A VIDA ADOLESCENTE LEVADA a SÉRIO: Identidade Teen E Cultura Das Séries

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A VIDA ADOLESCENTE LEVADA a SÉRIO: Identidade Teen E Cultura Das Séries PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL FACULDADE DE COMUNICAÇÃO SOCIAL LÚCIA LONER COUTINHO A VIDA ADOLESCENTE LEVADA A SÉRIO: identidade teen e cultura das séries Porto Alegre 2016 LÚCIA LONER COUTINHO A VIDA ADOLESCENTE LEVADA A SÉRIO: identidade teen e cultura das séries Tese apresentada como requisito para a obtenção do grau de Doutor pelo Programa de Pós-Graduação em Comunicação Social da Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul. Orientador: Dra. Ana Carolina D. Escosteguy Porto Alegre 2016 C896v Coutinho, Lúcia Loner A vida adolescente levada a sério : identidade teen e cultura das séries / Lúcia Loner Coutinho. --- Rio Grande do Sul, 2016. 276 p. Tese (Doutorado em Comunicação Social) Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2016 Orientadora: Ana Carolina D. Escosteguy 1. Jovens -- Dinâmica cultural 2. Jovens -- Identidade 3. LÚCIA LONER COUTINHO A VIDA ADOLESCENTE LEVADA A SÉRIO: identidade teen e cultura das séries Tese apresentada como requisito para a obtenção do grau de Doutor pelo Programa de Pós-Graduação em Comunicação Social da Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul. Aprovada em: ____de__________________de________. BANCA EXAMINADORA: ______________________________________________ Prof. Dr. 1 - Instituição ______________________________________________ Prof. Dr. 2 - Instituição ______________________________________________ Prof. Dr. 3 - Instituição ______________________________________________ Prof. Dr. 4 - Instituição Porto Alegre 2016 AGRADECIMENTOS Escrever esta tese foi um longo processo. Um processo de educação, oportunidades, frustrações e também de autoconhecimento. Ninguém passa tanto tempo pensando em qual é seu lugar no mundo quanto um adolescente, talvez somente um doutorando. Felizmente, embora a reflexão às vezes seja solitária, o caminho do doutorado não é. Por isso meus sinceros agradecimentos a todos que o traçaram comigo. Primeiramente, agradeço à dedicação e à firme orientação da Professora Ana Carolina Escosteguy que sempre me apontou na direção correta. Afinal, quantas pessoas podem chegar ao final de um doutorado e concluir que não têm nada a reclamar de seu orientador? Agradeço também ao Professor Moisés de Lemos Martins da Universidade do Minho, pelo caloroso acolhimento e pelas contribuições. Embora nossas discussões sobre com quem Buffy deveria ficar sejam tão eternas quanto o amor entre Buffy e Angel, agradeço profundamente minha mãe, Beatriz Loner, não somente por me emprestar todo o seu conhecimento acadêmico e sociológico, mas pelo incentivo, colo e carinho. Agradeço também ao meu pai, José Bernardo Coutinho, por sempre incentivar o estudo e o conhecimento, e ensinar que a reflexão é a coisa mais importante. Uma dedicatória especial para minha tia Vilma Loner, pelo monte de coisas que nem sei dizer e sem a qual eu nunca teria chegado aqui. E para a Eleonora e Mariana, minhas irmãs, amigas, inspiração, que carrego para sempre junto. Como tudo que eu sei na vida eu aprendi na TV (exceto pelo que a Profª. Ana Carolina e meus pais me ensinaram) vou deixá-los falar por mim, aos amigos. “Começando juntas, terminando juntas. Como deveria ser.” Glee (Nationals) Para minhas amadas gurias, amigas e colegas Erika Oikawa, Fernanda Lopes de Freitas, Karine Ruy e Sandra Henriques, que passaram por tantas coisas comigo, nos maus momentos e nos bons momentos, e também pelo café, pelas risadas, pelos conselhos, pelo amor. “Que sorte a minha ter algo que faz dizer adeus ser tão difícil.” “E que acadêmico brilhante disse isso?” “O Ursinho Puff” Pretty Little Liars ( Game Over, Charles ) Para todos os amigos, de todas as nacionalidades (ok, a maioria é brasileiro mesmo) que fizeram meus dias em Braga tão especiais. Em especial Cláudia Vaz, Cristiane Parente, Kelly Mesquita, Letícia Sarturi e Matthias Ammann. “É uma pessoa que conhecia você, aceitava você e acreditava em você antes de qualquer outra pessoa. E não importa o que aconteça você sempre irá amar ela, e nada pode mudar isso.” Dawson’s Creek, (... Must come to an end ) Para minhas grandes amigas Bruna Silveira, Camila Kieling e Dafne Pedroso por serem alguns dos seres que mais me fazem sorrir, pela compreensão em poucas palavras, e as vezes pela paciência com as muitas palavras, pelo acolhimento, sempre. “Vocês aqui, de novo? Vocês realmente gostam da biblioteca, não é?” “É, somos literários.” “Ler faz nós falar... bom.” Buffy, the vampire slayer (I robot, you Jane) Para Gabriela Camargo e Luiz Maurício Azevedo, pelas incontáveis discussões, sobre os mais diversos assuntos, pela troca de “experiências de vida”, e pela eterna camaradagem. Agradeço também o apoio financeiro do CNPq, tanto pela bolsa que me possibilitou realizar este doutorado, quanto pela bolsa PDSE que me possibilitou o estágio doutoral na Universidade do Minho. Por fim, gostaria de agradecer principalmente a Buffy, Xander, Willow, mas também ao Dawson, Jen e outros (com exceção da Joey), às meninas de PLL , aos cantores de Glee (mesmo os que não gostava), a Brenda e Brandon (e mesmo a Kelly), a Felicity, às Gilmore Girls e a tantos outros por crescerem comigo, e me fazerem crescer. A coisa mais difícil neste mundo é viver nele. Seja corajosa. Viva. (Buffy Summers, The Gift) Adolescentes nos anos 1960 e 1970 exigiram sua própria contracultura e não aquela de seus pais. Como adultos, agora insistem em impor sua cultura juvenil aos adolescentes do século 21. (...) Apesar da cultura adolescente ser um produto de pressões históricas, tensões políticas, e condições sociais específicas, adultos insistem que sua era particular de cultura adolescente tem um significado atemporal que não apenas definiu sua geração, mas deveria definir todas as outras. (GREENE, 2012, p.22, tradução nossa) RESUMO Este trabalho tem como tema a identidade nos seriados televisivos juvenis norte- americanos conhecidos como Teen Dramas , um gênero narrativo criado na década de 1990 e que acompanha e se adequa às mudanças no mercado televisivo. Tendo como ponto de partida uma perspectiva da cultura da mídia de Kellner (2001), contextualizada à cultura das séries de Marcel Silva (2013) abordamos este gênero narrativo, através de cinco séries selecionadas ( Beverly Hills, 90210, Buffy, the vampire slayer, Dawson’s Creek, Glee e Pretty Little Liars ) a partir das reconfigurações nas práticas narrativas, de circulação e consumo convergente, que deram visibilidade e alçaram os seriados, em seus diversos gêneros, a um espaço relevante dentro da cultura midiática. Sua importância também se ressalta no contexto da mundialização cultural, que propõe Ortiz (2000), marcando através de elementos de consumo cultural um espaço de identificação simbólica que ultrapassa fronteiras. Compreendemos tais produções a junto ao conceito de Mittell (2012-2013) de complexidade narrativa , que busca desvendar como estes elementos tecno-culturais articulam-se na formação dos seriados contemporâneos, com seus processos particulares de produção. Centrando-nos particularmente nas narrativas, analisamos os seriados a partir de sua política de identidades, que determina quais são as identidades adolescentes privilegiadas por este formato televisivo. Analisamos especificamente alguns dos espaços em comum em que estas identidades são articuladas dentro das narrativas: família, escola e nas diversas formas de relacionamento dentro do próprio grupo de jovens (amizade, romance e sexualidade). Através desta análise, identificamos uma abordagem moderada da adolescência, entre a rebeldia e a submissão as regras socioculturais. Aponta-se, na realidade, para um adolescente em constante luta entre a adequação e inadequação à sociedade a sua volta, um jovem reflexivo, sensível e aberto às diferenças. E ao mesmo tempo, refletindo as mudanças nas estruturas familiar e social das últimas décadas. Nossa abordagem a convergência, a estabelece a partir da adaptação das indústrias midiáticas à práticas possibilitadas pelas novas tecnologias de conexão, e como elas têm, na realidade, servido a expansão e marketing de tais textos, sem que, no entanto, deixem de promover novas experiências de consumo e identificação. Palavras-chave : comunicação; narrativa seriada televisiva; identidade juvenil; cultura da mídia; cultura das séries. ABSTRACT This thesis theme is identity in USA teen television series, known as Teen Dramas, a narrative genre created in the 90's that follows and suits itself to the changes in the television market. From Kellner's (2001) perspective of media culture, contextualized through Marcel Silva’s (2013) series culture, this work approaches this narrative genre, through five selected series (Beverly Hills, 90210, Buffy, the vampire slayer, Dawson’s Creek, Glee e Pretty Little Liars) from the changes in the narrative practices, of circulation and converging consumption, that gave visibility and brought TV series, in their diverse genres, to a relevant space inside media culture. Its importance is also highlighted by Ortiz’s (2000) cultural globalization, bringing, from elements of cultural consumption, a space for symbolic identification that goes beyond borders. Viewing such productions together with Mitell's concept of narrative complexity (2012-2013), that tries to analyze how these techno-cultural elements articulate to form contemporary series, with its particular production processes. Focusing especially in the narratives, we analyze the series through an identity politics, that determines which are the teenage identities privileged in this television format. We also analyze
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