD EXPORT PROJECT CHAD PORTION - VOLUME 3
The ability of migratoryherds to cross constructionareas in a timely manner was considered. However,no impact is anticipatedfor several reasons.
Pastoralistsand their leaderspointed out that enough alternatepassages exist for herders en route to Southern Chad to completely bypass the Nya drainage in the OFDA (Figure 5-1). Dependingon rainfall and local conditions,pastoralists often elect to use these alternateroutes anyway. Likewise,alternate routes also exist to the CAR and Cameroon. Rather than using routes that may cross the pipeline during the two to three months it will take for construction, transhumantscan substituteanother trail.
In order for herders to avoid construction,they will be notified of the time and place such activities will occur. The Ministry of Livestock,transhumant leaders, and veterinarians have offered to inform herders about the location and types of activities taking place. These individualsfeel that these actions will be sufficient,for the essence of the pastoral lifestyle is constantadaptation to changingcircumstances. 5
Informationwas gathered on the locations of major transhumantroutes crossing the pipeline route. Using this information,TOTCO will construct crossingsto permit transhumanceaccess across constructionzones where appropriate. If necessary,local workers will be hired to help herd cattle safely acrossthe constructionzone.
5 See Environmental Assessment, Chad Export Project, Chad Portion, Appendix B for further detail.
ChadCRP Eng 05-05.doc 5-15 May 1999 CHADRESETTLEMENT AND COMPENSATIONPLAN ENviRONMENTALMANAGEMENrPLAN CHADPORT7ON - VOLUME3 CHADEXPORT PROJECT
Table 5-1 IndividualCompensation Rates
INDIVIDUALCOMPENSATION Sep 1998 - Jan 99 Item Sub-Category Unit Compensation Value Field foodstuffs & others 1 corde 357,930 Cotontchad cotton 1 corde 119,600 Domestic Fruit Trees Avocado non-productive 5,000 productive 30,000 Banana non-productive 2,000 productive 2,000 Lemon non-productive 15,000 productive 50,000 Guava non-productive 7,500 productive 25,000 Lime non-productive 15,000 productive 50,000 Orange non-productive 15,000 productive 50,000 Grapefruit non-productive 15,000 productive 50,000 Papaya non-productive 4,000 productive 8,000
Shade Trees ______young 5,000 __ _ _ _ adult__ _ _ [ 30,000 Individually Owned Wild Productive Trees in "Fields" Karite non-productive 5,000 productive 30,000 Nere, non-productive 5,000 productive 30,000 Tamarind non-productive f 5,000 productive 30,000 Mango Trees & 2 saplings & equipment 0-1 year 2,500 & 2 saplings & equipment 1-6 years 30,000 & 2 saplings & equipment 6 + years 550,000 Fishing Equipment Wiers small 25,500 large 49,500 Catch demonstrable loss according to case Kitchen Garden 50,000 Beehive 8,000
Sacred Site _ according to case Buildings & Other Structures Dwellings 7.5 m' Replacement Standard sizes 18 m'i 14 mzi12 m' Replacement 10.5 m Latrines approved latrine Other Structures replacement "like for like"
May 1999 5-16 ChadCRP Eng05-05.doc I ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~..BedjI Eea
Deli / tV~> FINAM~ BA
w ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~MOUNDOU"OILFIELD DEVELOPMENT ARF EBegada__ Baikoro Kou tatu I'A
0 jMa~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~b ~~~~N.DankarsaChAD -4~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~K. f
( 4~~~~s6
CHD
Donkas~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 8ki
Laramanay~~~~~~~~Bdagr- Jft~ ~tiO/J F ak
-f~~~~~~~~~~~~p"
A "
J-
LEGaEND - - -- Intor-t 0-1 Brd-r TrRANSHU MANT
- - - - Ppilor- U Vil l.g.SiedooPurt..RS PASTORALIST ROUTES 0 P.t-1 R-W, L.] P.'w"l Wdl, ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~DESCENTFROM NORTHlTO SOUTH Des-et f-teNort to Sou~th ChdPoet(NOVEMBER THROUGH JANtUARY)& FROM SOUTII TO NORTHI L XtnK 0' uidd rjc ASCENT )Ntet~hetro 0 h oout hdEpr
oarw__ Puott-lR.otw,L Mmuuo 10F16 Aru-nt froto Soothto North DAMES& MOORE FIGURE 5-1 (02 18-908) L M.y tiorrogh JolIy) I3loho I-old THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLYLEFT BLANK CHADRESErtLEMENT AND COMPENSATIONPLAN ENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENT PLAN CHAD EXPORT PROJECT CHAD PORTION - VOLUME3
6.0 INDIVIDUALUHOUSEHOLDCOMPENSATION AND RESETTLEMENT
6.1 INTRODUCTION
This Sectiondiscusses the processby which individualsand householdsdirectly affected by the Chad Export Project's short- and long-term land needs will be compensated. The type of compensationto be offered is partially dependenton whether the land is privately owned or belongsto the State(Figure 6-1).
In addition, a number of individual and householdcompensation programs will be offered, associated either with construction of the Transportation System and infrastructure improvements,or with the OFDA (Sections6.0 and7.0).
ProjectComponent Pipeline/ OilField Typesof Infrastructure Development CompensationAvailable Improvements Area Cashpayments Yes Yes In-kindcompensation Yes Yes Relocation No Yes Resettlement No Yes Improvedagricultural No Yes Off-farmincome No Yes
6.2 TYPE OF IMPACTS
In most cases, Projectland requirementswill affectonly a minor portion of an individualfarmer's fields, and/or perhapssome structureswill need to be removed. In these cases, the individual will still control a numberof valuableassets in the area, and economicviability is not threatened.
In this case, compensationwill providefor the replacementof fields and structuresin different, but nearby, locations-- in other terms, the structuresor fields would be 'relocated." If these structuresinclude field houses used duringthe rainy seasonthis housingwill be relocatedand the family assistedwith movingtheir effects, as is the case with resettlement. As discussedin the precedingsection, individualcompensation in such cases will include labor costs and will providefor in-kindcompensation.
In some other cases, the Project's land requirementsmight affect all or a major portion of an individual's or household's holdings. If an individual or household does not have enough farmlandto remain economicallyviable after surrenderingfields to the Project,they may need to move to a new area. In these cases, individualsand householdswill become eligible for resettlement, as well as for replacement compensationfor lost investments. Instead of
Chad CRP Eng 05-05.doc 6-1 May 1999 CHAD RESETTLEMENT AND COMPENSATION PLAN ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN CHAD PORTION- VOLUME 3 CHAD EXPORT PROJECT resettling in a different area, these individuals and householdsmay elect to participate in alternativecompensation programs that make up for lost farmland,making reseKtlementa last recourse if they so choose.
Early projections of the amount of land needed for the Project were used to estimate the number of individualsor householdsthat might become economicallynon-viable as a result of surrendering land to the Project. The "worst case scenario" would result in everyone who surrendered land to the Project becoming non-viable. In that case, the number of individuals/householdseligible for resettlementwould dependon the amountof land needed by the Project divided by the amount of land needed for an individual'sor household'sviability. The amount of Project land dividedby the averageamount of land in cultivationby an average household was used to set the lower limit6 of individuals/householdsaffected (60 individuals/households). The amount of Project land divided by the usual number of fields cultivated by small householdsset the upper limit of householdsthat might become non-viable (150).
The numberof factors makethis the "worst case scenario":
• It is unlikelythat all the land neededfor the Projectwill be in cultivation; * Since most households cultivate in at least two different places, it is unlikely that most householdswill lose all their land to the Project; * The Project has continued,through redesign,to reduce the amountof land used in the initial calculations(i.e., well sites are smaller)
The majority of Project lands was identifiedduring the 1998 Centerline Survey. All pipeline lands were identifiedand resultedin no resettlement. Blocks of land neededfor constructionin the OFDAwere also identified,resulting in 18 peopleand their householdsbecoming eligible for resettlement. These blocks equal 42% of OFDA land needs. Land acquired during past explorationactivities will be reusedfor another 10% of land needed,and the remaining48% will be taken up by drill pads and their accessroads. Since eachdrill pad will take only I corde (1/2 ha.) permanentlyout of cultivation and these pads will be scaKteredover a wide area, it is unlikely that all of an individual'sfields will be affected by drill pads and roads. Fewer people will probably become eligible for reseKtlementas a result of the remaining48% of land needs than the 18 affected by the initial42% block. The CRP continuesto provide,nevertheless, for a maximumof 150 households.
Drill pads and associatedaccess roads can be sited only as the productionresults of earlier wells become known. Since individualwells (and their 15m. wide access roads) will be sited
6Larger than average land holdings will reduce the number of households even more.
May 1999 6-2 Chad CRP Eng 05-05.doc CHADRESETTLEMENT AND COMPENSATION PLAN ENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENT PLAN CHADEXPORT PROJECT CHAD PORTION - VOLUME3 over several years, some people will be notified only later during the constructionperiod that their land is needed. To minimizeimpacts on the affected individuals,EEPCI and/or TOTCO will continue the processthat provides as much advancenotification as possibleand provides compensationin a timely manner.
If an individualor householdthat is not eligiblefor resettlementdecides, because of the loss of a house or homestead, to move voluntarily to a new village (even though s/he remains economicallyviable), only replacementcost compensationfor investmentsand labor of the resource directly affected by the Project will be paid. The decisionto move in this case was a personaldecision.
6.3 RESETTLEMENTAND RESETTLEMENTALTERNATIVES
Individuals and households faced with economic non-viabilitymay resettle. People in the Project area have traditionallydealt with lack of land in this manner,but in this case they will have Project help and Projectcompensation for lost assets.
In recent decades, local people have been dealing with problems related to the availabilityof productiveland, increasingpressure on availableland, and soil infertilityby using less traditional means. The latter include raising soil fertility with farm equipmentand inputs, and growing valuable cash cropsfor moneyto buy food. Othersearn off-farmincome to buy food.
In line with these efforts, the Plan will advise people eligible for resettlement about two alternativesthey may considermaking resettlement a last recourse.
* Individualswould be providedtraining in improvedagricultural techniques and would receive third-partycredits to acquireequipment. Withoutresettling, they can farm more productively on the land that remainsavailable to them. * People who have some marketable off-farm skills already, can improve these skills by participatingin local training programsoffered by local organizations. The Plan will pay for tuition (to a maximum of 75,000 FCFA) in a local training program for which they qualify. Credits for the purchase of equipment (maximum 200,000 FCFA) will be provided to individuals. Individualscan use their off-farm income to purchase what they no longer produce. In all cases individualsare compensatedfor their crops and labor investments and structures.
Local people proposed these two alternatives as reasonable and desirable alternatives to resettlementthat would help them compensatefor the lost productionand income on their lost field labor and crops.
EEPCIand/or TOTCO recognizesthat it will be difficultfor individualsand householdsto choose between alternatives because of their long-term impacts on the economic viability of the
Chad CRP Eng05-05.doc 6-3 May 1999 CHADRESETTLEMENT AND COMPENSATIONPLAN ENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENT PLAN CHADPORTION - VOLUME3 CHADEXPORTPROJECT household. To assist individuals,households, and communitiesin making informed decisions concerning compensationand resettlementoptions, EEPCI and/or TOTCO will designate a representative,or EDR,who will be the facilitatorto:
* Help people and their villages understandand analyzethe individual'ssituation, capacities, economiccircumstances, and future beforeendorsing a final compensationchoice, * Provide as much opportunityas possible for individualsand householdsto make a wise decisionamong the various compensationand resettlementaltematives available, and * Work with the affectedparties during the constructionperiod to implementtheir choices.
In the end, the decision is that of the individual. EEPCI and/or TOTCO cannot be responsible for varying outcomes.
6.4 ELIGIBILITYFOR RESETTLEMENTAND ALTERNATIVES
Virtually all Project resettlementwill occur in the OFDA. There were no resettlementcases along the pipelineeasement, as the pipelineroute had been sited to avoid inhabited areas. In addition, the pipeline areas are less densely populatedthan the OFDA, making it easier for anyonewho surrendersland for pipelineconstruction to find unusedland nearby. Further,since work on the pipelinewill last only a few months,individual compensation for fields, providingthe equivalent of the field's harvest, plus the costs of preparinga new field, will compensateany affected peopleuntil constructionis finished.
Improved agricultural techniques and off-farm income will not be offered as compensation options for impacts associated with the TOTCO Transportation System's infrastructure improvements and pipeline construction. Review of potential land needs indicated that permanentland needsfor the TOTCOTransportation System would be extremelylimited; most are temporaryconstruction needs lastingless than one agriculturalseason.
6.5 RESETTLEMENT
Resettlementis intendedto allow an individualor householdto recreateits previous houses, installations,and fields in a new area usingthe compensationpaid for each asset lost. Affected parties may reuse any old materialswithout detriment to their compensation.
Resettlementunder this Planwill take advantageof the commonexperience of self-resettlement so typical of the area. Followingtraditional patterns, an individualand/or householdmay elect to:
* Join friends and relativesin an alreadyexisting village, * Set up a new farming hamlet,or
May 1999 6-4 Chad CRP Eng 05-05.doc CHADRESETTLEMENT AND COMPENSATIONPLAN ENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENT PLAN CHADEXPORTPROJECT CHAD PORTION - VOLUME3
* Create a new village in conjunction with a number of others who are also resettling.
The choice of where to resettle is left to the individual or household, and adequate time will be allowed for the decision. The time frame is addressed in Table 6-1.
EEPCI and TOTCO will not decide on the place where people will resettle. Instead, the resettlers themselves will access land in the traditional way and on traditional and customary terms. Not only does this replicate the cultural pattern, but experience from other resettlement projects has shown a higher success rate when resettlers and local authorities carry out negotiations among themselves, without govemment or agency interference. If difficulty is encountered in finding a new piece of land, the EDR may act as a facilitator. If necessary, the next higher level of local authorities will be asked to broker an agreement. For information on resettlement and relocation cases, see Appendix E. People who have opted for resettlement have all decided to join friends and relatives in an existing village.
The EDR will provide decision-making facilitation, assistance with logistics, and delivery of in- kind compensation. If notice of Project land needs are given at a time when people cannot complete activities needed to resettle, such as build a house or clean new fields within the traditional agricultural cycle, the EDR will provide, when necessary, land preparation and help in construction and moving through labor-intensive village employment or through other means.
People will be paid for resettlement as a result of direct Project activities, but not for future moves. If someone resettles using Project compensation and assistance, and later decides to move someplace else, this is his or her own personal decision and responsibility.
6.6 IMPROVED AGRICULTURAL TECHNIQUES
Rather than moving, individuals and households may decide to remain in their current village, with less land, and through improved agriculture find a source of income by growing higher value and/or higher yield food crops. Local farmers are already interested in growing a number of high-value crops but have difficulty finding seeds. Similarly, many of the farmers are attracted by techniques that slow loss of soil fertility or that raise yield, but they lack the equipment or inputs to implement them. The Project-supported improved agricultural activities in the OFDA should minimize these impediments for impacted individuals.
Individuals who choose the improved agriculture option instead of resettling will:
* Be taught sought-aftertechniques and ways around bottlenecks that impede production;
* Be eligible in the first year for agricultural credits, with which they can purchase agricultural equipment and inputs that will raise yield, so they can achieve the same yield or income as before from less land and maintain that level of production;
Chad CRP Eng 05-05.doc 6-5 May 1999 CHAD RESE7TLEMENT AND COMPENSATION PLAN ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN CHADPORTION -- VOLUME3 CHADEXPORTPROJECT
* Receiveindividual compensation for any assets lost becauseof the Project.
EEPCI and/or TOTCO intends to enter into a contract with an appropriate organization to provide improvedagricultural techniques to individualsdirectly affected by oil field development (AppendixC).
6.7 OFF-FARM INCOME
Ratherthan moving,individuals may decideto remain in their currentvillage and find an off-farm source of income as a meansof replacingfood and income derivedfrom the lost farmlands. For most, the narrow demandfor off-farmproducts and skills restricts the degree to which off-farm income can provide an alternate source of income for lost land. However, certain affected individualsmay feel that their skills and market demand offer sufficient opportunityfor them to select this option if they could obtainthe tools and materials. Examplesof skills and trades that might provide a steady or sufficientsource of income to allow an individualto cut back farming are carpentry,tailoring, brewing, and pettycommerce.
Beforeoffering support to an individualinterested in this option,the EDR will facilitate:
* The individual'sunderstanding of the potentialfor off-farmincome and the related risks, - Work with the training organizationto help assure that the individual understandswhat is requiredto succeed.
This off-farm supportwill be implementedthrough an experiencedthird-party organization for a term that will extend up to the time that fixed facilities sites constructionis completed(Table 6- 1). Six individualswho have chosen off-farmtraining have requestedthe following options: mechanics and drivers; cooks and restaurateurs;masons; and truck gardeners. Individuals participatingin this programwill receive:
* Tuition for local skills training programscurrently sponsoredby various NGOs active in the region, * Low-interestloans for tools such as saws, lumber, and sewing machines,the possessionof which may aid in obtaining an apprenticeshipwith a local artisan, or low-interestloans for materialssuch as grain,oil, and flour for food servicebusinesses, and * The regular individualcompensation for field labor and crops or buildingssurrendered to the Project.
The compensationthey receivefor field laborand crops will providesupport over the next year.
May 1999 6-6 Chad CRP Eng 05-05.doc CHADRESETTLEMENT AND COMPENSATIONPLAN ENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENT PLAN CHADEXPORT PROJECT CHADPORTION - VOLUME3
6.8 MONITORINGRESETTLEMENT
It is expected that, with the assistance provided by the Project, individualsand households choosing any of the resettlement alternatives will make the transition successfully. Nevertheless,the transitionperiod betweenthe time a personbecomes eligible for resettlement and the time s/he is economicallyreestablished will be monitored,as explainedin Section 8.0, to evaluatethe success of the program. The final evaluationwill take place at the end of the first agriculturalcycle aftercompletion of the constructionof fixed facilities.
Traditional self-resettlementoccurs frequently in part because it is so easy to reestablish oneself. By the end of the next full agricultural season, most people find themselves in the same position as before. Some are better off. For example, if they now live closer to their fields, they spend less time walkingand can spend more time farming.
Only those who have settled in a wild area, where they must cut fields in long-termbush, take longer than one year to reestablishthemselves. Such fields requiregreat effort and are not as fertile as medium-termfallow in the first year; but by the second year, their yield is much better than any fallow. This is why local people consider resettlementin virgin bush to be the ideal form of resettlement-- for those who havethe energy and accessto such land.
There is every reason to assume that achieving economic stability in Project-related resettlementwill take no longerthan with traditionalresettlement, which is by the next growing season. Replacement compensation will provide the assistance that individuals and households may need to bring resources into production and to reestablish themselves. Resettlersmay leam the improvedagricultural techniques being taught and will have accessto agriculturecredits.
The chance is greaterthat those who choose an alternativeto resettlementwill take longer to reestablishthemselves. Some who want to earn off-farmincome will have to acquire new skills or get additionaltraining, which will take some time. Farmerstrying agriculturalintensification will readily apply some techniquesas soon as they can get the inputsand equipment,which will soon help raise yield. But other techniques need to be learned, which will take at least one agriculturalseason.
For transparency,those learning off-farmskills and those learningnew farmingtechniques will both receivethe set amountfor field compensation. This providesenough moneyto purchase replacementstaples for the first year. There is the possibilitythat newly acquiredskills will not bring in enoughto replacethe yield from lost fields. The EDR will facilitatethe choice made by people eligible for resettlement,helping them to analyze their situation, abilities, and market opportunities;however, the final choice is the individual's.
Chad CRP Eng 05-05.doc 6-7 May 1999 CHADRESETTLEMENT AND COMPENSATION PLAN ENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENT PLAN CHADPORTION - VOLUME3 CHADEXPORT PROJECT
6.9 STEPS IN COMPENSATION/RESETTLEMENTPROCESS
The compensation process involves several steps, including notification of land/resource holders,documentation of holdingsand assets,determination and agreementon compensation, preparation of contracts,compensation payments, and dealing with grievances. Further data are gathered on individualswho are eligible for resettlementor its alternatives,including their economic levels, householdand other assets (inclusive of assets not directly affected by the Project), and the household members who need to be resettled. All activities concerning compensationor resettlementwill be open and transparent. The village chief, secretary, and elders will act as witnessesto all claimsabout assetsthat will be compensated:
6.9.1 Notification
As EEPCIand/or TOTCO identifiesspecific land parcels,the village chief and village inhabitants are notified. They help identify and locate the property users. The user is informedthrough both a formal notification in writing and, as many people are illiterate, by verbal notification delivered in the presence of the village chief or his representative. In addition, the canton chiefs, village chiefs, earth priests,other elders and individualswho controlsacred sites, fishing areas,wild trees, or beehivesaccompany the surveyteams to identifysensitive areas.
Decisionsabout schedulingProject activities and need for land will take into accountthe critical dates in the seasonalwork calendar. In implementingthe Plan, the EDR will make every effort to notify individuals and villages of Project activities and land needs in the most expeditious mannerpossible.
* In any construction project,changes are madeto schedules. The precise locationof wells will be known only over time, as existingwell performanceis assessed. Decisionson where to drill may come afterthe ideal time for notificationhas passed. * Compensation and resettlement activities provide for late notification. Individuals and households can elect a combination of cash to pay workers and buy materials, and materials (to replacewhat there was no time to make). * The recipient will always receive the compensationregardless of when s/he ceasesto use an improvement.
6.9.2 Documentationof Holdingsand Assets
Village officials and the EDR arrange meetingswith affected individualsand/or householdsto discuss the compensationprocess. For each individual or household,the EDR completes a compensationdossier containingnecessary personal information on:
* The affected party and those that s/he claims as householdmembers,
May 1999 6-8 Chad CRP Eng05-05.doc CHADRESETTLEMENT AND COMPENSATIONPLAN ENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENT PLAN CHADEXPORT PROJECT CHADPORTION - VOLUME3
* Total land holdings,
* Inventory of assets affected, and
* Information for monitoring their future situation.
This information is confirmed and witnessed by village officials. Dossiers will be kept current and will include documentation of all lands surrendered. This is necessary because it is possible that an individual will surrender several parcels of land over time and will eventually become eligible for resettlement. All claims and all assets will be documented in writing.
6.9.3 Agreement on Compensation and Preparation of Contracts
All types of compensation are clearly explained to the individual or household. The EDR draws up a contract listing all property and fields being surrendered, and the types of compensation (cash and/or in-kind) selected. A person selecting in-kind compensation has an order form which is signed and witnessed. The compensation contract is read aloud in the presence of the affected party and the village chief, secretary, and village inhabitants prior to signing.
6.9.4 Compensation Payments
All compensation payments are made in the presence of the affected party and the village chief and elders.
6.9.5 Grievance Procedure
The process of land identification requires a series of visits and offers numerous opportunities for individuals to pose their grievances over field measurements or ownership, trees to be affected, sacred sites, etc. It also allows for the individual data survey team and the field survey team to rectify any mistakes. After the contract has been read aloud, the EDR also informs the affected individual/household about the post-contract grievance procedures and time limits for claims to be asserted.
6.9.6 Compensation of Chiefs, Secretaries, and Elders
A key commitment of this Plan is that notification, meetings with individuals, agreements, and signing of contracts, and payments associated with compensation and resettlement shall occur in the presence of and/or with the assistance of the village chief, village secretary, village elders, and other officials as warranted. As holders of official positions these personages will be carrying out the obligations inherent in their office -- bearing witness to contracts, providing information about already existing rights and obligations of those they administer, acting in dispute settlement, etc. It is neither the place nor the right of the Project, nor legal under provisions of the Foreign Corrupt Policies Act for the Project to pay officials for performing their official duties. The Project recognizes, however, that with these additional activities, officials
Chad CRP Eng05-05.doc 6-9 May1999 CHADRESETTLEMENT AND COMPENSATIONPLAN ENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENT PLAN CHADPORTION - VOLUME3 CHADEXPORT PROJECT may have to neglect personal tasks in order to fulfill all their official commitments. To compensatefor the loss of personaltime that could be spent on daily tasks, for each day a chief or notable spends with the EDR on compensationand resettlementactivities, the Project will provide him with sufficient funds to hire anotherto carry out personaltasks in his stead. The daily cost of agriculturalwage labor and of otherspecialists are widely known,but vary with the number of hours worked or with the task accomplished. Thereforethe Projectwill pay 2500 cfa to cover the maximumlikely cost per day.
May 1999 6-10 Chad CRP Eng 05-05.doc CHAD RESETTLEMENTAND COMPENSATION PLAN ENaVIROINIVEN-41-11ANAGE1,aENA.ESPLA AlITAN CHADEXPORTPROJECT CHAD PORTION - VOLUME 3
Table 6-1 Timing of Compensation and Resettlement Activities
Start/I Activity End EEPCIand/or TOTCO Commitment T Individual/CommunityCommitment IndividualCompensation Start . Beginningof land acquisition . At notification End . One full growingseason after fixedfacilities completion a Per contract;maximum one full growingseason ICommunityCompensation Start . First notificationof land need * At notification End . One year afterfixed facilitiescompletion * 2 years from start of project activities in community Resettlement Start . First notificationof land need . At notification. Fieldsand structures. Abandon when needed. End . One full growingseason after fixed facilitiescompletion . Resettleby April if possible. If projectschedule does not allow timely notification, additional support provided. Off-Farm Tuition Start . First notificationof land need . At notification End . One full growingseason after fixedfacilities completion . Within one year of notification Credit Start . First notificationof land need . Within one year of notification End . When final studentgraduates. No morethan one year . Credit reimbursableup to one year after fixed after start of course facilities completionor one year after training end, whicheveris later ImprovedAgriculture Training Start * Beginningof land acquisitionor before . When trainingbegins End . One full agricultural season after fixed facilities. One full agriculturalseason after fixed facilities completion constructioncomplete Credits Start . First notificationof land need . When trainingbegins End . One full agricultural season after fixed facilities. Credit reimbursableup to one full agricultural completion season after fixed facilities construction completion Grievances Compensation/ResettlementStart . Beginningof land acquisition * At notification End . One full agriculturalseason after last notificationgiven . One full growingseason after notification Damages Start . Beginningof construction a When damagesoccur End . While damagesstill visible . While damagesstill visible
ChadCRP Eng 05-05.doc 6-11 May 1999 Figure 6-1: Compensation Process
| Identify type of land tenure l Section4.2
National Domain Privately owned Section4.2.1 Paycompensation as per Section4.2.2
L ~~~~Yes No N o seA \ ser? / \rigIhts \farmer?,ln \/ Xs~~ ~ ~~~er? twer
NO Yes Yes Yes Payment of Pay compensation Owner responsible village compensation for investments for payment Section7.0 Section5.0 to tenant
Agreement Yes Does individual remain complete i economically viable? AppendixB
No Note: It is estimated that over 99 percent Select resettlement/ of all compensation paid will be resettlement alternative to customary rights users. Section6.0
97-4925-004 CHADRESETTLEMENT AND COMPENSATION PLAN ENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENT PLAN CHADEXPORTPROJECT CHADPORTION - VOLUME3
7.0 COMMUNITY COMPENSATION
7.1 INTRODUCTION
The Projectwill pay in-kind communitycompensation for two types of impactson communities. First, compensationwill be paid as a result of permanentProject land needs which will decrease the overall amount of communityfarmland and shared bush resources. Bush is valuable both for its resourcesand its potentialas farmland. In the second case compensationwill be paid to communitiesexperiencing changes as a result of resettlementof some communitymembers. The purpose of this community compensation is to offset the loss or gain of people in communities with assets that add to the quality of life in the community. The process for communitycompensation was initiatedin December1998 with the collectionof baselinedata on village populationand infrastructureinformation.
This Section explains how communitiesbecome eligiblefor village-levelcompensation related to permanentloss of land and/or changes in the communityas a result of resettlement. The Section also explainsthe processby which a communitywill be involvedin selectingthe type of compensation. The communityas a whole will consideroptions for village-levelcompensation, which will be discussedwith the EDR as part of the negotiationprocess. This approachfollows the traditionalmanner of reachingcommunity consensus.
7.2 RESOURCESFOR WHICH COMPENSATIONWILL BE PAID
7.2.1 PermanentLoss of CommunalLand
Project land needs will impact communitybush resources and decreasethe communal land pool. Bush is a vital economicresource for the communitybecause it providesuseful wild trees and bushes, food and medicinalresources, construction materials, and a reservoir of potential farmland. An individual religious figure exercises control of these lands on behalf of the community. Communitycompensation will be providedto villages experiencingpermanent loss of bush resources.
Individual compensationcovers the loss to individualsin field and labor crops. Community compensationaddresses the loss to the communityof the right to use the land. A village,which has lost agriculturalor bush land, will receive one-timecommunity compensation for permanent loss of customaryrights to use land.
7.2.2 Impacts on Community Social and Economic Structure
Villages may be affected not only by the loss of rights to the land but also by the loss of taxes, economic and social contributionsmade to the communityby memberswho leave to resettle.
ChadCRP Eng05-05.doc 7-1 May 1999 CHAD RESETTLEMENT AND COMPENSATION PLAN ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN CHADPORTION - VOLUME3 CHAD XPORT PROJECT
To avoid tensions and to compensate for the loss of productive citizens, villages losing a significant number of people (Ž10 percent) will receive community compensation.
Host communities receiving settlers will gain the benefits of additional taxes and the economic and social contributions of new community members, but they will also experience increased pressure on the existing village infrastructure and resources, including bush and farmland. To relieve pressure on their infrastructure and avoid possible tensions, host communities will receive community compensation if they have a significant increase (Ž10 percent) in their population.
7.3 COMMUNITYCOMPENSATION TO ALWAYS BE IN-KIND
Community compensation will be an in-kind project for a village as a whole. In public consultation meetings carried out during the EA investigation, villages discussed the community improvements that most interested them. These suggestions, plus input from local organizations, are the basis for the list of possible community improvements. Examples of community compensation include:
* School building,
* Well or pump,
* Market place,
* Road,ora
* Storage warehouse.
Each community can select one of these possible compensations. If a village makes another suggestion that would meet an outstanding need, that suggestion will be considered as well. Attempts will be made to avoid duplicating infrastructure development efforts that other organizations are carrying out in the same area.
7.4 ELIGIBILITY FOR VILLAGE-LEVELCOMPENSATION
7.4.1 Loss of Communal Land
Villages permanently losing land in the OFDA for construction of fixed facilities sites and/or inconvenienced by temporary construction land loss of more than one growing season will be eligible for a community compensation.
7.4.2 Community Social and Economic Structure
Once the EDR has determined an individual's or household's eligibility for resettlement, he will track and record from where and to where an eligible party decides to move. He will also
May 1999 7-2 Chad CRP Eng 05-05.doc CHADRESETTLEMENT AND COMPENSAT7ONPLAN ENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENT PLAN CHADEXPORTPROJECT CHADPORTION- VOLUME3 determine permanent loss of rights in the use of farmland or bush by communities. At the point at which a significant portion of the population (approximately 10 percent of the 1993 census population) has left a village because of Project resettlement or if a village will permanently lose use of farmland or bush, the EDR will consult with the village to assess what impacts have occurred and begin discussions of village compensation. The 10-percent figure is used because it is transparent and reflects a meaningful impact.
The EDR will also record where people resettle. When he notes that a village has received a significant number of resettlers (approximately 10 percent), he will begin consultations with the host village on community compensation. Villages that offer a tract of land for resettlers, which would accommodate the 10 percent threshold level for compensation can start the process once the customary transfer of land has occurred.
7.4.3 Village Compensation at the Canton Level
Cantons that are impacted by the pipeline will lose access to land in the easement until construction is over and the restored land is returned to the communities. Each canton that is not already eligible for community compensation, in the context of village population changes or permanent land loss, will also receive village-level compensation, to be decided upon by the canton chief in consultation with his village chiefs.
7.4.4 Village Compensation at the Sub-Prefecture Level
In addition to those villages directly eligible for compensation as described above, each sub- prefecture will be provided with a village compensation in proportion to the number of impacted cantons within that sub-prefecture. The sub-prefect will consult with his canton chiefs, and through the canton chiefs with the village chiefs to decide on an improvement in that sub- prefecture and its cantons. Moreover, one additional village compensation would be provided at the Logone Oriental Prefecture level. The prefecture and sub-prefects will decide on a village and type of compensation that would best address Project impacts within the Prefecture.
ChadCRP Eng05-05.doc 7-3 May 1999 CHAD RESETTLEMENTAND COMPENSATIONPLAN ENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENT PLAN CHADPOR77ON - VOLUME3 CHADEXPORT PROJECT
7.5 COMMUNITYPARTICIPATION IN DETERMININGCOMPENSATION 7
Communitiesreceiving compensationwill use the traditionalprocess of group discussion and debate to decide on the type of improvementthat the community wants and is capable of maintainingover time and that meets the needs of the most numberof people.
The communitycompensation process will provide an opportunitynot only for improvementof village infrastructure,but for communitydevelopment. In the courseof deciding on one kind of infrastructureversus another,the communitywill haveto evaluate its needs, evaluatethe costs of maintenance,assess its capability to sustain one kind of investment over another, and operationalize the upkeep of the new community improvement. The EDR will facilitate the buildingof the chosencommunity structure and promotethe developmentprocess by which this occurs. The EDR will leverage the experience of other organizations to achieve this infrastructurebuilding and communitydevelopment.
When the constructionis complete,community leaders and EEPCI and/or TOTCO will hold a ceremonyto formally turn over any new facilities to the community. EEPCI and/or TOTCO will not be responsiblefor the maintenanceof any communityimprovement.
When the broader community is affected, this community will decide on the kind of compensationneeded. Various impacts at the canton level are best describedby the village chiefs located throughout the canton. They will meet with the canton chief to evaluate where village compensationcan have the most positive impact. The canton chiefs will put their observationstogether with the sub-prefect's understandingof systemic impacts to reach a decision on where best to locate improvementsat the canton and sub-prefecturelevels. The prefect and sub-prefectswill also provide input to a village to receive an improvementat the prefecturelevel.
When consensus has been reached in a community,the administrativehead will advise the EDR, who will attend a meeting of the communityto discussthe compensationand agree on its implementation.
7 The communitycompensation program discussedhere is separate from the EEPCI and/or TOTCO corporate donations programin which schools, wells, and other public infrastructureimprovements have been donated to communities. EEPCIand/or TOTCO may also donatewells, roads,and other infrastructureimprovements to local communitieswhen they are no longer needed for Projectconstruction and/or operations. For, example, EEPCI and/or TOTCO may choose to abandon wells from time-to-time. If appropriate,EEPCI and/or TOTCO will donate these water wells to local village committeeswho agree to assumethe responsibilityfor the wells. As part of the transfer, EEPCI and/or TOTCO would provide one set of essential spare parts, furmish information on the maintenanceprocess; and conductorientation training.
May 1999 7-4 ChadCRP Eng05-05.doc CHADRESETTLEMENTAND COMPENSATION PLAN ENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENT PLAN CHADEXPORT PROJECT CHADPORTION - VOLUME3
If, at any level, consensus cannot be reached after a reasonable length of time, the EDR will arrange for a joint meeting of all the communities involved to reach resolution. Communities will forfeit their right to the compensation if they fail to reach agreement within two years following the start of construction activities within the geographical boundaries of the administrative unit.
EEPCI is reviewing the possibility of working with local NGOs who will assist the communities in the OFDA to decide on the type of infrastructure required by the community. The NGOs will also assist the communities with evaluating the costs of maintenance and in assessing their capability to maintain this asset over time. Discussions regarding local NGO participation are underway.
7.6 REUSE OF TEMPORARILY USED LANDS
EEPCI and/or TOTCO will, when appropriate, reclaim for productive use, lands needed only during the construction period. Once the lands are reclaimed, the EDR will make them available to the community originally using the land, recognizing that the community as a whole, has rights to the land use. It will be made clear, both in public consultation and when the lands are returned, what restrictions will apply to the land use.
Chad CRP Eng 05-05.doc 7-5 May 1999 THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLYLEFT BLANK CHADRESETTLEMENT AND COMPENSATIONPLAN ENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENT PLAN CHAD EXPORTPROJECT CHADPORTION - VOLUME3
8.0 IMPLEMENTATION, MONITORING, AND EVALUATION
8.1 INTRODUCTION
This Section outlines additional activities completed prior to the Plan's implementation, organizationalresponsibilities, and monitoring. As set forth in this Plan, selected indicatorswill be monitored to assess if changes are necessary to provide for fair compensation and resettlement. If monitoringorganizations advise Plan modifications,a change management process will be implemented. The purpose of the change will be to realize the basic shared goals and principlesexplained in Section1.0.
8.2 ACTIVITIESLEADING TO COMPENSATIONAND RESETTLEMENT
A number of activitieswere carried out beforecompensation and resettlementbegan.
8.2.1 Public Consultation Program
EEPCIand/or TOTCO initiateda formal PublicConsultation Program beginning in early 1998in LogoneOriental and other key locationsin Chadto provideinformation on:
* Objectivesand plans of the oil developmentproject, * Activitiesthat will occur in LogoneOriental, * Hiring and businessopportunities, * Land needs and compensation,and * Environmentalimpacts.
Suggestionsmade by the local populace,local governmentofficials, and other stakeholders form the basisof the presentPlan. They understoodthat these issuesrequired negotiation and agreementby many parties. Once the Plan became available,they were able to makefurther comments and suggestions,mainly on the compensationrate for bananatrees and upgrading replacement housing. Consultation with the villages affected by the Project has been continuous, as public understanding will facilitate smooth implementation of all the compensationprocesses.
An extensive consultation and public review program was instituted to gain proper understandingof the natureand extent of social and environmentalimpacts that may result from development of the Project, to seek inputs from the affected public, and to educate and reconcile misconceptionsabout the Project. Consultationwas initiatedat the inceptionof the Project in 1993 and has continuedfor six years in all areasaffected by the Project.
ChadCRP Eng 05-05.doc 8-1 May1999 CHADRESETTLEMENT AND COMPENSATIONPLAN ENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENT PLAN CHADPORTION -VOLUME 3 CHAD EXPORTPROJECT
Public consultation and interactionwas conducted before and. during the preparation of the Environmental Assessment (EA), environmentalmanagement and mitigation planning, and monitoringplanning. Coordinationand consultationwith affected governmentagencies, non- governmentalorganizations (NGOs), communities,and individualshas helped identify potential impacts and provided input for project design adjustments. Extensive consultationto locate sacred sites, crop or hunting areas, and other culturallyimportant sites, has taken place. As a result, measuresto avoid, reduce,or compensatefor these impactshave been incorporatedinto overallproject designand, specificdesign modifications were made, i.e., size of oil well sites
The consultationprocess for the Chad Export Projectis viewed as a long-termundertaking that will be in place for the life of the Project. Since Projectinception, multiple consultationmethods have been used to accommodatethe cultural and geographicaldiversity of the Project area. Where necessary,the processwas adjustedto fit local circumstances. Consultationhas been ongoing,has continuedbeyond public review of the environmentaldocuments, and will continue as the Project becomesoperational.
8.2.2 Training and CulturalAwareness Program
This program will be run by EEPCI and/orTOTCO for two target audiences:on-site expatriate constructionand operationspersonnel and local villages.
8.2.3 ImprovedAgriculture Techniques
It should be noted that by 31 January 1999,no individualsaffected by the Project have chosen this program. They have not chosen this option as an alternative to resettlement for the followingreasons:
* At first, affectedindividuals thought that improvedagricultural techniques would be in lieu of individualcompensation * Affected individualswould generallyprefer to be resettledas they would rather not deal with possiblenuisances generated by the oil industry * If they select an alternativeto resettlement,they still run the risk of being resettled in the future becauseof the wellsite land acquisitionrequirements * They do not trust agriculturalmethods that have been developedby outside organizations and which havenot been proven in their region.
As a result of the above mentionedissues, EEPCI plans to implementan "improvedagriculture techniques" program targeted at all affected individuals impacted by the land acquisition process. EEPCI is in discussionswith local NGOsthat have expertisein this area to establisha scope of work along with a timetable for deliverablesand associatedcosts. The scope of work may include the training of farmers on the use, maintenanceand managementof agricultural
May 1999 8-2 Chad CRP Eng 05-05.doc CHADRESETTLEMENTAND COMPENSATION PLAN ENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENT PLAN CHAD EXPORTPROJECT CHADPORTION - VOLUME3 equipment like plows and carts, as these were two of the items available for in-kind compensation. Other issues which may also be included in the scope of work is the developmentof farmers' associations,transportation of goods, transportationof fertilizers like manure,and so forth. Once this programis betterdefined, an agreementwill be made with an implementingorganization.
8.2.4 Activitiesin the Oil Field DevelopmentArea
The following studieshave been completedor are underway.
Completed:
* Identificationof land users in locationswhere facilitiesare to be sited. * Assignmentof GPS coordinatesto sacredsites so that final layout and design can avoid as many sites as possible. Negotiationson removal and compensationfor any sites that cannot be avoided.
Underway:
* Administrationof individualquestionnaires for monitoringin controlvillages. * Inventoryof communityinfrastructure in villagesaffected by the Project. * To be completed: * Archaeologicalsurvey
8.2.5 Land EasementVCenterlineSurvey
The final pipelinealignment and land easementwere determinedduring the centerlinesurvey in 1998. GPS coordinateswere recorded during the survey and reroutingswere made around sacredsites. The final routewill avoid sociologicallyand archaeologicallyimportant sites, where technicallyand economicallypossible.
8.3 ORGANIZATIONALROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES
Implementationand financingof compensationand resettlementis the responsibilityof EEPCI and/or TOTCO. EEPCI and/or TOTCO is the overall manager and has and will continue to contract with other organizationsto implementparts of the Plan because of the organization's expertise. For intemal purposesEEPCI and/or TOTCO will monitoractivities and implementa changemanagement process. The Governmentof Chad,World Bank, and Compensationand Resettlement Monitors (see below) will also monitor the compensation and resettlement process.
Chad CRP Eng05-05.doc 8-3 May 1999 CHADRESETTLEMENT AND COMPENSAT7ONPLAN ENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENT PLAN CHADPORTION--VOLUME3 CHADEXPORTPROJECT
8.3.1 EEPCI and/or TOTCO
8.3.1.1 EEPCI andlorTOTCO Designated Representative (EDR)
EEPCI has designated representative responsible for coordinating compensation and resettlement. The EEPCI Designated Representative is responsible for the overall management of activities such as:
* Working with village officials to determine who will be affected,
* Gathering data on individuals, household membership, and total land holdings and preparing an inventory of improvements,
* Preparing compensation contracts,
* Arranging for in-kind compensation (calculating needed quantities, purchasing and delivering items),
* Transporting goods, services, and people,
* Scheduling and paying cash compensation at selected intervals,
* Identifying individuals and households eligible for resettlement,
* Facilitating the choice between resettlement and resettlement altematives,
* Supervising the off-farm income option,
* Tracking individual and group resettlement in order to determine villages that are eligible for village-level compensation,
* Implementing community compensation,
* Monitoring the status of people eligible for resettlement and periodically evaluating and reporting on their standard of living, and
* Cooperating with the government and C&RP monitors evaluating compensation and resettlement.
The EDR will also arrange for village labor-intensive employment opportunities emphasizing assistance in construction, field preparation, and moving for those who are resettling. These opportunities are described in more detail in Appendix D.
8.3.1.2 EEPCI and TOTCO Agents
EEPCI and TOTCO have tendered contracts with local organizations experienced in resettlement or resettlement options. Some of these organizations are currently involved in refugee resettlement programs under the auspices of the United Nations High Commission on Refugees.
May1999 8-4 ChadCRP Eng 05-05.doc CHADRESE1TLEMENT AND COMPENSATIONPLAN ENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENT PLAN CHADEXPORT PROJECT CHADPORTION - VOLUME3
8.3.2 National Committee for TechnicalMonitoring and Supervision(CTNSC)
This committee oversees EEPCI and/or TOTCO and Chad Export Project activities and provides the day-to-day interfaceon Project-relatedtechnical and social matters,including the Compensationand ResettlementPlan. Its membersinclude representativesfrom the following ministriesinvolved with the Project:
* General Secretariatof the Government * Ministry of Agriculture * Ministry of Primaryand SecondaryEducation and Literacy * Ministry of Communications * Ministryof Environmentand Water Resources * Ministry of PublicWorks, Transportation, Housing, and Urbanism • Ministryof Health * Ministryof Interior,Security, and Decentralization * Ministryof Justice * Ministryof Mines,Energy, and Petroleum * Ministryof SocialAction and the Family
8.4 MONITORINGCOMPENSATION AND RESETTLEMENT
EEPCI and/or TOTCO has selected certainmilestones in Project implementationas important dates for monitoringto be done.
8.4.1 EDR Milestones
The EDR will collect informationneeded to monitorcompensation and resettlementthat will be evaluated at certain critical dates and milestones in Project activity. In May, after most resettlerswill havetransferred, and a month or morebefore the rainy season compelspeople to plant or to seek shelter,the EDR will evaluatethe statusof all contractsand decide on actions to carry out. The EDR will then submit a written report to EEPCI and/orTOTCO on verifiable indicators,plus disbursements.
8.4.2 Compensationand ResettlementProgram Monitoring Group
EEPCI and/or TOTCO will provide for a Compensationand ResettlementProgram group to monitorthe Plan'sprogress at two importantmilestones:
Chad CRP Eng 05-05.doc 8-5 May 1999 CHAD RESETTLEMENT AND COMPENSATION PLAN ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN CHADPORTION -- VOLUME3 CHAD EXPORTPROJECT
* Completionof the pipelineTransportation System; * End of the agriculturalyear followingcompletion of the fixed-facilitiesconstruction.
This group will consistof representativesfrom:
* CTNSC, * A representativeof a non-governmentalorganization (NGO), * World Bank, * EEPCIand/or TOTCO, and a * Senior Sociologist.
8.4.3 Governmentof Chad Monitoring
. National Committee for Technical Monitoring and Supervision (CTNSC): EEPCIand/or TOTCO works closelywith this committee. * Expert Panel: Three international experts hired by the Government of Chad provide independentadvice on Projectenvironmental effects. They have reviewedthe EA and will reviewthe EnvironmentalManagement Plan (EMP)and this Plan.
8.4.4 World Bank Monitoring
FollowingWorld Bank procedures,the EnvironmentalGroup, Africa Region,will review the Plan to ensure that it conforms with World Bank OperationalDirective 4.30. The Bank will also monitor implementationof the EMP and this Plan. In addition,the World Bank will conduct supervision missions at least once a year (3-4 times a year if difficulties exist) during implementationof any Bank project. The World Bankestablishes its own supervisionschedule. Table 8-1 summarizesmonitoring requirements for any World Bank-fundedProject.
8.5 SOCIOECONOMICMONITORING PARAMETERS
This Plan sets two major socioeconomicgoals by which to evaluateits success:
* Affected individuals, households, and communities are able maintain their pre-Project standardof living, and even improveit; and * The local populationremains supportive of the Project. * Women'sparticipation in the Compensationand ResettlementProcess.
In order to assess whetherthese goals are met,this Plan:
May 1999 8-6 Chad CRP Eng 05-05.doc CHAD RESETTLEMENT AND COMPENSATION PLAN ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN CHADEXPORT PROJECT CHADPORTION - VOLUME3
* Indicatesparameters to be monitored, * Institutesmonitoring milestones, and * Providesresources necessary to carry out the monitoringactivities.
8.5.1 VerifiableIndicators and Timelines:
Certain parameters,or verifiable indicators,will be used to measure the Plan's performance. This is possiblebecause:
* Data collectedfor the Environmental Assessment establishedthe ex ante socio-economic situation. * Questionnairedata will be enteredinto a databasefor comparativeanalysis. * Each individualwill have a compensationdossier recordinghis or her initial situation, all subsequentProject use of assets/improvements,and compensationagreed upon and paid. * The project will maintaina completedatabase on every individualimpacted by the Project land use requirementsincluding relocation/resettlement, land impactsor damages * Percentage of individuals selecting cash or a combination of cash and in-kind compensation. * Variablesinfluencing selection of in-kindcompensation (size of compensation)payment, the types of in-kindcompensation. * Proposeduse of payments. * The overallfairness of the plan will be assessedby monitoring * The numberof contentioncases out of the total cases. * The qualitativeanalysis of disputes(minor or difficultto manage). * The numberof grievancesand time and qualityof resolution. * The monitoringof PermanentLand Use Impactswill include: - Ability of individualsand families to reestablishfields and crops or other alternative incomes. - Agriculturalproductivity of new landsacquired. - Numberof impactedlocals in the workforce. - Seasonalor inter-annualfluctuation on key foodstuffs. - Generalrelations between EEPCI and/or TOTCO andthe local population. - The EDR will do regularmonitoring of the OFDAand pipelineeasement.
ChadCRP Eng05-05.doc 8-7 May 1999 CHADRESETTLEMENT AND COMPENSATIONPLAN ENVRONMENTALMANAGEMENT PLAN CHADPORTION--VOLUME3 CHADEXPORT PROJECT
- The Monitoring Group will do a general review of the OFDA and the pipeline easement within one year of compensation being paid and within 1 year of the resettlement process being initiated.
The EDR will provide data for review purposes to the Monitoring Group.
Performance indicators will be used to monitor and evaluate the Plan's implementation:
VERIFIABLEINDICATORS Monitoring Evaluation Outstandingcompensation or resettlement Outstandingindividual compensation or contractsnot completedbefore next agricultural resettlementcontracts. season. Communitiesunable to set village-level Outstandingvillage compensation contracts. compensationafter two years. Grievancesrecognized as legitimateout of all All legitimategrievances rectified. complaints lodged. - Pre-Projectproduction and income(year before Affectedindividuals and/or households land used)versus presentproduction and income compensatedor resettledin first year who have of resettlers,off-farm-income trainees, and users of maintainedtheir previousstandard of livingat final improvedagricultural techniques. evaluation. Pre-Projectproduction versus present production Equalor improvedproduction per household. (cropfor crop,field for field).
8.6 RECORD-KEEPING REQUIREMENTS
Financial records will be maintained by the EDR to permit calculation of the final cost of resettlement per individual or household. Each individual receiving compensation in the OFDA will have a dossier containing:
* Individual biographical information,
* Number of people s/he claims as household dependents,
* Amount of land available to the individual or household when the dossier is opened,
Additional information will be acquired for individuals eligible for resettlement:
* Level of income and of production,
* Inventory of material assets and improvements in land, and
* Debts.
May 1999 8-8 Chad CRP Eng 05-05.doc CHADRESETTLEMENT AND COMPENSATION PLAN ENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENT PLAN CHADEXPORT PROJECT tCHADPORTION - VOLUME3
Each time another piece of land is usedfor the Project,the dossierwill be updatedto determine if the individualor householdis being movedto the point of economicnon-viability and eligibility for resettlementor its alternatives. These dossiers will provide the foundationfor monitoring and evaluation,as well as documentationof compensationagreed to, received,and signedfor.
A separate village-level compensation dossier for each community in which people are compensatedwill track Projectuse in the community. From this the EDR can determinewhen a communityis eligiblefor village-levelcompensation. To implementcommunity compensation in home and host villages,the EDR will also recordthe initial size of homeor host villages. He will also note if resettlers'farm hamletswill need wells or roads and arrangefor these.
8.7 CHANGEMANAGEMENT PROCESS
8.7.1 Introduction
It is normal that some compensationprocedures and rates may require revision at some time during the program. EEPCIand/or TOTCO and the EDR will implementany changesthrough their Change ManagementProcess. The Change ManagementProcess involves feedback from:
* Indicatorsmonitored by the EDR to determinewhether goals are beingmet, and * A grievance procedure for the local population to express dissatisfaction about implementationof compensationand resettlement.
Feedbackwill be collectedin the following manner:
Chad CRP Eng 05-05.doc 8-9 May 1999 CHADRESETTLEMENT AND COMPENSATIONPLAN ENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENT PLAN CHADPORTION -VOLUME 3 CHADEXPORT PROJECT
REVISIONOF PROCEDURES Source Response Feedbackthrough the Reviewand changein responseto specificwriiten and verbal grievanceprocedure grievances. Feedbackthrough informal The EDR's continuouspresence in the areawill providemany discussions,gossip, and opportunitiesto listento any and all discussionsrelated to the village meetings population'sreactions to compensationand resettlement. Feedbackthrough formal The EDRwill meet periodicallywith villageand cantonchiefs to meetings discusshow activitiesare proceedingand note any complaintsmade in these meetingsand encounters. Monitoringof inflation in the The EDRwill periodicallymonitor local inflation in the cost of goods costof goods and services and servicesin orderto keep compensationrates in line with local prices. Suggestionsfrom monitoring The EDR reportstwice yearly on his activities. The independent organizations monitorswill carry out a "mid-termevaluation" after the Operations Centeris complete. The World Bankdoes supervision. The CTNSC will monitoras the Govemmentof Chadfeels appropriate.
8.7.2 Grievance Procedures for Compensation and Resettlement
The primary channel through which people can state grievances concerning non-fulfillment of contracts, levels of compensation, or seizure of assets without compensation, will be the EDR. At the time a compensation contract is signed, affected individuals will be informed of the process for expressing dissatisfaction and seeking redress. The grievance procedure is flexible and open to various proofs because many people are illiterate. All complaints can be addressed to the EDR either in writing or in person (if the individual is accompanied by the village chief or village secretary as a witness to the individual's claim).
In the local cultures it takes people time to decide that they are aggrieved and want to complain. Therefore the grievance procedures give people up to the end of the next fuli agricultural cycle after surrendering assets to set forth their case.
It is common in this area for people to reach agreement and then later for one party to question whether s/he has been treated fairly. To minimize the feeling of unfair treatment, transparency has been built into the compensation and resettlement process so that people can see that everyone has been treated fairly. If s/he can calculate his or her own compensation, s/he will be more likely to recognize the process as fair. Legally, since compensation is paid only after agreement, the value of the settlement cannot be appealed. It would be unrealistic to expect, however, that local people will not register grievances about compensation. Therefore, such claims will also be evaluated.
May 1999 8-10 Chad CRP Eng 05-05.doc CHADRESETTLEMENT AND COMPENSATIONPLAN ENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENT PLAN CHADEXPORTPROJECT CHADPORT7ON - VOLUME3
All attemptswill be madeto settle grievances. The EDR will consult with the village chief and elders and other recordsto determinea claim's validity. If valid, appropriatecompensation will be paid. If the EDR cannot reach an agreement,the matter will go to the canton chief for resolution. If agreementhas not been reachedwithin a full growingseason after the complaint is lodged, any outstandingcompensation will be providedaccording to this Plan's formula and the matterwill be closed.
8.7.3 GrievanceProcedures for Damages
In addition to grievances about compensation,it is likely there will be complaints about damages, for example, if a backhoe inadvertentlyruns over someone's crop in a field not markedfor Projectuse. In these casesthe complaintshould be registeredwith the village chief and EDR while the damageis still visible.
8.7.4 ImplementingChanges in Compensationand Resettlement
If a complaint pattern emerges,the local EEPCI and/or TOTCO representativeand EDR will discuss possible remediations. They may also seek meetingswith appropriate local officials and canton chiefs to request advice concerningthe need for revisionsto procedures. Once EEPCI and/orTOTCO and cantonchiefs agree on necessaryand appropriatechanges, then a written descriptionof the changedprocess will be made. EEPCIand/or TOTCO and the chiefs will be responsiblefor communicatingany changesto the population.
EEPCIand/or TOTCO will use the same procedurefor implementingchanges agreed upon with monitoringorganizations such as CTNSC,the World Bank, and independentmonitors.
8.8 MAKINGRECLAIMED LANDS AVAILABLE TO COMMUNITIES
Lands used for constructionand drilling will be reclaimed using mechanismssuch as topsoil conservation,surface texturing,scarifications, or active revegetation. Once reclaimed, EEPCI and/orTOTCO will announcevia the village chiefwhen a piece of land is readyto be reused by the local communitythat had customaryrights over it. In caseswhere a pipelineis buried, there will be some restrictionson howthe land can be used. For example:
* Only crops that do not interferewith the normal operationand maintenanceof the pipeline can be grown. * No buildingscan be constructedover buriedpipelines. * EEPCI and/or TOTCO may need future access to reclaimed land made available for communityuse. * Burials
Chad CRP Eng 05-05.doc 8-11 May 1999 CHADRESETTLEMENT AND COMPENSAT7ONPLAN ENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENT PLAN CHAD PORTION -'VOLUME 3 CHAD EXPORTPROJECT
8.9 FINALEVALUATION
8.9.1 Compensationand ResettlementPlan Monitors
C & RP monitors will evaluate the Plan at the end of the first agricultural cycle after the constructionof the fixed facilities has been completed. If the C & RP monitors find that an unacceptablenumber of householdshave been unable to maintain their former standard of living, EEPCI and/or TOTCO will identify appropriate remedial action and advise the Governmentof Chad.
8.9.2 World Bank ProjectCompletion Report
The World Bankwill completetheir final evaluationsaccording to their ownschedule.
8.9.3 EEPCIReview
As part of its reviewsystem, EEPCI and/or TOTCO will auditthe Plan.
8.10 OPERATIONS-PHASECOMPENSATION AND RESETTLEMENT
The compensation,resettlement, and monitoringdiscussed in this Plan will continue until one year after the completionof Chad Export Project'sfixed facilities. Duringthe operationsphase, EEPCI will reevaluate reservoir performanceand may, from time to time, drill new wells to optimize production. Since some land will be needed for drill pads, additional compensation and perhaps(though unlikely) resettlement will be necessary.
During the operations phase, the principles and practices of this Compensation and ResettlementPlan will be usedfor any compensationor resettlementrequired. As the limited ongoing land needs are identified, individual land holders will be identified, notified, and compensated. EEPCI and/orTOTCO, having retained all compensationrecords, will assess if an individualhas become eligible for resettlement. Agents will be retained on an as-needed basis to assist in the managementof any additional compensationand, if necessary (though highly unlikely), resettlement. EEPCI and/or TOTCO will have a representativeassigned to carry out these activities. If disputes occur, individuals may register a grievance through the end of the following agriculturalseason.
May 1999 8-12 Chad CRP Eng 05-05.doc CHADRESETTLEMENT AND COMPENSATIONPLAN ENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENT PLAN CHAD EXPORT PROJECT CHAD PORT7ON - VOLUME 3
Table 8-1 World Bank Monitoring Requirements
Operational Directive 8.70, Project Monitoring and Evaluation
The Bank "supervises" or monitors Bank projects. * Monitoring and evaluation are included in all Bank-funded projects.
* Monitoring provides continuous feedback on implementation.
* Monitoring identifies potential or actual successes and problems as early as possible.
* Interim evaluation identifies project design problems. * Final evaluation assesses project effects and sustainability.
Operational Directive 13.05, Project Supervision
When the World Bank provides financing, it supervises: * Progress in all major aspects of its project, * Significant deviations from the original project plans, * Steps taken to get project back on track, - Compliance of the borrower with legal covenants agreed with the Bank, * Management performance of those implementing the project, * Procurement progress, and * Environmental aspects.
Operational Directive 13.55, Project Completion Reports
A project completion report is prepared at the end of each project evaluating: How well the project achieved its objectives, * Factors affecting project implementation, * Project sustainability, * Bank and borrower performance, and * Assessment of outcome.
Chad CRP Eng 05-05.doc 8-13 May 1999 THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLYLEFT BLANK APPENDIXA CHADRESETTLEMENT AND COMPENSATIONPLAN ENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENT PLAN CHADEXPORT PROJECT CHADPORTION - VOLUME3
APPENDIXA GLOSSARYOF TERMS
Adult A man or woman old enoughto pay taxes, whether or not he or she actuallypays them. AffectedIndividual An individualwho suffers loss of assets or investments as a result of the Project and to whom compensationis due. For example, an affected individual is a person who farms a field, or who has built a structure,in an area neededby the Project. Affected Household The peoplewhom an affected individualdeclares ought to join him or her in resettlement.This providesfor: * vulnerable individualswho may be too old or ill to farm alongwith the others, * opposite-sexrelatives who cannot reside together because of cultural rules, but who depend on one anotherfor their daily existence, * opposite-sexrelatives who may not eat together but providehousekeeping, sexual, or productiveservices criticalto the family's maintenance,and * other vulnerable people who cannot participatefor physical or cultural reasons in production, consumption,or co-residence. In the local culture, members of production, consumption,and co-residentgroups form overlapping, often incongruent sets of people who may exchange domestic or sexual or farming services on a regular basis eventhough living separately. Resettlement will not be limited to people who live together in a co-residentgroup, since this might leave out people whose labor contributionsare critical to the functioning of the 'household." For example, many wives have separate homesteads. An opposite-sex parent and child cannot live together, due to social proscriptions,even though the child is often the parent's main support.
Chad CRP Eng 05-05.doc A-1 May 1999 CHADRESETTLEMENT AND COMPENSATIONPLAN ENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENTPLAN CHADPORTION -VOLUME 3 CHADEXPORT PROJECT
Bush Both uncultivated areas and fields once cultivated, but over which no individual retains cultivation rights. Canton A small administrative division; sub-prefectures are divided into cantons. FCFA The African Financial Community Franc, the currency of former French colonies in West and Central Africa. Cleaning Preparing a field cultivated last year for this year's crop by chopping down small trees and bushes and burning this vegetable matter once it is dry.
Clearing Preparing bush for cultivation by ringing large trees with fire or ax, chopping down small trees and bushes, and burning this vegetable matter once it is dry. Community A community is either a geographically independent group of people who reside together, or a group of people who are subject to administrative control as a village, canton, sub-prefecture, or prefecture. Community Compensation Compensation granted because the community:
- holds rights over areas/structures needed by the Project,
= must adjust to changed circumstances, either a loss of productive/taxpaying citizens because of resettlement; or a population increase due to resettlement, resulting in pressure on the community infrastructure; or
• has given up an area for a farming hamlet or new village of incoming resettlers. Corde A field is cleared in cordes, an area 71 m x 71 m. Directly Affected Canton Cantons of Bero, Kome Ndolebe, and Miandoum, where the oilfields are located, and those of Bero, Bessao, Gadjibian, Mbassay, Mont de Lam, and Timberi where the pipeline will be built. Economic Viability See Appendix B for additional information.
May 1999 A-2 ChadCRP Eng 05-05.doc CHADRESETTLEMENTAND COMPENSATION PLAN ENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENT PLAN CHADEXPORT PROJECT CHADPORTION - VOLUME3
EDR Esso DesignatedRepresentative. The agent selected by EEPCIand/or TOTCO to overseethe implementation of compensationand resettlement. EEPCI Esso Explorationand ProductionChad Inc. Fallow Fieldscultivated more than a year ago, whose cultivator has the right to reuse the area, or whose cultivator is knownto the villagechief or elders. FarmingHamlet A group of individuals/householdswho create a new settlementin bush owned by a village, or on unowned bush, but who pay taxes to a village chief in another village. Field An area in cultivation,being preparedfor cultivation,or cultivated in the last agricultural season (March- Novemberof last year). Homestead A group of housesand relatedstructures. House A buildingin which peoplelive or sleep. Household A "household"consists of the individualsdesignated by the affected party at the time the EDR first gives notice that an asset is neededby the Project. Improvements Fields,buildings or structures,and domestictrees. IndividualCompensation Compensation paid for an asset or improvement (cultivatedfield, structures in the field, protectedtrees, house, etc.) to an individualto replace a lost field or structure. IndividualEligible for Individual An adult male or female who surrenders agricultural Compensation fields they themselvesare farming, protectedtrees, or a structure to which they have primary right. The exception is a person inhabiting a structure built by someone now deceased;the inhabitantwill receive the compensationnecessary to replacethe structure.
Chad CRP Eng 05-05.doc A-3 May 1999 CHADRESETTLEMENT AND COMPENSATIONPLAN ENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENT PLAN CHADPORTION - -VOLUME3 CHADEXPORT PROJECT
Individualor HouseholdEligible Individualsand householdsare eligible for resettlement for Resettlement if, having lost fields worked this year or last, they do not have enough area from other fields, fallow [girum or bour, in the local languages],inherited land [ndouba], bush, or from relatives and friends in the same area to remaineconomically viable. Investments Fields,buildings or structures,and domestictrees. KitchenGarden Vegetables, useful and medicinal plants, sometimes tobacco, cultivated over a small surface area either inside or just outside the fence around the house. Creepingplants use the fence and roof of the house to grow. Very few gardens are any larger than 30 square meters becausethe garden surfacearea is linked to the number of people living inside the fence which is rarely more than six. When a householdexceeds six, it has a tendencyto divide in two, eachwith its own garden. Land Easement An area nominally 30 m (100 feet) in width used to accommodateaccess to the operationand construction area for equipmentneeded to installthe pipeline. Oil Field DevelopmentArea The "Three Fields" area in Cantons Bero, Kome Ndolebe,and Miandoumin LogoneOriental. Pastoralist An individualwho belongsto a social organizationbased on livestock-raisingas the primaryeconomic activity. Prefect A senior administrativeofficer who heads the largest regionaladministrative unit, the prefecture. PrimaryRights Rightscreated by buildinga structureor initially clearing and/or farming an area. If primary rights have been transferred,the village chief and memberswill testify as to who now holds these rights. Loss of primary rights as a resultof the Projectwill be compensated. Project The Chad Export Project. ProjectArea The Sub-Prefectureof Bebedjia,the cantons of Bessao, Gadjibian, Mbassay, and Mont de Lam in Baibokoum Sub-Prefecture,and Timberi in Gore Sub-Prefecture, where the Operations Center, well sites, parts of the pipeline,and upgradedroads will be located.
May 1999 A-4 Chad CRP Eng 05-05.doc CHADRESETTLEMENT AND COMPENSATIONPLAN ENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENT PLAN CHADEXPORTPROJECT CHADPORTION - VOLUME3
Relocation Building of new houses or structures, or clearing new fields within the same village because of losses to the Project. Individual compensation will be paid for buildingsor fields, but relocatingwithin the same village does not qualifyfor resettlement. Resettlement Movingfrom the villageof residenceto anothervillage or a farming hamlet because of direct Project needs for land that impacteconomic viability. ResidualRights Rightsthat can be exercisedafter the deathof the holder of primary rights. A communitythat holds rights in fields is eligiblefor communitycompensation. SecondaryRights Rights of temporaryusage granted by the person who clearedfields or builta structure. EEPCIand/or TOTCO will not compensateholders of secondaryrights. They must arrangefor compensationdirectly with the holder of primary rights. Three Fields The Kome, Bolobo,and Miandoumoilfields. Transhumants Individualswho transfertheir livestockfrom one grazing area of the country to another with the changing seasons. TOTCO Tchad Oil TransportationCompany. TransportationSystem The pipeline for the transportation of hydrocarbons. "TransportationSystem" means that portion located in the territory of the Republicof Chad. VulnerableIndividual or An individual or householdwho, for whatever reason, Household has a lower than average capacity to retain his/her standard of living during Project activities, or recover his/her former standard after being affected by the Project. World Bank A financing and development institution aimed at promotingthe economicgrowth and social welfare of its membercountries.
Chad CRP Eng 05-05.doc A-5 May 1999 THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLYLEFT BLANK APPENDIXB CHADRESETTLEMENT AND COMPENSATIONPLAN ENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENT PLAN CHADEXPORTPROJECT CHADPORTION - VOLUME3
APPENDIX B ELIGIBILITY FOR RESETTLEMENT
INTRODUCTION
The eligibility requirements for resettlement are based on the socioeconomic data gathered for this Plan. Other research provided additional information. CIRAD-CA, a branch of the International Center for Agricultural Research and Development-Annual Crops, located in Bebedjia, Logone Oriental, contributed material on land management in southern Chad. The National Office for Rural Development (ONDR) collects information on agricultural development in Chad, including the southern zone which encompasses the Project area.
CIRAD's data confirmed baseline socioeconomic findings. The data developed for this plan was more complete for fields in cultivation than the CIRAD information, but the CIRAD study on need for fallow time was more extensive. ONDR data's usefulness was limited, since most relevant data was collected in the mid-1 980s.
ECONOMIC VIABILITY AND NEED FOR RESETTLEMENT
Economic viability in the present agricultural system requires both:
* Land in production, and
* Access to additional land for replacement fields when current fields with low fertility are put to fallow.
A farmer who does not have access to enough land to cultivate and leave fallow and leave fallow is not economically viable. For purposes of this Plan, the criterion for determining economic viability has been set so that a farmer becomes eligible for resettlement when s/he has surrendered land to the Project and no longer has the minimum amount of land needed for cultivation and fallow.
Vulnerable households were looked upon as a special subset in considering economic viability. Any particular needs not covered by the definition of economic viability are covered by other provisions of the Compensation and Resettlement Plan.
Definition of Economic Viability
An individual who has access to less than 2/3 corde of land (both cultivated and fallow), for each person s/he declares as a member of his or her household, is eligible for resettlement.
ChadCRP Eng05-05.doc B-1 May 1999 CHADRESETTLEMENT AND COMPENSATION PLAN ENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENT PLAN CHADPORTION -'VOLUME 3 CHADEXPORT PROJECT
SOCIOECONOMIC DATA ANALYSIS
Data analysis looked at the answers that economically active adults gave about their farming activities in 1994 and 1995 and the amount of land at their disposal. All 581 questionnaires were analyzed by two sociologists and a bio-statistician. Data collected on 1995 farming activities were analyzed first, 1994 information second, and the results were compared. No significant variation was found in planting patterns between the two years. The analysis included:
OVERALL FARMINGCHARACTERISTICS Characteristic Findings Total land under cultivation . Table B-1 summarizestotal land undercultivation without regard to (TableB-1) householdcharacteristics. Most farmers(about 60 percent) cultivateless than five cordes. Almostall farmerscultivating more than five cordesgrow cotton. Ratio of field to fallow . There is an importantrelationship between amount of land under (TableB-2) cultivationand fallowavailable, since fallow is a criticalcomponent in the farmingsystem. . The usual ratioof fields to fallowis about 1:1, however,small farmershave far morefallow land (about 1:2.3). For every cultivatedfield the Projectmight need, most farmershave other land they can easilyput into cultivation,reducing potential Project impacts. . The more land a farmer has in cultivation(more than 7 cordes)the less fallow s/he was likelyto have (about1:0.5). Thus, these farmersdo not have enoughfallow available to them to returntheir presentfields to fallowand still continueto farm the same amountof land. Thesefarmers, who constitute18 percentof the sample,are over-exploitingtheir land. . Dependingon each plot's soil type and other peculiarities,medium- size farmers,who constitutethe majority,are barely maintainingsoil fertilityat 1:1, accordingto CIRAD. Only the smallestfarmers (16 percentof the sample)are giving fields the amountof time needed I to fully recover fertility.
LAND USE PATTERNSBASED ON HOUSEHOLDCHARACTERISTICS Characteristic Findings DifferencesBased On Type Men UsuallyCultivate More Land than Women Of Household(n=468) An importantdifference between male and female-headed .. Marriedmale, wife does households.Using the modeas a descriptivestatistic: not cultivate her ownfields . Malescultivate 4 to 6 cordes. (30 percentof sample) * Femalescultivate 2 to 3 cordes. . Marriedmale, wife FemaleFarmers Are Numerous cultivates her own fields Thoughwomen cultivate less land, it is also importantthat: (47 percent of sample) a Sixty percentof womenin the samplecultivated their own fields. . Unmarriedmales (10 . When a womanhas her ownfields, she also has primary percentof fields) responsibilityfor the daily care and feedingof her own childrenand * Unmarried female (13 otherdependents (such as orphanedrelatives) even though she percent of sample) may be farmingfewer cordesof land than many men.
May 1999 B-2 Chad CRP Eng 05-05.doc CHADRESETTLEMENT AND COMPENSATIONPLAN ENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENT PLAN CHADEXPORTPROJECT CHADPORTION- VOLUME3
LAND USE PATTERNS BASED ON HOUSEHOLD CHARACTERISTICS Characteristic Findings Ten percent of women living independently did not farm in 1995; they eamed income from other sources and/or depended on relatives for gifts of staple foods. [This will be important in determiningeconomic viability. Althoughthe criterionof 2/3 corde per person will be used to determineeligibility for resettlement,the EDR will remainopen to otherfactors affecting eligibility. It is also an importantreason for affectedindividuals, to definehousehold composition.Women dependent on othersmay not necessarilylive with those who are contributingto theirsuppoit, but may need to move at the same time as theirbenefactors do in order to retain their support.
Land Per Dependent Characteristic Findings Amount of Cultivated Land . Each individual was asked how many dependents they supported. Needed Per Dependent Past field experience has shown that men whose wives help them in the fields will report their wives as dependents. Women who farm on their own will not report their husbands as dependents. To determine the amount of cultivated land needed per person the amount of land each respondent reported as cultivating in 1995 was divided by the number of dependents plus one. . The analysis indicated: - Only five percent of farmers (all women) cultivate less than 1/3 corde per person per household. - More than two-thirds (69 percent) of farmers cultivate between 1/3 and 3/4 corde per person per household. - No men cultivate less than 1/3 corde per person per household.
NEED FOR RESETTLEMENT
Most farmers in the OFDA area support themselves and their households on 1/3 corde of cultivated land or more for each person in their household. Only five percent of households, all headed by women, are farming below this level. According to CIRAD, a 1:1 ratio of cultivated land to fallow is needed to maintain basic soil fertility, in which case about 2/3 corde of land (the sum of cultivated plus fallow land) would be needed per person per household.
As illustrated in table B-1 small farmers (cultivating less than two cordes) have a ratio of about 1:2.3 cultivated to fallow land. Most medium size farmers cultivating between 2 to 6 cordes and maintain a ratio of about 1:1. Large farmers are over-exploiting the land and have little fallow.
This information indicates a farmer with a combined total of 2/3 corde of cultivated and fallow land per household member is at least marginally viable in the present farming system.
A farmer who has access to less than 2/3 corde of land for each member of his or her household will probably need to resettle where more land is available. However, the farmer has
Chad CRP Eng 05-05.doc B-3 May 1999 CHADRESETTLEMENT AND COMPENSATIONPLAN ENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENT PLAN CHADPORTION - VOLUME3 CHAD EXPORTPROJECT two alternatives. S/he can take advantageof improvedagricultural techniques to increase the yield per 1/3 corde and reduce the need for fallow. Or the farmer can use income acquired through skills learned in the off-farm option to supplementmeager productionfrom insufficient land.
VULNERABLE HOUSEHOLDS
Vulnerable households may have different land needs from most households or needs unrelatedto the amount of land availableto them. Quantitativeinformation was collected on types of households consideredparticularly vulnerable to economic changes on the basis of field observations.
Otherprovisions of the Compensationand ResettlementPlan provide contingenciesfor some of the vulnerabilitiesshown in the following table. But as the table indicates,the hedge against povertyfor small farmers, both male and female,is the amountof fallow land at their disposition. If the Project needstoo much of their fallow land, small farmers will be without protection. The Plan's definition of economic viability therefore takes the particular vulnerability of these householdsinto accountby addressingthe amountof land farmed and in fallow.
VULNERABLEHOUSEHOLDS Typeof Household* OtherProtection EconomicViability Must Cover Unmarriedwomen Definitionof household No Fieldcompensation Non-farmingfemales Definitionof household No Elderly Definitionof household No Smallmale farmers Lotsof fallow Yes Smallfemale farmers Lotsof fallow Yes Field compensation - Thesehousehold types are not mutuallyexclusive: e.g., an elderlywoman may be an unmarried (widowed)woman and a smallfemale farmer.
Unmarriedwomen. These women may be dependenton sons, brothers,or others for support. Since an affectedindividual is able to namethe personwith whom s/he is linked in dependency as part of the household,resettlement will not sever this link.
Non-farmingfemales. Ten percent of women living independentlywere not farming at all in 1995. They earned incomefrom other sourcesand/or depended on relativesfor "exchanges"of staple foods. Since they do not farm, they will not be affected by Project need for agricultural land. If a buildingof theirs lies on land neededby the Project,they will receive replacementcost compensation. If someoneon whom they dependis resettled,they are protected becausethe resettlercan namethem as part of the household.
Elderly. Elderly people farm as long as they are able. Their economic viability does not dependon how much land they farm or how much they produce because, by producing even
May1999 B-4 Chad CRP Eng 05-05.doc CHADRESETrLEMENTAND COMPENSATION PLAN ENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENT PLAN CHADEXPORTPROJECT CHADPORTION - VOLUME3 small amounts of food to "exchange"with others, they can subsist on the cooked food and generousreturn gifts of cereal from peoplesuch as their kin and neighbors. Losing land to the Projectwill not affect their economicviability. They will have cash or in-kind replacementsto exchange. For future productionthey need access to only a small parcel of land. What would damage their economic viability is resettlementthat separates them from the person or householdon whom they dependfor their support. The definitionof householdby including dependentsavoids this.
Small male and female farmers. These farmerswho farm smaller plots tend to have a large number of dependents in comparisonwith people who farm larger amounts of land. This tendency is even more stronglymarked for the few small male and female farmers who do not cultivate cotton. All these people are in a marginal situation. The Project's criterion for economic viability, by taking into account the amount of land per person, provides for these vulnerablehouseholds.
Small female farmers are vulnerablebecause they may not have men availablewithin the householdto carry out male-specificfield preparationtasks such as ringing trees. Either male relatives in other householdshelp them voluntarily, or they hire men for cash, beer, or food. Field compensationspecifically includesthe labor costs of preparing a new field, so these women are providedfor by the Plan.
RECORDINGDATA ON ELIGIBILITY
When an individualfirst loses a piece of land, a compensationdossier will be opened and includeinformation such as the numberof peopledirectly dependenton the individual,income, and amountof land:
* At the individual'sdisposition at the time, * S/he has in cultivationat the time and the types of crops, * In cultivationlast year (significantdifferences may requirefurther inquiry),and * To which the personhas claim but is not using.
If, upon surrendering land for EEPCI use, the individual has less than 2/3 corde of land (cultivatedand fallow) per person in his or her household,that person'ssituation will be closely monitored. If the piece of land is used and returnedbefore May of the next agriculturalseason, the individualcan always farm the same piece of land again. If not, an individualwho meets the criterion can consider resettlementor one of its alternatives. Should an individualgive up one piece of land then subsequentlygive up another,the amountswill be recorded to determineif the personhas becomeeligible for resettlement.
Chad CRP Eng 05-05.doc B-5 May 1999 CHADRESETTLEMENT AND COMPENSATIONPLAN ENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENT PLAN CHADPORTION -VOLUME 3 CHADEXPORT PROJECT
Table B-1 Number of Cordes in Cultivation
NUMBEROF FARMERS CULTIVATINGN CORDES Cordes Observations From to N=476 % All Farmers Cumulative 0 1 23 4.8% 4.8% 1 2 51 10.7% 15.5% 2 3 59 12.4% 27.9% 3 4 78 16.4% 44.3% 4 5 72 15.1% 59.5% 5 6 45 9.5% 68.9% 6 7 39 8.2% 77.1% 7 8 25 5.3% 82.4% 8 9 33 6.9% 89.3% 9 10 11 2.3% 91.6% >10 40 8.4% 100.0%
Table B-2 Ratio of Fields to Fallow
RATIOOF FIELDSTO FALLOW Fields in Cultivation Ratio (Field/Fallow) 1<2 2.29 2<3 1.27 3<4 1.13 4<5 1.07 5<6 1.18 6<7 0.86 7<8 0.89 8<9 0.56 9<10 0.48 10+ 0.51
May 1999 B-6 ChadCRP Eng05-05.doc APPENDIXC CHADRESETTLEMENTAND COMPENSATION PLAN ENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENT PLAN CHADEXPORT PROJECT CHADPORTION - VOLUME3
APPENDIXC IMPLEMENTATIONOF IMPROVEDAGRICULTURAL TECHNIQUES IN THEOIL FIELD DEVELOPMENT AREA
INTRODUCTION
Most individualsand householdspotentially eligible for resettlementare located in the cantons of Bero, Kome, and Miandoum. Project land needs are greatest in these cantons and will increase pressure on village lands. EEPCI and/or TOTCO will provide villages in the OFDA whose lands are impactedby the Projectwith training in improvedagriculture. Individualswho are impacted and choose to learn improved agriculturaltechniques rather than resettle will receive training and financial creditsfor agriculturalequipment and inputs, during the first year they are eligible,to increaseagricultural yields on their remaininglands. Trainingwill be done in the villages. EEPCI and/or TOTCO will purchaseelements of a suitable on-going agricultural programfrom a Chad-basedorganization and have that organizationadminister the programon behalf of EEPCIand/or TOTCO.
BACKGROUNDINFORMATION ON AGRICULTUREIN SOUTHERNCHAD
* The Chad Office for National Rural Development(ONDR) and other organizationshave worked to improveand intensifyagricultural production in the OFDA and similar agricultural areas in SouthernChad.
* Cottonyield per hectarehas doubledsince the 1960s.
* Everyonewho can buy an ox plow does so. * Farmers want to grow improved cotton, not just for cash but for the residual effect of chemicalfertilizers (available only to cotton growers)on next year's cereal crops.
However,agriculture has stagnatedbecause:
* Few apply chemicalfertilizers to food crops or use other soil enrichmentssuch as manure or cottonseedcake. * Most fields are poorly preparedby hand hoe ratherthan plow. * Not only is the quality of hand-weedingsub-optimal for plants but, becausefarmers often lack enough householdlabor to weed on time, the plants do not receive maximum benefit from the labor invested. * Farmersuse seedsproduced from their ancestralstock, not improvedvarieties. * Only a few farmers grow peanuts,sesame, or cereal instead of cotton, and then only when driven to it by factors such as lack of cottonseedor rainsthat fall past cotton'ssowing date.
Chad CRP Eng 05-05.doc C-1 May 1999 CHADRESETTLEMENT AND COMPENSA7TONPLAN ENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENT PLAN CHADPORTON -VOLUME3 CHADEXPORT PROJECr
A variety of factors have impededChad's attemptsto improveits agriculture:
* Repeated destruction,during warfare, of agricultural equipmentacquired only with heavy investment, * Poor roads and lack of transport,which keep farmers from getting cash or other crops to market (exceptfor cotton,which is purchasedand transported by a governmentparastatal), * Illegal internalroad barriers, * Fictitiousinternational tariffs, * Lack of rural credit exceptfor the best cottonfarmers, * A practicallynon-existent extension network in most rural areas, * A continuingemphasis on cotton as the only cropworthy of improvement, * Farmers'inability to acquireseeds for altemativecash cropsor improvedfood crops, and e Farmers' inability to slow the continuousdecline of soil fertility in a shifting agriculture systemthat is rapidly runningout of availableland.
The Governmentof Chad has recentlyattempted to improvethe situationby:
* Increasingfarm-gate prices, v Revisinginternational tariffs and devaluingthe FCFAto make export more appealing, i Decontrollingthe truckingindustry, * Improvingcustoms offices' efficiency, and
* Ruling against illegal barriers,taxes, andtariffs.
OFDA IMPROVEDAGRICULTURAL TECHNIQUES
Farmersin the OFDA will need to adopttechniques to increaseyields if they are to farm on less land.There is a strong likelihoodthat farmerswill adopt such techniquesif they can learn them and can get the necessary materials and equipment. Local farmers are already acutely consciousof:
* Low yields from less fertilefields, * The demand for certain cash crops in markets that are inaccessible because of transportationproblems, and * Their inability to acquire enough quality seeds for marketable crops such as peanuts.
May 1999 C-2 Chad CRP Eng05-05.doc CHADRESETTLEMENT AND COMPENSATIONPLAN ENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENT PLAN CHADEXPORT PROJECT CHADPORTION - VOLUME3
Many local farmers are alreadyseeking accessto equipment,supplies, and informationon the application of new techniques (see Table C-1) including plows, carts, corps butteurs (which protect and aerate a plant's roots),cottonseed and peanut cake,8 and chemicalfertilizer. 9 They are eager to use improvedtechniques but lack the funds -- either agriculturalcredits or cash crop income -- to acquireequipment or inputs.
Add to this interest the Government'sefforts to improve the farmers' situation, the improved access to markets that Project road upgradeswill allow, and the striga-resistantstrains of sorghum (the principalstaple crop) that the research institute CIRAD has developed,and the likelihoodof successis increased.
Lessons learned from agricultural programs implementedin similar or nearby areas will be applied. Othersuccessful agricultural programs have shown that farmerswill:
* Readily adoptmodifications of techniquesalready in use. * Improve farmingwhen they receive more value from their cropl0 through improved marketaccess (which the upgradedroads will provide). * Adopt techniquesthat fit with their specific needs or have already been adopted by others, and about which others can give advice. In nearby areas farmers' associations are being formed to spread news of their positive experiences. With the Delegue Technique,which has been employedsuccessfully in the Prefectureadjacent to the Project area, intensivelytrained local farmers chosen by their villages leamed how to apply a few simple improvementsin their ownfields and provideadvice to neighbors.
8 CottonseedCake: Farmersin areastowards Miandoum, where soil fertility is lowestand pressureon fallow highest, want fertilizer but cannotafford it or obtainit. Even if farmerscould buyfertilizer they would not use it on food crops because the increasedyield does not cover their increasedcosts, especiallyif food crops are grown for home consumption. Farmerscan affordcottonseed cake (1250 FCFA/sack)relative to the increasedyield it gives of food crops. Buying cake is not easy. Cash paymentis requiredby the ONDR agentwho is not easily found, but must place the large minimumorder required by Cotontchad. Cotontchadis usuallytoo busy deliveringcottonseed to delivercottonseed cake in time.
9 Fertilizerescost to the farmer in 1995was increasedby a 20 percenttax: 5 percentcustoms fee and 15 percent businesstax. 10 In World Bank terms: Primaryemphasis should be given to measuresthat will assist in raisingthe value of farm productsat the farm gate. Examplesinclude: (a) improvedroad access, (b) eliminationof marketingbottlenecks and unnecessarycontrols and costs, and (c) wideningthe range of economicallyand technicallyviable land use options such as cultivationof new crops and raisingof new livestock(Lusigi & Buursink,1994. Sahel OperationalReview: Statusand LessonsLearned, World Bank).
ChadCRP Eng 05-05.doc C-3 May 1999 CHAD RESETTLEMENT AND COMPENSATION PLAN ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN CHADPORTION-VOLUME3 CHAD EXPORT PROJECT
* Be reluctant to give up their usual techniques for new ones they have not seen at work. In some cases making new techniques fit with farmers' established ways makes adoption more likely.
- Farmers who own agricultural equipment make more money by renting the equipment out than by increasing their own crop yield. Less productive farmers, if they could obtain equipment, could put their energy into renting it out rather than farming.
- Farmers prefer to fallow simply by abandoning a field instead of planting an anti-erosion cover crop or a nitrogen-fixing fodder crop that animals can browse in the first year of fallow. Farmers see no need to expend time and money for a crop they cannot eat or that will not earn them money. If the Project and newly opened markets increase demand for animals, fodder cover crops may become desirable. - Farmers apply less than optimal dosages of fertilizer and pesticides, only slightly improving yields, because if crops are poor they are exposed to little financial loss. A balance can be reached between financial exposure and the amount applied, especially if less expensive soil additives and Integrated Pest Management are used. - Few people are willing to give up bush fires for clearing fields." Farmers use controlled bruming of leaves and brush to clear fields being reused and controlled ringing of big trees to kill them. Uncontrolled burning of bush occurs when farmers are first clearing long-fallow brush; the fire is uncontrolled and adults and especially children use the opportunity to hunt for field mice and other small animals. The Project would benefit if farmers were taught to use bush fires in a positive and controlled manner, instead of simply being forbidden to burn, as they are at present, to no effect. Controlled buming would lessen the danger of fire to all concerned.
* Promotion of markets for cash crops other than cotton. Farmers have already demonstrated a willingness to switch cash crops. In 1993 and 1995 they produced sesame in response to demands from private business. However, these opportunities need to be promoted, and seeds, especially peanut seeds, need to be readily available.
* Improved delivery of inputs and equipment. Many inputs arrive after the date needed, or the optimal use date. Farmers who have received lump sums of money for their cash crops often use the money piecemeal while waiting to pay for equipment or inputs they have ordered. In the end they can no longer afford to pay for them.
Transhumantherders set fires in low-lyingareas along watercoursesto promotethe revegetationof fresh grass. These fires should not pose much dangerto the Project,since most facilitieswill not be built in areas that can be flooded. On the other hand, herdersalso set fires in the bush to clear out the undergrowthso their herds can move more easily. This sort of bush fire can be minimized only by the institution of official couloirs de transhumance, definingcorridors along whichherders travel with their animals,thereby limiting the areaswhere such buming occurs.
May1999 C4 Chad CRP Eng 05-05.doc CHADRESETTLEMENT AND COMPENSATIONPLAN ENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENT PLAN CHADEXPORT PROJECT CHADPORTION - VOLUME3
Table C-1 ImprovedAgricultural Techniques
IMPROVEDAGRICULTURAL TECHNIQUES OFDA Farmers Technique actively seek or Local research has Successful are interested in been successful projects elsewhere Animal traction X X X Compost Not yet tried X X Fertilizing of trees X X X Strip cultivation X X Striga-resistant sorghum' Not yet tried X X Crop rotation 3 X X Improved seeds X X X Substitute cash crops X Not yet tried X
Fodder crops 14 Not yet tried X X Rented equipment X Not yet tried X Cover crops for fallow Not yet tried X X Realistic program of fertilizer and x x x pesticides application Controlled burning Not yet tried X Non-food legumes Not yet tried X X Improved delivery of inputs X Not yet tried X
X = Experiments have been successfully conducted using the technique.
* Fits well with techniques presently employed.
12 Striga is a parasitic plant that attacks sorghum and millet growing in poor soil.
13 Legume crops are commonly grown, but farmers plant them in a cycle intended to deal with declining fertility leading to fallow rather than to retard or reverse the decline.
14 Crops like beans and peanuts whose leaves serve as fodder are commercially grown as food, but the fodder is seen only as a by-product.
Chad CRP Eng 05-05.doc C-5 May 1999 THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLYLEFT BLANK APPENDIXD CHADRESETTLEMENTAND COMPENSATION PLAN ENWRONMENTALMANAGEMENT PLAN CHAD EXPORT PROJECT CHAD PORTION - VOLUME3
APPENDIX D VILLAGE AND INDIVIDUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES
INTRODUCTION
The availability of jobs was one of the major concerns voiced by local villages during public consultation. Jobs will be made available through two avenues. First, through regular Project hiring procedures and, second, in the form of labor-intensive village employment opportunities.
PROJECT EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES FOR INDIVIDUALS
Project hiring procedures are discussed in detail in the Environmental Assessment and Environmental Management Plan. The reader should consult these documents for additional information. Table D-1 summarizes these opportunities.
LABOR-INTENSIVE VILLAGE EMPLOYMENT
There will also be labor-intensive village employment opportunities. These employment opportunities are not a form of individual or community compensation. Village employment will be managed through a third party organization, and payment will be made to villages as a whole or to village organizations. The compensation will be paid in cash or in-kind. This employment may address some of the issues associated with compensation and resettlement implementation.
The EDR and EEPCI and/or TOTCO Agents may utilize labor-intensive village employment to complete work needed in a short period of time. This is an efficient solution to compensation and resettlement scheduling and labor demands that has a positive benefit for the rest of the village as well.
Labor-intensive village employment will be possible only in locations where appropriate jobs exist. Nevertheless, these jobs will offer wider economic opportunities than individual direct hires by the Project or Project contractors. Examples of labor-intensive village jobs include:
* Jobs on community compensation projects,
* Resettlement jobs,
* Late notification compensation jobs.
Villages can be hired, for example, to clear the right-of-way when a new village of resettlers needs an access road. Resettlement and late notification jobs are particularly appropriate for labor-intensive village employment. If someone has received late notification that an already prepared field is needed by the Project, or that a building will be removed, new fields can be cleared or a structure erected in a short time with the cooperation of village members.
Chad CRP Eng 05-05.doc D-1 May 1999 CHADRESETTLEMENT AND COMPENSATIONPLAN ENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENT PLAN CHADPORTION -VOLUME 3 CHADEXPORT PROJECT
Villagerscan be hired to provide assistancesuch as makingbricks or sewing a new straw roof. If a family has decided to resettle and needs to remove all its effects to its new home, the villagers can cooperate in moving their neighborto the new site. If the family members are settlingin an area where they will haveto clearseveral newfields, the farmer,rather than doing all the clearing himself, can call on the village to spend several days in communal labor to accomplishthis task.
Labor-intensivevillage jobs replicatestandard communitycooperation. The only difference is that traditionallythe recipient of the aid pays for a feast, or salt, or wages for everyone who participates. In this case the Projectwould providethe funds to the village or recipient. Labor- intensivevillage jobs will be managedby the EDR througha third party.
May 1999 D-2 Chad CRP Eng 05-05.doc CHAD RESETTLEMENT AND COMPENSATION PLAN EN0VIlRONIMENTALM.ANA,GEMENT PI-AN CHAD EXPORT PROJECT CHAD PORTION - VOLUME 3
Table D-1 IndividualEmployment
ISSUES/IMPACTS . Job availability for Nationals. . Fairness and transparency of the Project's recruitment and hiring process. . Equitable distribution of jobs. . Transition to longer-term maintenance and operations jobs that are substantially fewer in number versus development phase jobs. . Availability of suitable banking services to Project workers.
PROJECT DESIGN FEATURES MITIGATION PLANS MONITORING PLANS GOVERNMENT RESPONSIBILITIES . Conformancewith-the Conventions . Duringboth phases of the Project: . Duringboth phases of the Project: . Duringboth phasesof the Project: regardingthe provisionof fair - Reasonabledistribution of Projectjobs - Establishmentof a monitoringsystem - Assist EEPCIand/or TOTCO in employmentopportunities to Nationals amongqualified Nationals, giving to trackProject worker hiring and disseminatinginformation concerning and implementationof a trainingand priorityto localcitizens of communities performance. Project-relatedjob opportunitiesand recruitmentplan. most affectedby the Project. . Duringthe developmentohase of the terms of employment. . Designof the recruitmentand hiring - Creationand compilation of lists of Project: - Issue documentsand permits processesfor the developmentand localcandidates eligible for - EEPCIand/or TOTCO surveillance of necessaryfor employment,in operationsphases of the Projectto be employmentfrom communitiesmost Contractors'hiring practices. accordancewith applicable as fair andopen as possible. affectedby Projectland needs. regulationsand laws. - Preparationand implementation of - Establishor assistin establishinglocal RegionalAwareness Programs bankingand savings facilities if they detailingjob opportunitiesfor are not availablein locationswhere residents. Projectworkers are paid. - Preparationof developmentand - ReviewEEPCI and TOTCO's Training operationsphase Employment Plans Planswhich identifylong-term job outliningprocedures to meetstated skills neededby the Projectas employmentexpectations and submitted. contractspecifications. - Encourageand fund skills - Acceptanceof job applicationsonly at . developmentand training programs to Projectoffices in designated cities and produceindividuals suitable for hireby towns. the Project,if not alreadyavailable. -Verification of locationof permanent residencefor Projectworkers. - Encouragementof the developmentof local bankingservices for Project workersat locationswhere they are paid if not alreadyavailable. - Provisionof additionalshort-term employmentopportunities to individualsdirectly impacted by the Project. ... continued
ChadCRP Eng05-05.doc D-3 May 1999 CHADRESETTLEMENT AND COMPENSATIONPLAN ENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENT PLAN CHADPORTION - VOLUME3 CHADEXPORT PROJECT
Table D-1 IndividualEmployment (continued)
PROJECT DESIGN FEATURES MITIGATION PLANS MONITORING PLANS GOVERNMENT RESPONSIBILITIES - Development of training and employment opportunities as a possible option to resettlement through a facilitated process as set forth in the Chad Export Project, Compensation and Resettlement Plan. During the operations phase of the Project: - Institution of an Employment Management System similar to that used during the development phase featuring: + hiring strategies for each skill level, + use of a database to record and track Project worker information. - Initial recruitment of workers from qualified individuals engaged in the construction of the Project's permanent facilities. - Provision for the expatriate proportion of the workforce to diminish over time as Nationals acquire specialized technical and managerial skills and expertise.
Development Phase Notes * In Chad, the average construction workforce may total about 3,000 individuals (about 2,000 Chadians and 1,000 expatriates). * All constructionjobs will be temporary in nature, the duration of which depends upon: a) site location, b) whether the construction site is fixed or moving [i.e., pipeline], c) Project personnel requirements, and d) employee skills. - Fixed sites such as the pump stations and oilfield-area facilities require about one to two years to construct. Skilled positions will be available for various durations of time depending upon construction schedules and needs. Most unskilled positions will be available only during the dry season and will range in duration from several days to several months. A small number of unskilled positions may be available for the duration of the construction period. - Pipeline and infrastructure construction are estimated to require two years to complete using mobile work crews. For these moving work sites, skilled personnel assignments will be of longer duration, typically from three to 18 months depending upon personnel requirements and the mobility of skilled personnel. Most work will be done over two dry seasons during which the majority of the unskilled labor jobs will be available. The unskilled labor jobs will last for several days to several months. This is a function of the amount of work in each area and the distance to efficiently transport local residents to and from work daily. - A limited number of personnel from the construction workforce, depending upon skills and Project requirements, will transition to longer-term maintenance and operations jobs. These employment opportunities will consist of a cross section of job classifications. Operations Phase Notes * In Chad, the EEPCI and/or TOTCO operations and maintenance workforce will total about 550 individuals (about 66 percent Nationals over the life of the Project). * A limited number of personnel from the construction workforce, depending upon skills and Project requirements, will transition to longer-term maintenance and operations jobs. These employment opportunities will consist of a cross section of job classifications.
May 1999 D-4 Chad CRP Eng 05-05.doc APPENDIXE CHADRESETTLEMENT AND COMPENSA77ON PLAN ENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENT PLAN CHADEXPORT PROJECT CHADPORTION- VOLUME 3
APPENDIX E SUMMARY OF COMPENSATION AND RESETTLEMENT ACTIVITIES AS OF FEBRUARY 1999
Table E-1 Status of Resettlement Alternatives, Resettlement and Relocation Dossiers as of January 20, 1999 Table E-2 Options Selected by Households Eligible for Resettlement
Table E-3 Resettlement by Relocation Table E-4 Summary of Individuals Needing to Relocate Houses Table E-5 Summary of Land Acquired and Compensation Paid for Crops by Village (OFDA - PPE) Table E-6 Individual Questionnaire (Visite) Table E-7 Individual Questionnaire (Concession - Habitation) Table E-8 Individual Questionnaire (Construction -1)
Table E-9 Community Compensation Table E-10 Community Compensation (Infrastructure Communautaire) Table E-1 1 Example of Completed Individual Compensation Dossier Table E-12 Number of Mango Trees Compensated Table E-13 Number of Fruit and Shade Trees Compensated by Village Table E-14 Number of Individually Owned Wild, Productive Trees Compensated by Village
Chad CRP Eng 05-05.doc E-1 May 1999 THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLYLEFT BLANK Table E-1 Summary of Resettlement and Relocation Dossiers as of 20 March 1999
RESETTLEMENTAND RELOCATION Total No. Households Eligible: 39 Reason Resettlement (land of farm land) 14 Reseftlement and Relocation 4 Relocation (housing demolished) 21 Total No. People Eligible 39
Construction Resettlement 1 Relocation 21 Resettlement and Relocation 4 Sub-Total 26 Training l Resettlement 5 Relocation 0 Resettlement and Relocation 1* Sub-Total 5 * * NB: 1 person not added in grand total; already included under 4 houses to construct Replacement Land Available Resettlement 8 Relocation 0 Resettlement and Relocation 0 Sub-Total 8 IGrand Total 39
Eeng-1.xis Tabie E-2 HouseholdsEligible for Resettlement
RESETTLEMENT Total No. Households Eligible: 18 Reason Resettlement(lack of farm land) 14 Resettlementand Relocation 4 Total No. PeopleEligible 18
Construction Resettlememt I Beboto ID0086 Mbai-Elpi Marguerite I Resettlementand Relocation 4 Bero 2 ID001 0 Wadingar Andre Bero 2 ID0011 Boumde Pascal Bero 2 ID0012 Nadjihorbe Victor Bero 2 ID0026 Yalbar Bardo Sub-Total 5 Training Tr Resettlement 5 Bero 2 ID0035 Ndigal Veronique Bero 2 ID0037 Daindilem Clement Dildo ID0098 Dingamtombaye Ngamdoussou Madjo ID0114 Ngarndiguim Marcel Kome Sat 100105 Menodji Faustine Resettlement and Relocation I Bero2 0IDOO10Wadingar Andre 1 Sub-Total 5* * NB: 1 not addedto grandtotal; alreadyincluded under 4 housesto construct Land Available Resettlement 8 Bero 1 ID0024 Beal Gustave Bero2 ID0029 Djadnan Pierre Bero2 ID0052 Raadoumadji Valenri Bero 2 ID0053 Djimhotem Frangois =____ Dildo I D0065 Madjingar Rigobert Dokaydilti iD0079 Ndodene Martine Ngalaba ID0120 Dojilar Madjibe Ngalaba ID0123 Kemndola Monique Sub-Total 8 TOTAL 18
Eeng-2.xls Table E-3 Land Dataof HouseholdsEligible for Resettlement
LAND DATA OF HOUSEHOLDSELIGIBLE FOR RESETTLEMENT . ~ ~ ~ .__ ~ ~ TtIb -- _-
No. ssier Name First Name Total No. Cordes Original Present Cordes/ Present No. ID Name First Name Cordes Surrendered Household Household person to ResettlementOption Location Movesto by Resettler Size Size resettle 1 0075 Mbai-Elpi Marguerite 2 1.75 2 2 0.13 resettlement Dildo Beboto 2 0035 Ndigal Veronique 3 2.625 9 8 0.04 trainingcook Bero2 reste 3 0037 Daindilem Clement 8 6.25 12 12 0.15 training mechanic Bero3 reste 4 0087 DingamtombayeNgarndoussou 9 4 16 16 0.31 trainingmason Dildo reste 5 0102 Ngardigium Marcel 8 2.25 9 12 0.64 traininggardener Madjo reste 6 0105 Menodji Faustine 4 2 6 5 0.33 training cook KomeSatan reste 7 0010 Wadingar Andre 24 13.25 17 17 0.63 training mechanic Dodangti Bero2 8 0011 Boumde Pascal 11 6.625 8 8 0.55 relative'sland Dodangti Bero2 9 0012 Nadjihorbe Victor 7 6.125 5 5 0.17 relative'sland Dodangti Bero 2 10 0026 Yalbar Bardo 5 4.625 6 7 0.06 relative'sland Dodangti Bero2 11 0029 Djadnan Pierre 11 7.875 8 10 0.39 relative'sland Dodangti reste 12 0079 Ndodene Martine 3 1.375 8 9 0.2 relative'sland Dokaydilti reste 13 0120 Dojila Madjibe 4 0.375 7 8 0.52 relative'sland Ngalaba reste 14 0123 Kemndola Monique 3 1.5 6 6 0.25 relative'sland Ngalaba reste 15 0024 Beal Gustave 6 2 10 10 0.4 bush Bero 1 reste 16 0052 Raadoumadji Valeri 5 0.375 8 9 0.58 bush Dodangti reste 17 0053 Djimhotem Francois 5 3.25 12 12 0.15 bush Bero 2 reste 18 0065 Madjingar Rigobert 7 1.625 11 11 0.49 bush Dildo reste
Eeng-3.xls Table E-4 Households Eligible for Relocation
HOUSEHOLDSELIGIBLE FOR RELOCATION
No. Dossier Name First Name Total No. Present Moves to _No. ID Cordes Location
1 0001 Teintam Louise 4 Dodangti Bero 2 2 0004 Nodjingar Mathias 11 Dodangti Dildo 3 0007 Nadjihombe Mbaissig 2 Dodangti Bero 2 4 0009 Djimassal Jean 8 Dodangti Bero 2 5 0013 Koulangar Sylvain 10 Dodangti Bero 2 6 0014 Peumgar Michel 5 Dodangti Bero 2 7 0015 Mbaihoroum -Elie 7 Dodangti Bero 2 8 0016 Ngamoudjibe Rene 6 Dodangti Bero 2 9 0017 Peuryo Francois 3 Dodangti Bero 2 10 0019 Nadjiadjim Poitoloum 8 Dodangti Bero 2 11 0028 Poitoloum Daniel 7 Dodangti Bero 2 12 0038 Djimtoloum Jechonias 7 Dodangti Bero 2 13 0039 Ngaryaloum Albert 2 Bayande Dildo 14 0043 Ndouba Bertran 9 Bayande Dildo 15 0044 Nadjidjim Emile 10 Dodangti Bero 2 16 0061 Kossadim Philippe 12 Bayande Dildo 17 0064 Ngarsoual Gilbert 8Bayande Dildo 18 0126 Togngar Gaston 8 Dodangti Bero 2 19 0587 Djimrangar Justin 5 Bayande Dildo 20 0588 Banta Jonas 7 Dodangti Bero 2 21 0028 bis Madjipi Josephine 7 Dodangti Bero 2
Eeng-4.xis Table E-5 Summary of Land Acquired and Compensation paid for Crops by Village (Land-OFDA-PPE) ActualLand Surface Requirements LandSurface Sous-Prefecturel1 - ~~~~~~~~~~Numberof Dossiers Sou-PefetuCnto Vllae FD PPIE Inr- Total __ F_A__PPE_infrastructures___ Total _Compensated I ~~ ~~~~~I Istructure M cods M. cordes M' cordes M' cordes mz cordes
5041 1.000 Batbokoum Balbokoum-Urbain Combattant ___0 3 0 3 0 __ 0 3594 0.71 0 0 3594 0.71 0.125 ______b ivers 0 1 0 1 0 __ 0 564 0.11 0 0 664 0.11 630
______Kabba 0 0 1 1 0 __ 0 0 0 4297 0.85 4297 0,85 6041 1,000 3151 0.625 ______Kato I 0 ___1 0 1 0 __ 0 2856 0.57 0 0 2856 0.57 20794 4.125 ______Mbaldogolo ___0 ___0 5 5 0 __ 0 0 0 18712 3.71 18712 3.71 0.1251 ______Mbogomian 0 ___ 0 I 1 0 0 0 0l 432 0.091 432 0.091 630 8192 1.625 ______Mbou 0 ___5 0 ___ 0 __ 0 6448 1.26 0 0 6448 1.281 Mboum It 0 3 0 3 0 __ 0 6877 1.36 0 0l 6877 1.361 10082 2.000 Sara ___0 ___0 4 __ 4 0 __ 0 0 0 26892 5.331 26892 5.331 27726 5.600 81286 16.126 Totail ______0 13 11 24 0 __ 0 20339 4.03 60333 9.981 70672 14.021 2.000 Mbayssaye 861aboko 0 ___9 0 9 0 __ 0 6532 1.30 0 01 6532 1.301 10082 2.37_5 ______Bingo _ __0 _ _ 6 ____0 6 _ _ _ 0 _ _ 0 8545 1.70 ____0 0 8545 1.70 11972 3.875 ______Bitoye I ___0 __ 7 ____2 __ 9 0 __ 0 13484 2.67 3000 0.60 16484 3.27 19534 BitoysII11_ 0 __ 4 ____0 __ 4 0 __ 0 1580 0.31 ____0 ___0 1580 0.31 2521 0.500 1.66 10712 2.125 ______Gorro _ __0 _ _ 7 ____0 7 _ __ 0 _ _ 0 8379 1.66 0 0 8379
__ 0.32 ____0 0 1622 0.32 1890 0.375 ______~~~~~~~Koumao___0 __ 1 ____0 1 ___ 0 0 1622 67423 13.375 ______Mbayssaye __ 0 35 ____0 35 ___ 0 __ 0 52490 10.41 ____0 ___0 52490 10.41 Mbikon6 ___ __ 5 ____ 5 ____0 __ 0 65351 1.30 ___0 ___ 6535 1.30, 8822 1.750
__ 0 ___0 4711 0.93 6301 1.250 ______~~~~~ ~~Mboh___0 __ 4 __ 0 4 ____0 0 4711 0.93 __ 1.49 ____0 0 7527 1.49 9452 1.875 ______~~~~~~~Mboura___0 __ 5 ____0 5 ___ 0 0 7527 __ 44722 8.87 48376 9.60 52300 '10.3751 ______~~~~ ~~Ngot___0 4 ____7 1 1 ___ 0 0 3654 0.72 ____0 17658 3.50 23315 4.625 ______~~~~~~Sakara 0 13 ____0 13 ___ 0 __ 0 17658 3.50 __ 47722 9.47 180439 36.79 224325 44.600 ______~~~~Total 0 100 9 109 ___ 0 0 132717 26.33
_ _0 0 0 0.000 _ _ _Mont de Lam DibalI 0 21__ 2 _ _0 0 0 0 0 0 0l 0 0 0 0.000 _____ ~~~~~~~Total!___ 0 2 0l 21 0 0 0 l 01 Total 0 116 20 _1351 0 0 153056. 30.361 980551 19.4611 2511111 49.811 306611, 60.G62
0 0.000 B4b6dJia B4ro B6ro 1 4 0 ____0 __ 4 _____ 0.00 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 136ro 11 51. 4 ____0 655 __ 0 0.00 17473 3.47 0 0 17473 3.47 0 0.000 Dokatdilti 101 0 0 10 ____0 0.00 0 0 0 0 ____0 0.00 0 0.000 0 _ _0 0.00 0 0.000 ______~~Madjo 2 0 0 __2 _ _0 0.00 0 0 0
______Mbanga 0 16 0l 16 ____0 0 41881- 8.31 0 0 4`1881 8.31 0 0.000 0.0001 ______Ndaba Dilde 38 3 ol__ 41 ___ 0 0.00 77501 1.54 ____0 01 7750 1.541 0 0 0.000 Total ______105 23 ____0 128 ___ 0 0.00 67104 13.31 0 0 67104 13.31
_ _0 0 0.000 Kom6 86b~ddia __1 0 _ _0 1 _ _0 0.00 _ _0 0 _ _0 __0 0.00 _ _ 0 0.000 ______86gada _ __0 17 ____0 17 _ __ 0 0 37611 7.46 ____0 0 37611 7.46 __ _ 0.000 ______8~~61a1 7 0 __ 0 7 _ 0 0.00 __ _0 0 _ _0 __0 0.00 0 _ 0 0.000 ______Bolobo_I ___ 0 31 ____0 31 _ __ 0 0 68777 13.64 ____0 _ 0 68777 13.64 ___ _ 0 __ _0 _ 0 _ _ 0 0.00- 0 0.000 ______~~Danmadja_ _3 0 0 0 3--- _ b_ 0.00 0 0,000 ______Kayaral __ _0 15 ____0 15 _ __ 0 0 35849 7.11 0 0 35849 7.11 __ _0 3.96 0 0.000 ______Kom6 _ __5 __ _7 _ _ 0 1 2 __ _ _0 0.00 19962 3.96 _ _ 0 19962 0 0.000 ______Matnani ____ 6 0l 6 ___ 0 0 13818 2.74 0 0 13818 2.74 0 0.000 ______Mayongo 0 8 ____0 _ _ 8 _ __ 0 0 30270 6.00 0 0 30270 6.00 0 0.000 ______Moukassa 0 6 ____0 6 0 0 22827 4.53 0 0 22827 4.53 Totel 1Is_____ 90 ____0 106 ___ 0 0.00 229114 45.45 01 0 229114 46.46 0 0.0001 0 0.0001 ______Miandoum Ngalaba 5 0 0 5 0 0.00 0l 0 0 0l 0 0.001 0 0 0 0.00 0 0.0001 _____ ~~~~~~~Total__ _ 0 0 5. 0, 0.00 0 0 Total ~~~~ ~~~~1113 ~~~~~126.0, 2391 0 0 2062181 50.76 0 0 9618 5.76 0 0.0001
Eang-S.xis Table E-5 Summaryof LandAcquired and Compensationpaid for Crops by Village (Land-OFDA-PPE)
1_ Number ofDossiers _ _ ActualLand SurfaceRequirements __Land Surface Sous-PefectreCaton Vllage OFDA PPE nfa Total OFDA PPE Infrastructures Total____ Compensated ______I I ~~~~~~~strIucturemz ICordes cordI3~est m cordes m' cordes nl cordes Bessao Bessao B0kao-Ferme 0 2 ____0 2 ___ 0 0 5592 1.11 0 __ 0 5592 1.11 6301 1.250 ______BOkao I 0 10 __ 0 10 ____0 __ 0 19116 3.79 0 ___0 19116 3.79 23315 4.625 ______11 BMae 0 14 ____0 14 ___ 0 __ 0 53767 10.67 0 __ 0 53767 10.67 0 0.000 Bembar 0 2__ 0 2 ____0 __ 0 7905 1.57 __ 0 ___0 7905 1.57 6192 1.625 ______Bessao 0 32 6 38 ___ 0 __ 0 44346 8.80 14745 2.93 590911 11.72 737251 14.625 ______Dodtangl I 0 3 0 3 ____0 __ 0 140501 2.79 0 ___0 14050 2.79 16363 3.250 Gamadji 0 23 0 23 ___ 0 __ 0 48447 9.61 ____0 ___0 48447 9.61 59232 11.750 LaoukoyeMass 0 5 0 __ 5 ___ 0 0 22553 4.47 ____0 0 22553 4.47 24575 4.8751 ______Laoukoye Toun 0 1 0 ___1 ____0 __ 0 459 0.09 0 0 459 0.09 630 0.125 Mabi 0 10 0 10 ____0 __ 0 27094 5.37 __ 0 ___0 27094 5.37 33397 6.625 Sao 0 4 0 4 ____0 0 6604 1.31 0 0l 6604 1.311 8192 1.625 Total ______01 10G G 112 ___ 01 0 249933 49.58 14745 2.931 264678 52.511 263941 60.375
______Gadjiblan 136gon I 01 6 01 6 ___ 01 0 246561 4.89 ____0 0 24656 4.89 0 0.000 ______6gon 11 0l __ _ 0 _ _ 5 _ _ _ 0 0 15321 3.04 __ _ _0 __ _0 15321 3.04 0 0.000 ______E9uelka 0 8 0 _ _ 8 _ __ 0 0 24043 4.77 0 0 24043 4.77 0 0.000 ______Gadjibian _ _ 0 1 0 _ _ 1 _ _ _ 0 0 8636 1.71 __ _ _0 __ _0 8636 1.71 0 0.000 ______Kouloulou _ __0 _ _ _ __ 7 0 _ _ 7 _ _ _ 0 0 26217 5.20 __ _ _0 _ _ 0 26217 5.20 0 0.000 ______Mempon __ _0 __ _2 0 2 __ _ _0 0 5188 1.03 _ _ 0 _ _0. 5186 1.03 0 0.000 ______Tours I __ _0 _ _ 5 0 5 _ _ _ 0 0 13764 2.73 __ _ _0 __ _0 13764 2.73 0 0.000 ______Toura II __ 0 5 ____0 5 ___ 0 0 14911 2.96 0 0 14911 2.96 01 0.0001 ______~~~Total______39 ____0 39 ___ 0 0 132736 26.33 - 0 -0 132736 26.33 0l 0.0001 Total 0 145 6 151 0 0 382669 76.91 14745 2.93 397414 78.84 2639411 60.3751
Gor6 M~an B4moulati ___0 8 ____0 8 0 0 25318 5.02 ______25318 5.02 28966 5.750 Total ______0 8a___ 0 8 0 0 25318 6.02 0 __01 25318 5.02 2986 5.760
______Timbdri B4dia ___0 20 ____0 20 0 0 54777 10.87 0 __01 54777 10.87 59862 11.875 ______~~~~~~Bida___0 8 0 __ 8 0 0 24911 4.94 0 0 24911 4.94 27095 5.375 ______Kaba 0 8 _ _ 0 ___8 0 0 21146 4.19 __ 0 ___0 21146 4.19 24575 4.875 ______Kagopal ___0 3 ____0 3 0 0 4267 0.65 0 0 4267 0.685 5041 1.000 ______KolI __ 0 18a 0 18 0 0 46024 9.13 __ 0 ___0 46024 9.13 53561 10.625 ______Koundja _ __0 4 _ __ 0 4 0 0 16683 3.31 ____0 _ _ 0 16683 3.31 18274 3.625 ______Koundja II __ 0 8 0 8 0 0 24234 4.81 ____0 ___0 24234 4.81 26465 5.250 ______Ouao ___0 6 0 ___6 0 0 19094 3.79 0 ___0 19094 3.79 20164 4.000 ______~~~~~Total_____ 0 75 0, 75 0l 0 211136 41.88 __ 0 __ 0 211136 41.88, 235037 46.626 Totall______0 83 0l 83 0l 0 236454 46.91 0 0 2364541 46.91E 264022 62.375 TOTALLogone Oriental J12614561 26 0 0 ]1068397221.4f112800 J22.377J 1897[234.32 823~674f163.3751
E&U.56S Table E-6 Individual Questionnaire (Visit) No. de Dossier: Esso Explorationand ProductionChad Inc. (EEPCI) VISITE
Nom: Prenom: __ Nom du pere: Nom de la mere: Village: Quartier:
Date: Visite #: Endroit: Champ-Agriculture (Precisez lequel) Concession-Habitation (Precisez laquelle): R6sidence du chef de village: Autre (Precisez):
PARTICIPANTS A LA VISITE Nom Prenom Titre 1 .
3. 4. ___
5. _ 6. 7. 8._
RAISON(S)POUR LA VISITE
o Recueil d'informations o Suivi (resumerla situation*) o Discussionsur la compensation o Paiementde la compensation o Discussionsur la reinstallation/relocalisation o Autre (Precisez):
* OBSERVATIONS/COMMENTAIRES
Eeng-fr.doc Table E-7 Individual Questionnaire (Concession - Residence) No. de Dossier:
Esso Explorationand ProductionChad, Inc (EEPCI) CONCESSION - HABITATION
Nom: Prenom:
IDENTIFICATIONDE LA CONCESSION Pipeline Autre:
Chainage debut de la concession: Chainage fin de iaconcession: Village: Quartier: Pas de quartier
IDENTIFICATIONDE LA CONCESSION Est-ce qu'il y a des arbres a compenser dans cette concession? N on Ou i (remplir une fiche Arbre) Si oui, est-ce qu'ils appartiennent a quelqu'un d'autre? Non Oui Si oui, Nom et No. de Dossier: Est-ce qu'il y a des constructions dans cette concession? No n Oui Si oui, est-ce qu'ils appartiennent a quelqu'un d'autre? No n Oui Si oui, Nom et No. de Dossier: _
POTAGER Oui Non
Arachide Gombo Mil Penicillaire Sorgho Aubergine = Haricot = Oseille Taro Calabasse Igname _ Patate Tomate Canne sucr&e Macabo Pois de Terre _ Concombre Mats Sesame Courge Manioc _ Soja
CROQUIS DE LA CONCESSION (indiquer le plus d'informations possible)
SignatureEEPCI/TOTCO Date SignatureGOT Signaturedu Chefou Representant Signaturede Temoins SignaturePersonne Affect6e Eeng-7fr.doc Table E-8 Individual Questionnaire (Construction-1)
No. de Dossier:
Esso Exploration and Production Chad, Inc. (EEPCI) CONSTRUCTION-1
Nom: Pr6nom:
L'ENDROIT de la (des) structure(s) o Pipeline Chainage d6but du champ/concession:_ Chainage fin du champ/concession: o Ailleurs Ouexactement?
TYPES DE STRUCTURES
Abris pour animaux Maison Boutique Marche 'Chambre a coucher Marchede coton 'Cimetiere Mirador 'Cuisine fenm-e Mur/enclos fCuisineouverte Murs/Enclos .Dispensaire Parkingautomobile ,Douche/Latrine Poullailler i__Ecole _tatique '.Puit/Pompe Ecole spontanee Site sacre .Eglise/Mosque 'Source d'eau
- Grenier/Magasin ,Stadede foot 'Hangar 'Tombeau iInstrument de peche Autre (Precisez)
ESQUISSEDE LA (DES) STRUCTURE(S)(num6roter et remplir construction-2)
SignatureEEPCI/TOTCO Date SignatureGOT Signaturedu Chefou Representant Signaturede Temoins SignaturePersonne Affect&e
Peng-8fr.doc Table E-8 IndividualQuestionnaire (Construction-2) No. de Dossier: CONSTRUCTION-2 Nom: . Prenom:.
DESCRIPTIONET MATERIAUX
Longueur Hauteur Largeur Hauteur(pignon) Diametre Circonfdrence
Poutre/poteau Bois de brousse Poutre/poteau Ronier Poutre/poteau Bois blanc___ |Poutre/poteau 0 Bois rouge _ __ _
PorteL L |Metal ======Porte Secko Porte Paille_ _ _ |Porte Bois1__ |Porte Bois et metal_ - __ iMur Exterieur Cr6pi terre MurExterieur Crepi ciment Mur Interieur Crepiterre Mur Interieur Crepi ciment Toit Paille TaOR Tale Toit Tole et plafond Mur BriqueCuite -Grosse Mur Brique Cuite -Petite Mur Tige Mur Ciment Mur Ouvert Mur Haie-vive Mur Autre Mur Brique Crue Mur Secko Mur Bois Fenetre Bois Fenetre Metal Fenetre Bois et metal
Signature EEPCIJTOTCO Date Signature GOT Signature du Chef ou Representant Signature de Temoins Signature Personne Affect6e
Eeng-8fr.doc Table E-8 Individual Questionnaire (Construction-3) No. de Dossier: __
CONSTRUCTION-3 Nom: . Prenom:
PUITIPOMPE Oui Non Type: Creuse Profondeur:_ Fore Profondeur: Puit Creuse Traditionnel Ameliore Bords: Sans bords En Pneu En bois En ciment Interieur: Non-consolide Ciment Osiers Futs Bois Puit Fore En fonction? Oui Non Si non, pourquoi?- Marquede pompe: __Install6e par: Date: Abreuvoirassocie: Oui Non (Si oui, renseignementssur l'abreuvoir: ) Enclosassocie: Oui Non (Si oui, renseignementssur l'enclos :_)
AUTRE SOURCED'EAU POTABLE Non Oui
Fontainepublique Robinet Autre (Precisez) Renseignements:
INSTRUMENTSDE PECHE Non Oui Type: Nasse Filet Picot Haregons Autre (Pn~cisez) Materiauxde construction: Dimensions: P6rioded'utilisation: de a Prse nDrmalepar jour: Temoin(s)de la prise:
SITESACRE Non Oui
Arbre sacre Plantessacrees Eauxsacrees Endroitprotege par "fetiches" Lieu d'initiation Autre(Precisez) Mobilite du site sacre?: Mobile Immobile Nomet adressedu responsabledu site:
LIEUD'ENTERREMENT Non Oui
Cimetiere Tombe Tombeau Tombes et tombeaux No. de tombes: No. de tombeaux: Nom du defunt: Responsable: Nom du defunt: Responsable: Nomdu defunt: Responsable:
AUTRECONSTRUCTION Non Oui Type: Renseignements:
SignatureEEPCI/TOTCO Date SignatureGOT Signaturedu Chef ou Representant Signaturede Temoins SignaturePersonne Affect6e
Eeng-8fr.doc Table E-9 CommunityCompensation Esso Explorationand ProductionCompany International CommunityCompensation
CompensationCommunautaire Dossier No:_ Date:
Village: Canton: S-Pr6fecture:-
Populationdu village avant toute reinstallation(Pr6ciser qui est inclus dans ce d6nombrement(Imposables, tous les adultes,pop entiers):
Nom du quartierou hameau Population Par quartier: _
Populationtotale du village:
Signaturedu Chefde VillageAdministratif donnant son accordavec ce chiffre
Signaturedu Representantd'Esso Date Eeng-9fr.doc Table E-10 Community Infrastructure -INFRASTRUCTURECOMMUNAUTAIRE
Village: Quartier: Canton: S-P:
INFRASTRUCTURESOCIALE DU QUARTIER Infrastructure Pr6sente Absente Nombre DMtails_ Comite existe ? Pompe Install6e par En panne? Puits ameliore Type am6lioration No. personnel Puits traditionnel Bo.dsp Bords ? Route d'acces Entretenu par
Pont/passage _ Besoin? Etatique Ecole Religieuse Spontanee ______Cycle ? Grenier Bati par ? communautaire Magasin Bati par ? stockage Sans hangars Marche Avec hangars Avec boutiques Catholique Egliselmosquee Protestante Mosquee Etatique Dispensaire Catholique Protestante Pharmacie Villageoise Priv6ee______Autre
Eeng-1Ofr.doc Table E-11 Example of Completed Individual Compensation Dossier
No. de dossier: 1N0014
Esso Exploration and Production Chad, Inc. (EEPCI)
FICHERECAPITULATIVE DE BIENS ELIGIBLESA LA COMPENSATION
1. PERSONNEAFFECTtE
Nom: Peumgar Prenom: Michel
Sexe: 2 M 3 F Date de naissance: 1970 Lieu de naissance - Village: B6ro 11 Canton : Mmro Prefecture: Logone Oriental No. Carte d'identitd nationale 44445/45441NC No. Acte de naissance: Adresse de r6sidence principale: Ville / Village administratif: Bsro II Quartier: Dodangti Canton: BMro Sous-pr6fecture : Bebedjia Prefecture : Logone Oriental
Pere-Nom: Dogo Prdnom: Mare-Nom: Bouyomiar Prenomr:
Profession -Activite principale: Cuftivateur Activit6(s) secondaires(s): Menuisier
(A) Nombre de conjoints: 1 (B) Nombre d'enfants et de personnes en charge: 3
(C) Nombre de personnes affectees = 1 + (A) + (B)= 1+ 1 + 3 = 5
(D) Nombre de cordes actuellement 2 la disposition de la personne I famille affecte = 14 (E) SuperFicie amputee (in2): 6364 (cordes) 1.375 (F) Nombre de cordes disponibles apres amputation des terrains affectis = (D)- (E) = 12.625 (G) Nombre de cordes qui restent aux personnes affectees = (F) 1(C) = 12.625 1 5 = 2.525 =No. cordes par personne
ROW2-R6cap(tu1at1f.doc Signaure EEPCI Date SignatureGOT Signature Cu Chef ou Reprdsentant Signaturede T&rnolns Signature Personne Affect6e No.de dossier: IN0014
2. BIENS AFFECT,S - CHAMPS ET CONCESSIONS
Champ# IN0014-CAOI Superficie: (mn) 235 (cordes) 0125 Emplacement: CTF Cuftures: Vivrier (sous culture ou en preparation)
Croquis avec dimensions
IN0014-CA01 -,-f:A02 235mm 2 ,
Flnn;1to40014~ - -'g4N ^ \ 7' ' | UC1O U' C};1 ./ Sb
INOC26-C.A02
IN001 is -- ',A(J i
Champ # IN0014-CA02
Superficie (m 2 ) 6129 (cordes) 1.250 Emplacement: CTF Cultures: Vivrier (sous culture ou en pr¶tion) (cultiv l'an dernier)
Croquis avec dimensions
/CAOIt I
/., ,-O - - IiDg -. -'U
+~~~~~- /, j,* / .- */ -
/. 61/9/7///,;- S.
1:2000 CO N C 113-CA .612m />
lNOOI3-/ $" CAO3 I' IN(X326*-(ACI2 / /
ROW2-R6capitulatlf.doc Slgnature EEPCI Date Sinature GOT Signature du Chef ou Repr&sentant Signature de T7nmoins Slgnature PersonneAffecve No. de dossier: IN0014
2. BIENS AFFECTtS - CHAMPS ET CONCESSIONS
Champ # IN0014-CHO1 Superficie: (m2) 430 (cordes) 0.000 Emplacement: CTF Cultures: Potager, superficie= 45m'
Croquis avec dimensions IN0014-CH01 430 m2
3. BIENS AFFECTtS - ARBRES Bananier
I Type Jounespous8es Adultes Endrolt
Bananler .N0014-CAO14 0 TOTAL: 4 0
Fruitiers
Type Non productif Productif Endrolt
N6r& 1 1 IN0014-CA02 Kariti 6 2 IN0014-CA02 TOTAL: 7 3
ROW2-R6capitulatif.doc Slgnature EEPCI Date SignatureGOT Signature du Chef ou Representant Signature do T6moins Signature Personne Affect6e No. de dossier: IN0014
3. BIENS AFFECTtS - ARBRES Manguier
Type 0-lan 1 -Bans >6ans Endroit
Manguier 0 5 0 IN0014-CA01 TOTAL: 0 5 O 0
Ombre
Type Jeunespoulsses eunesarbres Grand Endrolt
Ombre _ 0 1 0 I1N0014-CHO1 TOTAL:! 0 1 0
4. BIENS AFFECT-S - CONSTRUCTIONS
Type Description No- structure
Abds pour animaux 3.4m longueur,2.7m largeur, 1.7m hauteur, IN0014-CA01-CT01 1 Toit-Paille, 21 Poutrelpoteau-Boisde brousse. 1 Mur-Secko, Chambrea coucher 1.8m hauteur,1 1.8m cjrconfbrence, IN0014-CHOI-CT01 16 Poutre/poteau-Boisde brousse, 1 Mur-BiiqueCrue, 1 Porte-Bois, I Toit-Paille, Maison 1.8m hauteur, 13.4mcirconference. IN0014-CH01-CT02 1 Toit-Paile, 18 Poutre/poteau-Boisde brousse, 1 Mur-BriqueCrue, Maison 4.6m iongueur,3m largeur, 1.5mhauteur, IN0014-CH01-CT03 2.5m hauteur#2, I Mur-Secko, 1 Toit-Paille, 24 Poutrelpoteau-Boisde brousse.
ROW2-R6capitulatif.doc SignatureEEPCI Date Signature GOT Signature du Chef ou Repr6sentant Signature de T6moins Signature Personne Affect&e No. de dossier: IN0014
4. BIENS AFFECTtS - CONSTRUCTIONS
Type Descriptlon No. structure
Grenier/Magasin 1.1m hauteur, 6m circonftrence, IN0014-CH01-CTo4 22 Poutre/poteau-Boisde brousse, 1 Mur-Tige, 1 Toit-Paille,
ROW2-R6capItulatlf.doc Signature EEPCI Date Signature GOT Signature du Chef ou Reprtsentant Signature de Tbmoins Signature PersonneAtfectZe Fichesommaire d6taillee pour le dossier: JN0014
Ditails de la compensationdes champs
Nb de corads Caoncnsaon Type de cultre (Woff" kk"wesa ur&Aw) AMontant (FCFA)
CA01 Vivritre 0.125 44,741 CA02 Vivrire 1250 447,413
sous-tolfd des champs: 492,154
Dt tafls de la compensation des arbres
I w,..Jww.M/1 .,uie I an1M&& .. sn,weiCr'g, cI&, euhvgr.w .hr/
Champ Typed'arbre 1 ',a*UceFJ "" 6 w Ifl53p,m >*. 6 am2a MOnt (lVFA)
IN0014-CA01 Bananier 4 8,000
IN0014-CAo1 Manguier 5 150,000 IN0014-CA02 N rb 1 1 35,000
IN0014-CA02 Kait6 8 2 90,000 IN0014-CHD1 Ombre 1 30,000
sous-tomldes arbres: 313,000
sows-iocaldes champs: 492,154
sousgotmaldes arbres: + 313,000
TOA.L (ARlRRES+ CHAMPS): 855,1S4 ESSO EXPLORATION AND PRODUCTION CHAD INC (EEPCI) Demande ferme de comrensation en Nature
Dossier: IN0014 Village: B.m nr Canton: Bdro
Monmat toral de la compensation: H1 NTT CINOMILLE CENTCTNOUANTE CINO (805155FCFA
Je soussigne, M. P£ELRNGARMichel I exer;ant son choixdc connpcn.ationan nazrc, rcconnaisavoir fait cc jour uncdemande famc des biens ci-dessous
No Descnripti des item,sd catalogue Prix (FCFA) C)auntltF Total (FCFA) 1 Charrue ONDR 61040 P),2 2 Charrue APICA 7u000 3 Velo Rally tout terrain cadre homme 87500 4 VNlo Eastman cadre homme 90500 5 V81o Eastman cadre dame 88600 _ 6 V0lo Peugot cadre homme 87000 _ _ 7 Charrette pneurnatique ONDR 274240 _ . _ 8 Charrette en ter APICA 250000 9 Charrettepneumatique APICA 350000 70 Pousse-pousseb main APICA 90000 11 Pousse-pousse k main Cyctotchad 94S00 __- 12 Machine A coudre 3 main cadre Buttertly 85000 13 Machine ia coudre cadre Buttertly 110000C 14 Moulinsportatits APICAHonda GC140(5,0 650000 chevaux) 15 Moulins portatits HondaGXi6O (5,5 chevaux) 650000 16 MotopompeHonda WP20X 375000 17 Matopompe Honda WP30X 475000 18 Motopompe Yamaha melange deux temps 650000
TOTAL 4 D Le soussigne maandateEsso de passer commande des biens indiquzdsci-dcassus ca s'cngec A nc pas rcnoncor A Cottedcmandc d6s la signaturr dupr6scnt doanncmL
La valeur totale de cesbiens d'un monmantde 1 Q4 D - .. ra d6duitc du. itonLant total de ma campensalnn.
En foi dc quoi la prdscntcpsocuration a dtd dtabliepour servir exvaloir ce que de drmit.
FaiA B6ro 11 , le ,S3d&c=nbre 1998
Pour Esso Expilotion and Production Chad Inc-
Le chef de village ou son repr6sentam
Le chef de canton ou son repr6sentant
- I a=uaptIrc*zxR1 Mi-er J. Mimu.dc 1'1c: du Fir lc. * I cxcrzptaimoriginal Minin6rc da Finwc= a dc Ij'F=nomie ( v± das %it). - I aWIaire eqiamIzMiviVos de 1ei'Yn_z L tL de I'Bau. - I cnipLairc orginil Prf=urv Saus Nr6A4uro. ESSO EXPLORATIONAND PRODUCTION CHAD INC.
No. de dossier: IN0014 No. d'attestation; I
Attestation de paiement de compensation en especes
Je soussigne, M. PEURNGAR Michel, proprietalre/exploltantIoccupantdu terrain identiflt dans iAnnexe, Intitul6e4cFiche R6capitulative des Biens tligibles & la Compensation)ci-Jointe. reconnals avoir reru ce lour et accepte de Esso Explorationand ProductionChad Inc. (EEPCI), en esp6ces, la somme totale de SEFT CENTQUATRE MILLECENT QUINZE (704115) FCFA
Cettesomme represente ma compensatlontotale en espices pourles terrainset tousles dommagessur mes bienspricists dans i'Annexe,occasionnes par EEPCIetlou sessous-traitants dans le cadredu leve topographiqueet de i'occupaton d6finitivedes terrains par EEPCI.
La compensation6ventueile en naturesera specifieedans une attestationde paiementde compensationen nature.
En foi de quoi, cette attestationest etablie en sept (7) exemplalres originauxpour valoir et servir ce que de droit.
Pour Esso Exploration and Production Chad Inc. Fait b Mmroii, le 4j92
Luc DUMAS PEURNGAR Michel Agent Foncier Propri¢taire/ExploitanVOccupant ROWAgent OwnerAUser/Occupler
YallaAGUtNADt ZONGRt LeChef d g ik reprnsentant Superviseur d'Acquisition des Terrains LandAcquisition Supervsor
W\ 9 isU #!~~~eChef,* f0'_otpr rsentant Chiefof Cao.~ers%ative
Le ous-Prdfetou son repr6sentant Sous-Prefet or his representative
Prise d'unephoto au momentcu rtglement? 4U1 (- NON At the time of payrnentwas a phototaken ? YES NO
Doetinatairus: - I exemnplaireoriginal Minist6re des Mines.de rEnergieet du Pkrole. - I exmrnplaireoriginal Ministeredes Financeset de I'Economle(slce des eadastres). - 1 xesmplaireoriginal Minist6rede l'Environnementet de rEau. - I exermplalreoriginal Pr6factureet Sous-Pr4fecturs. - 2 exemplairasoriginaux Esso Expboratiixiand ProductionChad Inc. Table E-12 Numberof MangoTrees Compensated by Village
SCSaplings ]YoungTrees MatureTrees Sous Prefecture Canton Village er 1- er .- 6 er ______1 0-1 year j 1-6 years 6+iyears
Baibokoum CentreUrbain BaTbokoum 32 1 Total 32 0 1 Mbayssaye Ngod 20 Total 0 20 0 Total I_32 20 1
B6bedjia Bero Bero II 3 82 ______XNdaba Dildo 11 _ Total ___ 3 93 0 Totall 3 93 0
Bessao Bessao Bessao 7 .- Total 0 7 0 Total 0 7 0
TOTAL Logone Oriental 35 120 1
Eeng-12.xls Table E-13 Numberof DomesticFruit and Shade TreesCompensated by Village
SousPrefecture Canton Village BananaTree Figava TG reeI PapayaTree I PepperTree RonierTree ShadeTree I______I______Young lAdult Young lAdult Young lAdult Young lAdult Young [Adult Young lAdult _Sappling IYoung TAdult
Baibokoum Baibokoum BaYbokoum 2 _ _
Total _0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Mbayssaye BitofI 48 .______Mbayssaye I _ . ______Ngod _ I -- 3 2 __ . Total 0 48 0 1 3 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0l Total 0 48 0 1 3 2 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
BebedJia IBero Mmer11 41 61 21 3 .______.|Te Ndabar .I Dildo . i~7 .1_~ _ . _ .I .______._ .__ _ i . _ _ . _ 21 _ 2.0 _ Total | 11 6 0 ______0°l 21 2_ °0 °0 3_ 1| °l °l. O. O0l 21 2 ol0 °l 3j 1j Total _ _ t 11i 6_
0 1 1 1 1k Bessao T Bessao fBessao 1 231 01 1 0 1 1 1 1 | | ~~~~~ ~~Totall 231 °l °l °l °l °l °l °l °l °l °l °l °l °l °1 l ~~~Total| 231 ol ol °l ol ol ol °l ol ol ol ol 0 01 01
Gor6 |Timberi |Koundja11 aIII 0 1U _ _ I _ __I II l I______ITotall 0 0o 0o 0 08 ol o ol ol o o Total I 0 0 0 1 ol l 0 0 ol o o
TOTAL LogoneOriental I 4 | C O| .. L1I 34 2 | 0 12 0 |2 2 | | 0 [ | 3 |
Eeng-13.xls Table E-14 Numberof IndividuallyOwned Wild, ProductiveTrees Compensatedby Village
Sous Prefecture Canton Village I Nere | Karite | Ta ranin [ I ~~~I rYoungIAdult IYoungl Adult Youngl AdultI
Baibokoum Centre Urbain Mbou 1 Total 0 1 0 0 0 0 Mbayssaye Bingo 1 ______Bitof I I .______.Mbayssaye _ 1 1 Sakara 1 1 Total 1 2 1 2 0 0 Total F1 3 1 2 0 0
B6bedjia Bero B6ro I 1 1 40 1 Bero II 34 38 252 327 6 9 Dokaidilti 5 1 33 1 Madjo 2 4 7 1 Mbanga 2 2 5 141 Ndaba Dildo 18 19 119 292 3 7 Total 57 65 42 674 9 18 Kome B6gada 3 7 10 Bela I_ _ 1 _2 2 1 Bolobo II 6 6 30 55 Danmadja _ 2 _ Kayaral 1 4 13 Kome _ 2 3 7 .;______Mayongo T 13 13 3 ______Moukassa | 2 3 Total T 9 8 60 99 3 8
Miandoum Ngalaba 1 2 2 _ Totall 1 2 0 2 0 0 Total 67 75 481 775 12 26
Bessao Bessao 1Bekao Ferme 1 | I _ I~~~~~~~B6kao I l11 ______B_kao I T 2 1 4 7 2 I i i~~~~~~ ~ ~~Bembar 61 I______22Bessao 2 5 1 ______Dodang l I . 1 1 |Gamadji 3 1 | 4 Laoukoye Masse ______4 _ | ______| ______IMabi 4, 4 4 S_ _ao ______1______~~Total _ _ _ I__ 101 5 Ill 3514
Eeng-14.xls Table E-14 Numberof IndividuallyOwned Wild, ProductiveTrees Compensatedby Village
Sous Prefecture | Canton | Village | Nere I Karite I Tamarin Is PrefectureCn I V YoungI Adult IYoung I Adult Young I Adult
. ______Gadjibian BegonI 1 1 1 == . 3BegonII 1 Gadjibian _ 1 Kouloulou 1 4 13 Mempon 1 Toura II 1 1 Total 3 1 5 17 0 0 Total 13 6 16 52 1 4
Gore Bekan Bemoulati 3 2 15 16 = = .______Total 3 2 15 16 0 0 Timb6ri B6dia 7 5 21 35 Bida 3 3 42 14 1 3 Kaba 1 1 3 2 Kagopal 2 Kole 2 2 4 20 1
______|Koundja_ 5 1 3 4 1 I______rKoundja11 1 1 5 17 2 3 T______IOuao_ _ 7 8 Total 19 13 85 102 4 7 Total, 22 15i 100 118 4 7
TOTAL Logone Oriental | 103 99 598 | 947 17 1 37
Eeng-14.xIs