A STUDY OF METAPHORICAL REFERENCE IN PEANUT STRIPS IN RELATION TO HEADLINE ARTICLES PUBLISHED IN THE JAKARTA POST AN UNDERGRADUATE THESIS Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Sarjana Sastra in English Letters By SURATININGSIH Student Number: 044214107 ENGLISH LETTERS STUDY PROGRAMME DEPARTMNET OF ENGLISH LETTERS FACULTY OF LETTERS SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY YOGYAKARTA 2009 A STUDY OF METAPHORICAL REFERENCE IN PEANUT STRIPS IN RELATION TO HEADLINE ARTICLES PUBLISHED IN THE JAKARTA POST AN UNDERGRADUATE THESIS Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Sarjana Sastra in English Letters By SURATININGSIH Student Number: 044214107 ENGLISH LETTERS STUDY PROGRAMME DEPARTMNET OF ENGLISH LETTERS FACULTY OF LETTERS SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY YOGYAKARTA 2009 i Your dream is your gold iv For my husband Ståle Angen Rye And my best friends Uke and Senny v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Thank you to everyone who has given me the possibility to achieve the moment when I started to think that everything can be possible if I will. My greatest thanks to Allah SWT for His grace. This thesis would never be written without countless help and supports from wonderful persons. I very much thank Adventina Putranti S.S, M. Hum, my perfect advisor, for her guidance during the writing process and for giving me the opportunity to know about pragmatics and its fun. I also thank Dr. Francis Borgias Alip, M.Pd., M.A, for his comment and critic in order to make my writing even better. I also thank Sanata Dharma University of Yogyakarta and its staffs for every wonderful moment I have got during my study. Thank you to my mother and grandmother who have through their life given me lot of opportunities to learn how life should be. Their words, attitude and behavior have influenced me and cheered me up to keep going on in this life. To my wonderful best friends Uke and Senny, I would say this moment is for the three of us. I want to say thanks to both of you for sharing laugh and tears during this last five years. I send my gratitude to Frank Robert Haugan in the land of Norway for his kindness which made it possible for me to achieve this bachelor’s degree. Thank you for giving me an opportunity to understand the world of literature and linguistics. Without your support, I would never have written this acknowledgements. I also want to thank Ibu Kustati, that is how I call her, and Pak Kasyanto my teachers from high school. You were supporting me and did not let me down when I wanted to give up to learn language. I remembered your words when I should talk in front of my class from SMKN 4 Yogyakarta. “The most important is that you are not afraid to make a mistake, and just speak up!” Those words have meant a lot to me and your spirit to struggle for your goal has inspired me since then. You are wonderful. To my “paijo” Ståle Angen Rye, I would say that there is no word to describe how much you mean to me. Thank you is just not enough. That is probably why it is difficult for me to say that words. Thank you for being there and helping me getting through all of difficult times, for you wonderful heart being very patient with me, and for all of your great support you have given to me. This thesis has taught me a lot much because of you. Thank you to the “dolls” in A “Doll’s House”, “Fashion”, “Trifles”, and “The Flattering Words” for the beautiful moment we have shared together. Finally to everyone, take time to write your thesis! It is just about having fun. Suratiningsih 24. May, Kristiansand, Norway vi CONTENTS TITLE PAGE ………………………………………………………………. i APPROVAL PAGE ………………………………………………………... ii ACCEPTANCE PAGE ……………………………………………………. iii MOTTO PAGE …………………………………………………………...... iv DEDICATION PAGE …………………………………………………....... v ACKNOWLEDGEMENT S .…………………………………………….... vi TABLE OF CONTENTS ………………………………………………….. vii ABSTRACT ……………………………………………………………........ ix ABSTRAK ………………………………………………………………...... x CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION A. Background of the Study ........................................................................ 1 B. Problem Formulation .............................................................................. 5 C. Objectives of the Study .......................................................................... 5 D. Definition of Terms ................................................................................ 5 a. Metaphorical Language ...................................................................... 5 b. Headline Articles ................................................................................ 6 c. Comics ................................................................................................ 7 b. Comic strip ......................................................................................... 7 CHAPTER II THEORETICAL REVIEW A. Review of Related Study ........................................................................ 8 B. Review of Related Theories ................................................................... 9 a. Theory of Communication Concept ................................................... 9 b. Theory of Speech Act and Events ...................................................... 12 c. Theory of Metaphor ............................................................................ 13 d. Theory of Relevance .......................................................................... 14 e. Theory of Linguistic Context ............................................................. 17 f. Theory of socio political influne of comix 18 C. Theoretical Framework .......................................................................... 19 CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY A. Object of the Study ............................................................................... 20 B. Method of the Study .............................................................................. 21 C. Research Procedure ................................................................................ 21 a. Data Collection ................................................................................... 21 b. Data Analysis ..................................................................................... 22 CHAPTER IV ANALYSIS ........................................................................... 25 vii A. Speech Acts Classification, Implied Meaning, and Metaphorical Language ............................................................................................... 24 a. Frieda and Snoopy .............................................................................. 24 b. Charlie Brown and His Baseball Team .............................................. 27 c. Frieda in the Baseball Match .............................................................. 30 d. Charlie Brown and His Speech .......................................................... 33 e. Charlie Brown in the First Day of the Game ...................................... 35 B. Metaphorical Language in Relation to the Headline in The Jakarta Post ......................................................................................................... 38 a. Frieda and Snoopy .............................................................................. 39 b. Charlie Brown and His Baseball Team .............................................. 40 c. Frieda in the Baseball Match .............................................................. 43 d. Charlie Brown and His Speech .......................................................... 45 e. Charlie Brown in the First Day of the Game ...................................... 47 f. Peanut Strips and Actual Events ......................................................... 48 CHAPTER V CONCLUSION ...................................................................... 50 BIBLIOGRAPH ............................................................................................ 53 APPENDIX ..................................................................................................... 54 viii ABSTRACT Suratiningsih. A Study Of Metaphorical Reference In Peanut Strips In Relation To Headline Articles Published In The Jakarta Post. Yogyakarta. Department of English Letters, Faculty of Letters, Sanata Dharma University, 2009. This thesis analyses how comic strips, as a medium of communication, use and maintain metaphorical language and expressions. It is explored how such strips, particularly Peanuts which are published in The Jakarta Post newspaper, can contribute to convey the meaning of headline news of the same newspaper. Following McCloud, comics is considered a medium of communication used to portray social phenomenon as well as being human’s daily language. Out from the above mentioned background, two problems were formulated. The first problem raises the question about what the conversations of Peanuts are about and how the metaphorical languages occur within these conversations. The second problem is related to how metaphorical languages occurring in Peanuts strip convey the meaning of The Jakarta Post’s headline articles. Using the theory of speech acts, as suggested by Yale, the strips conversation were examined to explore what the speaker intends to say. This was done through determining the purpose of the utterances and related it to the idea of the basic shared of knowledge. Thereafter, by using the headline news of the newspaper as the context for the strips conversation, the aim is, based on Goatly’s theory of metaphor, to analyze how Peanuts is related to the issues discussed in the headline