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Geology and Ground-Water Resources Cedar City and Parowan Valleys, Iron County, Utah

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Geology and Ground-Water Resources Cedar City and Parowan Valleys, Iron County, Utah UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR J. A. Krug, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY W. E. Wrather, Director Water-Supply Paper 993 GEOLOGY AND GROUND-WATER RESOURCES OF CEDAR CITY AND PAROWAN VALLEYS, IRON COUNTY, UTAH BY H. E. THOMAS AND G. H. TAYLOR Prepared in cooperation with the STATE OF UTAH E. H. WATSON, STATE ENGINEER UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 1946 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office Washington 25, D. C. 1 1 CONTENTS Abstract................................................................. 1 Introduction............................................................ 4 Location and general features.......................................... 4 Previous investigations................................................ 4 Purpose and scope of the present investigation.......................... 4 Acknowledgments..................................................... 5 Climate................................................................. 5 Physiography........................................................... 9 General features....................................................... 9 Cedar City and Parowan Valleys....................................... 9 High Plateaus and mountains.......................................... 10 Drainage.............................................................. 11 Geology................................................................. 14 Previous geologic investigations........................................ 14 Purpose and scope of geologic work..................................... 17 Stratigraphy.......................................................... 17 General relations................................................ 17 Carboniferous system............................................ 19 Permian series............................................... 19 Kaibab limestone........................................ 19 Triassic system.................................................. 19 Lower Triassic series........................................ 19 Moenkopi formation..................................... 19 Upper Triassic series........................................ 21 Shinarump conglomerate................................. 21 Chinle formation........................................ 22 Jurassic (?) system.............................................. 22 Glen Canyon group.......................................... 22 Navajo sandstone........................................ 23 Jurassic system.................................................. 24 San Rafael group............................................ 24 Cretaceous system............................................... 26 Tertiary system................................................. 28 Eocene series................................................ 28 Wasatch formation...................................... 28 Miocene (?) series........................................... 30 Intrusive andesite....................................... 30 Extrusive acidic rocks................................... 30 Quaternary system.............................................. 31 Pleistocene (?) series........................................ 31 Basalt.................................................. 31 Fanglomerate terrace^................................... 33 Pleistocene and Recent series................................ 35 Lake deposits........................................... 35 Dune sand............................................... 36 Landslide breccias....................................... 36 , Alluvium................................................ 37 Geologic data derived from wells................................. 38 Data from well logs.......................................... 38 Cedar City Valley....................................... 39 Parowan Valley......................................... 45 Data from chemical analyses of water in wells................ 48 Structure.............................................................. 49 Folding......................................................... 49 Warping due to intrusion......................................... 51 in Page Geology Continued. Structure Continued. Faulting........................................................ 51 Hurricane fault zone......................................... 51 Faulted margin of the Markagunt Plateau................ 52 Parowan Valley graben.................................. 53 Red Hills horst.......................................... 54 Enoch graben........................................... 55 Hamiltons Fort horst.................................... 56 Total displacement in the Hurricane fault zone............ 57 Faulting west of the Hurricane fault zone..................... 58 Iron Springs graben...................................... 58 Fault blocks west of Cedar City Valley................... 58 Designation of faults that cross the ground-water basins....... 59 Thrust faults................................................ 60 Tilting due to faulting....................................... 61 Sequence of diastrophic events................................... 62 Pqst-Mespzoic folding and faulting.......'.................... 62 Mid-Tertiary intrusion and warping........................... ,62 Later Tertiary faulting...................................... 62 Quaternary faulting.......................................... 63 Surface water........................................................... 64 Coal Creek............................................................ 65 Available records................................................ 65 Parowan Creek........................................................ 68 Minor streams......................................................... 68 Ground water in Cedar City Valley....................................... 69 General relations...................................................... 69 Water in the valley fill................................................. 70 Fluctuations of ground-water level................................ 72 Causes of fluctuations........................................ 72 Fluctuations related to pumping from wells................... 72 Fluctuations related to discharge from flowing wells........... 76 Fluctuations related to recharge from surface water........... 77 Fluctuations related to evaporation and transpiration......... 79 Minor fluctuations........................................... 82 Long-term fluctuations........................................ 84 Regional normal-pressure surface................................. 86 Records for the period 1936-40............................... 87 Form of the normal-pressure surface, April 1940........... 87 Subdivisions of the ground-water reservoir................ 88 Seasonal changes, 1939................................... 89 Annual changes, 1936-39................................. 91 Recession prior to 1936...................................... 93 Relation to surface-water bodies............................. 94 Piezometric surfaces for confined water in deep aquifers. ........... 96 Artesian-pressure surfaces.................................... 96 Subnormal-pressure surfaces.................................. 97 Sources of ground water.......................................... 98 Seepage from streams........................................ 99 Recharge from irrigation water............................... 100 Penetration of precipitation.................................. 101 Water rising along faults. ..... 9.............................. 101 Movement and disposal of ground water.......................... 102 General relations in Cedar City Valley....................... 102 Movement and disposal in subdivisions of the ground-water reservoir............................................ 102 Coal Creek district...................................... 102 Iron Springs district..................................... 102 Enoch district........................................... 103 Midvalley district....................................... 104 Rush Lake district...................................... 104 Queatchupah district..................................... 105 Hamiltons Fort district.................................. 106 Kanarraville district..................................... 106 Summary............................................... 106 Page Ground water in Cedar City Valley Continued. Water in the valley fill Continued. Chemical constituents of the ground water........................ 106 Chemical analyses........................................... 106 Quality of water for domestic and irrigation use............... 109 Chemical constituents in relation to geology.................. Ill Coal Creek drainage basin............................... 112 Fidlers Creek drainage basin............................. 113 Enoch district........................................... 113 Shurtz Creek drainage basin. ............................ 113 Queatchupah Creek drainage basin....................... 114 Chemical constituents in wells near major faults. ......... 114 Ground-water development............................................. 114 Status of ground-water development, 1940......................... 114 History of development.......................................... 125 Flowing wells................................................... 127 Irrigation wells.................................................. 129 Specific capacity of wells..................................... 135 Possibilities of future development
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