Indo-US Financial Institutions Reform and Expansion Project - Debt Market Component FIRE(D) Project Notes
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Indo-US Financial Institutions Reform and Expansion Project - Debt Market Component FIRE(D) Project Notes Note No. 29 Initiative for Planned and May 2002 Participatory Reconstruction Community participation ensures that development planning meets the needs of stakeholders and obtains their support. Reconstruction planning following disasters also benefits from residents’ input. After the devastating earthquake in Gujarat in January 2001, three non-government organizations based in the affected region, with the support of the FIRE-D project, developed a system to obtain information and reconstruction proposals from diverse stakeholders. This Project Note describes the accomplishments and future plans of the Initiative for Planned and Participatory Reconstruction in the Kutch district of the state of Gujarat. n January 26, 2001, a devastating earthquake thousand salt farmers in Kutch were the most shattered western and central Gujarat where severely affected.1 Some 20,000 cattle deaths were Onearly 20 million people live. Five districts reported, eliminating another important source of were severely impacted, but the worst affected was livelihood. The assessment report concluded that Kutch (also known as Kachchh), where more than the “majority of the reconstruction efforts should be 90 percent of the deaths and 85 percent of the asset undertaken by the affected population themselves.” losses occurred. Four towns—including the district’s The overall recovery strategy was to empower largest, Bhuj—and more than 400 villages were communities and mitigate social impacts. severely hit, destroying lives, infrastructure, buildings, the economy, and livelihoods. The death Three Non-Government Organizations toll was nearly 14,000 and 167,000 were injured. More Join Together to Respond than 1.2 million homes were badly damaged or destroyed, as well as numerous small enterprises, to the Disaster schools, health clinics, rural and urban water systems, and electricity and telecommunications The Environmental Planning Collaborative (EPC) systems. and the City Managers’ Association of Gujarat (CMAG), in partnership with the Kutch Nav Nirman Kutch is a sparsely populated, resource poor region Abhiyan (KNNA), initiated a series of activities in a relatively rich state that is vulnerable to cyclones within days of the earthquake to find solutions to and drought, as well as earthquakes. The 6.9 immediate problems and to start the process of long- magnitude earthquake struck in a second consecutive term recovery. The partners called themselves the drought year. While the greatest asset losses were Earthquake Technical Assistance Cell. They believed in the housing sector, the livelihoods of many families that community-driven reconstruction is key to were also disrupted. A joint assessment by the World recovery programs. Bank and Asian Development Bank a month later 1 Gujarat Earthquake Recovery Program: Assessment Report by The found that 19,000 handicraft artisans and several World Bank and Asian Development Bank (March 2001). Initiative for Planned and Participatory Reconstruction The Environmental Planning Collaborative, a na- (UNDP), and the KNNA eventually recognized that FIRE(D) tional not-for-profit organization established in 1996, they were duplicating efforts. So, they decided to set provides technical support to urban local bodies in up a joint information cell, with EPC, in Bhuj to speed planning and development (http:// up the process of information collection and epc.amd.tripod.com/index.html). Its strengths include dissemination. The four organizations merged their regional planning, management, and mapping tech- independent efforts to create the Kutch Rehabilitation niques. EPC had completed a Regional Development Information Cell (KRIC) and put together a 14- Plan for Kutch working closely with the network of member team including their own professionals, five community organizations described below. National UN Volunteers, and three staff persons. As it evolved, the information center engaged its team to: The City Managers’ Association of Gujarat is an associa- tion of urban local bodies of the state that focuses on • collect information from government institutions, capacity building and modern urban management from NGOs, and from village inhabitants through methods (www.cmag-india.org). CMAG’s strengths are sub-centers relating to clusters of villages; networking, training, and advocacy. Established as a • design formats to organize information coming trust in 1997, it is affiliated with the International City/ in from the field; County Management Association based in the U.S. • develop software to store information in ways to The Kutch Nav Nirman Abhiyan, the Kutch New Building generate reports and answer queries; Movement, is a collective organization of 14 grassroots • prepare GIS (graphical information systems) maps non-government organizations (NGOs) in Kutch on themes; (www.onlinevolunteers.org/relief/kna.htm). It formed DADUPIR after a disastrous cyclone in June 1998 to undertake GROUND relief and rehabilitation work in a coordinated fashion. SA RPAT GATE AL LA’ S The Abhiyan network is active in 350 villages and GHODAR FA LI A MUNDHA SI DI BA VA GOR POLICE H.Q. FA LI A CENTRAL JAIL supports activities ranging from natural resource MALEK FALIA MACHHAR FA LI A BHUJ TALUKA POLI C E PA KHALI FA LI A management to health and micro-credit programs. AR AB FA LI A WA TER STA ND D HATHISTHAN A PAKHALI FA L I A GHODAR O CHOWK R BA IANGWAS MUTTON SE J W AL A MARKET MINYAN NI I T A L MATAM WA DI P SAWAI S Soniwad FA LI A H O RAJGOR VITH A FA L I A MANIAR KHARI The Earthquake Technical Assistance Cell was an FA LI A VA V SO NI VAD TURIA HAJAM SHERI FA LI A KHATRI WA DI CHAKLA BH AN GI emergency response that supported the rescue, relief, HARIJAN VAS JE THI WA DI SHERI ASHAPURA KHATRI VAS TEMPLE DELO KAMAGAR FA LI A and restoration phases after the disaster. The partners LAND RECORD P.W. D. HARIJAN VAS CHITR A FA LI A OFFICE STO R E BH AT IA SHERI RAJGOR FA LI A MOTI HAVELI KHATRI KA NSARA VO R A FA LI A NANA FA LI A FA LI A MALI FA LI A BH ID GAT generated and distributed some base and thematic MALEK SHERI D A R B A R G A D H RAJGOR RAVANI-FALIA PANCH MADHI HAVELI HATDI FA LI A KH ATK I ADI MOTI POSAR PH ALIYA E FA LI A DHAN KH O J A VA V SHERI LOHAR maps of the Kutch, conducted a rapid assessment of PI PLA FA LI A PA VD I DA BAZAR MOCHI FA LI A KH O J A HOLI SHERI AN SHERI KH AK HISA PIR R CHAKLA D PIRO NA DHEBA OAD FA LI A MODH SHERI DEPARA FA LI A FA LI A PIR SWAMINARA YAN CHOWK damages, and facilitated the establishment of an TEMPLE GOPIANI VALA KHAVAS SHERI BH I D CHOWK STREET SA R HARIJAN VAS OLD AF BAZAR KUMB HAR MARKET FA LI A LA KHA PA RESWAR CHOWK LUNGA SHERI FA LI A information management system and communication DHEBA CHOWK AF IN. VA RI FA LI A FA LI A SHERI MANDLIA SHERI BH ID FA LI A VA N DHA RAVI G H EE VA RI FA LI A TA IKIES SHERI SETH I A SHERI network. They also recognized that careful planning RUGNATHJI NO ARO BHANJI SAL AT FA LI A STREET DH ATI A FA LI A VAN I A VAD CHHA CHA HAMI R SAR Hospital SHERI TANK DR. M E H T A R for reconstruction was crucial for long-term recovery. OA D NAGAR C H AKL A SHANCHOR A CHANDON SHERI TALAV FA LI A NAGAR NANA SHERI CHHACHH FA LI A BH ATI KA YA STH FA LI A SHERI SHERI AD andVANI A VADMarket Working with TCG International, LLC, the prime RO D A LI PAD O NANA VOKLA UP NAVYUG DHOSI R SHERI N OAD GERWA DI O contractor for the FIRE-D project, they conceived the WANDI GUVAR CHHACHH NT R CON GRESS SHERI MAHERALI FA LI A BH AWAN I CHOWK S T A T I ER HARIJAN VAS NEW MI HAJAM SH GADH RANG SHERI FA LI A VANIAVAD BHOJA K MAN Initiative for Planned and Participatory Reconstruction SC H OOL HARIJA N FA LI A VA S MAHADEV MAMLATDAR HANU GAT E OFFICE NEW S .T. BU S STA TI ON MUKHA (IPPR) and sought USAID support. USAID funded the KA LYA NRAI TE MPLE. JA Y.SH REE CH TA LK IES C HHATHI BARI PA N WANIA WAD proposal through the FIRE-D project in March 2001. GAT E. HIGH- SC H OOL SC H OOL INDRA Accomplishments and BAJG IR Future Activities The GIS map of Soniwad , within the Walled City of Bhuj, shows the first urban neighborhood where the Initiative tested community participation in defining priority needs and proposing solutions. The accomplishments and future plans of the five components of the IPPR effort are: • computerize all types of information in various 1. Abhiyan Information Centre formats and languages (Gujarati, English, and Kutchi); and The partners set up an earthquake reconstruction • analyze data, compile it in a presentable way, and information center in Bhuj that produced maps and disseminate it so that stakeholders can use it to other data widely used by government agencies, frame recommendations. donors, and voluntary organizations. With IPPR support, EPC provided the information Immediately after the disaster, government agencies manager, designed the GIS-based databases, trained and donors were each developing their own often- volunteers to compile and enter data, and disseminated conflicting information systems. The newly created data in brochures, booklets, and other documents. The Gujarat State Disaster Management Authority information center gathered some data itself and (GSDMA), the United Nations Development Program incorporated data collected by the partners with other May 2002, Note No.