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The tudeE Magazine: 1883-1957 John R. Dover Memorial Library
1900 Volume 18, Number 12 (December 1900) Winton J. Baltzell
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Recommended Citation Baltzell, Winton J.. "Volume 18, Number 12 (December 1900)." , (1900). https://digitalcommons.gardner-webb.edu/etude/19
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publisher|gipaiteas^a.^coiia^a. ;3 WBTH FIFTEEN CENTS SUPPLEMENT THE ETUDE 425
T fl E E T U D kavszts lezfsoh GUSTAV EII.L1
INSTRUCTIVE CONTENTS WE A. POND & CO. IlsEEFSON.HIlsLE Novelties in Piano Music Music Publishers, THE ETUDE. DECEMBER, 1900. “Fleurs Fanebs" 60 cents Violin anfc flMano DOLMETSCH 60 cents Dealers and Importers ELGAR. E. “Serenade Lyriqub" Conservatory of Music ••Menubt” 60 cents rent FERRARI. G. 60 cents Editorial Notes,. FRUGATA, G. ••Etude Melodiqub’’ 124 Fifth Avenue, New York 420 “Perpetuum Mobile” 75 cents Is Wagner Wearisome? j. $. Van ('ten “Gracibusb” SO cents Collections A thorough education in Mnsic. Orchestra, 4»i G1LLET. E. 60 cents Musical Items.1 “Mes Chers Souvenirs’ Harmony, Ensemble, and Symphony Class 431 •• Dix Valssttes ” 1.00 net PUBLISHED BY Thoughts, Suggestions, Advice, ... 1MBODEN. W. 60 cents ANY OF THE FOLLOWING SENT POSTPAID ON RECEIPT OF ttiwtn 43* I - MATTEI “Dans les Nuaobs• PRICE. COMPLETE CATALOGUES SENT FREE ON APPLlCATUiV free to all students of the school. Send for Children’s Page. Thomas Tapper, •Nocturne Rhapsodioue’ 60 cents MOORE. G. P. 80 cents TO RESPONSIBLE TEACHERS WE WILL SEND ON EXaAINa Catalogue to the Secretary, Weightman Violin De|»rtment. George Uhmann, *33 School and College of Music. S?'SiXiS!. NAVIL.C. “ Mbnuet” J. FISCHER & BRO., 7 “Sf-?°£.SE TION ANY OF OUR PUBLICATIONS AT SPECIAL PRICES "Pastels Louis XV" 60 cents Review of New Publications,. 435 *» ■-**-. • SS Ho., th. *a* VALETTE. P. 60 cents MAIL ORDERS SOLICITED AND FILLED TO ALL Building, 1524 Chestnut Street, VIED. JANE “Minuetto” •PARTS OF THE COUNTRY. The Romantic Story of Wagner’s Life. HenryT. “Chanson du Matin' 60 cents Finch,. 4 J, *^siiLteZuu*, fhoslf- Mt «* “Marquis Bergers" 60 cents PHILADELPHIA, PA 60 cents WACHS. P. "BONSOIRr1 Suggestions for Wagner Study. H. F. Krrhbiel, ! 438 •AMUKl H. BLAaiSLl*. Of an, "Doux Babil" 60 cents Wagner and Operatic Reform. Louie C. Elton. co 60 cents 439 . “ Va-Bon-Train" VALUABLE TEXT BOOKS. HORACE P. DIBBLE, Present State of the Wagner Question. IF. 8 B. TEACHER OF THE ART OF SINGING. Mathews,. 440 Wagueriana,.j [ \ ’ ' | j Novelties in Violin and Pianoforte Mnsic THE Y0UN0 ARTISTS Transcriptions for Singers prepared for church, concert, and oratorio engagements 441 -======Two Violins and For Terms, address—3631 Olive Street. The Literature of Wagner F. if. Marling, \ [ [ The Associate School of Music Each 60 cents 442 STANFORD, C. V.-Six Irish Fantasias The Modern School of Piano Technics ( Wagner’s Influence on Piano Composition. Emil No. 1. CAOlNl (A Lament) No. 4. War Song Piano (Second Violin ad libitum) in first position. ST. LOUIS, M0. No. 2. Boat Song No. o. Hush Song Bt ALOIS F*. I.KJEAIn Liebling,. 443 Reel is what its iuom implies—the co¬ No. S. JIG. No. 8. It is the most systematic, practical and exhaustive work of Its Outline Sketch of Richnrd Wagner’s Life, . . , . 443 Each 60 cents HENLEY. W.-Ninb Short Pieces Vol. 1. Transcribed by Victor Hammerel kind ever published, comprising, as It does, all the means neces¬ The Wagner Craxe. Old Fogy, .. operation of eminent Specialists to Berceuse 444 No. 1. L ETS No. 8 sary to insure a perfect mastery of the instrument. The .ntire J *£ Wagner’s Harmonic Methods. .4. J. Goodrich, . . 445 No. 2. I.E Printemps No. 7. Souvenir CONTENTS New England work comprises 150 engraved quarto plates, and Is issued indel¬ How to Meet the New in A rt. C. eon Sternberg, . the end of affording a perfect No. 8. L'AUTOMMB No. H. Mbnuetto ible cloth binding. Printed from stone. j 446 MARCH WITH UNCLE SAM. American Potpourri, No. I. Intro¬ No. 4. Reverie No. 0. It has been the aim of the author to make this work as com¬ Conservatory of Music Outline Sketch of Wagner’s Operas. F. 8. Law, . 447 system of training for students No 5. MtLouie ducing Hail Columbia, Red, plete as patient research and careful study could make it, omtainj 1 Popularization of Wagner’s Mnsic. IF. J. Hender¬ HENLEY. W.—Chansons Russes. Caprice Brillant White and Blue, and My Country nothing which could serve to promote mechanical proficiency. t son, . 446 With separate Violin Part <• Everv chapter treats of a distinct class of exercises and Is ar¬ GEORGE W. CHADWICK, Musical Director * and teachers. No. 1. Original No. 2. Simplified •i •• •* American Potpourri, No. 2. Intro¬ ranged In progressive order. Esthetic Value of Wagner’s Works. H. A. Clarke, 449 The True Spirit of Advanced Study. H. C. laker HENLEY. W —Star of Bethlehem (The) (Stephen Adams) ducing Star Spangled Banner PRICE, Part One, $2.00. Part Two, $1.50. Part Three, $1.50. 449 SPECIAL COURSES in Voice, Theory 60 cents and Yankee Doodle. Organ and Choir. E. E. Trurlle, ...... 45(1 60 cents LIBERAL DISCOUNT TO TRADE AND TKACH BIB LIDDLE. S.-Romance Woman’s Work in Mnsic. Fanny Morris Smith, , 452 NACHEZ. T.-EleGy CHRISTMAS EVE. Introducing favorite Christmas and Sight Singing j* Piano, Organ and 60 cents Vocal Department II. IF. Greene,. 454 Adapted from LidJIe’s Violoncello Solo Carols.L. Kros STERN. L.-Reve D UN Berger 60 cents Publisher’s Notes,. 457 Violin >j*.*j*> A copy of 1900 prospectus WILLIAMS. J.—The Lost Chord (Arthur Sullivan) GAVOTTE.Th. Herrmann Home Notes,. 60 cents THE SCALES, and How to Practise Them 456 Arranged tor two violins Teachers’ Round Table,. 459 mailed on request. THEME AND VARIATIONS.H. Sitt Br A. M. PT7PIN. AddMs FREYSCHUTZ.C. M. von Weber This work is the experience of many years in teaching, tnl POLONAISE.M. Hanisch has been written in the hope of lessening the drudeery of Imparl¬ ing and acquiring a knowledge of the Scales, by making; the Study MUSIC H. W. GREENE, President JUST PUBLISHED EDELWEISS (Tyrolienne).M. Hanisch of them mTERESTifta. , . , • raica is meet roan The correct and rapid execution of the Scales is the funda¬ THE LEADING CONSERVATORY IN AMERICA Wagner Fantasie, arr. by H. F.ngrlmann.|0.4<> FANTASIE ON TWO SCOTCH SONGS (Annie Laurie and mental necessity in Piano playing, and any work that assists In 459 Fifth Avenue New York Auld Lang Syne). establishing the correct principles is invaluable to both teacher Vienna Waltz. L. Schytte,. .60 Provides unequaled advantages for the study of Music, Pianc and pupil. 0 Thou Sublime Sweet Evening Star. Four Hands. CINQUANTAINE.Gabriel Tuning, and Elocution. Excellent Normal courses for TEACHERS. Wagner.SB Every Student, Teacher, and PRICE: Boards, 30 cents ; Cloth, 40 cents. Special Midsummer term from July to September. SIMPLE AVEU.PR. Thome Spinning Song. Wagner-Spindler,. J50 LI BIHAT. DJ8CODJ4T TO TH AD* A 2*0 «*AC«B« For illustrated prospectus, address Little Archers. J. Trill,.30 i FANTASIE ON AM. COLLEGE SONGS ... V. Hammerel A Faulty Tcchmc Professional Singer should read FRANK W. HALE, General Manager The Daisy. Elite Zemiclow,...30 SPRING MORNING.P. Lacombe Th# prim* C4 of lr.- Franklin Square, Boston, Mass. Only Forget. G. Villa,.50 arti»ttcH isiane) I (toytttf i% S. B. MILLS Recollections of Home The Heavenly Song. H. Gray,.. . .35 th* natural rmuiaf fluky Valse Humoristiqne. I.. Ringuri,.40 •IrnunUfy tediakaJ tn- The celebrated Caprice “RECOLLECTIONS OF HOME" itnktiwi Vol. II. Transcribed by John Wlegand by S. B. Mills, introducing a charming Scotch meioiy, SIMS REEVES “CHARLIE IS MY DARLING." and winding up with Hunt CONTENTS PHILADELPHIA’S LEADING MUSICAL COLLEGE SWEET HOME," has just been transcribed f0,r,'h' TESTIMONIAL BLUE BELLS OF SCOTUND. G. Reynolds. It is a very brilliant, yet organ-like piece toe The ON OLD FOLKS AT HOME. cert purposes, and we feel confident that good organic BERLIN, iSth June. igoo. ROBIN ADAIR. FORSAKEN. glad to include it in their repertoire. Sternberg” Broad St. Conservatory «f Music I have pleasure in stating that I have a THE OLD OAKEN BUCKET. Price, $1.25. Liberal Discount. number of Virgil Practice Claviers in use MY OLD KENTUCKY HOME. THE CRUISKEEN LAWN. I329-J33J So. Broad Str«t in the Stern Conservatoire. I have known the Virgil Practice Clavier The Art of Singing THE HARP THAT ONCE THRO' SWEET AND LOW. Private and Clara Inatrsrttoa :■ all since the year 18,7. and have had frequent TARA'S HALL Raymond's Cabinet Organ Instructor School of Music HOME, SWEET HOME. branch** by a Faculty of Sfty-Two Art¬ opportunity of learning to appreciate the A practical and sensible method for the study of music, THE MINSTREL BOY. ist Teacher*. Including GlialvT Bav- estraurdlnary advantage-* of this instrument, MASSA’S IN THE COLD how to play the instrument. Philadelphia: IT20 Chestnut St. solds Cottas, Hugh A Ci ***«. Man. and the Method belonging to it. There is This work contains many valuable ST. PATRICK’S DAY. Bt LOUIS RAYMOND GROUND. Constantin von Sternberg, Doc., and HsstrV SchbaMSck. no question thit fhe use of the Virgil Prac¬ The element »ry part is particularly free from *TIS THE UST ROSE OF tice Clavier will soon become indispensable hints from the late celebrated Artist, THE TWO ROSES. and hence readily understood. The organ P,ec*?fi r*s Principal. SUMMER. ciously selected, and progressively arranged and * ■ Miss Mary Rollins Murphy, SPECIALTIES to Pianists in their study, and for purposes also a few examples of his phrasing, Two Violins and Piano, PRICE, IN BOARDS, $1.50. Special Price to Teacher*. Business Manager. Virgil Practice Clavhr Mir try.- I of instruction. Price per volume One Violin and Piano, Elocutioi, amo Dramatic art GUSTAV HOLLAENDER etc., of songs made famous by his Separate Violin part, • Public Scmool Mlsic a*d it* Sl- Session 1899-1900 opens September 25th. FUR VISION Royal Professor, Dtrestor of the singing of them. .* c* J* FOR THE LITTLE FOLKS Complete musical education in ALL branches. Fletchrb Mlsic Mrtmou, Simflax Stem Conservatoire of Mnsie. AND KlMDRRGAirriN Little Lays for Lada and Send for illustrated catalogue. SACRED SOLOS Piano Tlhino Twenty songs that delight the hearts of the little fote^ Mention this paper. Modern Languags* PRICE, 40 CENTS The Church Soloist. THE CLAVIER COMPANY JUST WHAT IS NEEDED FOR THB NUH»Kr Ralston Phymcal Cultlrr Gilbert RaynoldsCombj Normal Traikiso Cootrst* A collection of Sacred Solos by Dubois, Br WADE WHIFFLE ft,*!! PIANO SCHOOL Rousseau, Hammerel, Wiegand, Dethier, /litre tor ResiDEKCf DseaRTMtsT roa Yovnto Fifty Solfeggi. *. Batiste, etc. This little visitor needs no apolo^y for «* “I&.EdaJ lllurtrafed Catalogue FREE Ladies mission is lo find the homes where harmony is of child ' Umrarallsicd ADvasraois Vol. I. pot* Soprano op Tenor, . $1.25 net by its merry notes, set to the simfie *>>CC bounteous turves1 * Mention Etude By F. PAOLI TOSTI the sowing of seeds that will insure a Vol. II. *• Alto or Baritone, $1.25 net cheerfulness. , Clift A. K. VIRGIL These fifty Solfeggi have been written by Signor ; QUSTAV L. BECKER Tosti specially for the Middle Registered the voice Price by mail, postpaid. Boards, 75c.; iwvikto« Of rm ctAvi*» I.IMPS a 1- DlSt Ul NT XO TRADE AND Concert Vianiat. Ccacher. A*D Avmo* Of and are therefore, equally suitable for all voices. CLAVUI* ««THOO. They will be found most useful studies, and so ; ORGAN MUSIC “ Technic should la- an s/firim! Compoeer mmtts to an artisJtc end.’’ melodious in character as to be practically songs with¬ Select Voluntaries NEW CHRISTMAS MUSIC out words. Send for circular with pm» notice* » DIRECTOR IN TWO BOOKS By Renowned French Authors. Compiled Warren, Geo. William. “Th* Song of S^vafion ^Chr^. 3 I West 104tH Street. - - New York Citv by G. Burton. Anthem for mezro sopr^ano or^bar^ ^ ChrjstolS More „ Each Book, ------$j.00 und fo«
T E ETUDE 426 ™E PUBLISHER 0F THE ETUDE CAN SUPPLY ANYTHING IN MUSIC. L
^Kwwwiwicd Km)urqa*di4\ J(i4hc4
INSTRUCTION ^^ ^Y^i^eeT^TIRELV EXHAUSTED, owing to the THE FIRST EDITION of the Met“d a NEW, IMPROVED, AND GREATLY rapidly u.creas.ngde..ulmlt.rUD EDmoN ^ now alKuit to issue from the press.
ci * - ■ children The authoress has taught a musical kindergarten..VC«I for many years,9, YOU ARE REMINDED that this Method .nay be acquired advan- during which she has composed songs, invented games, and constructed ... . - — f »1ia rouf .... anuaratus too numerous aud varied to mention or describe; and of the* onlv the most valuable have been returned. Everything that was dull, ZssSSS&Sjz 5 cumbersome, ineffective, or unchildlike lias been abandoned, and what remains has been tested through and through, and its value proved beyond ’'“you1'can ^‘ttriVtaSStad iS to SmSm with a class the Shadow of a doubt. There is nothing in it that is not agreeable and and YosImAiet^uiry that ^i^wwotisbi^,Ct>He**Xeacliersv**'hJDmualre entertaining IT IS NOT BUILT ON MERE THEORIES. It is not hdvLmt^rv'tn^mdel^s^'tlitU ^fteT a'd’ayorlGv^ff^ttidvMh^Ppcimr the inspiration of a day. It is, on the contrary, the CREAM OF FIVE YEARS OF SPECIAL EFFORT, and the fruit of many other years of toil and study. The results speak for themselves. ■aaiBS'SSMia^:^ THE MANUAL will enable any teacher of music to carry a kinder¬ garten class through 120 lessons. MUSIC TEACHERS OF ALL GRADES should investigate this work ADVANCED TEACHERS will prolit largely by establishing ao kindergartens in charge of an assistant or partner, thus creating a prepara- torv deuartment which will act as a feeder to the advanced classes. The VOL. XVIII. advantages of the Method to YOUNG TEACHERS is obvioua. PHILADELPHIA, PA., DECEMBER, 1900. ■aSSaSSHSssBisrsaissctual'Vtudyof the needs, preferences, character, and even tue wmm o, . r,. ■ pjccu Avp Now Vorlr NO. 12. lt athfdimf riirrOWES, B i?02 Presbyterian Bldg., Fifth Ave., New \ork. KATHERINb BUKKUVV D .J Western Address-618 Second Ave., Detroit, Mich. or gravity in tones; that is, to carry a tune; third, SEND roua 100BE33, AND * BEAUTIFULLY ILLUSTRATED SOUVENIR SOOELET WILL BE MAILED F_ _ — - w ho feels that he is able for a better field, the student one must have a heart capable of vibrating to emo¬ Teachers’Course in Musical Kindergarten ©HE CTUDE. who can see no progress, should all remember that tional impressions. It is foolish to talk of being musi¬ DKINSON MUSICAL KINDERGARTEN SYSTEM INSTRUCTION BY MAIL. * poatbly Publleatlon ton the Tsashers mai the way out may be a window, so small that it will RESIDENT PUPILS RECEIVED AT cal if you cannot do these things. Vet there is a cer¬ Already introduced into twenty-three States and Studeats ol Waslo. let in only a ray of light and hope. Look for the Territories of the Union, and into Canada. tain vague enjoyment of artistic sounds which is not window, then, and set to work, manfully and cou¬ LIVONIA MUSIC SCHOOL. to be despised, and, still, is not sufficiently persuasive Subscription Kates, $1.50 per year (payable in advance). Improved Edition. Price reduced to $2.00 Address for Terms—with stamp, rageously, to enlarge it so that you may go out into a Two Subscriptions or two years in advance,. . . $1.35 each. and dominant to give you a claim to be called a Inquire of M. E. ADKINSON, Jefferson. Iowa Three Subscriptions or thr< years in advance, . 1.30 each larger field. Mrs. E. S. Burns, angle Copy.. cnu. musical person. • • • Foreign Postage,.n cents. Vice Pres. N. Y. S. M. T. A. Livonia, N. Y. I et, think of it, one pianist is a master of giant Correspondence Lessons in Success is what we are all seeking in one way or THIS SYSTEM IS COVERED BY COPYRIGHT. mechanism, yet has almost no heart, so that his music L another. Success cannot come except as a result of KINDERGARTEN } W DISCONTINUANCE.—If you wish the Journal stopped, aj is cold, and he builds before us only dazzling icebergs axpllcit notice must be sent us by letter, otherwise it will action. But the man who acta without thought, with¬ of tone at which we may gaze astonished, but where MUSIC for teachers be continued. All arrearages must be paid out careful thought, cannot expect to win. The man Musical Kindergarten we would never think of building our home and habi¬ For information and circulars please address, «* RENEWAL.—No receipt Is sent for renewals On the of routine is one who thinks bat little, and rarely for \ FOR THE PIANOFORTE. tation. Then there is another, who lias but a moder¬ wrapper of the next issue sent you will be printed the data the future. The man who thinka and seldom acta is to which your subscription Is paid up, which serves as a ate technic, yet he touches us to tears, and thrills u» Miss J. A. JONES, By FANNIE CHURCH PARSONS. the theorizer, the idle dreamer, one of those recognized receipt for your subscription with the sunny warmth of a blissful emotion. One STEINERT HALL, BOSTON, MASS. This system is most simple in out¬ “failures” to be found in every community. line and material. THEODORE PRESSER, succeeds in fugues; another in the classic sonata; It is most comprehensive aud Therefore we should set before ourselves the problem ■708 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, Fa complete. another in the fireworks 01 the Liszt and Thalberg of securing harmony of thought and action as our Mrs. Annie Lyman Palme. It is essentially a tone system school; another in the declamatory and passionate teaching the’children how to Entered at Philadelphia P. O. as Second-class Matter. scheme for winning success. Our thought is stiniu Teacher of Piano and Author of the Music Fain write music “by ear.” style of the extreme modems. The materials used are, while very COPTSISHTKD 1900, THBODOSZ PaBSSKX, lated in many ways; hence we must be in touch with land, a Kindergarten Piano Method of acknowledge! durable, most suggestive of the If you enjoy J. S. Each supremely it is a good sign, the world of progresa And having our thought, our beauty of the art of music. but do not be, therefore, e musical prig; there are merit. Normal work a specialty. Lessons given b. The lessons are equally instruc¬ plan of action, we must be ready to set, and firm to tive to either child or adult other composers besides Bach. If Schumann is anti¬ mail. Music sometimes seems to be life itself, for it is a labor. The music-teacher has every justification to beginner. pathetic to you, try to learn to enjoy him, but if you FINE ARTS The students do much real piano means of superb mental discipline, and in its higher view himself as a necessary and a valuable factor in IRtnfcergarten fiMtsic ButlMng. work, thus no intermediate regions presents a material for intellectual stimulus cannot, do not despise yourself. If Chopin is too sad BUILDING course is necessary. . . »pn.i the life of his community, and he should be content Zbc Science of iBusfc for Cbilbren. The stories and songs do not savor of the grotesque, but second to nothing. It is a means of healthfully exer¬ and subtile for you, then take to Mendelssohn and be with nothing Iras. In many cases the public is apt to The Original System of Kindergarten Music in the United States. to refinement and culture. # t Chicago ------HI The price for normal work, including materials, is witnin cising and strengthening th body; it is a refined and, happy, and we will not despise you. Few, indeed, are look upon ths musician as one to be used, to follow, Also Music Building at the Pianoforte. the reach of all. „ . . ,nlr.,r+nr m those whose talent is so complete a circle that they Normal Classes. Correspondence Classes. You can take the work by mail, or of a normal instructor, or taken for all in all, a remunerative means of earning never to point the way. Now let him resolve to be Coppespotid^DOd Iiesson* NINA K. DARLINGTON, of Mrs. Parsons personally. a livelihood; it is a means of lifting the soul to its can deliver music at all points of the compass, and do among the leaders, those who make. IN Author and Originator New England Conservatory of Music. C01-rrespon ondence Musical Kindergarten Company, Bach, Chopin, Beethoven, Liszt, Schumann, Brahms. should be addressed to „ _ , ... h highest religious ecstasies; it is a source of the most • • • Studio: 1069 Boylston Street, Boston. Office, 6 W. Chicago St., Quincy, Mich. Weber, and Tsehaikowskv with equal authority. and humanizing and ameliorating influences in society; Now that the presidential election is over and the HARMONY COUNTERPOINT. Studio, 510 Handed Hall, Chicago, III. • • • and it is also a genuine and most effective means of issue decided, the great leaders in affairs all seem to By NEWELL L. WILBUR, In this, the closing month of the year, we can well securing recreation. expect a season of prosperity beyond any that our Fellow American College of Musicians. afford to take time to look back on the work of the Music has a right to be 0 recreation, a fact which country has hitherto experienced. In such case the Butler Exchange, Room 513. Providence, R. I. FLETCHER MUSIC METHOD year, as regards ourselves, and upon the progress made "e earnest art-workers, in our strenuous efforts to interests of members of our profession art sure to be by our own communities and the country in general. and make the inertia of the general world give way to our advanced greatly; for with increased public wealth SIMPLEX KINDERGARTEN If the year now so near its end has been properly used, white-hot zeal, are sometimes prone to overlook. and general prosperity comes the desire for more -Iugh A. Clarke ^223% 7T-rHE aim of the method is to eliminate the drudgery of the study of m“?jc ^0d so far as refers to the opportunities it has offered, we L\j. a fundamental,fundamental systematicsvstematie an.’and logical musical cuuuiuuueducation in a thorougn, r ^, oovrer Take, for instance, that wonderful and unique litera¬ liberal cultivation of the arts, and the music props MUS. DOC. pleasurable way; and so make it possible for music to exercise her tare - should be able to note progress, in ourselves, in vari South 38th Street of development. The system was originated by Evelyn Ashton Fletcher, and t svsteni ture, the Gilbert and Sullivan operas. While there ganda that has been so persistent of late years has ous wavs, in all around us. The world must go for¬ LESSONS Philadelphia are a few of the many endorsers and partial list of the conservatories in wmen j are many varied kinds of value in them, the innocent accomplished something. The public has learned that has been adopted: . — ward; its march is onward. We must go with it or University of the State of New York. laughter and the genial sentiment which they arouse music plays sn important part in the general welfare, BY MAIL IN HARMONY, COUNTERPOINT, AN Dr. Wm. Mason, New York. Institute of Applied Music, New Y- Met- fall hopelessly behind. Departmeuts : Metropolitan College o *rican’insti' are most excellent medicines to the jaded mind, and and the various musical organizations in different . COMPOSITION Wm. Tomlins, Chicago. Therefore as we 9tand on the threshold of a new Mrs. John Vance Cheney. ropolitan Conservatory of Music, A School, cannot be surpassed as a restorative. Then, again, a sections of the country, that are administered in a Dr. Hugo Riemann, Leipsic. tute of Normal Methods, Synthetic Pia century let us consider earefully how we can make Singars prepared for church Madame Hopekirk, Boston. Fletcher Music Method School. comic song, if it be not joined to a text either coarse, business-like manner, are being better supported than position* or concert engage¬ Thomas Tapper. American Conservatory, Chicago. our aims higher: our work more practical; hence silly, or mawkish, is a good thing in moderation and before. Therefore it seems to us that we can, with rhe Crane ments. A thorough course in Philip Sousa. Gottschalk Lyric School. Chicago. more useful; our outlook more general, and our cult¬ Harmonr, Acoustics, Analysis, Dr. Wm. Cummings, London, Eng. Mrs. John Vance Cheney School, Chicag • in its place. What a sign of advancement in civiliza¬ good reason, look forward to a prosperous season, and formal Institute History,pedagogy, Sight Sing¬ Franklin Taylor, Detroit Conservatory. and ethers. ure more liberal. It is by means of our own elevation ing, Ear Training, Choral Con¬ Kate S. Chittenden, New York. Broad St. Conservatory, Philadelphia, j tion it would be if our business men thronged the such we hope will be the experience of every reader ducting, and Physical Culture. Dr. Gerrit Smith, New York, and others. Also in the eleven leadleading conservatories o that we shall make the world better for our haring >f% fllusic-—“• of The Etude. leges of music in Canada. ^ concert-room and the wholesome opera to relax the • 'special COURSE fop supervisors or music. been in it, and there is no higher aim that we can • • • There are already over 250 teachers of the system, but the demand is greatly increasing. Miss fierce strain of the day and unbend the overstrained keep before ourselves. The man or woman who stead ,r circa Iats wpply to MISS JUUA E. CRANE, Potsdam, N. Y years in Europe and has already successfully introduced her system in the European centres, Leipsic, Berlin ctetcher are “ ... _ ---J .1 -T-1 i-.CT_. _ _ e _1... :„,.onfpd hv JUS3 L*1-1 Va will! festlv works at self-discipline and self-elevation in Richard Wagner U easily the greatest fact in the * • # heart, mind, and daily work is a force in a community, history of music Of modern timet, and no one can •ffaarmons, Counterpoint, Canon, _ _ . ------3 only obtainable with the apparatus, of instruction. For information and circulars with letters of endorsement, please address A singer lately said to the writer of her sister who and a force that is bound to win success. form an accurate conception of what music is and fugue, etc., Correspondence had just been married: “She has absolutely no music may be who does not give careful study to this com New We cannot make our pupils earnest, thoughtful, and For terms and particulars write to MISS EVELYN ASHTON FLETCHER, - - - i 125 Madison Ave., York in her; even at the wedding ceremony she could not attentive unless we give them, day after day. the poser. We have brought together in tbis iseue a num¬ S. H. PETERS, Mas. Doc. (by examination), Or Mrs. E. A. Sturgeon, 5155 Cornell Ave., Chicago, or to the Corresponding Secretary of the Fletcher Music^ keep time with the ‘Wedding March.’ ” ber of articles on various idea* connected witb We* Cwwn Collage Conservator, of Hotic. SPARTANBURG, t. C. example. _ Association, Miss LaB. Brown, the Nightingale, Dudley St., Roxbury, Boston. This aroused the question how to know whether one * • • ner’s life and works at a mean* to help our readers in their study of this great factor in our present day is musical or not. There are many ways in which to be There is a beautiful Italian proverb, “When God DR. music. A careful reading of these studies in the life r HANCHFTT Studio: Fifth Ave,-New York oston Musical Bureffl musical, and there are also many degrees in each kind shuts a door, he openB a w indow.” It tells its message HENRY G. X LI U I ■ «* X 1 MONDAYS and THURSDAYS of Richard Wagner will afford s sound basis for the °f talent Thus, generally speaking, to be accounted to the one who reads, a message of hope even when B MANAGED BY HENRY C. LAHEE correct appreciation which every true mash-tan should musical in one’s nature one must first be able to per Pianist: Teacher : Lecturer : Director of... The Adelphi School of Mustral Art Formerly Secretary of the New England Conservatory all seems dark, when every way seems closed agamri ceive the symmetrical subdivisions of time: second, to desire, neither blind partisanship nor unreasoning 218 TREMONT STREET. BOSTONI , The teacher who thinks his work unappreciated. A DEPARTMENT OP ADELPHI COLLEGE. BROOKLYN, N. v. The only Teachers' Agencv devoted exclusively j catch with the ear the relative degrees of acuteness Elementary, Professional and Theoretical Courses Pupils Admitted at any Time branches—Music, Oratory, Physical Culture. e Circular. m 430 * THE etude THE ETUDE 431
gaining a greater and more complete knowledge of the diced to open the windows of their souls, or are so prejudice. Wagner does not need the one, and the cramped in opportunity that they cannot study Wac i’hiiipp Spitta, historian and biugtapher of J, H. Bach, details connected with his profession. But as the latter has been lived down, let us hope. nerism, must remain forever excluded from one of the 1841; Cari Maria voa Weber, German oprrs eouipuser * • • capitalist who wants returns does not lock up his of first rank, one of the great names of music, 1780, money in a vault, so the musician, in his pursuit of most potent, ravishing, and heart-searching 0f de¬ A constant demand in financial circles is for good noston Symphony Orchestra, and arranging for their the knowledge he deems necessary, must not allow lights which ever came dow n to coinfort and elevate sale to music students at a low price. investments. Young men and women about to com¬ himself to be transformed into a mere book-worm who mankind. mence au independent career also seek one that will A number of changes are announced in the Bay As to a prescription of a cure, that is a topic so SIR ARTHUR SEYMOUR SULLIVAN, yield satisfactory returns. And when they have thus experiences his greatest delight in the mere gaining oi reuth season next year. “The Hying Dutchman” will large that the only way to treat it here is to pack invested, as it were, by choosing a career and then knowledge. The aim of the musician should be, not A San Francisco paper announces the organization be given, two very realistic ships being new adjunct, possession, but use; the end not theoretic, but prac¬ it into a sentence, viz.: If Wagner’s music is fatiguing bending their energies toward winning success, they of a “Rag time Choral Society.” to the stage setting. The “row-garden scene" i„ his A arms Siiaivam, lha distinguished English tical. Every new fact learned should be valued for its to you, and breeds weariness more than pleasure, then composer, died of heart-failure, November 22d, in are always on the lookout for something that will Heinze, the Nestor of Netherlands composers, re¬ “Parsifal” will also receive a much more elaborate power of contributing toward an increase in returns, study it. Another matter is worth a moment's setting. London. He was born May 13, IMS, in 1-undue, of enable them to make more rapid and certain gain. cently celebrated his eightieth birthday. if not primarily, at least indirectly. The various sub¬ thought; that is the question whether the fatigue lriah parentage, hit father being bandmaster at the Franklin says: “An investment in knowledge always When Gottsclialk’s “Last Hope” was being revised The Imperial Library of Vienna will receive the jects taken up for study should be chosen with refer¬ arises from the taking of the tones, exclusively, or Hoyal Military College. He allowed musical fairest la pays the best interest,” and he was a man of experience for a new edition, the engraver made it “The Latest musical collection of the two Imperial theaters and from the joint effect of tli tones and the visible im¬ childhood, and at right played w-ith some skill a mini and observation whose maxims of conduct have gen¬ ence to present needs, each in turn and not indis¬ the Imperial court chapel, which will now give it pressions. It is asserted that blind people grow weary Hops.” her ol hand instruments, and began to compose. erally proven sound. criminately. Each new fact and morsel of knowledge the largest single collection in Europe. The opera of Wagner sooner than others, and there may be a Two magazine votes taken during late years show When he was twelve years old he hrramr a choir The musician who wishes to improve his prospects carries with it the power of inducing others in a never- contributed 1300 scores, including numerous manu modicum of truth in this, for Wagner’s appeal is to “Rock of Ages” to be the favorite hymn of the Protest¬ boy in the Royal Chapel. He studied under Sir John then must, along with other means, devote himself to ending chain. scripts of Gluck. the eye undoubtedly quite as much as to the ear. ant world. Goat and Ktcrndale Bennett, and in 185* went to 1 s-ip Rubinstein claimed that Mozart's orchestration of However, there is an error here, for any blind person Ossip Gabbilowitsch, the Russian pianist, now in rig. In 1861 he returned to Ismdon. which he made his concertos indicated that he played on an iastru with a good imagination can place before the inner tliis country, was a pupil of Rubinstein, and later of his permanent residence, 11 in first public ap|>earauc« ment similar to our modern piano, and not a harpsi vision suitable scenery with a very little prompting, Leschetitsky. as a composer was with his music to Shakespeare's chord. A Viennese antiquary who has had access to and, though this is by no means a full equivalent for “Tempest," which was produced in 1864 Then fol IS WAGNER WEARISOME? The old organ of St. John’s Church, Leipzig, on old papers says that in the list of things left by Mo lowed a number of work* of various character: piano the superb picture of the stage, it does something. which Bach used to play, has been added to the col¬ zart at his death there is a “fortepiano." forte and vocal pieces, cantatas, and large orchestral By J. S. VAN CLEVE. lection of Paul de Witt. The date when Wagner began to work on “Lohen works—“In Mrnxniam,” "Overture di Hallo," and No, the real reasons why the art of Wagner is at The Smithsonian Institution has a complete set of grin” and “Die Meistersinger,” which was first put "Symphony in E.“ He also edited a hymnal: “Church Tills question is rot so fatuous as it might appear cult, afterward discarded it, and became either luke¬ first heavy are: bamboo musical instruments used by the Filipinos at 1845, and corrected to 1844, has again been changed Hymns with Tunes,” furnishing for It a number of at first suggestion. There are many even among the warm or positively hostile. Indeed, there is no phe¬ First, it is new, and consequently caviare to an un¬ in the interior of the islands. to 1845. It has been suggested that in the course of nomenon, in any sphere of art-life, so amazing as is years some historian of music may prove that no such admirers of the great German poet-musician who arc trained taste. Saint-Saens has put the “Marseillaise” in counter¬ the career and influence of Richard Wagner. So long composer as Richard Wagner ever existed. but half-saturated with his spirit, and to them there Second, it is intricate, and cannot be even followed point against the Spanish national anthem. Here is is some degree of weariness in his creations. And yet, a struggle, so vast an opposition, so glorious a tri¬ without many hours of preparation. a problem for students of counterpoint. The series of concerts to be given by the new in view of the enormous vogue which his music- umph, so rich a reward, so luminous a figure, so Third, it makes enormous demands upon our emo¬ Frederic H. Cowen and Edward Elgar have re¬ Philadelphia Orchestra, under the directorship of Frits dramas have attained all over the civilized world in strange a mixture of great beauties and great defects tional nature, and emotion is far more exhausting than ceived the honorary degree of Doctor of Music from Scheel was begun November 16th, with Ossip Gabrilo the last quarter of a century, one might answer the both of character and art, the world has never seen. thought. the University of Cambridge, England. witsch, the Russian pianist, ss soloist. The manage Why do we all feel wearied at times when we first question, Is Wagner wearisome? with a loud and Fourth, most of its subject-matter, both literary and ment have Suown a praiseworthy liberality in issuing strive to comprehend the music of Wagner? The first Portland, Ore., lias a series of symphony concerts emphatic “No!” musical, is quite remote from anything which we a special student’s ticket which will admit to the sis Dismissing the bitter and often virulent attacks answer to this query when dealing with Americans by a local orchestra under the directorship of Mr. Americans Lave studied and made familiar; so that it concerts for $1.00. made upon him by his avowed enemies as not in evi¬ must be this: It is a national trait to be quick, keen, Brown. The list of guarantors is quite large. is not very- different from what it would be if we en¬ The Guildhall School of Music is the largest school dence, we may find, by a very little research, admis¬ lightning-like in thought and in action. A certain deavored—as was done some years ago at Harvard During the second week of November the exports of music in the world, we are told. The number of sions even among his ardent champions, and para¬ superficiality is, of course, inseparable from quickness. University—to resuscitate the ancient Greek drama. of musical instruments from the port of New York pupils last year, according to the addreas of Mr. W graphs in the critiques of the foremost writers, which However, superficiality is i t always a defect. There Fifth, Wagner penetrates our whole being; we must were more than double the corresponding week of last H. Cummings, principal, was over 3000; there are 142 well justify us in asking this strange question. aie many functions of life in which a little knowledge think, see, hear, feel, thousands of things, all of them year. teachers, representing every branch of music. It i. Without going into all its details we will point out is not only not dangerous as the poet. Pope, sang, but novel, strong, intense, fascinating. Is it then a won¬ The Women’s String Or hestra Society, under the supported by the Corporation of the City of London a few of the causes for this impression that he is is harmless; and, even more, is beneficial, enabling the der that the first hearing of a great Wagner musie- conductorship of Carl V. Lachmund, will play several and is nearly self-sustaining. tiresome at times, and also suggest a remedy. desired results to be attained the sooner and better. drama leaves, even upon th ■ mind of the most musical of Bach’s unknown works for strings at their concerts A Boston paper, commenting on things musical, The fact that Richter, the first and greatest of Wag¬ The ancient Greeks had their heavy-armed hoplites person, a sense of fatigue and utter bewilderment! this season. says that several years ago Professor Psine gave some original tunes that have since become very popular nerian conductors, suggested and insisted upon many anC their light-armed peltastes, and each was valuable, One bit of parting advice and we have done: always lectures on music at Chickering Hall, and the attend Hr also wrote oratorios that proved successful: “The excisions in the original score gives one point to the each was better than the other. So, then, the multi¬ Professor Max Muller, the great philologist, withhold judgment upon things which you have not ance averaged 25; the Brown music room at the 1‘rodigsl Son" and “The Golden legend." objectors who would answer this question in the fariousness and superficiality of the American’s knowl¬ who died a short time ago, was bent on taking up examined thoroughly; and again, if you cannot stud' Public Library always has a deserted look, and that But hit greatest reputation was made by hie works affirmative. There is no doubt that in his most char¬ edge is often a merit. It is not a merit, however, in music as a career, but was advised against it by the music itself directly, then, in the name of sanity, many musical people seem unaware of its existence for the stage, the first one, “Co* and Box." winning acteristic work, the tetralogy of the Nibelung, there the vast realms of art. There, we are still rather in a Mendelssohn. read about a Wagner work before you listen to it. And yet Boston is considered musical. instant success. It will suffice here to name the most is a vast amount of repetition, against which we clu.dish state of development, and, like children, we Edmund Singer, Professor of Violin at the Stutt¬ The street-pianos, so called, have a simple median important: “The Sorcerer," “Binsfore." “Firsts* of might plead the example of the Old Testament, and aie nob merely impatient of prolonged labor, but are gart Conservatory, who has had many Americans ism. Three strings for each note, hammers padded Penzance,” "Patience," "Mikado," and “Ruddigwe" of most primitive poetry, but which is unquestion¬ 3ei sitive to any criticism which reminds us of the lack under his instruction, celebrated his seventieth birth¬ w ith chamois skin, and a huge cylinder covered w ith A late work in the form of grand opera was "Ivanboe." ably tedious to our minds, fed so fat with a thousand of finality in our mushroom opinions. day last month. OUR SUPPLEMENT. projecting pins, which cause the hammers to strike Of hi* songs the most popular have been “Will He new and fascinating ideas and facts of science, philoso¬ The present writer was once assured with much Guilmant, the organist, characterized the different the strings. The cylinder has as many sets of pins as Come?" and "The Lost Chord," the tatter having bad phy, art, history, invention every day. Thus, the way heat by a distinguished jurist of Cincinnati, just after degrees of polyphony: Diatonic, as in Palestrina: tunes are to be played. One turn of the cylinder a sale of over 250,000 copies in which the characters occasionally tell each other at The two central figures are Wagner, with the boo" the Strauss waltz concert, that all this rage about Chromatic, as in Bach and Beethoven; Omnitonic, as completes a tune, and it is then shifted sidewise to During the early part of hi* career be was organist length what they are not supposed to know, but what Bach, and Beethoven, and Wagner, and Brahms was on his knees and Liszt at the piano. Back of him in Richard Wagner. cause a different set of pins to strike the hammer*. in a London church, and at various time* held promt the listener has been fully pprised of, is something so to the left of the picture is Franz Fischer, eminent mere affectation, every bit of it, and that even the The Paris Conservatoire receives an annual allow¬ nrnt poet* a* conductor. From 1(76 to l**l be was naive, even childish, that one wonders how so great ’cellist, conductor, and chorus director at Bayreuth, is Reeves, the famous English tenor, who died musicians themselves did rot really like such music. ance from the State of $50,000 and educates 650 stu¬ Principal of th* National Training School of Music a man as Richard Wagner could have fallen into such beside him is Emil Scaria, a famous basso (WW**> *r 25th. was born September 20. 1818 (not Ort» Of course, so violent an expression of opinion did not dents; the Brussels Conservatoire, with fewer stu¬ He received th* degree of Doctor of Music from Cam a snare. That shows how the greatest men may be Bans Sachs, etc.); the last figure to the left is Franz l 1822, ss often given). He received a sound provoke any reply. A reply to such J petulant and dents, has a subsidy of $35,000. bridge and Oxford Universities. He was knighted by von Lenbacfi, painter of a well-known portrait 0 training in theory, and it is said that in hi. hag-ridden by a theory. But, leaving this feature of childish vanity of opinion would have been worse than the queen to 1883. Wagner’s works have made another conquest. y.first vear there was scarcely an instrument Hr the subject, in the second place, let us ask is Wag¬ wasted. However, this extreme case of American snap- Wagner. In front is Siegfried, Wagner’s son, Madame While he will not rank with the great composer* ol Three performances of the “Nibelung” cycle are to be not plav. He made his first public appearance ner tiresome at his best, and, if so, to whom, and why? judgwentism affords us the master-key to the mvstery Cosima Wagner, and Madame Materna, the famous the world, Sullivan brought goes! cheer and pure music given in Madrid during this month. After that the baritone.’ A few yean later hi. voice proved to • • • of our finding Wagner somewhat wearisome at first. ’ soprano, not forgetting Marke, one of Wagner s dogs to the heart* of many. He never wrote cheap mosh, cycle will be given in several other cities. pure tenor of the finest quality. He firet sang We attend a concert filled with Wagner excerpts, In the middle is Brandt, superintendent of the ma and yet he could win and hold th# popular rwr His At this stage of the present discussion it must be era. afterward taking up oratorio and concert or perhaps even go to on 2 of his earlier operas, or still chinery at the Bayreuth Opera House, and next Dohnanyi, the Hungarian ianist now in this coun¬ writing Hector Berlioz, the great master ol befog, bemuddle his brain. Some minds rise rapidly set himself down opposite the Wagner’music in pre¬ ordinary banjo-string of thirty-six inches length a rtration. 1863: I B. DanrU. eminent French 4mm. h I through this cloud-region, like a newly-inflated bal¬ cisely the mental attitude and tension which he 12,000 coils around it, and is covered in a minute 1818; Hermann Goetz. Orman opera com loon; others stick there, and remain afflicted with brought to the enjoyment of the “Mikado” or the In no other art is demonstration so difficult ** _ * half. 1S40 Theodore Kirch net. popular German m i ft. Wagneriphobia all their lives. However, a very large "Pirates of Penzance.” n-.usic. Science fights with mathematics an ^ The granddaughter of the composer Boietdicu majority of the serious and thoughtful musicians of * * * ~ * 4 poetry wields the golden, decisive spoken word, “ ^ bequeathed a splendid house and estate near onen. ' irv # the world have come over to the Wagner cult, and Here is the chief difficulty. Wagner challenges our arts have chosen nature, whose form they t>orro^^r France, as a home for artists, musicians, an lnen encamped permanently in his camp. Some, indeed,— best brain, and our most cultured taste, and our most their judge; but music is an orphan, ffi^. letters, at the same time setting aside a large s like the composer Saint-Saens and the philosopher vivid emotionality, and those who are too indolent to and mother none can name; and perhaps m - f°r its maintenance. Nietzsche.—after espousing ardently the Wagnerian make the proper preparation, or who are too prejn- terv of her origin lies half her charm. Sci* 432 THE etude THE ETUDE or organ, or performances of miscellaneous concert sides which, slow practice with a firm touch give8 433 companies, and there is a fine flourishing society of fuller, rounder tone, even to passages played piani» thoughts ladies many of whom sing the best things well, or Simo. It is the secret of the so-called velvet tone moves down to the next line, so that the right hand may easily find the place. play the best music upon the piano, and do it justice. The artists who practice with a firm touch have been There is also much reasonably good music in the noted for their precision, beauty of tone, and delicaev When Hannah first liegan to study she disliked of touch. various churches, yet, when a pupil was urged to hear classical music very much. She would not even listen Practical Points by Practical Teachers music, she was ready immediately to plan an ex¬ to a piece tuat sounded slow or dreamy; everything must “go fast” like a march or a polka. She could pensive sojourn in a metropolis, and upon cross- THE PLACING OF A PIANO. Conducted play dance music almost as well as a street piano or a HURRY. examination it was developed that she had not at¬ CARE W. GRIMM. hand organ, for she kept very good time, but oh! the tended more than two concerts in her own city during PRESTON WARE OREM. The piano ought to be placed where it will bring Thomas Tapper. expression! there nerer was the least bit of it in any¬ the entire season. There were at least forty oppor¬ forth its tone best, because it will not sound equally thing she played. A recent aphorism furnishes an admirably-trite tunities to hear things worth hearing with respect, and pertinent text: “Hurry may catch a train, but it well in all parts of the room; the upright piano, espe¬ yet of all these she was wholly oblivious. cially, is more influenced than any other. The greatest do them there would be a great deal of sputtering and will never make a musician.” The everlasting hurry¬ It is right to go to the great city; it is right to amount of tone goes out the back of the instrument even some crying. So, for awhile, they were left out ing tendency in matters pertaining to both business go to Europe; but not until the time is ripe. Like and pleasure seems, to a large extent, to have affected where there is little or no covering at the sounding- of her lessons entirely Hannah was delighted, for the healthful plant, strike deep and wide the roots of she thought that she was well rid of them. But let tne arts in general and music in particular. We have board. Naturally the best place for the instrument your thought in the soil just about you; search, seize, us see how it happened that she took them up again. with us a growing class of music-students of the would be in the middle of the room. But that would "find all that is helpful and nourishing to you in the One day, soon after, Hannah played at a recital younger generation who are apparently laboring under mean too much consumption of space for our little immediate environment; then, when the larger and given at the home of a great teacher in the eity. She the impression that the possession of a modicum of parlors, customary in big cities; besides, the backs of richer opportunity comes, you will be ready and able played fairly well; hut for the first time she really talent, coupled with the will to become a musician, is uprights are not made attractive. to grasp its message; and if it never comes your heart learned to listen! Having heard other children of her sufficient for the accomplishment of the fact, and espe¬ Placing the upright piano flat against the wall shuts will not be a worm-eaten walnut, containing nothing own age play so much better, she liegan to think! cially so when accompanied by the seemingly indis¬ off a great amount of tone. An excellent and quite but crumpled dust of envy and disappointment. Cul¬ And. as you perhaps know, earnest thinking always pensable accessories of inordinate length of hair, flam¬ effective position is gained by putting the instrument tivate music for her own heavenly sake, and not so leads to something higher, Hannah suddenly became boyant neckcloth, impossible headgear, and other slanting in some corner. Of course, windows, doors, largely for ambition's sake. Ambition is good, but ambitious! eccentricities of personal adornment. That “capacity and heat-registers may often prevent such a favorable inward happiness and serere blessedness of soul are a from that time on we had no more trouble about for taking infinite pains,” that repeated concentration position. Never place an instrument near a window hundred times better. the doing of finger-exercises. Work liegan in earnest, of effort so necessary to the artistic growth and de¬ * * * which is kept open for any length of time, because the for there were many things to be overcome, and we velopment of the true musician, seems to such stu¬ atmospheric changes would be detrimental to its Rural Music. (F. Lau/berger.) DEVITALIZATION. had to be very patient There were ten stiff little dents both a bore and an unnecessary drudgery. tuning. Likewise and even more injurious are heat- fingers to limber up, one little brain to set to work, Prof. Max Muller, of It might well be made a matter for serious and PERI.EE V. JERVIS. registers too near the piano. Do rot make the upright 1. Work tcith the pupil en- and two ears to be taught to listen. searching self-examination by teachers as to whether LEARNING BY Oxford, writing in the Nine- BRIEF RLLES ON thusiastically and patiently. A beautif ul tone, endurance, speed, and repose in a sort of mantel piece for all sorts of bric-a-brac or Little by little Hannah improved; but the hardest HEART. teenth Century, for Novem¬ CHILD-TEACHING. 2. Win his affection and they are not, to a considerable degree, responsible for piano-playing are so absolutely dependent upon proper a shelf for ceramic and floral display. It does not part for her was to show in her playing just what the ber, expresses the thought bring to his notice the beauti¬ such a state of affairs. conditions of muscle and nerve, that these conditions help to improve the tone; on the contrary, such weigh¬ composer meant—in other words, she could not play that modern teaching departs from the “old-fashioned” ful, not only in music, but wherever it exists. Are we not, perchance, in too much of a hurry with should be given the most careful attention from the ing down of the lid deadens the tone-waves. See that with expression. To help her we derided that she sort, to its loss, when it fails to give children what 3. Foster his imagination and teach him how to our pupils? And in our laudable desire to push on¬ very first lesson. The pupil should be taught to dis¬ your piano receives a good light on the music rack. should write a little story about tho piece which she ward and to display the rapidity of progress induced one may be permitted to call a memoryful of worthy use it. tinguish between right condition (“devitalization”) Have Welsbach or similar mantles on your gas- was preparing for another recitaL The piece was by our own cherished systems, do we not often over¬ possessions. He says: 4. Bring him often in contact with other pupils for called: “Farewell, Dear Home,” by Paul Hiller, and and wrong condition, or contraction, and once familiar burners. “Old men like myself know what a precious treasure inspiration.—0. L. IF. this is what Hannah wrote about it: step the bounds of discretion? with these conditions should never be allowed to take In musieales place the piano so that the greater It is quite true that modern methods of instruction for life the few lines are that remain indelibly en¬ • • • “One beautiful May day a young man made prepa¬ any other than the right one. part of the audience can see the right hand play. An graved on our memory from our earliest school-days. rations for a long journey to Vienna, to take lessons nave appreciably reduced the period necessary for the upright piano place in a slanting position. When two Conditions of devitalization (“vitalized flexibility” After you have learned attainment of proficiency in music, especially its tech¬ Whatever else we forget, they remain, and they re¬ of Lesclietitaky. He was very sorry to leave his desr is a better expression) can easily be established in pianos are to be used simultaneously, place them both MUSIC OF THE to reason, young people, of nical aspects. In piano-playing, for example, the in¬ mind us, by their very sound, of happy days, happy home where he hsd spent many happy days, but never¬ the youngest beginner by the use of arm-dropping in a slanting position and side by side of each other VOICE. course you will be very troduction of a rational treatment of physical and faces, and happy hearts. Alas! Our memory has theless he decided to go. exercises like the following: Let the arms be extended so that they seem to form a continuous keyboard. In grave, if not dull, you muscular conditions in their relation to the various been systematically ruined, and it hardly deserves that “The next day he started for the station accom¬ and the hands allowed to hang loosely at the wrist- this manner the players can watch and easily give keyboard requirements and the consequent more rapid name any longer, when we remember what memory thmk. “No,” says Simon Memmi. “By no means panied by his friends, who were very sorry to have joints; if the muscles that raise and lower the hand cues to each other. Three or more pianos are most anything of the kind. After learning to reason, you development of ease and fluency of execution have was in aneient times. We seem to be piling every him go. Tears were in his eves, while in sad. but firm, are in a perfectly loose, supple condition, when the appropriately placed in such a manner as to describe wi learn to sing; for you will want to.” There is tended greatly to reduce the necessary number of day heaps of ashes on that divine light within us.” tones he sang: ‘Farewell, IVar Home.’ When the arm is shaken slightly the hands will vibrate loosely a slight arc. so much reason for singing in the sweet world, when studies; so that, nowadays, we claim to be able to Ruskin has expressed himself no less heartily (and train earne. he kissed all hia frienda good-bye, and so at the wrist-joint. Contract the muscles and this one thinks rightly of it. None 'or grumbling, pro¬ started on hia long journey. do in three years what formerly required five or more. thankfully) concerning the Bible-verses which his vibration of the hand ceases. Change back and forth WORK OUT YOUR OWN SALVATION. vided—always—you hare entered in at the straight “A few weeks liter he wrote to his father telling And, to be sure, the enlightened methods of teaching mother positively made him learn (see Etude for from loose to contracted conditions till they become gate. You will sing all along the road then, in a him that he arrived safely in Vienna, and had com¬ theory and composition at present in vogue in many THALEON BLAKE. April, 1900, page 127). The necessity for this exact familiar to the pupil. Again with the arms ex¬ little while, in a manner pleasant for other people to menced hia lessons with Lesebetitsky. quarters shine effulgent in contrast with those of the This time of the year witnesses the first profes¬ ownership in mind-property is so universal that we tended and hands hanging loosely, suddenly relax all hear.—John Ruskin. “Many years after he returned to hia dear home, days when Haydn blacked old Porpora's boots in re¬ sional teaching experience of hundreds of last seasons must heed it. We do inevitably come to love the few the muscles of the arm and shoulder. If this relaxa¬ • * • where he found all the loving friends whom he had turn for a few lessons in strict counterpoint. graduates. They will soon know and understand the verses, and the like, which are exact bits of ownership, tion is complete, the arms will drop to the sides and left: it reminded hitn of the day when be sang that Nevertheless there is in evidence to-day a certain cheer-giving in themselves, abundant in suggestion, And what is next to sing- swing loosely at the shoulder-joints. These and sim¬ trials and pleasures of a teacher’s life. And in the sad. but sweet, song: ‘Farewell, Dear Home.’” flippancy in composition, together with a superficial, light of this revelation they will learn to appreciate replete with other days and yet so pure that they WHAT SINGING ing? Why, listening, to be ilar exercises should be persisted in till the pupil can The day of the recital came. Just before Hannah’s glittering facility in execution, that seems most per¬ fill to-day. REQUIRES. sure. And how shall one assume correct conditions and retain them in the and to love their own masters as never before. solo the little story was read aloud. Then she played, nicious in its tendencies. I have often wondered why we do not oftener tell listen? Not with the ears most rapid passage-playing. What teacher of experience has not received letters so tenderly snd beautifully, that she delighted every¬ our pupils of the de’ight there forever continues to be from former pupils admitting just this, and pledging alone, but with the mind and heart. That leads us to one; and when she had finished there were many * # # found in committing songs to memory. Let it be, if THE IMPORTANCE OF HEARING CONCERTS. themselves to a firmer friendship because of it? hear not merely the noise without, but the meaning praises and compliments for her. Thus another ob¬ one likes, only the melody. Learn it and try it often. LOUD PRACTICE. Brilliant pupils are apt to feel, at the time oi gra u^ within, which always sings low, as if to itself. It is stacle was overcome, and she had finally learned to J. S. VAN CT.EVE. Learn it not merely so that it may speed through the MADAME A. PEPIN. ation, that the assistance of the old instructor is no listening with all of one’s self that makes one hear, play with expression. mind, but learn it so that you can see its location on One of the hurtful fallacies abroad in the land is In the June, 1900, number of The Etude, there was quite unnecessary. That is quite natural. The in for to listen inattentively lets - s into but part of what For a long time Hannah had cherished one great an instrument, the keys, say, of the piano; learn it by the notion that all good things in music are some¬ published an interview with Mademoiselle Chaminade, structor expects it. From his ripe experience he I is to be heard; and who may speak save the one who wish; and that was to meet the man who wrote a the Italian syllables; often write it on music paper. where far off. There is a sense in which this is true, in which she recommended practicing very slowly and understands all this! He knows that ere long ^ has heard all? Well, then, by all means, when listen¬ book on music which was often read to her. Although And for every minute of the time it costs, it will re¬ she would not be able to see him, she longed to hear but there is a sense in which it is by ro means true. with a loud touch. Later I saw somewhere a criticism rough world will trim the wings of his children an^ ing is to be done, listen with all of yourself. turn hours and hours of satisfaction.—Thomas Tapper. him talk: for she had learned to judge people almoat Indeed, there is no more hurtful error in the mind of this, and the writer said it was impossible that all will become changed. Young flight is notono entirely by the sound of the voice, and she could tell of the American people to-day than the idea that no Mademoiselle Chaminade could have meant what she short! . 0j instantly whether they were Wind hearted or crow, or really first-rate education is obtainable without study said about practicing very loudly. Perhaps the word The young fledglings soon undergo a rev v> ^ Hannah was a little For the best sets (three) even if they “sounded tired” or rested. in Europe, and the kindred blunder which it is the Mademoiselle Chaminade used was unfortunately feeling and appreciate the nest-training better coloren girl with beauti¬ IZES of Brief Rules on Child- THE CASE OF ful black eyes: these, As Mr. Author was a very busy man, it seemed as object of this article to point out, viz.: that if one only translated, and the true word was—a firm touch. I its period is over never to be renewed. ^ HANNAH. R TEACHERS. Teaching (in music) The however, were of no use though Hsnnah might never meet him. But one day could go away to a city one might learn and hear. have heard many artists practice, and the most of To-day in this land are many struggling sn ^ ^ Etude offers the following the opportunity came, and Hannah had a most delight¬ Every broad-minded teacher whose ideas are good them practiced very slowly and with a firm touch, and known duties, and how they long for that to her. because she was blind. But she could see with res: 1. “Music Talks with Children,” Thomas Tap- ful visit. He gave her a little examination in ear enough not to fear competition and comparison is al¬ her fingers, even read with them in the dark. that as they gradually increased their speed, the touch which once, alas, perhaps they paid all too b training, striking different tone* and intervals, wbirh ways urging his pupils to go and hear. is more than either you or I can do. is ,t not. P - grew lighter, until it was both rapid and delicate. But it cannot be. moor. Hannah named. Then she played for him two Heller • “Story of Music and Musicians,” Mrs. John Lillie. haps vou would like to know just how she did th.s - “Go, hear, compare,” that should be the watch-word Two fine pianists nave often remarked: “If you Now, at last cut loose from safe and j\ TOUr • “Children’s Harmony,” F. H. Shepard. studies which she had learned: and to Her delight she of every good teacher, of every good student. If you want to play pianissimo, you must practice for¬ ings, my dear young teachers, you must iu The letters in her reading books are raised, big.- Frite briefly, not fewer than four, nor more than placed well enough to be praised. cannot get to one of the larger cities, that should not tissimo. And this is both logical and true. A firm ,nrn naper. Hannah feels with the second finger own fight, and win your own victories. ou t0 roles; use one side of paper only; add initials at This, the career of Hannah, is not, in itself, a very make you condemn the music which does come within touch equalizes the fingers and gives a sense of se¬ If the right hand for every letter, from left to right is in your own keeping. No guiding hand ; place full name and address at top of first page remarkable one. but it shows what can hr done by a your reach. Thus, in a city of ninety thousand in¬ curity, it makes the passage sure, while the opposite across the whole line. Meanwhile the left band keep. steer your course nor counsel you in t e rv) ard. manuscript Mail to Editor of Children’s Page, little energv, patience, and hard work.-— Hrt mine habitants well known to the present writer there are. way of practicing would lead to inequalities and the waters. But be not troubled. Press brave y 5 of The Etude, 1708 Chestnut Street, Phila Bopp. during the year, at least a dozen good recitals of piano frequent missing of notes by the weak fingers. Be¬ and work out your own salvation! THE ETUDE 435 TtfE ETUDE wholly unknown in the United States. On the Con¬ 434 justifies the reputation that precedes his visit to the sonority of Herr Fiedelbogen’s tone was admirable tinent, also, his name has not yet taken a place among His list is a long one, and includes a number who, America, his playing can hardly be accepted as proof her mental tympanum, and oozed and trickled and the well-known or celebrated pedagogues. It is its virility is sometimes uncontrolled. The artist him- positive of his teacher’s greatness. it may be hoped, are not so great strangers to fortune ■VrYirVY ittiiVu ii trickled and oozed through her unmus.cal organ of self must have felt this, at times; for, in a delicious chiefly, or perhaps solely, through the reputation as they are yet to fame. It is jtopularly supposed that thought. With a long-drawn sigh she concluded to little encore,—when he felt that the clarity of his achieved by his pupil, Jan Kubelik, that Mr. Sevcik one swallow doe* not make a summer, but Mr. Hughe* abide°by the injunction of the editor oi: th* AppeUze,. Violin Department. tone was impaired by an excess of temperamental has issued from obscurity; and though he is said to explains that he has gone upon the principle that Two long and joyless hours were devoted to Mr. even one good composition demonstrates a good com glow,—he wisely remedied this evil by attaching a have been specially honored by the Russian govern¬ ' OJ'1 UUg up V* Cl Oboe’s learned and elaborate critiques. Deeper jt little wooden instrument to the bridge of his violin. ment, which bestowed upon him the Order of Knight night, so to speak, in the least poser. He evidently has great faith in the American rapidlv settling down upon her. Her naturally b the composer, and, if at times his praise assumes s some¬ Conducted jy ... It only remains to be said that the e»- of St. Stanislaus, he must always have lived a life of expected quarters—in small towns where musical in¬ spirit was almost crushed when she made a starti ng more or less retirement, taking part in local rather terest had never before been supposed to exist. In what exuberant (train, it ia probably became of this GEOP'.K LEHMANN. semble was singularly fine, and that all the orchestral discovery. Again and again Miss Keen compared he faith which see* the promise of things to come rather work was delivered with exceptional continence and than national musical affairs. For the following facts just such cities the influence of the Kneisels is very various critiques-always with the same result, the easily traced, and recognized as en important factor than the actuality of things present. authority. in connection with Mr. Sevcik’s career, we are indebted same, inevitable conviction. There could be no Bli¬ to a London publication called The Strad: in awakening love for chamber-music. As in all worka of the kind, fault might be found ther doubt about it. She had discovered the scientific Professor Ottokar Sevcik was born in 1852 at How much good may ultimately result from this with the selection of some names and with the omis¬ A CURSORY glance at any principles of modern musical criticism! sion of others, but this is purely a matter of taste. “Miss Keen,” said the edi- Horazdowitz, Bohemia. There his father was chorus- newly-inspired interest only time and general condi¬ RICHARD WAGNER, of Wagner’s scores must re¬ An interesting feature is a number of fac similes of With feverish haste Miss Keen drew forth note book master and also taught the violin. Professor Sevcik tions can determine. It is more than regrettable that, THE PRINCIPLES tor of the Morning Appetizer, veal the fact that the great and pencil and jotted down the following words: up to the present day, we can discover little evidence fragments and even entire short compositions from the OF MUSICAL “will you help us out of a diffi entered the Conservatory at Prague in I860, and be¬ modern reformer (?) did not underestimate the glori- works of some of the composers reviewed, as well as a dash spirit technic ensemble came a pupil of Anton Bennewitz, the Director of the of lasting results in proportion with the effort thus CRITICISM. cultv?” ou possibilities of the violin, and that he utilized the number of excellent portraits. Mr. Hughes's remarks Conservatory. In 1870 he had completed his studies far expended. But that genuine good must inevitably “Certainly,” was the prompt ’robust discretion piety clarity instrument with consummate skill for the portrayal on the present condition and probable future of Ameri¬ sonority propriety muscularity at the conservatory, and immediately thereafter ac¬ result from serious effort is a natural law7 which can reply—“that is, anything out a fashionable funeral. of some of his richest fancies. But beyond his utiliza¬ can musical art are eminently sensible snd well timed; not be overthrown, however disheartening may be the K\er since l had that dreadful experience with Mrs. continence sincerity authority cepted the position of concert-master at Salzburg, C.JL, when he gives it as his opinion—contrary to that tion of the violin as an orchestral instrument, Wag¬ immediate issue of the work performed. Corn by's deceased husband (you remember the corpse virility. where he remained three years. After having enjoyed expressed by Dvorak—that cosmopolitanism, and not ner seems to have had no ambition to enrich our violin This, alone, should give us hope. But is it not diffi wasn’t actually dead at the beginning of the funeral considerable success as a soloist, he was offered the an arbitrary seizure of some musical dialect, will he “There!” she cried, as she closed her note-book with literature. And, if the truth be said, it is perhaps cult to understand that, despite numerous indications services, and, as he suddenly' sat up and everybody position of professor at the conservatory at Kieff, the leading characteristic of American music. a triumphant bang,—“I can now eat my dinner in just as well (or better) that the composer of the great of expansion in art—despite all these newly-formed ran shrieking from the house, I attempted to interview Russia. We are told that, since Professor Sevcik en¬ peace. Musical criticism is the simplest thing imagi¬ music-dramas clung so tenaciously to his massive quartets—despite every effort being made to change him) well, ever since that nerve-racking affair I tered upon his pedagogical duties at Kieff, he has de¬ EVERYBODY’S GUIDE TO MUSIC. 170 pp. Jonah nable.” musical schemes and left to others the writing of the conditions of our musical life, no tangible, positive vowed never again to ’do' anyT more funerals, however voted himself exclusively to teaching and the per¬ Booth. Harper Brothers, New York. Price, SO elaborate concertos. For, if one is to judge his abili¬ reform is yet in sight? gentle or respectful the corpse might be.’ fecting of a “technical system for the violin.” cents. Exhausted, but delighted, with the seven encore* ties to write for a solo instrument by that which he The masses remain unimpressed by individual effort; “No, no,” laughed the editor, “this is a different In 1892 Dr. Bennewitz decided to relinquish his pro¬ demanded by an enthusiastic Sunday-night audience, has written for the violin as part of an orchestral and everywhere we find only a chosen few- whose This little duodecimo, with its comprehensive title, kind of a funeral. The fact of the matter is, Mr. fessorial duties, and invited Sevcik to return to Herr Fiedelbogen was at last permitted to retire. In body, the only conclusion possible is that he would musical salvation is a matter of fact and not of affeeta is really a compact fade mecum for the aspiring stu Oboe, our music critic, w rote a very learned and pas¬ Prague, offering him the position of principal instruc¬ have failed most dismally to write a worthy work or tion. The great masses are painfully indifferent to dent or musical amateur. It is surprising how much sionate article on the shortcomings of a long-haired the lobby stood a little group of men engaged in tor at the conservatory. This invitation was accepted animated conversation. These men represented the even a fairly interesting one. everything musically beautiful. Such, at least, is the substance, in small, but clear, type ita lid* contain. foreign celebrity. This article appeared in yesterday by Sevcik, who, judging by his eight years’ arduous combined musical opinion of the leading newspapers The mere thought of a concerto for violin and or¬ conclusion we logically arrive at when we mingle with There are chapters on the nature of music, grow th of morning’s Appetizer; and I have just received word work at the conserv atory7, has found at Prague a con¬ of the city. Addressing a very tall and attenuated chestra by Richard Wagner is quite sufficient to set a the people and familiarize ourselves with their music as an art, musical instruments, singing. etc from Mr. Oboe to the effect that, though he is in no genial field for his labors and ambitions. individual. Miss Keen ventured the non-committal fiddler trembling. What demands would he not have thoughts. We find that they are bored with what is Technical matters are touched upon—musical nota immediate danger, his physician pronounces his con¬ This account, brief and unornamented though it be, made on the poor fiddler’s digitals! What super¬ really good, and that they crave the vulgar and mean tion and definition! of musical terms, ornamentation, dition to be a serious one. What with the opera, and phrase—"Herr Fiedelbogen's debut was a great success, is calculated to exeite more than common interest in terminology, with not a few illustrations. There are Mr. Schnapps.” human tasks would he have hesitated to set for the ingless stuff that is offered them in the name of music. dozens of more or less important concerts to look Professor Sevcik. Firstly, one is curious to learn brief biographies of the most noted composer* and a “Oh, yes, was the unenthusiastic reply—“his tech¬ poor, human wrist! And the orchestral accompani¬ The national heart is not yet touched by an art which after, you will readily appreciate my predicament.” something regarding his peculiar “technical system for fairly complete alphabetical list, with chonology of nic is good, and he plays with considerable dash and ment! One shudders to think of what this would simple peasants in other climes appreciate and love. “But,” gasped Miss Keen, “I know no more about the violin.” Secondly, one is exceedingly eager to ob¬ names known in musical history. All noneasentisl spirit. But his reading of the Brahms ‘Concerto’ was have been had Wagner, in an hour of overmasteringly When will this great national heart be ready to re¬ music than a”— tain substantial evidence that Professor Sevcik does details have been rigidly suppressed, but what remain* sadly lacking in continence and authority. Don’t you vengeful feeling, written a violin concerto. Would ceive one of the purest offering; of mankind? “You astonish me,” interrupted the editor, with a not belong to that large class of overrated European is quite enough to stimulate and inform. he not have employed sixteen huge and merciless gesture of impatience,—-“as though that wrere a reas¬ think so, Mr. Milding?” instructors to whom unthinking Americans rush onable excuse to offer under any circumstances.” And “Well—yes—rather,” equivocated that gentleman trombones, and commanded them utterly to annihilate niadlv every year only to suffer the bitterest dis¬ •A 439.’ BEING THE AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF A then, busying himself witn a package of unread tele¬ with a very impressive air. “In my opinion, Herr the delicate violin with one cyclonic blast? Would illusioning. PIANO BY TWENTY FIVE MU8ICAL SCRIBES Fiedelbogen’s technic lacks clarity and sincerity; and, he not have introduced a numerous family of strong grams, he quietly added: “Now please don’t waste Far be it from the writer’s intention to cast sus¬ 253 pp. K. P. Dutton A Co., New York. Price, any time, Miss Keen. Herr Fiedelbogen's initial con¬ though his bow ing is characterized by a certain degree lunged French horns and hidden them in some favor¬ picion on Professor Sevcik and his abilities. As yet $1.10. of muscularity, there is an absence of sonority in his able and unsuspicious nook whence they could pounce cert takes place this evening. You have several hours we know nothing of his worth beyond the unreliable upon the trusting fiddle at a moment when all seemed This unique volume is the joint contribution of in which to familiarize yourself with the requisite tone that”— press reports that have come to us in connection with “But, gentlemen,” interrupted the distinguished twenty five English mnsicisns, who hop* by its sale technical expressions. Look over the file of the Appe¬ perfectly serene? Jan Kubelik’s playing. But when it is taken into critic of the Weekly Hcimeter, “you are not taking Everything considered, let us rejoice that Wagner to augment the fund* of th- Incorporated Society of tizer and you will get a fair idea of Mr. Oboe’s style consideration that, every year, hundreds of Americans i to consideration Herr Fiedelbogen’s higher attri¬ planned his life-work on a scale so gigantic that con¬ Musicians’ Orphsnage. Each one ha* written a chap¬ of criticism. As to the rest—consult ‘Grove’s Diction¬ (many of them talented) travel several thousand miles CONTEMPORARY AMERICAN COMPOSERS. 445 butes. His interpretation of the Mendelssohn ‘Con¬ certos had no attractions for him and failed to kindle ter purporting to be an experience of a concert grand ary’ and any encyclopedia. I’m sure that a young pp. Rupert Hughes. L. C. Page A Co., Boston. in quest of superior instruction, only to find that they piano. The mysterious title refers to the concert |>itch woman of your cleverness will have no difficulty in certo’ revealed the true artistic propriety and discre¬ the spirit of his genius. The great scope and freedom have deserted capable instructors at home for very Price, $1.10. to which it is tuned, the A produced by 4.TJ vibra writing an admirable article.” tion; and while it is true 'hat his playing often lacks which the music-drama offered him was not only unpractical and incapable instruction abroad, when is the latest of the “Music-Lover’s Series,’ tions in a second. A love-story run* through the Miss Keen sought a retired spot in the bustling viiility, the piety of his readings more than compen¬ irresistibly appealing to him throughout all the years one thinks of this, and of the many sacrifices made [ of which have been noticed in these columns, whole, and serves as a thread on which are strong the building of the Morning Appetizer and devoted an sates for all his mechanical deficiencies.” of his artistic activity, but the whole scheme and char¬ inevitable by such profitless pilgrimage, one cannot, by no means the least valuable of the series, master pasaions—love, hate, jealousy, revenge, ami hour or more to gloomy meditation. To the very tips Miss Keen had heard enough. She chuckled herself acter of the work was peculiarly in harmony with his as of yore, accept in good faith the decisions of Euro ccording to the author’s announcement, a study even a jewel robbery with ita inevitable detective*. of her fingers she was strangely unmusical. In her out of Carnegie Hall, she chuckled all the way- down fervid, dramatic musical temperament. pean critics and the European press. music of this country, its present condition*, Each writer develop* the plot at hi* own sweet will: wide and varied journalistic experience she had ac town to the office of the Morning Appetizer, she However great or small Jan Kubelik’s artistic stat¬ i future, with critical estimates and biographies to demand that it should always be consistent would chuckled herself to sleep, that night, and dreamed quired some little knowledge of the musical world, but tour if force, The press of Europe and ure, one can be absolutely certain that, when he oe. principal American composers. Its appearance be to ask too much. A* a it ha* not a not enough, in her opinion, to warrant the expression that the editor of the Appetizer had offered her Mr. come to the United States, he will be heralded (as „ly and fills, if r.ot a long-felt want, one that little interest; even a Man* reader could hardly com HAS EUROPE the United States has been of a verdict. She had learned, for instance, that Bach. Oboe's exalted position and a salary of five thousand plain of a lack of variety or dearth of incident. There conjuring with a new name others before him have been heralded) as the bngh es^ en felt with not a little acuteness for some time. Beethoven, and Mozart had written immortal compo¬ dollars a year. DISCOVERED star in the whole musical firmament. His manager for instance, who have had to do with the is plenty of direct and incidental talk about music, A GREAT in the violin-world. Already sitions that once were ridiculed and now are feared Miss Keen’s critique was widely read and admired, snd sonic bird raps are given to musical quack* and we have read much of the will feed the public with an endless amount of ex¬ ation of programs illustrating American com by musical pretenders; that Paganini did all sorts of next morning; and the following-excerpts are, to this PEDAGOGUE? travagant literature, anecdotal and otherwise, co such as are given in so many musical cl»ta. bogus musics! colleges. It conclude* with a rhymed very day, regarded by music critics as models of the prodigious skill of -Jan K» unearthly things, and, during a long imprisonment, cerning his career; and even his pre-teething y how difficult it is to secure information a* to epilogue by Prof. Ebenezer Prout, in a light *««. « higher art of criticism: belik, his extraordinary technic, and the marvelou constructed a wonderful violin; and that all truly will be ntilized in some interesting form in order o mpositions of any given composer, as wel may be judged by the following excerpt: great artists wear very long hair and are a menace to beauty of his tone and style. But whether the uro- sist us to a proper appreciation of his wort ographical facts for the inevitable essay which “Be careful how you meddle The Gkeat Fiedelbogen at Caknegie Hall. pean verdict exaggerates the actual facts, or whe society. And what, we ask, will be the natural result T With that often ill used mechanism, the una cord* young Kubelik is actually possessed of the uncommon a part of the exercises. , But being an extraordinarily conscientious young An unusually large and demonstrative audience gave s easv to find all requisite detail* about . terieal American girls will weep till they are per podftts woman. Miss Keen felt that the art of criticism de¬ Herr Fiedelbogen a royal reception last night at Car¬ qualities attributed to him by the critics and Fr^ to study with Sevcik. Talented American o classical and romantic composers, If you can’t obtain a proper pianissimo without it. negie Hall. This was the great German violinist’s agents of Europe, we, in America, have been manded special knowledge, or at least uncommon , to the contemporary composers are tat* You are a third rale pianist ; there is not ■ doubt are making healthy inexperienced moral courage to take the place of actual musical first appearance in concert in the United States; and by past experiences calmly to await the young a > nber and are generally found only in fngiB ance of capable teachers at home t tinted about it” training. On the other hand, however, she realized a conservative opinion of his merits, based on the coming, and to judge for ourselves of his and misguided bovs will suddenly grow7 ^eontentoh nre—journals, magazines, and the like ‘ that a successful journalist must be extremely versa¬ powers which he revealed last evening, can only he a lluenced by European decisions. Though it ha _ Will yearn for the same conditions bprio s and difficult to trace them. Mr. Hugh llX musical education should begin, the earlier the tile, and ready, at all times, to meet any editorial hearty endorsement of the eulogy that has been be¬ announced early this season that Kubelik wou Kubelik’s gifts were matured, and. until t~ei S up these flying thread, and woven them er, with singing, the rationsl practice of which m stowed upon him in Berlin. With rare judgment and the chief attraction of the winter’s musical o erl g . -a interesting volume. Some of it demand. are granted, will cause their parents many a heartache „ the acquisition of a number of principles snd So she tried to conceive some rational and helpful discretion. Herr Fiedelbogen chose for performance (he plan to bring him to the United States has ready7” appeared™i _* .-M" leading *, and, more important still, the early formation fallen through or the announcement was un«arra ^ and many a sleepless night. bright ex- method of procedure. With the passing of valuable three of the longest and most difficult concertos in number of habit* which lie alike at the root of minutes her perplexity assumed the form of deep violin literature: the concertos by Brahms. Beethoven, and premature. Be that as it may, however. 1 Professor Sevcik may, or maj » in«troc* reption to the rule of incompetent vurope interest all lovers of violin-playing to learn some ^ anxiety. Desperately she tried to recall Mascagni’s and Tschaikowsky. Each of these works requires the tom. This we are in no position to determine at the “Intermezzo,” hoping thus to quicken appreciation of most sustained muscularity, and each makes great also of the teacher who is said to have traine ▼ whatever is truly and beauiuully musical. But “After demands on the sincerity and propriety of the player. Kubelik to such perfection. vet, almost the Ball” and “Sweet Marie” insisted themselves upon .... It must be confessed, however, that, while Professor Ottokar Sevcik’s name is, as 436 THE etude THE ETUDE 431 not enough to keep the wolf from the door. At one time he was so desperate that he applied for a posi¬ but in vain, for Wagner was at Stuttgart, where lie tion as chorus-singer in a small Boulevard theater. had completed arrangements with Weissheimer for a But the chorus-master did not consider his voice good three-months’ disappearance in the Suabian Mount¬ Luurse’ not probtable, ... nave starved m the enough and declined his services! Sometimes mem¬ ains, to get away from his creditors, and to finish the meantime but for the generous aid of Liszt and a lew bers of the Germany colony in Paris helped him. ZZd - * c ftthprother friends.frion rl r- Meistersinger” score. The carriage had already been His wife pawned what little jewelry she had, and once ordered, and had the king's messenger arrived a day Germany was the only country where he could have vv is said to have even been obliged to beg in the street later he would not have found the oompooer. When promoted his cause by personal effort; but Germany or go hungry with her husband. Wagner heard that the young king adored his music was closed to him. How hopeless other countries were These years of suffering were a serious matter to and his writings, and was eager to have him come to was shown by his experiences in London and Paris. Wagner—and to the world. They laid the foundation Munich, where, relieved of all pecuniary embarrass¬ In 1855 he accepted an invitation to conduct the Phil¬ for the dyspeptic disorders which in later years often ment, he might give up all his time to composing and harmonic concerts in London. He remained four prevented him from working more than an hour or producing hia operas, he broke down end nobbed like a months and received $1000-that is, less than some child. * two a day, and thus kept him from composing as singers now get for four hours in one of his operas, Yet hja troubles were by no means over. The king many operas as he might have otherwise written. while the critics abused him violently because he re A most agreeable change came when, on October 20, was an enthusiast and meant well; but be was young fused to conduct in the manner of their idol Men and weak and had not the courage to face Wagner's 1812, his “Rienzi” was brought out at Dresden. Wag¬ delssohn. (Remember that Wagner had, at this time, numerous enemies. ner had left Paris to superintend the final rehearsals, already composed not only the “Dutchman,” “Tann- The situation was too complicated to be explained and the opera proved such a brilliant success that he hauser,” and “Lohengrin,” but “Rheingold,” and the in this brief sketch, and I refer the interested resder AGE 55. became the hero of the hour. He was appointed royal AGE °tZ- greater part of the “Walkiire”) In Paris, six years to the New York Nation, of October 11th, tor a re conductor, and everybody was eager to hear his other later, “Tannhiiuser” was brought out by special order view of the fourth volume of Hans von Billow’s letters, AGE 67. opera, the “Flying Dutchman.” But now came the re¬ of Napoleon. But to punish Wagner for his refusal AGE 27 in which it is elucidated. What these letters specially RICHARD WAGNER action. “Rienzi” had pleased the audience because it to introduce a ballet in the second act, the members prove is the necessity of Bayreuth. So great wu the 1882 was written in the spectacular Meyerbeer style, which of the Jockey Club created so much disturbance that mm power of ignorance and prejudice, that even with the was then the fashion. In the "Flying Dutchman,” Wagner himself withdrew the opera after the third king's aid Wagner could not get his model ojiera bouse on the other hand, Wagner discarded most of the old performance; though the “free advertising" it had built in Munich and his “Xibelung” operas performed 1888—fifty-five years after its completion, and five operatic tinsel and wrote a poetic music-drama in a there in accordance with bis intentions. The king years after Wagner’s death—at Munich, where it has style so new that the audiences were puzzled and dis¬ himself, therefore, helped him to build the Wagner THE ROMANTIC STORY OF WAGNER’S LIFE. since brought $80,000 into the box-office. pleased. After a few performances, consequently, this Theater at Bayreuth, a Urge part of the funds being opera disappeared, and ten years elapsed before an¬ contributed by the Wagner Societies which were Early Manhood. By HENRY T. FINCK. other opera-house took it up. formed all over Europe and America. Even if these early operas had proved successful, After such a rebuff most men, in Wagner's place, In the summer of 1870 the first Bayreuth festival they would not have kept Wagner afloat; for the would have taken the hint and returned to the style was held, and the complete "Xibelung Tetralogy” Most of the great composers led uneventful lives. which brought the boy into direct and constant con¬ composers in those days received but a small share of “Rienzi,” which would have insured him wealth had its first performance—a performance which I was “He was born, he composed, starved, and died”—in tact with the theater, to his great advantage. Oddly of the profits. He was therefore obliged to support and immediate honor. But Wagner was not that kind so lucky as to w itness. Artistically it was a success, these eight words one might sum up their career. In enough, Gever was, like his step-son, a man of varied himself by practical work, first, as chorus-master in of a time-server. His next opera, “Tannhiiuser,” was but financially a failure, and no wonder when you Wagner's life, on the contrary, there was so much gifts. He was not only an actor, but a playwright, Wurzburg, then as conductor at the small opera- even less like the old-fashioned operas than the consider that a new theater and new scenery for four romance that I supposed it would not be possible to a singer, and a portrait-painter of considerable note. houses in Magdeburg, Konigsberg, the Russian Riga. “Dutchman” had been, and the indifference of the operas had to be paid for, while, on the other hand, make an uninteresting story of it till I read the recent The next important biographic fact to emphasize is At Magdeburg the penniless composer, aged only 23, public as well as the bitter hostility of professional the attendance was kept down by the hostility of the biography by Charles Lidgey, which convinced me that Richard Wagner as a hoy manifested a talent committed the folly of marrying the penniless, hut musicians showed him that his efforts to create a German newspapers and the necessarily high price of that even this astonishing feat can he accomplished. for poetry before he did for music. Nothing could be pretty, actress Minna Planer, and began his life-long music-drama were neither appreciated nor understood. tickets $75 for the four afternoons. Fresh debt* were the result and Wagner, disappointed once more, Glasenapp's great work also can hardly be called as more significant, in view of the attitude he subse¬ habit of living beyond his means. With the courage of despair and the hopefulness of a was obliged to give up hit pUn of having a Bayreuth interesting as a romance; but he could have made it quently took when he declared that his predecessors At Riga he wrote two acts of his first important reforming genius he persevered, however, and wrote festival every year or two. In the summer of 1882 so by omitting a thousand and one details that are had erred in making music the chief thing in an opera opera—“Rienzi,” but his experiences had convinced the still more Wagnerian “Lohengrin.” But when he another one was hel ’ st which his Ust work, “Parsi¬ neither interesting nor important, but which have instead of recognizing that “the play’s the thing” him that there was no opportunity to produce such found that he could not even get this opera accepted fal," w as performed. The exertion of producing it was swelled his newest edition to four or five volumes. and the music only a means of heightening its effect an ambitious work at a provincial theater, and he for performance, and that all his efforts to improve too much for a man of hia age (he was in hia sixty- The wheat has been pretty well threshed out by this on the emotions. His poetic talent enabled him from longed more and more for a chance to visit Paris, the opera at Dresden were sneered at, he became indig¬ ninth year); and he died in Venice, on February 12th. time. When I wrote my “Wagner and His Works,” the beginning to write his own librettos and thus to where Meyerbeer was in his glory, and where he nant and desperate and joined the revolutionary For the pathetic detaiU of hia last days and the in two volumes, I was so lucky as to be the first who secure a more thorough fusion of words and music hoped to enjoy a similar success. He managed to get movement of the year 1849. funeral I must refer to my biography, a* my space ia could make use of Wagner’s voluminous correspond¬ than any dramatic composer before or after him. together money enough to take him there, hut not exhausted. Wagner was honored in the Ust years of ence with Liszt, Uhlig, Heine, and others. Since the When his musical talent did begin to develop, it dis¬ Exile. enough to pay his creditors; so, leaving that pleasant his life; yes, but he was forty four years old, and had ported itself at first in all sorts of extravaganzas, such appearance of that book some farther interesting task to a more convenient time, he escaped beyond the He did not carry a rifle or fight on the barricades; written all but three of hia operas, before a single one revelations have been made in the “Reminiscences” of as an overture in which the drum-player had to beat Russian boundary—which was at that time very care¬ nor did he set fire to the Prince’s palace, as his ene¬ of them was performed at Vienna, Munich, or Stutt- Weissheimer, and in the fourth volume of Hans von hi3 instrument fortissimo every fourth bar throughout fully guarded by pickets placed only a thousand yards mies accused him of doing; but he did accompany Hocse in WHICH Wagner was Born. gart; and he was fifty-six and over before Italy, Balow’s letters, just out, relating chiefly to the the composition—to the amazement of the audience. apart—with the aid of a friend; and, having met his Roeckel when he ordered bombs, and he encouraged France, and England paid attention even to hU early Munich period, when “Tristan” and “Die Meister- At the age of 19, however, he had already sufficiently wife (who had escaped in the guise of a lumberman s rural volunteers to join the insurrectionists. This was , received would have insured for it a great ftnan operas He paid dearly for hU genius. But bis heirs singer” had their first performances. recovered from this aberration of taste to write his wife) at Pillau, he embarked with her for England. enough to insure his being condemned to death for success. are millionaires. symphony in C-major. Though not an original work, high treason. There was a warrant out for his arrest, mid all these reverses and disasters he wrote hi» Boyhood. Their dog, of course, was not left behind, for Wagner —for its ideas are weak and it betrays the influence was all his life a great lover of animals; and when and had he been caught the least that could have >elung Trilogy,” as well as “Tristan and Isolde" Wagner made hia forms as natural as possible. He “Die Meistersinger,” partly in Italy, but, for the When Richard Wagner was about five months old— of Mozart and Beethoven—this symphony is of im¬ this dog. subsequently, was lost for two days in Lon¬ happened to him would have been his imprisonment made them so natural in the earlier of hi* Uter music in October, 1813—the battle of Leipzig was fought t part, in Switzerland, the bracing air of which portance, because it shows that even at that early don. it almost broke his master’s heart. for a number of years; in which case the world, in all dramas that the design was lost in mere realism. fited his health and increased the bent of his and Napoleon driven from Saxony. The result of the age he had mastered the cyclical form—a fact which To-day a trip from Pillau (in Northern Prussia) to probability, would have never seen his best operas Afterward he seem* to have perceived that the con¬ battle was an epidemic of typhoid fever which carried us toward grandeur. He gradually gave up ah alone ought to have deterred his enemies in later years England would take perhaps twenty-four hours by (that remained to be written); for he was not strong junction of music snd drama is in itself ao essentially . that he would Uve to see these works performed; off Richard’s father. His uncle Albert also had an from making the ludicrous assertion that the reason rail. The sailing vessel in which our party embarked enough to survive a long term of imprisonment. Nar¬ unnatural or antirealiatie that to throw away the attack. The infant Richard was evidently exposed to why he wrote only operas, and wrote them in a he went on writing them without the slightest strength of music by limiting ita expression waa. to required twenty-four days, and was tossed by three row, indeed, was his escape. Had he accepted the in¬ great danger. He had some symptoms of the dread ession to popular taste, believing that their bine use a vulgarism, to cut off the nose to spit* the face. peculiar new style, was because he was unable to storms, during which the dog as well as his master vitation of two of the leaders of the revolution to join disease, hut luckily they passed away. Had he fol¬ wr'te symphonies in the style of the great masters! Id come; in which belief Liszt, who knew and ad- Whether He actually admitted this to himself I can¬ and mistress suffered severely from seasickness. But. them in their flight, he would have been caught in lowed his father into the grave, how different the his¬ He did not wish to write symphonies and sonatas. d the MS. scores, encouraged him. In the mean not find in any of his writings, but the fact remains the stormy experiences and the sight of the Norwegian the same wagon with them. Luckily he preferred to tory of dramatic music would have been, not only in Though Beethoven was his chief idol, he was influ¬ ; debts-some unavoidable, some unnecessary-*^ that in these three dramas we heve concerted music fjords were useful to Wagner in supplying him with go alone, in a peasant's wagon, and managed to get Germany, but in every European country! enced more deeply by Weber. All his instincts and ulated to such a degree that he repeatedly had and concerted /Isafer to each act quite in the old style. local color for his “Flying Dutchman.” to Weimar, where Liszt took care of him until they It is not a mere accident or coincidence that Ger¬ ide from his creditors, and more than once medi- The mily thing new is the modern music, with its impulses led him to the opera-house. Never was there heard that the police were on his tracks, whereupon many’s two greatest dramatie composers grew up from i suicide. At last, at the most critical juncture, modern intervals and modern harmony. a more thorough master of musical form than Wag¬ Paris. he secured another man’s pass and fled to Switzerland. their childhood in a theatrical atmosphere. Weber’s racle came to his rescue. The revolutionary exile, For all his theories, he waa determined to make ner. What led him to write operas instead of sym¬ After a brief sojourn in London the trio went to There he was safe from further political persecution, father was the director of a traveling theatrical com¬ had conspired to overthrow a king, was saved v music the head-partner in hU syndicate of the art*. phonies was simply the fact that, as I have said else¬ Paris, where they remained two years and a half tiH but at what cost! He was an outcast, an exile from pany of which his own children were members, and The consequence is that hit musie drama* often have where, “he needed a poetic or pictorial idea to evoke April. 1842. Here he wrote his “Flying Dutchman Germany, and remained so for nearly twelve years, Carl could not but benefit by the experience he thus their finest moments when the dramatic situation is a deeply-original idea from his creative imagination.” and finished “Rienzi.” He knew that these operas all his efforts to secure a pardon being in \ain. The A Royal Patron. gained behind the scenes. Most of Weber’s relatives prolonged simply for sake of the musical expresaioo Therefore, as soon as he had completed his symphony, were quite as good as those of Meyerbeer, which at worst thing about this exile was that during the firs wig n, of Bavaria, had, as a youth, read Wag. had musical or theatrical talent, and the same was of part of the drama which has yet to he played or he began to write opera-texts and operas—“The Wed¬ that time were so popular and profitable; hut no one six years of it he did not write a single opera. e ppeal to the German sovereigns for help for hi true of Richard Wagner’s relatives, several of whom has alreadv been played. The result » fin. musical ding,” “The Fairies,” “The Novice of Palermo,” “The else knew it, and all his efforts to get his works per ®ight have written two or three in this time; u were on the stage as singers or actors. Most impor¬ architecture, if you can only forget the stretching out Happy Bear Family,” etc. The first named and the formed failed. Bv writing articles for musical pen what inducements were there for him? The three goo tant in its consequences, however, was the fact that of the drama almoat to snapping point,—Marion! last were never completed; “The Novice of Palermo” odieals and arranging operatic melodies for the piano operas he had already written were either 'go0"’ 01' nine months after the death of Richard’s father the I “Das Liebesverbot”) has never been performed; and Retard. and other instruments, including even the vulgar cor so unintelligentlv performed that he conclu e widow married Ludwig Geyer, a well-known actor, “The Fairies,” too, was not produced until June 29, net, he earned a few francs every now and then, hut the most important thing for him to do was to 438 TfiE ETUDE
with the legend of Tannhauser and his sojourn in the THE ETUDE 439 Tha trees auldor-tohn, cave across the valley. Three centuries pass away, Heofon-aeardes gast ofer holm boren and now the Wartburg has become the feste Burg Miclum spedurn.” the musical analyst will find u, U„s o,*ra, that can which gives shelter to Martin Luther while he trans¬ Wagner and Operatic Reform. not be discovered in the other opera, of it* tune: Suggestions for Wagner Study. lates the New Testament into the vulgar tongue and (“Lord Almighty! Earth was not as yet green The union of u-xt and music, the Utter perfectly with grass; ocean covered swart with lasting night, illustrating tii* former. j* 0* J* with it lays the foundations at once of a reformed By UOUIS C. EUSOH. m religion and a literary language. wide and far, wan pathways. Then glory-bright was' The continuous use of graphic "/«if mofirra * By h. E. KREHBIEL. The hero of the pseudo-historical contest of min¬ the spirit of Heaven’s guard o’er the water borne with l‘‘E battle for the proper union of music with The entire abolition of the act muak-al forma which mighty speed!”) had obtained in almost all opera* ere this. Here are strelsy in the Wartburg which Wagner develops into thTiLr8 tW,Ce fUUgllt' After the establishment of so significant an episode in his opera is Heinrich von Or note the effect in William Langland’s “Vision of the Itahau opera, IU ;uoo, the wave of enthusiasm be no pretty arias with a set return to the opeuiug Piers Plowman”: thought in the final period; no cadenza* in the coda, Offterdingen, whom Wagner, exercising a poetic that „m that the C°1U^ra beg-, to believe to enable the singer to win a few evanescent plaudit, the editor of The Etude to suggest a line of inquiry license, blended with Tannhiiuser, an Austrian knight “That is the castle of care; whoso cometh therein that mus.e was strong enough to carry any poem to 1 have often thought of late years that intelligent from an easily-captured multitude. which might enable young students to increase their and minnesinger of the thirteenth century, whose May ban that 1 e horn was in body and soul; success, and that poetry was, after all, u secondary appreciation of Wagner's lyric dramas might best be The continuity of the opera was a point on which adventures with Venus i the Horselberg are told of in There dicelleth a tright, that Wrong is his name matter, when supported by tones. It required a Gluck promoted by an entire change in the view point of knowledge and appreciation of Wagner’s works, and to batter down this theory, and his victory over Wagner strongly insisted, tie wanted no diviaion into I wish to be practical. To this end, therefore, I sug¬ a popular ballad of great antiquity. Father of falsehood, found it first of all.” critical discussion. To the majority of musical stu¬ separate numbers, hut a continuous flow of action I have not exhaused by half the subjects which Ficcim won a sufficiently definite triumph to settle the dents Wagner represents the starting-point of their gest that historical study of the question begin with The device was used by the Scandinavians and matter at least in France, for a quurter-century. until the very end. So strongly is this iuaiatea upon operatic studies as well as experiences; yet critics Wagner and be carried back thence as far as time, cling around this one drama; nor have I tried to do Anglo-Saxons for many centuries, and few of our But Glucks reforms did not go far enough; he did at the Bayreuth performances, that applause la di* and commentators insist upon treating him as a latter- opportunity, and inclination shall permit. so. I am not outlining a course of study, but merely modern poets are there who do not know and use its not strike sufficiently deep at the root of the evil countenanced even between the ads, and i* only day revolutionist and peg away at a condemnation of suggesting some of the lines which study may profit¬ The Mythical. beauty, though they no longer raise it to the plane of and the fact that a race of delightful melodists, of allowed at the end of the opera. Wagner was to true old formulas and principles with which the persons ably take if one wishes to get fully into the spiritual There shall be no waste of study which is devoted a constructive principle. Shall we not, then, study it perfect vocalise composers,—Rossini, Donizetti, and to this theory that be cut out the climax of hU ‘Tauu they are presumably instructing never come into con¬ environment of Wagner's works. hit user” overture (one of the grandest climaxes in to the subjects of Wagner’s operas and lyric dramas in Wagner without prejudice and as an element which Bellini,—followed, lulled, the public asleep again in the tact except in an historical w ay. Wagner is a first, an beginning with “The Flying Dutchman.'’ “Rienzi The Spiritual. brings his poetry near to us in form as it is in matter! matter of the mesatliunce of the two arts. music) in order to have the number lead iuto the elemental, influence to all opera-goers whose experi¬ opera, in the Paris performances, thus maintaining may be omitted for the present, at least, for it is but The Musical. But now there came a reformer who ploughed a ences are compassed by a quarter of a century. They “Tannhiiuser” is rich in material, but so are all the the continuity which he deeun-d so saacutial. In this a dramatization of Bulwer’s novel so far as the book surer furrow, who was not content with a half-victory, may still be waiting to make the acquaintance of remaining dramas. What a study of legendary lore We have been led into this discussion (though the particular instance the result was a musical weaken goes and an exemplification of Meyerbeerian methods who would not be satisfied with any compromise, but “Tristan und Isolde,” “Parsifal,” or the tragedy of and medieval chivalry in “Tristan”! The story of ing of the work, but in general the theory gives a musically. But in “The Flying Dutchman” we have sidewise excursion did not need to follow) by the whose motto was ‘‘Aut Ctesar, aut null us.” it is true “The Nibelung’s King,” but their receptivity for those “Parsifal” shall carry you through German, French, unity to an operatic work, that must, in aomc degree, the germs of two constructive principles, whose de¬ remark that in “The Flying Dutchman” were to be that Y\ agner was influenced in a degree by Gluck, works has been prepared, not only by “1'annhiiuser” and Welsh poetry back to Greek and Sanskrit, so you aid its general effect. velopment made the perfect flower of Wagner’s art. found two constructive principles which Wagner de- but he had a much more herculean task to perform, and "Lohengrin,” but also by nearly all of the operas be willing; and at every turn you may pluck a flower Perhaps the greatest stumbling block in the path First there is the legend of the “Wandering Jew of ve oped later. Enough has been said about the liter¬ coming, as he did, after the sweeping triumphs of of the old-fashioned-list which have remained current. of romance the fragrance and loveliness of which shall of those who study Wagner is hit abolition of formal the Sea” in its original form, and then the legend ary principle. The other is musical. In that opera Rossini, and the dangerous half-truths of Meyerbeer. There w ould have been no “FaHst,” no “Romeo and not only quicken you when your hear “Lohengrin” melody (of antecedent and consequent in ftxrd relation) with new ethical contents inspired by Heine’s version for the first time Wagner made use of typical themes, He saw at once that, if there was to be a true union Juliet,” no "Aida”—to speak of works generally and “Parsifal,” but refresh you and charm you always. and the substitution therefor of a measured or melodic and one of the beautiful ideals of Indo-Germanic though he did not realize at the time that he was of poetry with music, the vapid librettos which invited familiar—had there been no Wagner. The works As for “The Nibelung's Ring,” there you have Ice¬ recitative, which he calls the "melos.” To state that mythology—salvation of mankind through woman’s destined later to develop their use into a system whieh slighting treatment must be got rid of and the words of Verdi which preceded “Aida” and the few operas landic sagas, medieval poetry, the cosmic notions of the melos is unmelodic is entirely untrue, hut it lacks love. That ideal can be traced, too, in ‘Tannhauser,” has come to be looked upon as the most characteristic be worthy of the most dignified musical setting. At of Meyerbeer, Donizetti, and Rossini which are our ancestors and even a hint of history blended in the symmetry to which many are accustomed. It i* where, moreover, the study branches out not only into feature of his method of composition. In fact, he did once he announced the theory that whatever book heard occasionally (count them on your fingers, you bewildering confusion, and, so you will, also a system an advanced phase of a theory which was applied in not go much farther than his predecessors and con¬ was set to music ought to be strong enough to stand myth and legend, but also into history. Here then the very earliest operas, when the composers of shall scarcely' need your thumbs) would remain to be of philosophy the existence of which I did not take temporaries had gone. The use of reiterated phrases, are a dozen roads w hich the student may travel back upon its own merits as a play, without any musical "Euridice" and "Dafne” tried to imitate the inflections dealt with, but it has been my experience that the the trouble to hint at heretofore, although it is the for the purpose of characterization or reminders, was into the romantic mist-land and find on every hand adjuncts. This initial thought went beyond anything ot the spoken voice, in vurioua stages of emotion, by generation which I have seen grow up in our opera- mainspring of “Tristan und Isolde” also. something which will quicken his fancy, warm his nothing new. Students should be careful not to be that Gluek had formulated, and its sequence went musical phrases. In ‘The Master singers of N'ureni houses do not require that Wagner’s principles be de¬ imagination, and help him to enter into the spirit of deceived by the extravagance of the claims which the still farther, for Wagner demanded that, in such union burg” these phrases are of Ineffable beauty, and we fended against those represented in the old hurdy- Constructive Forms and Methods. Wagner’s tragedy. I can only make a few hasty sug¬ radicals aniong Wagnerian commentators put forth of two expressions of art, poetry should be the ruler; pity the man who does not discern melody in them. gurdy list. Suppose we wish to look at constructive forms and gestions. The story of the Franconian knight, Tann- in his behalf. Wagner did many things as a mere “Poetry is the man, Music the woman” he said of this Naturally Wagner allowed great freedom of mudu It was different with the preceding generation, as methods. Wagner is intensely Teutonic, and only hauser’s adventure with Venus in the cave of the creative musician for which he and his friends found true marriage, and he found that he could win the lation; he seldom uses fixity of key, exvrpt when a belonging to which 1 wish to count myself for the those shall appreciate him best who are capable of Horselberg, is a Christianized variant of a myth of profound explanations later. The process is still going best results of a perfect union of the two by writing diatonic effect suits his purpose, as in fsirgtnund'a time being for the sake of this discussion. For us sympathizing deeply with Teutonic ideals. Here vast antiquity. The cave itself has a multitude of on with all his works. When “Tannhauser” was put his own librettos, whieh he accordingly did. “Love-song” or in the "Glaubena-theme” in “Parsifal.” there was nothing strange in the long stretches of dry prototypes and counterparts. The Cave of Venus is English-speaking people are favored over all others. into the festival list at Bayreuth in 1891 it was sud¬ He was a great believer in nationalism in music, Wagner believed in “swimming in a sea of tone,” as recitative in which the story of the musical play was the Garden of Delight in which the heroes of classical At the bottom Wagner's subjects are as much ours as denly discovered that it, too, was built upon the leit¬ and sought for German subjects in preference to any he expresaed it. Hie imitators certainly need life- carried on and by which the set pieces of music for antiquity met their fair enslavers. It is Ogygia, where they are the property of the Germans. Those that motif principle and its significant phrases and periods exotic themes,—a mode of procedure that can be cor¬ preservers when they try to follow him. Wagner which we waited were connected. The younger genera¬ Ulysses spent eight years with Calypso; JEsea. where are tragical are universal, but they are closer to us were dragged out, labeled, and stood in the market¬ dially recommended to all composers, especially in followed Gluck in the matter of assigning an impor¬ tion to-day hears those things only when there is a he was detained a year by Circe; the abode of the than to Frenchmen or Italians, because of our Ger¬ place to be stared at. Wagner never dreamed of such the operatic field. tant part of the picture to the orchestra. Bui he revival of an opera by Mozart or Rossini (not Elfin Lady with whom Thomas of Ercildoune lived manic origin. You may translate Wagner’s forceful a thing; he composed “Tannhauser” as any other It was a notable fact in Wagner’s career that he did went far beyond Gluek, or anybody else, in the glori "William Tell"). As a rule, the dramatic recitative for seven years: the bespelled castles in the Arthurian German into almost equally forceful English because composer of equal genius would have composed it, and not turn back from any of his points of reform after ous development of orchestral thought and tone-color —leaning strongly toward the arioso style and sup¬ legends; the hidden places in which Barbarossa, of the relationship which still exists between the Ger¬ followed old formularies without a grain of misgiving. he had once established them. It is the most absurd with which be invested bis scores, lie was not, like ported, embellished, and colored by a flow of instru¬ Charlemagne, and Arthur await the summons to come man and English languages. For a reason which had What came to be his system of construction with slander to say that his theories were founded in pique Berlioz, an experimenter in this matter; he always mental music—effaces the line of demarkation between forth and free their people; where Thomas the excellent validity when it first appealed to Wagner, typical themes as constructive material was developed and in an inability to write as his predecessors had knew what effect he wanted and how to attain it. the vocal numbers, and the old effect of a concert in Rhymer tarries till Shrove Tuesday and Good Friday but which we need not lay much stress on till we through “Tristan und Isolde” and “Die Meistersinger” done. His “Rienzi,” for example, was quite in the An entire volume could readily 1* filled with orcbes costume is no longer made. It must, theretore, be tral effects which Wagner either invented or mad* shall change places; whence Diedrieh von Bern issues come to close and detailed study. Wagner abandoned UP to its most persistent and consistent expression in conventional mould, although grander than many of somewhat confusing to students who have been especial use of. The brutal character of Bunding, for to join Odin’s wild hunt. Tannhauser’s adventure in rhyme in favor of alliteration in the works in which Ber Ring des Nibelungen,” and it was not till he had the operas of its time; Wagner had only to proceed trained under the influences of to-day to understand example, is perfectly reflected by the coarse, ponderous the cave has its parallels in the stories of Ulysses and he worked his theories out in their fullness, and much produced his tetralogy that it occurred to anyone that upon this path, whieh opened so auspiciously, to some of the talk about Wagner's revolutionary attack achieve a comfortable fortune and a national fame. character of the four tubaa which generally give bis Calypso, Ulysses and Circe, Numa and Egeria, Rinaldo fun have some of his critics had with the opening the phrases employed therein needed names. They on forms. As a matter of fact, these forms were break¬ But he suspected that there were greater things to be motive; the other eonipoeers always picture celestial and Armida, Prince Ahmed and Peri Banou. Let this lines of “Rheingold”: received them in time for the festival of 1876; they ing down when Wagner began his career, and there achieved in a different way, and he followed “Rienzi" effects by harp,—the conventional instrument of the suffice for the mythical elements in the story whose “Weia! Waga! Woge du Welle, S°t them with Wagner’s sanction, but he did not put is neither love for them nor prejudice in their favor by disappointing Germany with “Tannhauser.” He angels,—but Wagner portrays such touches by high study is, in a score of ways, profitable and calculated Walle zur Wiege!” etc. them forth, and hair-splitters among Wagnerian com¬ which needs to be overcome by appeal to Wagner's never wavered when an art-ideal wras at stake, and he violin harmonica combined with aigha of flute or to tune our hearts for Wagner’s poetical tragedy. mentators are still in disagreement about the meaning arguments against them now. Here the first two words are mere onomatopoetie deliberately chose the path of thorns in preference to clarinet; how cutting are the trumpet tone* which In a sense, moreover, there is no need to urge the The Historical. exclamations, whieh harmonize with the idea expressed °f some of them. It is because of this, and because of give the “Sword motive”; how rustic the wooden the affectation of knowledge of the dramas which so the path of ease. validity of Wagner's fundamental objection to the Xow a glimpse at the historical. It is written that in the rest of the lines and the character of the ex¬ Of course, not all of his theories were evolved at a trumpet used in ‘Tristan und Isolde”; what myriad often finds utterance in mere enumeration of the opera of seventy-five years ago in order to understand Wagner was inspired to compose “Tannhauser” by the pression. A consonant is reiterated on the strenuous single time; they extended over different epochs voicea speak throngh the subdivision of the violins themes that I have so often urged that to know the him to-day. That objection was that rausie had enthusiasm which seized upon him when he caught portions of the lines for the sake of the verse-melody “Lohengrin’ went much larther than ‘Tannhiiuser and lower strings in “Waldeaweben”; what anxiety tames of all the typical phrases is no proof of knowl- usurped a place in the drama to which it was not his first view of the Wartburg. There is no spot in which results therefrom. Here Wagner reaches back had gone, jet it does not give the fruition of the Wag¬ and suspense are in the irregular kettle drum strokes et%e of Wagner's music. There is not time or space at the killing of Frederic of Telramuod. the meeting entitled, or rather that it had come to occupy too all Germany in which so many pregnant associations to an ancient verse-form in which his language and nerian theories. In “Lohengrin,” however, we have t° go deeply into this matter, and I bring these sug¬ large a place. Concerning the purpose of the lyric have their home as the gracious valley over which the ours join hands. We do not need to go back so far, the elaboration, although by no means in its fullest of Sent, and the Flying Dutchman, or the (tabbing of gestions to an end by urging the student of W agner s Siegfried; how the muted horns give their gruesome drama to be dramatic expression, he wanted music famous castle stands watch. Early in the thirteenth but if you wish to see the union of the two study degree, of the “leit-motif.” As thL point is spoken of ‘hamas to look for significance and appositeness in note of warning as Tannhauser determines to return to be it means to that end. and he said it had eentury the Wartburg was the domicile of Elizabeth the old Anglo-Saxon poem of “Beowulf,” whieh stands i/another article in this issue, we can paas it by, the themes themselves rather than in their names; to to the Venus berg; on* might carry the list to endless become the end itself. This is true enough of of Hungary, a saint whose legendary history, because almost in the same relation to the beginning of Ger¬ merely saying that, although Wagner did not invent tote the processes of development which they go the operas of the eighteenth century, but the present it celebrates a life devoted to sweet charity instead of man poetry that it does to English, and you shall find this device, he used it far more copiously than any proportions. through in following the growth of the tragedy, The above will give the genera! reader an idea of generation cannot remember when it was indifferent that morbid asceticism which is the common burden this Stcibreim, as it is called. Read it, too, in this predecessor had ever dreamed of. their own growth from simplicity to complexity; their how thoroughly Wagner set about cleaning the Attgwan to scene, action, and text, and asked only for music of saintly legends, remains as fragrant incense unto extract from Caedmon’s “Creation” (A.D. 650): It was in ‘Tristan und Isolde” that all of his changes in contour, rhythm, harmony, instrumenta- stables: his work resembled that of Gluck, hut it at an operatic entertainment. We do not occnpv this to-day. Liszt has given it musical celebration. A few theories were first embodied, and this opera maysUnd “Frea selmihtig! went far beyond the effort* of the eighteenth-century attitude even toward the most careless form of lyrieo- years later, under Hermann, Landgrave of Thuringia, their combination with each other, etc.; and as a perfect example of what the “WagnerSchool Folde was the gyt reformer, and, instead of effecting a change in opera dramatie play—the so-called comic opera of to-day. the castle was the center of German minstrelsy, and their interrelationship; and to do this at a per¬ means. Although we deny the existence of a school Crces-unjirene; ffar-secgt eahte for a period of about twenty five year*, it ha* given It is not my purpose to discourage study, but most there, according to the story, took place the Tourna¬ formance or at the pianoforte with the vocal score i„ this matter (for the “Wagner Schoo consist, of •S'weart synnihte, side and aide ^ther than to accept the statement of any hand¬ the world a new standard for all time. distinctly to encourage it. But I have been asked oy ment of Song which Wagner ingeniously consorted Richard Wagner alone), we can succinctly state what B*onne trsegas. book. THE ETUDE 440 THE ETUDE 441 melody, his harmony, his metrical structure, his form, plicable to that of other poets it would fall to the his orchestration, and his art of building an ensemble. journey was put off on account of hi* sirkws*. and ground with little delay. What does this mean does In all these points he was a very great master, and his the reader askt It means that poetry is an inner in¬ finally died in his master's arms, leaving him almost genius will not die for centuries yet to come. But his inconsolable. terpretation of life; a representation of life, prophecy shallow philosophy and the platitudinous explottera- be surpassed in sonority, in richness, in the prev. He was an anient anlivi^iawtiuoiat, atul took great The Present State of the Wagner Question. of destiny, and the like. Wagner’s work is merely a tions into which it led him will finally yield to the lence of dissonance, and in all his most noted pecul- gigantic fairy-story, if the fairies will pardon my wnties before his works cease to be played; and in i terest in the formation of societies for the prevention benevolent blue pencil of the conductor; and later on, of cruelty to animals. shunting into their company such uncanny creations spite o this, like Mozart, Beethoven, and Schumann. after cuts have prolonged his life upon the stage to The Urge ideas which conditioned his art he carried as the Siegfried dragon, the giants, Fasolt and Fafner, e will still remain a great master long to be the full resources of benevolent surgery, his librettos honored. 6 out in daily life. The poverty of hia early career Mimi, and the rest. exercised no chastening effect on his expenditures W. S. B. MATHEWS. 9. The Wagnerian operas contain longer stretches "hen he had means at hia disposal. HU tastes were of tiresome “talkee-talkee,” explaining nothing and luxurious and he was always in want of money, no having no dramatic reason for being, than any other matter what hit income was. One peculiarity was hia Schumann,—yet without actual monotony, and with¬ operas ever produced. A great deal of the music which fondness for rich and delicate fabrics,- silk, satin, and The articles in other parts of this issue of The out in any way losing hold upon the emotions of the goes on during these stretches is likewise as tiresome velvet,—not only for personal attire, but for his sui Etude present the characteristics of Wagner’s genius WAGNERIAN A. as the poetry; so that it has eve become a question roundings. In bis travels he even carried hangings from a variety of stand points, personal and otherwise. hearer. 3. Wagner originated (or reconstructed) an arioso with good Wagner-lovers w hether his fame would not with him to decorate bis spertnients; the room in In all of them we have a reflection of the intense be promoted by ceasing to give his operas upon the Richard Wagner was one of the few exceptions style of melody,—his end ess “speech-singing,” which, their pencils, and that they minimized the small and which he died in Venice was entirely hung with satin, |iersonality of the master and the incisive character of among the world's great composers in having shown while follow ing the text with fair fidelity, nevertheless stage, and giving only the good parts of the music in -pink, blue, and Nile green. He was almost con his innovations in music, which, together with the exaggerated the great after the manner of their kind. concert. no juvenile musical precocity, though as a child he stantly in debt for clothes, of tliU description; this opposition they aroused, have kept the whole last half- still retains much of the charm of melody, in the for- Under their hands Wagner was generally depicted as 10. Moreover, the Wagnerian orchestration is so full strummed a little on the piano by ear. Between his it not surprising in view of the fart that in one yeai century busy upon this question, almost to the ex¬ iner use of the term. an undersized man with the body of a child and the and so rich, that very few human voices can make ninth and fifteenth years he had some desultory in¬ his expense for satin and lace garment! was fil&,0U0 4. This music is so effective as music that when head of a giant, which, after all, was not atypical of clusion of the proper study of many great composers struction on the piano, but he was not what might be It must be said, however, that his skin was unusually played by the orchestra in concert, or when well played themselves heard over it or through it in the impas¬ the man. who have come forward meanwhile. It is now a quar¬ tendrr and sensitive; the touch of anything rough upon the piano, long selections of any Wagnerian opera sioned passages; and in consequence of this fact the called a good pupil—indeed, he was the despair of his Naturally many of these caricatures had to do with ter of a century, nearly, since the last Wagner work was actually painful to him. He waa also subject to form some of the most impressive concert-numbers of Wagnerian opera remains as detrimental to the art of teachers and never even learned to play a scale cor¬ his supposed fondness for great power, discordant har¬ was brought out at Bayreuth. The vigorous person¬ frequeut attacks of erysi|>elaa, which greatly increased the existing repertory. So far in Wagner’s favor. singing as it was found by those who first attempted rectly. In after-life his poor piano-playing was a monic effects, etc. One represents him standing on ality of the master has vanished from the living about hia natural ausceptihility to touch. He fully realized it. In fact, between Wag¬ source of merriment to himself and his friends. When the edge of an enormous ear into which he is pounding the same length of time. his tack of economy. In answer to an offer of 00,001! ner and singing, as vocal¬ rallied upon the poor showing he made as a pianist, a greater note by means of a mallet. Another shows His heirs and successors at francs to go to America for six months and conduct ists understand the term, lie used to say: “But I play a great deal better than him entering heaven with a disdainful curl of the lip Bayreuth have failed to there is a contradiction of Berlioz.” The point being that Berlioz could not play concerts of his own comjioaiUons, he said w ith a smile, add anything to the im¬ terms. -Any singer who at all. Once, while playing over a score from “Gotter- “1 am much better fitted to apend 00,000 francs in six pression he made, or even months than to earn it." makes herself or himself dilmmerung” for a friend he noticed him looking at to maintain it in its artis¬ With nil his foibles Wagner never faltered in his heard in the impassioned his hands, whereupon he said quizzically, “Oh, I don’t tic purity. It is possible, devotion to an ideal which, during the greater part of passages owes the fact to play the piano the way other pianists do. They put therefore, after this lapse, bis artistic life, there seemed but little hope of hi* unusually strong lungs or the thumb under the fingers; you see I put my thumb to take up the question in ever attaining. He had every outward incentive to to the consideration of the nrer the fingers.” its actual aspects, without lower bis standard. Hia first grand opera, “Rienri," orchestral conductor; and Nevertheless he used the piano a great deal in com¬ fear of antagonizing per¬ waa written in accordance with the taste of the day: the latter favors the vocal¬ posing; not that he depended upon it for originating sonalities, all that he had to do to win popular favor, and with ist at the expense of the ideas, but after he had invented his themes he worked To begin, let us say un¬ it fame and fortune, was to continue that style. The best effect of the music. them out at the piano in various combinations. mistakably, once for all, growing artiet, however, felt that true dramatic art For this reason good Wag¬ When he was fifteen he was strongly influenced by that there is now no one meant something higher and better. He adopted ae nerian singing is rarely the plays of Shakespeare and the music of Beethoven. place upon the earth where vere theories and followed them to their logical con heard; it is approximated By the time he was seventeen he was thoroughly alone men ought to wor¬ elusions and thus estranged the public. - during the first years when familiar with Beethoven's scores, and his admiration ship at Wagner’s shrine. The opera of "Lohengrin” proved to be the dawn an experienced vocalist for this great master determined him to become a Bayreuth, the Jerusalem of hia celebrity. During ten years of hta exile in turns to Wagnerian roles. musician. of the early Wagnerite, Switzerland it waa gradually brought out on almost Very soon the voice gives As a lad he was full of energy and spirit, first in every stage in Germany, while the composer did not has fallen below the stand¬ way and there we are boyish sports, fond of practical jokes. Quick in move¬ besr it himself for many years after its first per ard of Wagnerian produc¬ again. Witness the entire ment, gesture, and speech; he was vivacious and mer¬ forms nee at Weimer under the direction of IJsxt. tion in all the leading Ger¬ list of great Wagnerian curial to the end of his life. His friend Praeger relates “You will see," he said ruefully to hta friends, “that man opera-houses, particu¬ Caricatihk or Wagmkr. that on a visit to Wagner, who was then in his fifty- I shall soon he the only German who has not heard larly below the standard singers, not one of whom has lasted half the usual ninth year, while they were talking of old times to¬ ’Lohengrin'” 1 of Berlin, Munich, and and a patronizing wave of the hand to the plump duration of a first-class gether, he suddenly stood on his head on the sofa. Vienna; possibly even be¬ cherubs who are welcoming him with their harpe. voice in opera. The effect His wife came into the room at that moment and was low that of Leipzig, which, A mother listening to her daughter practicing re¬ of this deep and rich stream dismayed at the strange scene which met her eyes. MEMORY AMONG THE BLIND like one of old, born out of marks: “My child, you are playing discords." of orchestration has been When he had recovered his equilibrium he explained due time, has nevertheless “Mamma, this is Tannhauser.’” advanced to an honored position in the Wagnerian 5. Add to the foregoing his unexampled richness off compared to that of a mighty river of sound, upon that it was only to show Praeger that though he was nr j. a. van ci.rvr. “Ah, that is different.” orchestral coloring, and his wonderful mastery inr the farther banks of which stand a few lusty individ- nearly sixty he could still surpass him in bodily ac¬ procession. In another old Emperor William is seen investing using tone-color as a means of awakening emotion;; uals who shout across to us the meaning of the par- tivity. The only element of great Wagnerian production Wagner with a decoration and expressing regret that At this point I may he allowed to say that the ex¬ also his use of divided parts, and very full chords, ticular “trouble” just then maturing in the surging His fondness for practical jokes once stood him in which they have at Bayreuth and do not have else¬ he had not been in the French campaign: “the war periences of blind student* are peculiarly interesting giving an organ-like fullness and closeness of texture good stead in confounding hostile criticism. During where is a large and well-worn halo, much flaunted in e orchestration. This, of course, is an exaggeration, but would have been a less bloody one, for you would have They are obliged, by the limitation under which they to his orchestration, unknown before his time and his engagement in London as conductor of the Phil¬ the eyes of the artistic world, but a halo year by d it has foundation. put the French to flight.” Rossini, it is said, was work, to depend upon the memory, and it consequently never surpassed since. harmonic Society he was severely criticized for con¬ vear growing threadbare and stale. That, the Wag¬ 11. We sum up, then, that in his life Wagner made found one day at the piano with the score of “Tsnn gains great power. There is a vast deal of comical ex¬ nerian theater, and the aggressive widow—these are 0. Harmonically considered, Wagner did not origi¬i- certain inovations in the manner of writing dramatic ducting without the score,—a thing then almost un¬ hauser” upside down before him. “Yes." he said, “I aggeration in this matter, as in nearly everything m heard of. When, at the rehearsal for his last concert, the world which appeals to the emotion of wonder the elements of authority in which Bayreuth still nate new chords. Bach was as great a harmonist ass music, which innovations have subsequently proved to know it is upside down; but it didn’t sound right stands high. But of actual interpretation of Wag¬ Wagner, and Bach used nearly or quite all the ex¬:- be true to the inner ideal of music and valuable eon- he conducted the “Eroiea” symphony from memory The chief thing with the most successful memorirev* ,er way.” ners works—as to conception, artistic carrying out, tremely-altered chords, which at first made suchh tributions to the progress of art. He has created re- he was overwhelmed with protestations against treat¬ ner was devotedly attached to animals, and was among the blind is not so much feats of speed like the growth of a mushroom, or the ill-fated gourd of finish, and thoroughness of ensemble—Bayreuth is by trouble to the anti-Wagnerians. What Wagner didd markable fancy works of the operatic kind; and these ing Beethoven’s music so cavalierly, and he finally without a dog as companion. One or two of Jonah, a* the solidity and consequent permanence of no means any longer a worthy Jerusalem for the tribes do was to employ these altered chords in novel ways,s, works, after being strenuously denied, have at last consented to use a score at the concert the next day. s have become historic; for example, the b.g attainment made. Just add a little, a very little, every to seek in their yearly purification. in which his constant flowing of voices, and his dra¬i- passed into the whole wor'd of opera-houses, where It went-off with great eclat; at its close the critics mdland. “Robber,” who accompanied him in day, and you will be amaxed to what a mountain it From certain points of view there is no longer a matic instinct enabled him to give every chord a set¬t- they hold the most commanding positions and dwart gathered round the conductor’s desK and overwhelmed t visit to Paris and who figures in Wagner’s will come. I am never asked to speak upon this topic Wagnerian “question,” in the sense that there was ting in which its full dramatic and emotional sig¬5- the standard Italian repertory into mere melodioU’ Wagner with congratulations. They one and aU found graphical story, “A Foreign Musician in Pans ’ without thinking of Dr. Luther's famous dirtwm, so. always such a question, and sometimes several of nificance was brought to the consciousness of thele superficialities. But that in spite of having made a vast improvement in the symphony over the rehear r dog, “Pepe," Wagner declared, assisted him at the riak of repetition, but without any risk of them, anvwhere between 1843 and 187fl. The follow¬ listener. these improvements and having created such astonish sal of the day before, due to his having had the notes posing “TannhSuser.” His place was constantly wasting space upon that which is without profit let ing points have been conceded by all intelligent musi¬ 7. Wagner's philosophy, which runs through hisis ing works, the w orks also contain such an unusual hetore him, w-hen some one happened to open the score rner’s feet, and at times, while his master was 0,1 me quote. cians: librettos, was mainly rubbish, the superficial profun¬1- percentage of rubbish that these themselves are des the desk and to his astonishment found that it throes of composition, singing and playing in When be was asked how he could execute so vast s 1. Wagner’s music has vast power over the feeling dity of a half-educated genius. All his theologic "as that of “The Barber of SeviUe,” and a piano score ial boisterous manner, “Peps” would spnng ic tined to wear out their popularity, and at a perm labor as translating the Holy Bible into that comer and imagination of those who hear it understandingly polemic, his “guileless fool,” etc., are figments of a at that! ,e table and howl piteously. This Wagner took a not very remote take their place in the concert-room stone of German culture the. vernacular Bible, while —or hear it at all. In this respect he was one of the brain given over to mystic revery in provinces over In appearance Wagner was slight and under middle iticism of his mimic. “What.” he would say. er as instrumental music only. occupied in so many other arduous latwra, be said strongest writers known in musical art. which his intellect had not, as yet, acquired mastery. height, but his head was large and his forehead enor- Mm hv the paw, “floes it not please you’ then. y. 12. When the air shall have cleared, it will probab J “Sulla tie* risr Hu**." “No day without a Itne." - 2. Structurally considered, Wagner's music begins 8. Wagner’s librettos are mainly rubbish, grandiose mous. It can well be imagined that these peculiari¬ se be found that Wagner’s influence upon the total pro? something done every day. where Robert Schumann left off, with an intense lean¬ as they seem, and highly picturesque as some of theirir ress of art will consist mainly in his influence upon ties were not lost sight of by the caricaturists, w o ing to the thematic in construction: so that whole episodes are. His standing as poet rests upon assump¬p- musical construction, taking the term to cover t * f°und in the music of the future an apt subject pages are developed out of a singte theme—just as in tion ; were his work to be tried by the standards ap¬p- entire art of musical expression, as illustrated Hi 442 THE etude 443 this as a necessary and agreeable quality after the numberless controversial tomes discussing his views. THE LITERATURE OF WAGNER- Wagners Influence on Piano Composition. and in thia way all the works hare been made per¬ But space forbids our dwelling any longer on Wag¬ fectly accessible to all grades of pianistir development. ner's biographers, and we must now take up By EMIL LIEBLING. By FRANK H. MARLING. That Wagner will, after many ages, share the fate of his predecessors and mark only onr of numerous Critical Works on Wagner. consecutive epochs in musical art is simply a diapensa mended by a competent authority as an admirable Richard Wagner’s influence has predominated in The latest—and in many respects the best—work of tion of inexorable fate, but it will be many year, be [it to be great means to be much written about, on the whole, there is no disposition to follow the statement, in concise form, of Wagner's views) and the musical life of the world for many years, and even and to be the subject of a imposing body of litera¬ this character is Lavignac’s “The Music-Dramas of fore so decided a wave ot special productivity will his “Letters to Wesendonek” and “Letters to Emi precept of the unrivaled master; when in rare eases Richard Wagner,” which is translated from the at the present day permeates most intimately the domineer the entire world to the exclusion of all ture, Wagner certai ly ranks as one of the greatest it has been attempted, the results are what may be Heckel.” French. This has been received with almost universal musical output of all nations. It is interesting to others. musicians the world has ever seen. The volumes per¬ expected—deplorable. Perchance the limitations of Biographies of Wagner. commendation alike by professional musicians, critics, note that sooner or later all opponents to him and his taining to his life and works outnumber, in the pro the instrument have something to do with this seem and amateurs. It is admirably clear and concise, free theories came to grief, and that all opposition finally portion of live to one, those relating to any other It is probable that as an all-around book, there is no ing abstinence. It is therefore only necessary to dis¬ composer of equal rank. This fact bears eloquent from sentimentalism and gush, and is, besides, thor¬ ceased. Heinrich Dorn, who protested ably against OUTLINE SKETCH OF RICHARD WAGNERS more satisfactory life of Wagner than the one written cuss the various arrangements and transcription-, testimony to his wonderful intlucnce on his generation. oughly accurate and scholarly. It is illustrated on a Wagner, lost his position as Musical Director of the LIFE. by one of our own countrymen, Mr. Henry T. Fmck. which have been made for the benefit of the pianist Xo man* unless possessed of colossal genius, could so liberal scale, the leit motifs are given in full in mu¬ Berlin Opera in consequence of his reactionary views; Mr. Finck has been for years an ardent American by various writers, and among these Liszt naturally dominate the world of music, as he has done, for a sical notation, and there are numerous helpful tables the pointed pens of Lindau and Hanslick wasted their champion of Wagner, and devoted years of enthusi¬ heads the list. Many of his arrangements are with Richard Waonkk was born in Leipzig, May 22, score of years and more. In view of this unquestioned (of characters, etc.), charts, diagrams, scenes, analyses, ink when attacking the master with ridicule and astic research to this work. In its production he was rare skill so adjusted as to be within easy reach of biting sarcasm, and Rubinstein simply betrays 1813. Six montlis later hit mother was left a widow, fact, it is an imperative necessity for the musician and biographies, and other aids. less proficient performers; for instance, “Lohengrin ’: greatly favored by having had access to much of Wag¬ and in 1815 married Ludw ig Geyer, an actor, and re¬ culpable weakness in expressing his views in regard amateur to know something about him and his re¬ An older work, and an excellent one in its way is “Elsa’s Brautzug zum Miinster,” “Elsa’s Dream,” and ner’s correspondence w hich ad not been used by any moved to Dresden. Five years’ later Geyer died, and markable creations. One who is not informed on the Burlingame’s “Wagner’s Art-Life and Theories.” This to the Wagner cult; the pioneers of the new de¬ of his predecessors, and his volumes have therefore “Lohengrin’s Venveis an Elsa.” The “Tannhiiuser in 1827 the family returned to la-ipzig, where Koaalie, subject of Wagner in these days, when his name is has been condensed from Wagner’s voluminous writ¬ parture—like Pohl, Liszt, Tausig, and others—lived an authority, accuracy, and fullness of detail lacking March” is splendidly transcribed, and the “Spinning the eldest daughter, was engaged in the theater. on every lip, is certainly behind the times. No ings, and has a catalogue of his work and drawings to see their early judgment vindicated triumphantly. in other lives. It is also the only life which gives an Song,’ from the “Flying Dutchman," always pleases Richard entered the university, but, influenced by his apology is therefore necessary for this article, point¬ of the Bayreuth Opera-House. It has always been a favorite idea account of the pathetic incidents connected with the enthusiasm for the music of Beethoven ing out to the reader the best literature on this An important work showing the progress of Wag- with composers to connect definite last weeks of Wagner’s life and his bunal at Bay¬ and contact with the dramatic pro modern Colosstis of music. nerism in America is the “Anton Seidl Memorial scenes or sentiments, even occurrences, reuth. Mr. Finck’s journalistic experience has quali¬ fesaion, determined to la-come a dra¬ Volume,” of which a limited edition was published a with certain musical phrases, and, Wagner’s Literary Works. fier. him to tell the story in an engaging and pictur¬ matic compoaer. few years ago, and was almost entirely subscribed for after the listener has been furnished esque literary form. It is gratifying to record the Hi. first attempts at composition It may not be known to many admirers of Wagner's at once. It contains some articles on Wagner and the necessary diagram, there seemed fact that the value of the work has been recognized were an overture, performed at a local genius that he was a poet, dramatist, and philosopher, to be no difficulty at all about grasp¬ by the musical world, as the book is now in its fifth his art, written by Mr. Seidl himself. theater, ami some four hand musie for as well as a composer. His literary writings comprise “Studies in the Wagnerian Drama,” by H. E. Kreh- ing the intended meaning. Couperin edition and is not likely to be superseded for many the piano. In 1832 he viaitrd Vienna ten good-sized volumes in the original German, and biel, is from the pen of the accomplished critic of the and the other old French masters years to come. with scores of an overture and a sym¬ they have been recently translated into English in New who has a national reputation as But Mr. Finck has ot been without competitors as York Tribune, illustrate sundry and divers musical phony, but found no engagement. In eight large octavo volumes by W. Ashton Ellis, an a Wagner biographer. One of the most formidable of a writer on musical subjects. In his treatment of the problems by more or less relevant 1833 he took a position as chorus indefatigable English Wagnerite. these is Mr. H. S. Chamberlain, whose “Life of Wag¬ various dramas he shows the thoroughness of his music; the Abbe Vogler succeeded in master in the theater of Wftrxburg, Such a literary output would be a considerable result ner” has been brought out in a large quarto volume, scholarship, his grasp of the subject, and his critical carrying the idea to a reductio ad and there eompoaed hit first opera, for any author to show after the labor of a life-time, “The Fairies.” In 1834 he went to superbly illustrated with portraits of Wagner, fac¬ ability. Another New York Critic, Mr. W. J. Hen¬ dbsurdum. Bach’s caprice on the de¬ but is specially noteworthy when it is considered that Magdeburg as director of music in similes of his scores, scenes from his operas, etc. This derson, of the Nmc York Times, devotes half of his parture of a friend is really very funny it formed only one feature, and that a minor one, of small volume, “Preludes and Studies,” to an inde¬ and decidedly humorous (though in the theater, where his “Love-Veto” Wagner’s activity. In these volumes his well-known pendent and suggestive study of Wagner’s operas. rather a heavy Teutonic way); had one performance. In 183fi he took and* much-debated theories of music are put forth Mr. Gustav Kobbe’s “Wagner and His Works” has Haydn’s musical illustration of chaos a similar position in KOnigsberg, ami with the author’s characteristic earnestness and in¬ married Minna 1’laner, an actress. In enjoyed great popularity for a number of years, being in the “Creation” is very suggestive; tensity of conviction. It is of great interest to the 1837 he accepted a better |K«it ion in very happily adapted in its explanation of Wagner s Mozart accompanies the various do¬ Wagner-lover to read, in these productions of his pen, Riga, and in 1839 went to Paris by operas to the great musical public, whose knowledge ings and misdoings of the various the first proclamation of his famous views on the way of England, in the vain hope of is limited, but whose desire to increase it is keen. A actors in “Don Giovanni” with most music-drama (which have so largely revolutionized having his partially finished “Rienzi” capital guide to the Ring of the Nibelung” is Miss characteristic strains; Handel is de¬ the opera of this generation), and his explanation and Autograph of Wagner. brought out at the Optra. He re Winworth’s “Epic of Sounds,” which analyzes each cidedly happy in giving a fitting de¬ criticism of his own compositions. These and kindred mained there in great want until "Ki- life, however, does not give so much biographical ma¬ scene, and mentions sixty-eight motives, which are scriptive background to the scene of themes such as his views on conducting, stage-man enzi” waa produced in Dresden, Octo¬ terial as others, but devotes much of its space to a printed together at the end of the volume. Hans von his oratorios; in short, there is not a agement, art, and politics, his political and theological ber 20, 1842. In 1843 he was appointed very able and authoritative exposition of Wagner’s Wolzogen’s “Guides Through the Music of the Ring composer of note who has not preceded beliefs, besides numerous other topics are discussed by- capellmeister at the Royal Opera in writings and teachings, under such divisions as of the Nibelung, Parsifal, and Tristan und Isolde, Wagner in the practical application Wagner with an ability, originality, and force which Dresden, where “The Flying Dutch “Politics,” “Philosophy,” “Regeneration,” and “Art- are by a German scholar of well-established position, of what later on turned out to he the have won for him a high rank as a thinker and man" (January 2, 1843) and “Tann Doctrine,” all of w hich are of great assistance to the and are classics in their field. They contain full ex¬ fruitful the pivotal feature writer, entirely apart from his work as a composer. leit-motif, hSuser” (October 19, 1845) were given. planations of all the typical phrases, besides an anal¬ One of his most celebrated literary brochures is a reader endeavoring to understand Wagner’s point of of Wagner’s work. A remarkable feat¬ In 1849 he was forced to flee to novelette entitled “A Pilgrimage to Beethoven,” which view. His descriptions and critical analyses of the ysis of the plots. ure of his all-pervading sway is the Switzerland because of participation Unfortunately there is no time to record further has been keenly enjoyed by thousands of lovers of the great music-dramas and the BayTeuth festivals lend intense power exerted oveV his con¬ in political riota. There he occupied many excellent critical works on Wagner, which have two greatest musical geniuses of the nineteenth cent¬ additional interest and value to the book. temporaries, and which not even Verdi himself with polemical writing and Jullien’s “Life of Wagner” is a work in the same multiplied with great rapidity in recent years. We sketching cut "The Ring of the Ni¬ ury. His ‘‘Essay on Beethoven” has been translated and Bizet could ignore or resist. They Richard Wagner’s Home at Bayreuth. must, however, refer to Weston’s “Legends of the several times, and is a classic in critical musical liter¬ class with Mr. Chamberlain’s. It is in two volumes of all were glad to profit by his example belung” and “Triatan und Iaolde.” quarto size, and is remarkably rich in its illustrative Wagner Drama,” which gives accurate information re¬ and adopt his teachings. That Wag¬ August 28, 1850, “Lohengrin" was brought out at ature, while his "Essay on Conducting" is of special an audience when adequately performed. A ‘Than material. The unique feature among its pictures garding the legends on which Wagner based his great ner himself learned much from others, principally Weimar. In March, 1802, he wa* allowed to return value to professional musicians. tasiestfick,” from “Rienzi” is comparatively less (which comprise portraits, operatic scenes, theaters, productions, and treats of their origin, mythical sig¬ Weber, is neither here nor there; the fact remains to Dresden. known, hut very effective. “Isolde’s Liebestod from Wagner's Correspondence. autographs, a d a multitude of other matters) is a nificance, development in mediaeval literature, and the that his puissant force and magnificent achievements In 1864 he waa granted a pension and promised as “Tristan," is a remarkable reproduction of the in collection of numerous caricatures of the great com¬ manner in which Wagner reshaped and reanimate sistanee in musical reforms by the young king of Several volumes of Wagner's letters have been conquered the globe. tricaeies'which the original score contains; the para poser, gathered from widely different sources. Many them. A few masters remained outside of his ban; for Bavaria, l.udw ig II- On June 10, 1865, the first per issued. The best known of these is his “Correspond¬ pi,rase of “Am Stiffen Herd.” from the Me.ster of these are delightfully clever and amusing, and often There are also a number of helpful books on the example, Brahms, Saint-Saens, Dvorak, and Tschai- forms nee of “Tristan und Isolde” was consummated ence with Liszt,” w hich possesses an unusual interest singer " is less well done, more involved, and not so illuminate the text in a vivid manner most refreshing individual operas for those who wish to study them at Munich. on account of the historic friendship between the two. kowsky. Richard Strauss, however, has really out- practical for study or concert use. Bende.’s tr-rerip- to the reader. In 1865 Wagner again removed to Sw itzerland. On Wagner’s letters, in this collection, occupy more space in greater detail. "agnered his great prototype, and is carrying musie Lns are particularly acceptable and u*iMe; they in- But we must hasten on to mention more briefly Notable examples of this class are Kufferath’s “The June 21, 1868, occurred the first performance of “Die and exceed in number those of Liszt, being arranged into the boundless waste of unknown possibilities. cIude themes from the “Walkiire ” “S-egfned «d Meistersinger” at Munith. followed hr “Das Rhein in chronological order. They reveal, with startling some smaller biographies which may, perhaps, be more Parsifal of Richard Wagner”; Parson’s “Pars.fal. or To men of great ability his influence has been a grand “Meistersinger.” The “Ride of the gold.” September 22. I860, and “Die WalkOreJune within the reach, both in purse and in leisure, of clearness, the difficulties and discouragements under the Finding of Christ Through Art”; Benoit s The incentive; to weaker vessels, fatal. That which in been arranged bv Tausig and Brase.n; the latter .* 2« 1870—the first two dramas of The Ring of the which Wagner labored for many years, and inci¬ many readers of The Etude. An admirable small Typical Motives of the Master-Singers” and of “Tristan strong hands remains a faithful tool, becomes to feeble preferable York'. dentally bear w itness to the unselfish devotion of Liszt life of Wagner is the one in the “Great-Musician nrd Isolde”; “Parsifal and Wagner's Christianity, intellects the rock on which they founder. These NiWuiig*" In 1870, having been * widower four year#, he mar to his friend, in whose genius and ultimate success he Series,” by F. Hueffer, a noted English critic of high by David Irvine; “Wagner’3 Ring of the Nibelun,, vapid imitators select vague themes, inherently unfit andTeonlider it much* more feasible than that by Tied rosima. daughter of Franz IJsxt. and removed to had such unwavering faith. In another volume, en¬ standing, who briefly and concisely tells the life-story, and the "Conditions of Idea Manhood” by Davi ter musical illustration, and then fit fsic) equally Brassin • it preserves all the necessaryReading featur Bavreuth. May 22, 1872, his sixtieth birthday, art titled “Letters to his Dresden Friends,” written when omitting no essential points. More recent volumes Irvine, etc. inane tonal phrases thereto, and thus many sym Tthe swre without burdening the performer with the neiised the laying of the corner-stone of the Bwtiml of the score which Brassin constantly he was a political exile, are comprised Wagner’s com¬ on the same concise plan are by C. A. Lidgey, in the Phonic poems and operas of the present day are pro Wagner for Children. Theater at Bavreuth, and August 13-17, 1876, the munications to three German friends who enjoyed his “Master-Musician Series,” and Ludwig Nohl’s “Life of dneed; happily most, of them remain in manuscript, man'V Joseph Rubinstein excels in some arrangements U3e9. Joseph ^ and there also many inauguration of the Festival Theater by the «ret per¬ confidence and sympathy. In them we find the Wagner.” Praeger’s “Wagner as I Knew Him” is of A line must be added to say that in the rWagner nnd benefit the paper dealer only instead of taking up of scenes bom Ot etaieT form by formance of “The Ring of the Nibelung/ On Julj frankest and fullest references to his great music- a different order, being the personal reminiscences of Story-Book,’ by H. F. Frost, will be found a charm¬ Tnluable space at music stores and musical libraries. ,nd in transcriptions or ge _ n,,hWrt«. and Rupp. 28 1882. the first performance of “Parsifal" was given dramas which he had then begun to write, and also one who knew him well, and thus has the merit of ing collection of Wagner’s stories told in a fresh an Singularly enough, piano composers have almost at Bayreuth. On February 13, 1883. Wagner died sud many intimate personal touches which throw a flood a truthful account of him at first hand. Wagner's imaginative way for children, and Miss A. A. Chapm t'eely escaped the prevailing deluge: we find not l!l- denlv from heart disease in Venice. of light cm his character and daily life. Of a similar characteristics, habits, and personality are emphasized, has three volumes on Wagner’s operas which have reminiscent of Wagner in Chaminade. Mac Dowel . or character are his “Letters to August Roeckel” (recom¬ in contradistinction to his theories, and we welcome been widely popular among young people. ^rieg; Sinding occasionally brings suggestions. 444 T fl E etude “mystic.” Why ? Because it is not, I suppose. What THE ETUDE ♦46 puerile trumpery is that refusal of a man to reveal his name! And Elsa! Why rot Lots wife, whose curi¬ element adds seriousness to th. otherwise bold pro osity turned her into a salt trust! and the total rffc-t may be compared to the You may notice just here what the Wagnerians are sensation one experieme* in beholding, («, fir„, pleased to call the Master’s “second” manner. Rub¬ wme. some strange e«-enr. There are depths trim* bish ! It is a return to the Italians. It is a graft of glistening Italian sensuality upon Wagner’s strenuous Wagner’s Harmonic Methods. Ex. 5. TAh*HAt
only if the original idea is imperfectly formulated, Kullak. which, however was not Wagner's case; for he em¬ fiow to meet the new in Art. My next master was Theodor Kullak; he had the bodied his views and principles in works of such stu¬ strange peculiarity of getting old every year about pendous artistic power, of such philosophical weight, j* j* j* the end of March, when the season’s work began to and of such masterly workmanship as to entitle them By CONSTANTIN VON STERNBERG. tell on him. Then it was Bach, Bach, Bach, and some to a place of honor among the world’s most exquisite Mozart, at times even Hummel that we had to play. and enduring spiritual enrichments. His enemies, how¬ J* J* J* But when we returned from vacation and most of us ever, had moved so long in the ruts of conventional brought some new work by a new or little-known traditions that they could not free their minds of pre¬ Did it ever strike you, when you heard people speak composer, along, to obtain Kullak’s well-weighed and conceived requirements, suppositions, and expectations, of a person unknown to yourself as being “conserva¬ just opinion,—why, we found that he knew them all, however unjust and unwarranted they were; and this tive,” that you at once imagined that person to be of mostly by memory, and that he knew' and recom¬ is an unequivocal symptom of old age, mentally middle age, or past it? Why do we not imagine the mended some other work by the same man, which we speaking. unknown conservative to be young? Because youth had never heard of. He was always years and years Wagnekites. has certain privileges, like enthusiasm, generosity of ahead of all of us. One sad day, when Moszkowski sympathy, trustfulness, the energy to face difficulties, Young Germany, however, and the thousands of told me of Kullak's sudden death, my first words, after the hope in the new, all of which must be, to some young foreigners—like myself—who studied in Ger¬ the violence of the unexpected shock had subsided, degree, outlived before a person can possibly prefer many, they embraced Wagner’s art with such fervor were: “and so young!” And it was not until we things as they are, and oppose the new on principle. as to quickly break down the board fence of prejudice, found it in the cyclopedia that we realized his age to A young man who is conservative is a hypocrite, erected and, of course, defended by the old fogies. have been—after all—sixty-four! Ah, what an en¬ either by disposition or by force of circumstance; or Ah, it was a great fight! A fight that meant expul¬ thusiast he was for the new in art, as well as for the he has the disposition of a clam, or he is so narrow¬ sion from a safe position, or from the Royal Institute, old masters! And how closely this enthusiasm has minded as to view the world solely from the egoistic with its consequent struggles and misery, to many: brought us together, the master and his worshipers,— stand-point of his personal and material gain. a fight which called into action the best that w'as in I say: his worshipers,—how we loved him, and how I am not blind to the charm of what is called a man; a fight for an ideal, than which there is no we to this day instinctively regulate our musical “settled circumstances.” Ah, life grows smooth and nobler cause; it was a fight for the rights of the living doings by the thought: What would Master Kullak easy under them; the days, weeks, and years pass geneVation against the, surely not intended, tyranny say? He is not dead, he is merely absent. pleasantly; care and worry grow to be almost stran¬ of the dead! And while the decrepit enemies may gers, and from the comfortable retreat of self-satisfied Liszt. have seen nothing but disgrace in their defeat, the
repose and abandoned doubts the w hirling world looks Coming to Liszt, I met the youngest person I ever younger side of the participants have learned a last¬ like a noisy, bustling, hustling, but safely-distant fair¬ saw. He was so young that old people did not even ing lesson from their victory! I have remained in ground. If, however, settled circumstances are ac¬ interest him, lest their age, like his own, was a mere more or less close touch with the “crazy fanatics,”—as companied by settled, or “set,” ideas,—which is some¬ concomitant, a physical incident, say, like a shorter the old fogies used to call us,—and therefore I speak times the case,—then calmness turns into torpidity, limb, or differently-colored eyes. He was conversant knowingly when I say that we all learned a great rest into dullness, and repose into stagnation, which is with the oldest of the old, with the newest of the lesson in this fight; a lesson which bore the fruit that, a symptom of decay. new, in music, in books, in the achievements of science, in spite of our enthusiastic love and admiration for Ah, we wish to remain young, and rightly so. That in all art. He had the widest circle of interest of Wagner, we did not regard him “as the absolute, irrev¬ vain and shallow people resort to paint, powder, and any man, I believe, in all history. He spent his cigars ocable, and final end of all music”—as Moscheles re¬ enamels in this desire does not make the desire itself and his money among his poorer students with the garded Beethoven—but that we kept our minds and ridiculous, but only their low conception of youth, light-hearted generosity of a fellow’-student. He was hearts just as widely open for Brahms, Tschaikowski, which stops at and stoops to the merely physical as¬ the brightest and wittiest among us, the noblest, the Cesar Frank, Richard Strauss, and for the rising gen¬ pect of it. The desire to remain young is legitimate; loftiest, the most lovable, sympathetic, co-rejoicing, eration, among whom I noticed quite a number of it is one of those blessed wishes which carry their co suffering friend one could yearn for; he was deeply “whelps” that bid fair to convince us some day that fulfillment in themselves, end I hope this beautiful interested in our little affairs dr eaeur, in our student- they were “lion-whelps.” wish is common to all of us. But we must realize the pranks,—ah, he was young despite his nearly seventy Truth is but one, but its expressions are many. sternness of Nature! It cannot be cheated! However years, and he remained young to his death. The more of these expressions you grasp, the nearer skillfully the lotions, potions, paints, and powders be Now, what kept the latter two masters so young, you come to Truth. If you wish to avoid the gravest compounded; however adroit and well contrived be while the first one grew so old? It was their willing¬ of all mistakes in this matter, the one most pregnant the sophisms by which we turn our sins into necessi¬ ness to renounce that tacitly-admitted privilege of old with disastrous results, you must not judge a new ties, expediencies, mere foibles, or innocuous diversions age to prescribe lo youth how things should be done, thought from the stand-point of your own material —Bios Logos is inexorably just! He insists upon pay¬ instead of merely advising. They both realized the interest; rather try to reconcile your material interest ment with large interest for every debt our self-indul¬ fact that each time has its own spirit; that to share with the new thought, for this will keep you young! gence may have incurred, but he metes out a-high re¬ this spirit means to live in that time; and that to In facing a new' art-work do not expect it to tell you ward for every virtue we have made our own. Thus, retire from it, or oppose it, means death, spiritually the story whic-h you know already, or which you be¬ if we aspire to the prize of life-long spiritual youth,— first, and literally soon after. They chose the former. lieve to surmise, or W'hieh you should like to hear; ana this is never totally separate from a partial phys¬ but try to get en rapport with the artist, to under¬ ical reflex,—we have to renounce certain privileges Opposition' to Wagner. stand irhat he wishes to convey to you. It will be of old age, while still heeding and discharging its When Wagner's art began to claim attention, it better than what you expected, in most cases. If he obligations. encountered a perfect cyclone of opposition, a cyclone tells his story well, he is a master! But if you think This may be done, or it may not be done; it is left which did not stop at the art-works, but threatened that he did not—the fault may not be his. It may to our own sweet will and pleasure, I believe. If it is the master’s person as well. His works were not de¬ be that his new way of telling it bewildered you, and done, our environment will be happy while we live, clined by a tacit denial of approval, as was and still that you may need a repetition or two before you un¬ and will regard our final demise as a much lamented is the customary mode of public refusal or discourage¬ derstand it. Remember that the best things of life and regretted, but purely physical, incident. If it is ment, and as we can see it practiced every season on never fling themselves at you, but that you must woo not done, our environment deserves no reproach for a considerable number of operas, plays, eoneertists, and win them. regarding our death as the means of removing a tradi¬ etc. No; Wagner's works were vilified, abused, And now—God speed your way into Wagner's art! tionally-revered obstacle in the path of spiritual scoffed at in most reprehensible terms; the opponents Just keep in mind that this master's name is W agner, progress. wished Wagner to be sent to a lunatic asylum, to not Beethoven! Do not express your opinion before Let me illustrate this by my own three masters. jail, to the .penitentiary, and what-not! having reflected that the world, your whole contempo¬ But who were the enemies? They were men whom Moschei.es. rary world, has judged. This need not intimidate your the French would call “arricies,” which means that judgment any more than it did Wagner’s own; but When I met Moscheles, he had lived about sixtv- in one way or another they were safely landed in it must govern your mode of forming an opinion, as five years. Yet he was so old at that age that he sinecures, offices, reputations, settled circumstances, it did his, and that of all truthful and sincere people. regarded Beethoven as the absolute, irrevocable, and set ideas. They ruminated what they had learned plus How I envy you, those who face Wagner's works for final end of all music. To his mind Beethoven him¬ thirty to forty years before, and had never understood the first time! To be sure, they have not paled on me: self had proved it, because the works of his last period, that a thing need not be had, just because it is dif¬ but the thrill of delirious rapture w'hieh the first touch which we regard as the prophetic one, were senile and ferent from precedent. There were, of course, also imparts is something which, in all substantial tilings, confused, — so Moscheles said. Of Schumann he those who merely joined the chorus of invectives be¬ must give way to a more earnest and penetrating ap¬ thought that he was “not without talent,” but people cause circumstance had made them dependent upon preciation. Still—I envy you, I covet this delirium! who can technically master his “things “may as well one of the leaders of the chorus, and not to join it W henever I hear one of his works after a pause of a play something better.” Chopin was, in his opinion, might—I cannot say: should—have caused the losing few seasons, I experience a pretty fair echo of this “gone daft,” talented beyond a doubt, but^ completely of their jobs. condition, and hence I know that this thrill of joy, crazy! Moscheles was a dear old man in many re¬ It never occurred to Wagner’s enemies that an idea of intoxicating exuberance—or as I said: this delirium spects, a lovable old man, but distinctly an old man. cannot he killed, except by its own progeny, and then of rapture—is well worth the envy of an appreciator.
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Canadian Copyright. Permission of Anglo-Canadian M. P. Association. li H THE etude rt tempo 447 #- i berich. goaded to madness, puts a curse on the ring de- HUM. f'anng it will bring death to him who owns it £u„ '' ' ' T! f r -i « ■-tends keeping the ring, bu, is forced to yield it t ^ fore__-. myrap-tur’d r»/!«sens • -_ es BePa _- forefr\r, mylong-ing eyes; The harps of the heav n - ly tUrn- fight ^ ^ *
storv'ofwT^f '“The Va'k>W’> the storj of Wotan a two children by an earthly mother Siegmund and Sieglinda. The brother and sister are turns, but have been separated since birth and know- nothing of each other until they meet by chance in Sicglindas home, where she leads an unhappy life vv.t > a brutal husband, Hunding. At her marriage t\ otan ap,.eared and thrust a sword into the huge ash-tree which stands in the center of her dwelling, aa.ving that it would bring victory to the man who The first two operas which Wagner wrote—“The . accei. pears to bear him away. After disclosing his name should lie strong enough to withdraw it. Siegmund Fairies” and “The LovE-VETo”-can be dismissed 3E2= and mission to the whole court assembled, he leaves is a fugitive and unarmed; threatened by Hunding with short shrift as being what he called youthful sins. J- first changing the swan into the young prince, who he releases the sword with a mighty effort and flees The first was never produced during his life-time, and had been thus transformed by the sorcery of Ortrude. with Meglinda. Fricka. Wotan’s wife and the Goddess f- r the second survived only one performance, at Magde¬ And then I knew tin of Marriage, is outraged at this violation of marriage min - strels He - sound - ed thro’ t burg, in 1830. They showed no particular originality, “Tristan und Isolde” tells the story of Tristan, of vows, and forces Wotan to withdraw his protection cresc. ed accei. but were largely echoes of the prevailing taste of the Brittany, who has been sent to Ireland to bring Isolde, day. the Irish princess, as bride to his uncle, old King from Siegmund. Brlinnhilde. the Valkyrie, touched Mark, of Cornwall. Isolde is constrained to yield from I1'*-'’- e-dcavors to save Siegmund, hut fails; Wotan Rienzi ’ was modeled after the grandiose style of reasons of state. Tristan has killed her betrothed. suddenly appears, breaks the hero’s sword by a touch Spontini and Meyerbeer, and shows but few traces of of his spear, and Siegmund falls an easy prey to Bun¬ Morold, and for revenge she commands her maid. the future Wagner. The story is taken from Bulwer’s Brangaene, to prepare a poisoned draught, of which ding. As punishment for BrOnnhilde’s disobedience. novel of the same name. Rienzi’s sister, Irene, who Wotan casts her into a deep sleep, but for a partial she drinks after he has partaken. Brangaene, how¬ is betrothed to Adriano, is victim to an attempted ab¬ protection, surrounds the place of her slumber with ever, instead of poison has mingled a love-potion duction by Orsini, a dissolute Roman noble. Rienzi inextinguishable flames, so that none but a hero may which makes them lovers. Through the treachery of seeks revenge by raising an insurrection against the dare appronch her. a false friend, Melot, their secret is disclosed to the nobles, and for a time is successful. His followers king. Tristan, overcome by remorse, allows Melot to “Siegfried” o(>cn* with a scene in the cave where finally turn against him; they set fire to Rome, and ritard Tempo I//H deal him a murderous blow, from which he finully -Mime, the dwarf, brother of Alberich. has brought up w- •- Rienzi, with Irene and Adriano, perishes in the flames. dies, hut not before he has been borne to his home the young Siegfried, son of Siegmund and SieglimU. bsy r- - -T - t -0*- “The Flting Dutchman” (“Der Fliegende Hol¬ in Brittany by his faithful servant, Kurwenal. There Siegfried succeeds in forging together the fragments of -j--— -1-1*- m l-J 1" :r. t • r f l lander ) was inspired by a stormy passage over the Isolde finds him, and expires over his dead body. his father’s sword and with it kills fafner. who has North Sea on Wagner’s journey to England in 1839. taken the form of a dragon, and takes possession of song di - vine Came down from the Cit-y of Light. Glo - ry to God in the “Die Meistersinger" is an exception to most of the ring und the tarnhelm. though ignorant of their For blasphemy the Dutch captain, Vanderdecken, is V agner’s operas in not being founded upon a legend Milne. In the eonlliet a drop of the dragon's bios] condemned to cruise until he find a woman who shall or myth. The scene is laid in Nuremberg during (he falls burning hot on his finger. He Involuntarily puts prove true to him through every trial. In Senta, sixteenth century. Walter von Stolzing. a youth of it in his mouth and the taste of the blood give* hint daughter of the Norwegian sea-captain, Daland, he be¬ noble birth, is in love with Eva. daughter of the rich knowledge of bird speech. Listening to a bird, ho lieves that he has found the object of his quest. Full goldsmith. Pogner, who is an enthusiastic member of of sympathy for his unhappy fate, she pledges her¬ hears a song telling of a beautiful woman asleep on the guild of master-singers. A competition of singers tlie mountain surrounded by fire. He follows the bird self to him unreservedly and renounces her former is to be held the next day, St. John’s Day. and Pogner as it flutters away and is guided to BrOnnhilde’s rock, lover, Erik, in an interview which the Dutchman sees announces that his daughter’s hand shall bo awarded passes triumphantly through the flames, and wakens from a distance and misunderstands. Believing she the successful competitor. Walter applies for admis¬ her with n kiss. means to abandon him for Erik, he sets off to sea, sion into the guild and is examined by his rival. Beck- “Die G.iTTERDAMMF.IlUNo" (“The Twilight of the heedless of Senta’s entreaties. Determined to prove messer, but fails on account of his ignorance of the Gods") shows Siegfried, who has left Brlinnhilde for her devotion, she leaps into the sea: the vessel technical rules of versification. Hans Sachs, the cob¬ a time, journeying in search of adventure. On the crumbles and disappears, while the glorified forms of bler-poet. feels kindly toward Walter and takes him shores of the Rhine in the jialaee of the Giliiehungs, the lovers are seen transfigured in the clouds. into his house and instructs him in the laws of poet¬ he meets Gunther, his sister Gutrune, and their half “Tannhauser” opens with a scene in the Venus- ical art. The song which Walter writes is left on the brother, Hagen. Gutrune serves f-iegfried with a table; Beckmesser enters and possesses himself of it, Swell forth the grand re frain. berg, the subterranean abode of Venus, the heathen drink which causes him to for get Brlinnhilde and fait thinking that it has been written by Sachs. He at¬ Goddess of Love. Tannhauser, a knight of Thuringia, in love with her. They then tel) him the story of tempts to sing it at the competition, but fails lament¬ is, for a time, a willing captive to her charms. He Brlinnhilde on the cliff surrounded by flames, and he ably and is hooted from the place, leaving Walter the finally breaks her power, reaches the outer world, and volunteer* to find her and bring her as a bride to victor. finds his way to the tournament of minstrels at the Gunther. This he does, assuming Gunther's form Wartburg. There he is welcomed by the Landgrave “The Ring of the Nitiei.ungs” is a fcyclus of four through the power of the tarnhelm. BrOnnhiliie. ties- and his neice Elizabeth, who has long felt a tender music-dramas based upon Germanic and Scandinavian jierate at his seeming' treachery. conspires with Gun¬ regard for Tannhauser. Carried away by the excite¬ legends which relate to prehistoric jx-riods. ther and Hagen to kill 8icgfrtad. llagcn. w hose object ment of the tournament, he audaciously sings the “Das Riieingold” shows the three Rhine nymphs, is to gain possession of the ring, slabs him in the bark, praise of Venus and acknowledges having been her faithful to the command of their master, the god and in death the memory of Brflnnhilde returns to guest in the Venusberg. He is only saved from in¬ Wotan, guarding the gold at the bottom of the Rhine. him. She then realize* that she has been deceived stant death at the hands of the outraged knights by A ring forged from this magic gold confers absolute and immolates herself on Siegfried s funeral pyre, the prayers of Elizabeth. He is persuaded to make a power on its possessor, hut it can only be secured by first throwing the fatal ring into the Rhine, thus re¬ pilgrimage to Rome and implore pardon from the one who is willing to renounce love for power. The storing it to the Rhine nymphs, The flames of the Holy Father. Six months later he returns, haggard dwarf. Alberich. a Nibelung, makes this renunciation pyre mount to WalhalU; it i« consumed and the gods and worn; absolution has been denied and he has and seizes the gold in spite of the efforts of its arc dethroned. resolved to seek refuge with Venus. His friend Wol¬ guardians. Wotan has commanded the giants, Fafner “PARSIFAL.” Wagner’s swat! song is closely allied fram points to the funeral procession of Elizabeth, and Fasolt, to build him a palace, Wallialla, promis¬ to “Lohengrin," since Parsifal is Lohengrin's father. who has died while praying for him. Overcome with ing, as reward, the beautiful Freia, Goddess of Love We find the knights of the Holy Grail in deep distress remorse and crying for pardon, he sinks dead at the and Beauty, a promise which he has no intention of Their head, Amfortas. is anffering from • grievous side of her bier. fulfilling. The giants at first insist upon the reward wound inflicted by the magician Klingsiw, who “Lohengrin.” Lohengrin, a knight of the Holy promised, but, moved by the cunning fire-god Logo, tempted him. through the encrantresa Knndry, to a Grail, appears in a boat drawn by a swan. He comes agree to give up Freia for the treasures amassed by momentary forgetfulness of his duty. This wound for the purpose of defending Elsa, Princess of Brabant, Alberich, who. in virtue of his magic ring, has made can only be healed bv one who is guileless and pure from the charge made by Frederick of Telramund and vassals of his brother Nibelungx. Wotan and Lego in hear! nnd body. Such n one Parsifal jnrve* to be. his wife, Ortrude, that Elsa has murdered her young descend to his retreat (Nibclheim) Mow the earth, and He withstands the temptation to which Amfortas suc¬ brother, heir to the kingdom. He defeats Frederick by trickery dispossess him of the ring. They thus be cumbed, spurns Kundry. and regain* from Kllng*or in combat and marries Elsa, first exacting from her come masters of his treasures, including the ring and a the sarred spear with whirh Amforlaa was wounded. a promise never to ask his name nor whence he comes. tarnhelm (magic helmet) which allows its nearer to be¬ A touch of the spear on Amfortas's side heals the This promise she fails to keep, and the swan reap¬ come invisible or to assume any shape he chooses. Al¬ wound, while Kundry dies repentant at Parsifal’s feet THE ETUDE 44y 448 THE ETUDE THE ESTHETIC QUALITIES OF stage are such that the realization of such an idea is made afterward when men try to account for the por thought of it as a play, any more than they have impossible. thought of Manrico in “II Trovatore” as a man torn tenta of geniua It la very doubtful if Shakespeare WAGNER’S MUSIC. First as to the painting. No one will pretend to say by conflicting emotions, and burdened with griefs. could have written any one of the commentaries on hi* that there is anything in common between the art of Manrico is for them a tenor who sings high notes and own worka that have apjieared since his time; indeed, By H. A. CLARKE, MUS. DOC. scene painting and the art of painting. Their aims most especially a high C. If he cannot do that, he is it ia likely he would be very Much astonished to dis¬ and methods are so much at variance that there is not a failure. How are people with such conceptions of cover what profound theories of art he poearaaed with one canon of the one that will apply to the other. out suspecting their existence. the duties of a tenor to be brought to a sympathetic This is a perilous subject to approach, for two Therefore painting, as a great art, cannot be brought After all that may be said or written, the fact re¬ understanding of a tragedy like “Tannhiiuser”? reasons. First, that to the unflinching partisan of into partnership with poetry and music, at least on the mains that to many this art-form devised by Wagner I must confess that I do not know. But of this I stage. Wagner it is little short of profanity to even hint that ia full of meaning, and that it marki a distinct ad am absolutely certain: that,'when all these people he is sometimes wanting in the esthetic quality. Sec¬ Next as to the poetry. It may sound treasonable vance in the art of, at leaat, dramatie music. Those of are dead, there will be no trouble whatever about ond, that the realm of esthetics is sadly lacking in a to say that there are certain ranges of poetry that na who are here fifty year* from now will lie in a popularizing Wagner. could only suffer loss by being joined to music. The The problem of how to popularize the music of five years or more to hear the operas of Rossini, Bel¬ universally recognized code of laws by which to judge much better position to judge than we, for “Time is There is another obstacle to the spread of a love for fittest poetry for music is the lyric. Now, although Wagner is far more easy of solution in these days lini, Donizetti, and their kind. It has never occurred of the work of artist in music. Still, it is possible to the old justice that triea all offender*.” He take* a the Wagner drama, and that is the universal miscon¬ we speak of the opera as the lyric stage, there is a than it was a quarter of a century ago. Nevertheless to this man that an opera is a play. He has looked lay down certain broad principles to which every long while to make hi* decisions, but, when made, ception of the artistic possibilities of music. This vast amount of so-called “poetry” sung in it that can no rigid rule can be laid down for this operation. upon it as a purely musical entertainment in which work of art must conform before it can establish a tl ere ia never any appeal from them. misconception is like the other, founded entirely upon hardly be called “lyric” by the most violent wrench¬ The conditions are so widely different in different the story exists simply as an excuse for the wearing claim to rank with the world’s great art-treasures. preconceived judgment Beethoven’s symphonies, ing of the word. It may be didactic, or hortatory, or places that various methods must be found. The of pretty costumes end the introduction of graceful It is universally recognized that form is an essential which are regarded as popular music in a musical city minatory, or declamatory, or a dozen other things; THE TRUE SPIRIT IN ADVANCED STUDY. ideal audience to which to address the message of action in the love-duets. The libretto is for him just in all art, which is only another way of saying that like New York, are approached only with a sense of hut, in even the best librettos, there are long reaches Wagner is one which has never heard any opera and a peg to hang sweet songs on. The recitatives do art has certain limitations. duty in some little town where Francis Wilson’s of the most prosaic prose that it is impossible to do BY HENRY C. LAHEE has no acquaintance with any form of drama em¬ not concern him. He does not read the libretto, and Operetta Company or Sousa’s Band has heretofore without, owing to the exigencies of the story—the ploying music. There is no difficulty at all in popu¬ he says that opera should always be given in a foreign Limitations of Music. provided the highest forms of music. And naturally action, the situation, and so on; therefore the union There never waa any lack of ambition in the Amer larizing Wagner among people of this sort, and the tongue because the libretti are so silly that they will people who have learned to understand by the term One of the most necessary limitations of music is does not offer the highest possibilities to the poet, ican student, no matter whether his subject of study ease with which he conquers is dependent everywhere not bear translating. It never occurs to him that “music” coon-songs, dances, ballads, and comic opera rhythm, using the word in its widest sense, so as to except, perhaps, in “spots,” and the possibilities it was law, medicine, music, or something else; but upon the amount of musical prejudgment against these libretti sound silly to the people in whose will be puzzled and annoyed by the majestic thunders include, not only the primary conception of rhythm offers are at best lyrical, which is universally admitted there has always been, and there probably always which he has to contenl. It is a common saying that tongues they are written, and that therefore they of Wagner’s tragic speech. as the recurrence of accents at equal intervals, but the to be not the highest range of poetry. will be, a great tendency to overestimate his own people have to be educated up to Wagner. The truth ought not to exist at ell. It never strikes him that Constant hearing of good music is the only cure balance of motives, phrases, etc., that make a melodic Last of all, the music. If this is great music, it, like ability at an early point in hil career. is precisely the opposite. To persons who have no operas could be made consistent dramas, for he has for this state of affairs. The older persons whose form—the order and succession and regulation of Aaron’s rod, will swallow the others, so they will Music students always have been thoroughly in musical predilections at all Wagner makes himself never thought of them as dramas. earnest, and they have studied at their homes to the Now, when this man goes, for the first time, to hear tastes are formed may thus be led gradually to under¬ themes- that make a cyclic form, and the gradual never be missed. There is nothing very striking in instantaneously comprehensible. The lion in his path best possible advantage. Now, when they seek some a Wagner work he finds that it is not a merely-musical stand that there is something else in music than ear¬ piling up of climax on climax until the supreme cli¬ the “words” of Agatha’s soliloquy, nor need the is a conception of the lyric drama founded upon the great musical center, they go “just for the adver entertainment, but that something serious is going tickling rhythms, and they may thus in the course max of an opera or oratorio is reached. Each one of scenery he of exceeding effectiveness, with “practi¬ old-fashioned opera, which causes an attempt to tiring,” or “to get a few points,”—not to leant, of forward on the stage.. He has not read the libretto, of time reach sometaing like an appreciation of the these rhythmic links is necessary to the construction cable” clouds sailing across the moon. Yet who, with measure him by its standard. In a deeply interesting course, after having achieved so much eminence al¬ and he does not know what it is all about. That expressive power of song when employed as speech of the chain; the loss of one will vitally affect the any sense of music, or romance, or sympathy, has not letter to Herr von Zigesar, written in September, 1850, ready. They do not fully grasp the fact that a musi¬ puzzles him. Then no one comes down to the foot¬ transcendant. The younger elements of any popula¬ whole structure. been stirred to the dep.hs by this wonderful scene, Wagner said: cal center ia a place in which a great many muriciaus tion, on the other hand, will grow up on advanced Melody conforming to rhythmic laws is an essential in which emotions ranging from quiet melancholy to “An audience which assembles in a fair mood is lights to sing a solo. There are no quartets. There is of high education and long experience form the nucleus music and on the dramas of Wagner. They will take of music; that is, melody so constructed that the exultant joy are expressed in music—so true to the satisfied as soon as it distinctly understands what is no ballet. There are no pretty songs. There are no of musical society, and that the musical standard in in these things as easily as they do the tremendously- passions it portrays, yet so instinet with beauty, going forward, and it is a great mistake to think that feats of vocal agility by the colotature soprano. The mind recognizes proportion and balance among its that center is formed by their opinions and largely liy advanced requirements for enhance into college. We melody, and form that, forgetting the stage and its a theatrical audience must have a special knowledge man is wholly at sea, and, measuring Wagner by the various phrases, a definite relation and sequence of its their attainments, and is correspondingly high. who graduated a quarter of a century ago shudder painted accessories, the imagination erects and fur¬ of music in order to receive the right impression of a standards of his dear old operatic-concert show, he parts that satisfy the instinct that demands that the The music student, newly arrived, ha* become accus¬ when we contemplate the present examinations. Our nishes a stage beyond the skill of the carpenter and musical drama. To this entirely erroneous opinion we pronounces him a dull, heavy, pretentious nuisance. beginning, the middle, and the end shall mark the tomed to a certain standard considerably lower than children dispose of them just as we disposed of ours scene-painter. have been brought by the fact that in opera music I never attended an attempted performance of Wagner perfect whole, a condition of things that the so-named that of the place to which he goes “to get points," I will not undertake to say that there are not in has wrongly been made the aim, while the drama was in the City of Mexico I do not know whether there before they were born. Meanwhile there is just one "continuous melody” cannot fulfill. “Continuous and he does not realize the distance, and the attendant Wagner's operas scenes that can fire the imagination merely a means for the display of the music. Music, has ever been any; but the public of that city has thing to be done to popularize Wagner, and that is to melodv” is a sort of musical panorama. Like the difficulties, which lie between the rtandard to which like the great scene in “Der FreischOtz.” It may be on the contrary, should do no more than contribute feasted for many years on the lowest grade of Italian iterate and reiterate the doctrine that a Wagner music- pictorial panorama, it presents a series of rapidly- he ha* become »ccu*tomed *nd that with which he my misfortune, but I am always painfully conscious its full share toward making the drama clearly and opera, and its attitude toward Wagner would be about drama is not a musical entertainment, but a play. Once vanishing impressions that have neither beginning nor has come in touch. Much lea* is be *ble to form ■ of what is going on on the stage—possibly a little quickly comprehensible at every moment. While such as I have described. This attitude, too, was that let the public of any place get that idea thoroughly end, but only “middle”; that is, the fragment that at true estimate of the highest possibilities of the art. ennuied bv it, but never “rapt” away from all other listening to a good—that is, a rational—opera people of the typical German city in Wagner’s early years, absorbed and there will be no further trouble about each moment occupies the ear, in the one case, the He does not appreciate the labor Involved in the dif¬ considerations by the music. Of course, this may - should, so to speak, not think of the music at all, but and that is why it took him half a life-time to get so popularizing Wagner. There is altogether too much ference of finish and interpretation between • per eye in the other. very likely is—only a “personal equation.” Still, as only feel it in an unconscious manner, while their much as a fair hearing in his native land. His suc¬ talk about “Wagner’s music.” Critics discuss it. Among the things that make form so necessary in formanee of a given work such as he, even if he ha. this form'of opera is deliberately constructed on the fullest sympathy should be wholly occupied by the cess in America was far more rapid, simply because Teachers point out its technical peculiarities. Lect¬ music, its evanescence stands foremost. When look¬ been the best performer in his native place, may be theory that these three arts must be subordinated action represented. Every audience which has an un¬ he had here to combat fewer traditions of a musical urers perorate about it. People strum it at home on ing at a painting the eye can rest at will on any point able to give, and that which he may have heard, -1 each to the other, it is evident that the combination corrupted sense and a human heart is therefore wel¬ past. the piano, or grind it out with one of the piano- the same work, by such sn artist as Paderewski, for and return to it as often as desired, but the art does not offer the highest possibilities for the com- come to me as long as I may be certain that the What is the record of those who began their operatic plaving mechanisms. And when they go to the whose essence is the flight of time” does not permit of instance. position of great art-music. Every student knows the saying “Art is long, but dramatic action is made more immediately compre¬ experience in New York in the period of the reign of theater they go to hear Wagner’s music. this deliberation; hence in its “forms it has been life is short,” and yet the majority expert te know hensible and moving by the music instead of being German opera at the Metropolitan? I am acquainted Let us talk about Wagner’s dramas. Let us remem¬ found necessary to make large demands on memory A* Esthetic Error. all that there ia in a very few years. hidden by it.” with scores of young people who began to go to the ber that the music is nothing more nor less than an and anticipation, and has restricted the number of It is only by constant application and study that By “an uncorrupted sense” Wagner meant a perfect opera in the days when Lehmann and Fischer and interpretative instrument, and that it is no more the its themes—or parts-so as not to overtax memory- If the foregoing deductions are true, they may scree the musical art unfolds itaeif to the student, and gives freedom from preformed conceptions of what his ar¬ Alvary and Seidl were offering vitally strong inter¬ whole drama than is the performer of “TannhUuser and to arrange their sequence as not to disappoint an¬ to establish the contention that this attempted fusion force to the paradox “the more you learn, the Ism tistic offering ought to be. The extract quoted ex¬ pretations of the Wagner dramas. All these young or “Isolde.” Constant harping on this string may do is an esthetic error, because it precludes each one of ticipation. Of course, there may be people—doubt¬ you know,” so that one can readily understand that plains the correct attitude toward Wagner’s works as people founded their conceptions of “opera” on those much toward tuning the public mind to the key m the arts from reaching its highest plane, owing to the less are—to whom a panorama will give more pleas there is no place for conceit or vanity in the make-up nothing of mine could. He objects to the awarding performances. When the German seasons came to an which it shall vibrate in accord with Wagner’s art. ure than the most perfect specimen of the painters nccessitv of mutual subordination. of the first consideration to music. This he holds to end and Mr. Grau offered some of the old Italian There are many minor points of which the erthrtfe of a true artist. art. "Continuous melody” may have some qua .ties The newly-arrived student generally resents the sug be but one, though perhaps the most potent, of the operas performed in the traditional Italian manner, Wagner does not stand alone. The fact that he value might be questioned, hut they are rather mat¬ that make it valuable; but these qualities, whatever gestion that there is anything of an elementary nature means of expression at the disposal of the lyric dram¬ what did these young people do? They laughed. A was misunderstood by the German people, that even ters of personal taste than questions about whichtny they may be, are not musical, or, if they are, for him to learn. He wants his teacher to teach him atist; but it is a means, and not the end. Therefore lot of them have now been educated up to “Les at the present day he receives from the great majority anneal to recognized principles may be made, such, only in the sense that Walt Whitman s. writings ar certain things which he himself has derided he would the first of all steps in the popularization of Wagner’s Huguenots” and “H Trovatore,” and “Manon.” But of educated people of his nation neither the considera¬ for* example, as the feeling of monotony that result. poetry; that is, the ore is there, but it awm s like to know, and when the teacher explains to him works is to induce the auditor to go to the theater they cannot be educated up to “La Favorita” or tion which he deserves nor the admiration and rever¬ smelting and refining processes and the craft tha that in order to reach those little things,—those expecting, not to hear music, but to witness a drama. “Robert le Diable” or "La Sonnambula.” These ence due to his mighty genius, does not alter the fact !» impress it with beautiful forms. “point*,”—he must begin to re-lay hia foundation, he For this reason all writers on music—critics, historians, operas, which were among the joys of our fathers, are that he, the latest of Germany’s truly great ones, sup¬ —- is intensely mortified. Sometimes he leave* that or what-not—should persist in describing the works of buried, so far as New York is concerned. It is an plies the bond between the musician and the poet, Poetry, Painting, and Music Combined in teacher abruptly and goes in search of one who cares Wagner as dramas. The title opera should never be the brass. „,ebrated work “The Power of actual fact that charming young women of from two who had so long been striving in opposition to leas for his art than for a new pupil or who is wO»ng the Wagner Drama. Gurney, i passage of “endless melody” applied to them, and there should be an unending twenty to twenty-five have told me that they re¬ each other, by creating the new dramatie form, the to use diplomacy and flattery in order to gain hi* effort to presuade the public to discriminate between garded “Lucia” and “La Traviata” as too utterly silly truest and proudest title of which would be “The Ger¬ Much has been said and written about the Wag - point Sometimes he accepts the advice M his teacher, “Ti diminished-seventh chord. Then he these dramas and the operas of the old sort. Pro¬ to occupy the attention of grown-up people, and they man Drama.” nerian opera being a fusing together o e urasps the idea that he is simply entering upon a new the string8 ^ cbaBges the intervals of the grams should always announce these works as have admitted that during the performances of these We speak of the Greek drama, the English, the of poetry painting, and music, which, phase of his career, and derides to take advantage of dramas, and nothing should be omitted which could works they could do nothing but laugh at the French, the Spanish drama, and with these names ve leal compounds, “exhibits” quant.es that cannot ^ Sy“to show that it is so utterly wanting in de- all that he can see and hear. He will won real ire tend to lead the minds of persons long habituated to dramatic absurdities. 7s'to sound equally well one way as another. indicate, not only the nationality of the author, but found in the elements. It may be safely 31gn as to sou eq msisted on that no great that he has much to learn, and that, while hi* teacher old-fashioned opera and to simple musical entertain¬ The fathers and mothers of these same young women a definite, dramatic form by which each is distin¬ in such a combination, all the con,J°".t;e3 anv art is imparting to him valuable instruction, hi* e*an ments to understand that Wagner offers neither the think their daughters are musically eccentric, or thev guished. Henceforward we may fairly speak of the bound to suffer: that is, the higi*3 3 " tion depends almost as much upon what he ran one nor the other. are laboring under the fond delusion that the dear German drama: it is that which Wagner taught: and hear among musician* and in concert-rooms Who is it that finds himself unable to appreciate children will some day recover from this “Wagner it has proceeded out of the German spirit, and has or to comprehend the works of Wagner? Invariably craze.” The good fathers do not to this day see anv taken form in the immortal creations of a German the person who has gone to the opera-house for twenty- dramatic absurdities in “Lucia,” for they have never poet wedded to music.—H. ft. Chamberlain. 450 the etude THE ETUDE 451 makes as great demand upon the performer as anv Stainer, “O Zion, that Bringest”; chorus or quartet at the moment, it is not possible to remedy them or that has been written for the pianoforte, but the min'd (Novello). get the assistance of an organ-builder. gave a recital, with Mrs Katherine Fisk, contralto, of the player must ever be ’laced upon the mechanism and Miss Leonora Jackson, violinist, in Symphony Neidlinger, “O, Little Town of Bethlehem”; so¬ How much, too, presence of mind is required to proper of his instrument. So, three to five manuals Hall, Boston, playing “Prelude and Fugue in D,” prano solo and chorus or quartet (Schirmer). carry through church services without a hitch is only and pedals with their respective troops of stops, the Bach; “Ave Maria,” Boasi; "Theme Varied,” Falkea; West, “0 Come, Redeemer of Mankind”; soprano too well known to experienced organists. In amateur ©rgan anb Cboir. and tenor solos and chorus or quartet (Novello). manipulation of composition pedals, and the keeping and "Concert Overture,” Hollina. choirs, particularly, a leading soprano will often be a “free foot” for the shutting and opening the swell • • • Bartlet, “The Babe of Bethlehem”; soprano solo and absent or have a cold when her services are most re¬ are matters which considerably augment the difficul¬ Minister: “Now, little girl, you want to be a Chria- chorus, with violin obligato (White-Smith Co.). quired; there may be a misunderstanding about a ties of mere executive work. A good organist must, tian, don’t youT” Stainer, “Mercy and Truth are Met Together”; so¬ canticle, and one-half of the choir will begin the therefore, have the mental faculty of “taking in” sev¬ Ethel: “No, air; I’d rather sing in the choir I”— prano solo and chorus or quartet (Novello). Benedictus and another half the Jubilate; or the eral things at the same time, and this particularly Put*. Marston, “The Star of Bethlehem”; soprano solo clergyman may give out the number of one hymn Edited by EVERETT E. TRUETTE. when the organ is treated, as most great organists • • • and quartet or chorus (Schmidt). and read the verse of another; personally, I have consider it should be, as the best-known substitute for Mr. William C. Carl opened hia annual series of Gaul, “Sing, 0 Heavens”; soprano solo and chorus known these contretemps frequently to occur. In ft. the orchestra. Often a single stop or peculiar com¬ organ-recitals at the First Presbyterisa Church, New Vorspiel to “Lohengrin,” Stopped diapason 8 ft. Contrafagotto ... 16 or quartet (Novello). such eases of dilemma a tactful organist knows ex York, November 20th. 8 “ Cornopean . 8 bination of stops (not provided for upon the composi¬ TRANSCRIPTIONS arranged by S. B. Whitney Vox celestis Barnby, “While Shepherds Watched”; soprano solo actly what to do and does it, and thus endless con • • • 8 “ Oboe. 8 tion pedals) is required at an awkward juncture dur¬ FOR THE ORGAN (Schmidt). Spitz-flote .. and chorus (Novello). fusion or unpleasantness is avoided. ing the course of the piece. In this case the organist, Mr. Richard 8. Percy gave a scries of organ recitals Vorspiel to “Parsifal,” ar¬ Concert-flute 8 “ Vox humana .... 8 West, “With all Thy Hosts”; chorus (Novello). FROM THE WORKS The General Education of an Organist. in the Marble Collegiate Church, New York, during 4 “ Tremolo. Watson, “Come Near Ye Nations”; chorus or quar¬ if he has no one to help “register” for him—and most OF WAGNER. ranged by Albrecht Htinlein Octave . the month of November. good players prefer be independent in this matter Finally, in sound theoretical and practical know! (Schott). tet (Schmidt). • • • Choir Organ (Nine Stops). —must make a pair of hands do the work of four; Vorspiel to “Tristan und Isolde,” arranged by A. Schnecker, “Joy to the World”; soprano and tenor edge how vast, indeed, must be the acquirements of ft. A monument to the memory of Ctaar Franck is to Contragamba .16 ft. Flauto traverso . . 4 solos and chorus (Ditson). in other words, one of his hands must quit the key¬ the fully-furnished organist! Before approaching the W. Gottschalg (Breitkopf r. d Hartel). be erected in one of the public squares of Paris. The Geigenprincipal ... 8 “ Fugara . 4 # * * board with lightning speed to make the required instrument, it is well to have a good practical knowl¬ “Elsa’s Wedding Song to Miinster,” arranged by composer will be represented as seated at the organ Open diapason. 8 “ Piccolo . 2 Don’t begin to play until change, while the other takes care that in no way edge of pianoforte-playing; for, although the technic Ernest Halven (Breitkopf and Hartel). compering. C'arinet. 8 is there sacrifice of the harmony or time of the music Overture to “Tannliiluser,” arranged by S. P. War¬ Polcissimo . 8 “ TEN DON’TS. you know that every stop of the piano and organ are very different, facility and • • • Melodia . 8 “ Tremolo. which you wish drawn is that he is interpreting. dexterity in the matter of keyboard execution go far ren (Schirmer). Mr. J. Wallace Goodrich gave the opening recital drawn, and every one which you do not wish is “off.” The mental capabilities of an organist should then in manual work. Ma y organists, indeed, do the March and Chorus from “TannhSuser,” arranged by Pedal Organ (Fourteen Stops). on the new organ in Symphony Hall, Boston, October include a comprehensive and simultaneous grasp of all majority of their practice upon the piano (with or E. W. Lott (Ashdown). Don’t begin to play until you know that the swell 25th, playing the following compositions: "Toccata Open diapason.32 ft. Trombone .16 ft. detail that goes to make a perfect whole; and in without pedal attachment), and this is made the more “Kaiser March,” arranged by F. E. Adams pedal is just as you wish it. and Fugue in D-minor,” Bach; “Chorale in B-minor," Open diapason, Flute . 8 thought he requires to be alert, almost mercurial,—in necessary on account of the difficulty and expense (Schmidt). Don’t jer1 your head and shoulders when you play. Franck; “Symphonic Romans,’’ Widor; "Two Choral wood .16 “ Octave . 8 short, to thoroughly have “his wits about him.” So which attend the getting of anything like adequate “Wedding Processional” (“Lohengrin”), arranged Don’t play one hand after the other. Preludes,” Bach; ’Tantaaia in D-flat," Saint Saifos; Open diapason, Gedaekt . 8 the man of one idea, or the heavy and slow individual organ-practice. But alone upon the pipe-organ itself, by Everett E. Truette (Ditson). Don’t hold the pedal beyond its printed value. “In Paradisnm and Fiat Lux,” Dubois with its concomitant pedais and stops, can a good “Elizabeth's Prayer” (“Tannhiiuser”), arranged by metal .16 “ ’Cello . 8 Don’t gallop over an easy part and hesitate and who has not the knack of doing the right thing on • • • Violone .16 “ Quinte .10 V; the spur of the moment, had really better leave organ¬ style of organ-playing be developed. An organist re¬ E. W. Lott (Ashdown). stumble over the difficult parts. Organist: No! the swell of an organ cannot be re¬ Bourdon .16 “ Tromba . 8 playing severely alone. quires also to have a fair knowledge of harmony and March from “Rienzi,” arranged by Edgar S. Kelley Don’t attempt music which is too difficult for your duced by a milk poultice.—Prore. Duleiana .16 “ Super-octave .... 4 counterpoint. Again, acquaintance with the construc¬ (Schirmer). capabilities. • • • Physical Exertion in Organ-Playing. tion of the instrument, the nature and raison d'ttrt “Introduction and Bridal Chorus" from “Lohengrin, Couplers (Ten). Don’t play the same prelude every Sunday; in The long arm of coincidence touchea all things, and It is often alleged, generally by people entirely of its multitudinous appliances, and to keep in touch arranged by S. P. Warren (Schirmer). other words, don’t improvise all your preludes. very amusing are some of its triclca. We quoted last Operated by Oscillating Tablets. ignorant of the .organ and its mechanism, that an with the improvements of the day are points in the “Siegfried Idyll,” arranged by E. H. Lemare Don’t overlook the rests which are printed in the week from a contemporary, whose compositor had set immense amount of physical exertion is demanded organist’s education which he can by no means afford (Schott). Swell to great. Choir to great music. They are there for a purpose. up “back” for “Bach” in singularly appropriate sur¬ from the organist, and that, hence, unless one is of to neglect That a church-organist needs to know “Waldweben” (“Siegfried"), arranged by E. H. Le¬ Swell to swell. 4 ft. Choir to great. .16 ft. Don’t play all the pedal notes with the left foot. roundings. A correspondent sends another good ex¬ something of the voice and vocal music in order to * * * a robust and particularly healthy build, organ-playing mare ((Schott). Swell to swell.16 “ Choir to pedal. ample this week, in the following words: “At a err train and accompany his choir with effect is a topic “Good Friday Music,” arranged by E. II. Lemare Swell to choir. Great to swell. Organs and organists have is out of the question. Never was there a greater tain popular church in Hampatead, the anthem se¬ fallacy. Organ-playing may sound, and if we watch which, though very important scarcely comes within (Schott). Swell to pedal. Great to pedal. THE of late come in for a good lected for Sunday evening last was Dr. Varley the scope of the present remarks. QUALIFICATIONS share of general comment. the antics of some performers may look, fatiguing; Roberta’s ‘Seek ye -he Lord.’ On the service lists Combinations (Fifteen). The new organ (built OF AN ORGANIST. Some learned critics attack but, as any experienced player knows, it only offers The Organ a Public rather than a Private appeared the following: Anthem—’Seek ye the \/ted NEW ORGAN IN by George S. Hutchings Push Knobs, Adjustable at Organ, the instrument itself upon a very healthful and moderate amount of bodily Commodity. Roberts’ Until then the congregation had been i.nder & Co.) in the new Sym¬ movement which is far less fatiguing than most out¬ the imprearion that the Bloemfontein plot had failed. SYMPHONY HALL Five and release, oper- Four and release, oper- acoustical grounds, and declare that it is an anomaly; One great difficulty in the way of the organ-student phony Hall, Boston, was door games, and might be compared, in its beneficial Two years ago a printed service list for All Saints’ BOSTON. ating great and pedal. ating choir and pedal. others animadvert upon performers, and either cen¬ —a difficulty, too, which shows no sign of future formally “opened” by Mr. effects, either to smar* walking or moderate cycle Dav appeared, with the anthems as follows: Morning, Six and release, oper¬ General release. sure them for want of earnestness in getting ac¬ solution-arises from the fact that unlike pianists J Wallace Goodrich, October 25th. This instrument, exercise. I have no doubt that a great deal of the -What Are These’” Stainer; Evening. "These sre ating swell and pedal. Pedal release. quainted with their metier, or else condole with them and violinists, organists can seldom afford to have unjust prejudice that still exists with regard to the They," Dykes. On the morning of a famous ecclesi¬ while pinch smaller than the original “Music Hall upon the paltry remuneration which at best falls to an instrument of their own. To be sure, while they much maligned “lady organist” arises from this ultra- astical trial, a few yean ego, in which the expenses organ,” is extremely effective and easily “fills” the Pedal Movements (Sixteen). an organist’s lot. There is, nevertheless, something so hold church or other appointments, they are supposed consideration of those ’gnorant of organ-teehnic. As for lawyers had been very heavy, the unpremeditated hall. The first Music Hall organ had eightv-nine 1, 2, 3, 4. Operating on 8. Great to pedal, re- enthralling about organ-tone that, were not organ- to have a kind of proprietorship over the instrument a matter of fact, the young woman who scrubs out a ar them’announced at the Cathedral service was "How speaking stops and four manuals, while this new in¬ entire organ and affect¬ versible. study and practice hedged about with so much diffi¬ upon which they preside. But such possession is, of room or blackens grates, or the hospital nurse and Dear Are Thy Counsels.” “Cobb in G” it maliciously strument has but fifty-eight speaking stops and three ing such stops as may 9-12. Four and release culty, the so-called “king of instruments” might boast course, more nominal than of real utility; and an manuals. This difference in the size of the two in¬ shop assistant who are “on their feet for hours at a said to be the favorite service of a north-country or be desired. on great, partially du¬ the greatest number of devotees of all instruments. accomplished player who, it may be, has spent^ years stretch, go through much more physical exertion of a ganist of sporiing tendency during raw w«t VFVn struments is noticeable only in the smaller variety 5. Sforzando (full or¬ As it is, no matter how strong are our first youthful over the acquirement of his art may often find him plicating pistons. a Cathedral organist’s post in the North wa* vacant of solo stops in the new organ. impressions of its grandeur and apparently illimitable wearying kind than the woman organist, vi o, wi self absolutely without access to an instrument npm gan). 13-16. Four and release a quarter of a century ago, the two roost favored can One of the special features of the new organ is the resources, very few students go in seriously for organ¬ her feminine fondness for detail and taste in coloring 6. Balanced crescendo. on swell, partially du¬ which he would care to r'*7- A^,n’ orgnnS d,ff" didates (whom we will call Jones and Smith) were large scale of the 32-feet open diapason in the pedal— and effects of all kinds, can often better bring out the so much from each other-in construction, tow. and 7. Balanced swell pedal. plicating pistons. playing; or, ere they tackle the subject, pause to asked to play test-services, st which anthems of their the largest ever constructed. The lowest pipe is enor¬ resources of the noble instrument she plays than her general arrangement of parts-that one « obhg«l to think if they have the mental and physical qualifica¬ own composition were to - sung. The service list* mous, is made of wood (in two sections), and weighs The organ is built with electro-pneumatic action more-matter-of-fact brother, who does not troi make a lengthv personal acquaintance with each be tions which go to make a really successful organist. appeared thus: “God Hath Appointed-Jonea": -The half a ton. Incidentally it may be mentioned that a throughout, with patented movable console having much about mtnvfi(F of contrast if he manages Consequently, our church services are principally pre¬ fore feeling “ai home.” At least, (hi- U the general Lord Will Comfort-Smith.” And thus it fell out, man can crawl into this pipe, turn around, and come one hundred feet of free cable. sided over by the “piano-organist,” who is largely re¬ make an “impressive noise” somehow. verdict of most players; although there are some at any rate so far as the appointment of Jones was High wind pressures are used in divisions of the out again without any difficulty. The scales of all sponsible for the abuse which is often poured upon a who assert that an hour’s “trial” is organ. Presence of Mind. concerned. , the heavy stops are from 15 to 30 per cent, larger noble instrument which, in the hands of an expert, is get in touch with even the mod eomphc.ted.ndru Doubtless, numerous other examples of coincidence When speaking of the mental qualities ofi an_ov & r. that as it may, these d,fficult.es-whnh than usual. capable of the most impressive effect. will occur to our readers. They should he c*ref«ny . Barnby, “Blessed be the Let us consider, then, briefly those qualifications ganist, I omitted to refer to presence o min • ^ly^ other distinguished, however, from specimens of intentimml Great Orgax (Sixteen Stops). A FEW CHRISTMAS Lord God of Israel”: full which are particularly indispensable in the art of is a very essential trait of character tor any exe deter earnest students from “going in for’ the org» • wit, such ss the snecdote of a famous and eccentric Gross-flote .. 4 ft. ANTHEMS chorus or quartet with so- Open diapason ... .16 ft. organ-playing. who. like the church organist, has to accompany _Dr. Annie Patterson in Mumeal Opinio*. organist who was in chronic difficulties with hia ChajY 1st open diapason. . 8 “ Twelfth . . 2 Vi “ OLD AND NEW. prano solo (Schirmer). singers and come in at stated places in t..r, and selected - the anthem st the tortrfhtfe. * 9 U Mr Henry M. Dunham 2d open diapason.. . 8 “ Fifteenth . Chadwick, “O, Holy Child Mental Qualifications of an Organist. service. Indeed, it is more particularly a necessary a new Canon. “Lord. How Are They Inere-ed that Mixture . VI rks. of Bethlehem”; contralto solo and chorus or quartet gave an organ - recital at Gross gamba ...... 8 “ To begin with, the organ is a most complex instru¬ qualification in the case of the organist, because there MIXTURES. Trouble Me!”— Musical News Scharff . IV rks. (Schmidtf. „ Shawmut Church, Boston. • • • Stopped diapason . . 8 “ ment; it is, in fact, an attempt to bring the tone- are so many possible causes of upset „ , . 1(U. .laving the “Fifth Sonata” of Guilmant. Gross-fl5te . . 8 “ Trumpet. .16 ft. Dressier, “The Chimes of Christmas Mom”; so- with his duties and his instrument Tak(”J" “ The words of “America” were written by Kex F F U quality of many instruments within the reach of one Gemshorn . . 8 “ Trumpet.. . . 8 prano and tenor solos with chorus or quartet, violin stance, the fact that most organs are at y 0CtO'*I • rminor” Bach; “Provincalisch,” Rhein- Smith in 1831, end it was first sung at a Sunday M performer. It is true that on the pianoforte, for in¬ . 4 “ Clarion . 4 obligato (ad lib.) (Ditson). totennezzo.” Dunham; “Ad. Octave. stance, execution, technic, tone, and the intelligent liable to “cipher.” Nothing is more •chad celebration in the P»rk Street ^Widor: “Pastorale.” Marty; “First Movement Tours, “Sing, 0 Heavens”; soprano solo and chorus Julv 4, 1832. It was composed in ha!* “ Swell Organ (Seventeen Stops). and sympathetic “reading” of a piece all go to con¬ when perhaps while the choir are a ^ (Novello). ;f sonata in A-minor,” Whiting. one dark afternoon, and written o*.three!<«* '«rrep* tribute to the success of a pianist But these matters an anthem-some ^ " J it right, Bourdon . .16 ft. Violina . . 4 ft. Noyes, “Christmas More”; soprano and contralto Oi paper as Mr. Smith stood near the window to mUh it lie “beneath the fingers,” so to speak, of the execu¬ drone, and no amount of „ note which Open diapason . 8 “ Flute harmoniqne . 4 solos, tenor and contralto duet, and quartet (Ditson). Mr Clarence Eddy is giving a -nes of organ-vitals tant, and depend upon his own judgment and ability Again, there is the dread st*ak. These the failing bght Salicional. 8 “ Flautino . 2 a Barnby, “The Grave of God”; tenor solo and chorus in ^various cities of the country. On October 30th he in utilizing the keyboard. On the organ not only must be rapped or shaken be ore^ themselve9 when, .Moline . 8 “ Mixture. V rks. or quartet (Novello). must the hands be prepared to play music which and other ailments generally 452 THE ETUDE
into the home, into a more general distribution of THE ETUDE morals; the laws by which they prosper or perish are 453 musical reading matter, into musical history, into so vitally opposed to what we, who live in the confines I'nT bUa !ha' pr0per prof“3ioBal talent be engaged music for children; in fact, the work standing ready Director: Mrs. Sylvester 8. Ratlin, 354 Mt Pro. of fines laid down by society and law, can comprehend and paid to do it. The best resu.ts for an arf can to be undertaken is of incalculable dimensions and it pect Avenue, Newark, S. J. that we are prone to misunderstand the thought of never come until it is realized that money must be will all be done sooner or later, for the club has come Director: Mrs. S. F. Wardwell. 330 Mam Street, the creator whose greatest offense to society, after all to stay and it is looking for new fields all the time. ft mu tfl “fr aDd ^ thiS 18 ‘° be ‘‘"^'national Danbury, Conn. ** is a brutal adherence to what he considered’necessary ‘t m"St ,be paid What possible benefit or pleasure * # * can be derived from hearing such a program given by for truthful representations of his subjects, these sub¬ northern middle section. What does Wagner mean jects being symbols of primeval forces. incapable club-members, just because they are club Vice-President, Mrs. Frederic Ullmann, 282 Forty WAGNER-STUDY to those living outside of the There is no doubt that Wagner held woman’s love members, is not by any means apparent. This by no eighth Street, Chicago, 1JL ' FOR CLUBS. great musical centers, where at its highest value; this is shown throughout his means is intended to convey the idea that a Lehmann orchestras are not available or a de Reszke must be engaged. There are quite a Director: Mas Helen A Btorer, 116 H,gh Street, works. Both Senta and Elizabeth free their lovers Akron, 0. number of teachers who are fully capable of giving and where Wagnerian opera is not possible? It would from impending doom, and both die in their endeavors. It is a notable thing that but it does not; it is passed directly to the child, who seem as though Wagner had been more than a com¬ such selections with intelligence and who would be Director: Mra. Henry Downs, 584 Holly Avenue The beauty of Elsa’s nature is unquestionable, the St Paul, Minn. A NEW FIELD the elub - work wherefrom carries it through life, and, even if he become great glad to do it, especially if they were broadminded poser or a musical playwright, because he has done “Nibelungen Ring” is a culmination of this character¬ FOR CLUB-WORK. the greatest results might in every other way, that seed of jealousy implanted enough to realize the benefits to accrue to the entire more than write for those who would hear his music istic in his work, and it is a fact that those of his SOUTHERN MIDDLE SECTION. be expected has been left by his mother will keep him and all who come in con¬ presented in the manner in which it must be done to musical conditions from club-work in such serious and feminine types who are pictured as good women are I ice-President: Mrs. Eugene F. Vcrdery, The Hill absolutely untouched. Perhaps, then, a suggestion tact with him uncomfortable and unhappy. present his ideas and ideals to the world. One might honest directions. If a Wagner program were pre¬ idealized to the greatest extent, and their treatment Augusta, Ga. will be timely; at any rate, the following will be With this feature eliminated and none of the show pared for the public entertainment it might be the say, indeed, that he who has not heard a masterful shows the tender appreciation in which Wagner held worthy of thought. element in the club-work, there is no reason frhy clubs easiest way from the financial side, as clubs usually Director: Mrs. John Fletcher, 901 W. Tenth Street interpretation of Wagner’s great works has missed them. It must not be supposed that Wagner never Little Rock, Ark. No more interesting musical study is before those for the benefit of the young should not meet with enguge artists for this meeting w-hen they cannot for much; yet one hearing is of little value, and is not, saw satisfactory results from his labors. He certainly interested in this art than childhood and its musical great favor and success. any other, and a Wagner program ought to be at¬ Director: Mrs. John Wilson Thomas, Nashville in fact, enough to even reveal Wagner in the slightest knew poverty in its most severe form. His outpour¬ Term. treatment. The past has done little for cnildren, as * ti * tractive enough to satisfy associate members and the degree. ings of sorrow, of pain, of grief, of disappointments the atrocities of child-instruction have been gross and When women band to- public, if the public be admitted. WESTERN SECTION. » Influence of Wagneb. were not drawn from books or from imagination, but unpardonable. Thanks to some interested and inter¬ WHAT CLUBS gether for work in the pres- Vice President: Mrs. David A. Quupbell, 1902 Far HAVE DONE FOR ent era they work. This But Wagner reveals himself in the era; the coloring from his own sufferings, which were shared by his esting women, this phase is being altered, and the num Street, Lincoln, Neb. wife and a great black Newfoundland dog. But he The following may serve as a sample program: education of children is being made reasonable, en¬ WOMEN. statement may seem un¬ of the entire modern school is a revelation of one of also lived to see the Bayreuth theater dedicated to Director: Mrs. J. H. Groce, Galveston. Tex. joyable, and intelligent. When this shall have become necessary, but in truth it is the most powerful and most dramatic temperaments Paper on Wagner. his work, and more than this no man has achieved. Director: Mrs. 8. M. Shannon, Denver, Col, general, and the teacher who “does not know much, not long since the mere fact of a reunion of women that the musical world has ever known in creative Overture to “Tannh”user” (four or eight hands).
but is good enough for a beginner” shall have been meant little more than a gathering the principal out¬ work. It is a serious question with many as to what Rich Field fob Club-Work. “Dich Theure Halle,” from “TannhHuser” (dramatic COMMITTEES. wiped out, music throughout this great, broad land come of which was gossip. But the club has brought is really the devotion to Wagner, because it is impos¬ soprano solo). Artist Committee, Mrs Edwin F. Uhl, Waldheim, sible (nothing is more so) to admire without under¬ There are few composers who offer such rich fields Paper on “Tannliauser.” w ill be on a very much more elevated plane. woman face to face with problems which require Brand Rapids, Mich. for work in clubs as does Wagner, especially if the Children are much more interested in details if thought and study to solve, and what is more natural standing, it is impossible to understand without long “0, Thou Sublime, Sw-eet, Evening Star” (baritone Bureau of Registry: Mrs. Frederic Ullmanu, 282 true object is study and improvement. One trouble, solo or Liszt’s piano arrangement). these details are made interesting to them than people than that woman should rise equal to the occasion ana intimate acquaintance, which does not and cannot Forty-eighth Street, Chicago, III. however, with many clubs is that they cater too much “Ride of the Valkyries” (four or eight hands). believe, and it is very certain that a line of club-work and not only accomplish what is expected of her, but come of cursory study. Committee on Constitution and By-laws, and Seven to the associate membership and plan to present enter¬ could be established for children, ranging in years far exceed the greatest expectations, for women do To the layman Wagner is replete with long and un¬ Or: Years’ Course of Study: Mrs. F. 8. Wardwell, Dsn taining programs rather than educational ones. A from ten to sixteen, that would fill the great need that ^onc of two things invariably. They let things abso¬ interesting recitatives, he is musically wordy and bury, Conn. program, however, should be presented in such a way Overture to “Tannliauser” (four or eight hands). • now exists. Teachers cannot go into small details lutely and severely alone, manifesting an utter dis¬ heavy, dull and tiresome. There are, to him, bursts of Librarian: Mrs. # Charles Farnsworth, 1518 Pine that it is entertaining from its very value as educa¬ Paper on Wagner. such as the lives of the composers and their eras, nor regard for any part or parcel of that with which they melody, and climaxes that are stirring; yet so Street, Boulder, Col. tional, and the best result that a club can achieve is “Prize Song,” from “Mastersingers” (arranged for do they think of going into form, construction, etc., of do not care to affiliate, or they take hold of it, lend¬ fatigued is he from page after page of words that he Printing Committee: Mrs. Phillip N. Moore, 1520 the fact that its members are trained to such a point viotin and piano by Wilhetmj). a composition with children, yet all this would add a ing all their forces—physical, mental, and moral—to has no enthusiasm left with which to admire the .Mississippi Avenue, St. Ixmis. Mo. that the educational is more to their desire than mere Sonata of Wagner. hundredfold to their interest in study, and it would push it to a successful issue. melodies or the climaxes. But for him Wagner has Press Committee: Mrs. Thomas E. Ellison, 167 West amusement. Much responsibility, of course, devolves “Trafime” (soprano or contralto solo). make more intelligent hearers of them from the start. Club-work tends to make women methodical in their made the same condition that he has for the real musi¬ Wayne Street, Fort Wayne, Ind. upon the program committee, and frequently it is “Lohengrin,” “Prelude” to third act (four or eight Say a club were in existence for the purpose of in¬ work. In the first place it gives them a definite ob¬ cian who understands why Wagner thrills him and Badge-Pin Committee: Mrs, John Leverett, Upper hands). teresting young students in music, the plan might be ject to work for, and, as results must be shown, it fill him with strange and indefinable emotions. He hampered by the financial end and by the inability of Alton, IU. “Dich Theure Halle” (dramatic soprano). to select Schumann, because, in the first place, he stimulates them to give the best side of their thoughts may not get this in Wagner, but he gets it through members to perform their part. Tiie Fortnightly Musical Cn-it, Cleveland, has done such exquisite work for children; the story and natures as well. That it gives them breadth is the other composers who cannot evade or avoid the In a Wagner study too much care cannot be given to the representation of his works, as everything de Ohio. of his life and works might be run over in a very also unquestionable, for not alone are they compelled influence. Call it Zeitgeist (spirit of the times) or The rapidly approaching pc mis upon the lucidity with which they are presented light, airy way, avoiding wordings. Children detest to hear all sides, but the self-restraint and mastery whatever you will, it is still Wagner seething through NATIONAL Christmas-tide warns us of LOCAL IIIEXNIAL HOARD, N. K. M. C. words that mean nothing; every word must tell them is excellent discipline for women, who usually have to the hearers. Much care should be exercised in se¬ their minds, through their blood, just as Beethoven did FEDERATION OF time’s flight, and ere many Mrs. J. 11. Webster, President, 902 Prospect Street. something or they tire, and anything will take their lections, as it is to lie borne in mind that brilliant their own way in and about their homes. Women through his era, even unto to-day. MUSICAL CLUBS. months the second biennial Sirs. Edward W Morley, Vice-President, 2238 Euclid interest from what you are trying to tell them. If, arrangements—such as Liszt has given the world are cannot undergo this discipline without becoming Wagner himself was the culmination and the emana¬ meeting of the N. F. M. C. Avenue. on the other hand, it is pu into such short sentences not truly representative of Wagner; in fact, no piano better for it, and, if one might desire a higher and tion of a dramatic period. It was time for this to will be in session in Cleveland, the guest of the famous Mrs. Henry A. Harvey, Mrs. Samuel Mather. Mr*. and terse facts that they could turn around and tell arrangements, especially in solo form, can give an greater education than a close study of life and its come, and it made itself manifest in others of that Fortnightly Musical Club. Charles Olney, Mrs. James J. Tracy, Mra. J. H. Wade. adequate idea of these works, which have all been the story again, be sure that your tale is not told in ethics, it would be found in the club, where one must time, such as Berlioz and Liszt, to say nothing of the Plans are being perfected and committees have been Honorary Vice-Presidents. written in the largest, broadest form. There are some vain. ' hear all sides of a question, where the judgment is dramatic in literature. But Wagner was not alone appointed. Clubs desiring representation may federate Mrs. William E. Cushing, 12 Hayward Street, 1 e arrangements for four hands and especially for eight On the musical side, it might be stated that only called into play, where the object is greater than the powerful enough to give expression to this fire, this by corresponding with their nearest sectional vice- cording Secretary. hands (two pianos) that could be used with ad¬ the best and most interesting players or singers should individual, where the work is the first consideration, genius, but even to make an epoch and one wherein president, whose name is given in the following list Miss Florence Wade Jones, 996 Prospect Stmt, Cor vantage. A valuable number in a Wagner study be permitted to demonstrate to the children, and the and where one woman’s suggestion is as good as an¬ his influence could not be hidden or covered up. Tn of the national officers; also the officers and com¬ responding Secretory. would be a sonata which is in existence. It is one of work should be done with extraordinary care, never other’s and must stand or fall by action of the ma¬ this Wagner is relentless. Who drinks from his cup mittees of the Local Biennial Board of Cleveland: Miss Anna Burgess, 510 Euclid Avon e, Treasurer. Wagner’s very early works, and nothing could be more forgetting that you are before those children as an ex¬ jority. This is, of course, providing the club works must acknowledge where he drank his inspiration, Miss Adella Prentiss, 273 Princeton '"L et, Chair¬ interesting than the simplicity and naivete of this Directory of Federation Officers and ample. Discuss melody, themes, form, and play the seriously and honestly, that it be not divided into fac¬ for the mark is indelible, and no embellishment, no man Committee on Credentials. Local Biennial Board. motives, interesting them in this manner and prepar¬ tions the one of which will attempt to defeat any¬ reconstruction known will hide it. Whether in or¬ composition. Mrs. Dudley P. Allen, 278 Prospect Street, Chair¬ In preparing a program of tb is sort the paper should ing them to hear the selections intelligently. Select thing that the other presents. That this sort of thing chestra or in opera of the ultramodern, that is to say, President: Mrs. Edwin F. Uhl, Waldheim. Grand man Committee on Reception. some of the children’s works, including the “Merry has no place in the great machinery is not necessary be divided among several, as it entails so many sides Mrs. Charles L Dangler, 1415 Euclid Avenue, Chair of the present day,—Wagner is there, from the color¬ Rapids, Mich. that it is impossible for one to give it in an interesting Fa-rner”; on this progra you might also place to state. It exists, we all know it exists; but it will ing and the instrumentation of the orchestra to the Honorary President: Mrs. Theodore Thomas, 43 man Committee on Hospitality. manner, as Wagner, the man, is vast enough, to sav Mrs. David Z_ Norton, 1631 Euclid Avenue, Chair “Warum?” and “Vogel als Prophet.” A few vocal die out, it must, or the elub will die and another, a recitative of the opera, and who can say that this is Bellevue Place, Chicago, Ill. numbers might include “Der Nussbaum,” “Schnge- naught of his works, which, after all, are the first con man Committee on Entertainment better one, will take its place. not more enjoyable and more artistic than the set, First Vice-President: Mrs. J. H. Webster. 925 Pros¬ giocken,” “Als Alten Mfirchen,” telling in simple story sideration, if it be possible to divorce a man’s work Mrs. Arthur Bradley, 63 Adalbert Street, Chairman A club must exist but for one object, and that the stiff forms of arias, duets, trios, etc. So that whether pect Street, Cleveland, O. the words and explaining the union between words from his fife and the surroundings which lent their Committee on Transportation. betterment of its cause. There can be no success with in the heart of the great music centers, where the Second Vice-President: Mrs. Philip N. Moore, 1520 and musie. The “Two Grenadiers” could also be used eolor and really formed his thought. Miss Harriet L. Keeler, 93 Olive Street, Chairman divided interests, and whereas motives are not alwavs orchestras and the opera-stage present the incom¬ Mississippi Avenue, St. Louis, Mo. to good advantage. “A Holiday on the Rhine” would It will be a ’pleasant and instructive task to select Committee on Hotela. apparent, if self-aggrandizement instead of benefit to parable music-dramas or in the hamlet far removed Recording Secretary: Mrs. Thomas E. Ellison, 167 give scope for a most interesting story, and is very one of the operas and with the story to give piano Mrs. H. P. Loveman, 491 Russell Avenue, Chairman the object be uppermost in the minds of even some of from these pleasures, the spirit of Wagner pervades. West Wavne Street, Fort Wayne, Ind. simple in melody. illustrations of the leit-motiren and the construction. Bureau of Information. the active members of a elub, it is doomed, and it is Not alone as musician must Wagner stand unique in Corresponding Secretary: Mrs. James Pedersen, Before such a elub is the only place where a child- With the assistance of a baritone those selections Mrs. George H. McGrew. 715 Case Avenue, ( hsir- working a steady injury to the highest and best re¬ the world of art, but as dramatist, littirateur, phi¬ The Seminole, Broadway and Sixty-ninth Street, New pianist, a so-called prodigy, might appear writh fitness, sults. Properly organized, there is no possibility of which are well known might be given, for there are man Committee on Press. losopher. and critic. York City. Miss Mary L. South worth, 844 Prosper! Stuvt, as it always encourages children to hear oth .r children arything being of as great a benefit to music as few which are melodious and simple enoug ® Treasurer: Mrs. John Leverett. Levcrett Avenue. Wagner’s High Ideals. Chairman Committee on Printing. who are very good. The prodigy has no other place in clubs. They need not all be on the same lines. given without an orchestra such as 0, Thou‘ u ’ Upper Alton. IU. Sweet, Evening Star.” For soprano Elizabeth s Mrs. R A Harman. 930 Prospect Street, Chairman the musical world except with its teacher. Clubs may deal with musical matters in hundreds From his works it were hard to study the life of Auditor: Mrs. Russell R Dorr. 543 Oakland Ave¬ Committee on Badges. A word, of warning must here be added against the of ways that will carry more benefit than simply an “Prayer,” “Dich Theure Halle,” “Elsas Dream, and this great genius, because, in the first place, one must nue, St. Paul, Minn. Mrs. Frank Kelly, 47 Hayward Street, Chairwan appearance of the children club members, as there ex¬ educational program with its paper and illustrations. not confuse his own ideals and thoughts with the “Traiime,” which belongs to a set of songs not operatic, EASTERN SECTION. i Ushers. ists no jealousy in the world so great as that between could be given with satisfactory results, if the demo - C< It is for the club to look into school-work, into meth¬ myths of Teutonic and Icelandic lore from which he Mrs. J. V. X. Yates, 611 Euclid Avenne, Chain* •* mothers of children who are studying musie. If this ods of instruction, into music among the poorer classes, strators are capable of presenting them we Vice-President: Mrs. John Eliot Curran, 95 Hamil¬ has drawn so much of his inspiration. The types are Committee on Decorations. sentiment were to end here, it would be bad enough. into the betterment of the class of music which comes so far removed from the modern thought, the customs, For this or all other such difficult work 1 ton Avenue. Englewood, N J. necessary to insist that this be not done m a desultory 454 THE etude THE ETUDE 455 it merely accompanies the melody with pure, simple Besides the “divine fire” of its music, the melody, another, beauty means a sickly, pale, quivering, tear- tones of its harmony, then a change takes place where in hoarseness or a difficulty in making the voice harmony, rhythm, and modulation are so consistent ul tone, either of which is equally disagreeable to the voice first rests; here the rhythm is somewhat speak readily, the delicate membrane wliit-b line* the with words, that their meaning is intensified as well the hearer. altered and a modification of primary motive is pres¬ vocal cords becoming slightly abraded. Then the as beautified. The musical development is various Let, then, the first step be the mastery of one’s own ent. This continues through four measures, the voice is forced, and in forcing the chest, the riba will and complex, but nevertheless forms a unity of effect opinions, and the proper conception of the necessary melody replying in modifications of secondary motive feel the strain, headaches will set in, and general de¬ Pbcal®epartroei\t quality for beauty/which must be formed by study which offers psychical and physical satisfaction. One and is followed by chords, which contain motive differ¬ bility of the whole system will come on. The voice Conducted by proof of this may be found in the treatment of modu¬ and deference to the opinions of those who know— ently modified. will not stay in tune, the sweetness will be gone, and lation. The impulses of wandering from the principal your teacher, for instance. These three modes of accompaniment alternate with loudness impossible to control is all that will be left, H.W.GReeNe key of F-major, returning to it or simply balancing if, indeed, even this is left different moods until those demistaecato, complex Classification of Voices. upon some double-diminished chord of the seventh, triplets appear. Their thematic construction is made Do you realize,—young ladies,—do you realize w hat with assistance of certain progression and rhythm, V e will divide the voice, as is the custom, into six moral obligation there is upon you to do the best in Much has been said of joying worthy things, especially in the case of the complex by peculiar manner of massing the tones; clearly express different moods of rest or unrest. classes, but we will only deal with the female voices your power right now with your own tone-production? RICHARD WAGNER. Richard Wagner, and his in Gounod number. Paiker’s “A Gypsy Maiden, I” and however, there is no incongruity. The theme is heard This similarity of .rmonic and rhythmical move¬ at present. The voices are divided into soprano, The time may never come when you can give a pupil fluence upon the voice as Bohm’s “Thine” are quoted as the writer’s secular in the different parts through several derivations of ments result in a unity which lends a true symmetry mezzosoprano, and contralto; tenor, baritone, and style, finish, diction, anu musical education, but there one of his vehicles for effect. Authorities at first dif¬ favorites, the former actin0 as a spur to vocal effort, the main motive. This portion of the composition to the form of the work. bass. There are two distinct classes of mezzosoprano, is no injury wrought, for some one else will come fered most widely, one group maintaining that his the latter elevating one to a conception of climax might be understood as the continual yearning of a The melody of this truly musical composition flow s the one leaning to soprano capable of singing moder¬ along who can; hut if you ruin the tone-production demands were excessive, incompatible with Nature, that can be made almost tragic. We have here, it human heart and the perpetual calling of all Nature smoothly with its subtle thematic development. Fol- ately high music at times, the other tending to con —it is gone, and with it the voice, and the health, destructive, and utterly selfish, since vocal limitations appears to me, an illustration of either a too exalted for “Adelaide.” Thus the rccompaniment progresses, low ing are a few instances of esthetic conceptions, ac¬ tralto. Perhaps it would be more intelligible to divide and the hope, and nothing it left hut despair and utter were ignored; in short, voices were only worthy of view of what might be called rational intensity, or, a ever answering, questioning, anticipating, or repeat¬ cording to my limited understanding. In the seeonu the female voices into contralto, mezzocontralto, uselessness, for who has given so much time snd being sacrificed on the altar of his unrestrained am¬ serious misapplication of the term tragedy, for “Thine” ing the melody, and the effect of the work might be measure of the vocal p rt the repetitions of tone A, mezzosoprano, dramatic soprano, and soprano leggieru. thought to one study esnnot turn around and be suc¬ bition or to lend brilli ncy to ideals of his imagination. is a love-song at best, and aspires to deal with the described as the vibrations of a noble heart echoing by belonging to some harmony, seem to give an im¬ Not only does that seem better, but it seems to cessful at something else, especially if dejected and Others were equally insistent that the great master tender passion in a spirit of enthusiasm, the fact of its the vibrations of a wonderful universe. pression of lingering tenderness or hesitation about correct the first flagrant error concerning the voice, disappointed at the failure of her plans and hopea.— understood the voice, that a perfect balance between being w ell written to that end is not commented upon. Slusic Trade Renew. revealing the heart’s secret. In the sixth measure the and to establish that it is quality, and not range, that it and the orchestra, as he conceived its purpose, had E. G. H. will define more clearly, perhaps, on another • • • last repetition of A, with its harmony of double- makes known to you what a voice is. It is not a never been violated. occasion. A book, bearing upon its diminished chord of the seventh, balances for an in¬ To sing is to use the question of compass, but of timbre. Many mezzo- It is to the greater glory of Wagner that after a “Student” selects as a favorite Rubinstein’s “Thou sopranos can sing higher notes than many sopranos. A NEW WORK ON cover the modest title of stant before taking the next step, and reminds me of A PLAIN TALK TO voice in accordance with quarter of a century the first group have considerably Art Like unto a Flower.” “The exquisite sweetness But upon the texture of the middle voice the voice THE VOICE. “The Voice,” has just come a person under great emotional stress, who becomes VOCAL STUDENTS. musical laws. Singing is an modified their position, and the general or unbiased of the melody, and beautifully harmonious accompani¬ must be built, and, whereas it would be a trifling from the Macmillan Preaa. urconscious of self, yet quickly recovers. art by which thought and opinion is, that, while great nobility of tone as well ment” are given as the reasons why the song holds matter for the mezzo to sing a very high note, or very W. A. Aikin is the writer, and he certainly has The composer’s tendency to place the repetition of feeling are expressed by means of vocalization and as wide margins of endurance are required, they are first place in the writf-r's regard. While one can but many of them for that matter, it would be a terrible achieved something akin to distinction (no pun in¬ a note upon an accented part of its measure, and giv¬ articulation. Of course you understand vocalization strictly consistent with possible vocal equipment, and indorse unhesitatingly the two facts given as reasons, strain upon the voice (and the audience as well, do tended) in that he haa presented yet another scheme ing it a foreign harmony, is particularly expressive, to mean work of the vowels, and articulation that of the prejudice and error has been the result of so many they are, nevertheless, too superficial, and do not go net forget this) to sing a song which lies in the for vocal teachers to differ, if not quarrel, over. The because the mood is emphasized and prolonged. the consonants in form of words. ignoring the necessity for that equipment. deeply enough into the subject to give the casual soprano part of the scale. feature of the book that marks its author for dis¬ It is exemplified between the tenth and eleventh It is distinctly my intention not to present to you In the opinion of the writer, Richard Wagner has reader a deeper insight into the compositions. The H only students could be brought into the realiza¬ tinction is the wonder that he could find and present measures (exclusive of introduction), making the tone singing, or the voice from the pedagogic, or to left an indelible impressio upon the vocal art, and song is much sung and greatly admired. The art that tion that a tone or half-tone, or, let us say, to use a in so plausible a manner a unique thing that others statement of adoration more emotional and forcible. be more simple, the teacher's side. This article in the right direction. He has greatly dignified it as was employed by the composer to give to it the deli¬ better phraseology, a step, or half-step, makes abso¬ have not worked to pulp before him. This method of arranging the melody is characteristic has nothing to say to you of tone-production, regis¬ a calling, repudiated the too common idea of its super¬ cacy of touch and treatment that must ever arouse lutely no difference in glory as far as high notes are We thought, after reading Mr. Sutro’a remarkable of the composition, and, together with other con¬ ters, or anything that pertains to the voice as a ficiality, and established a clear division in the ranks sincerest pleasure in the discriminating listener is not concerned, and so very mueh throughout the entire book, that efforts to be vague would be shamed into stituents, expresses sincere, noble love as predomi¬ study. For that you have your teacher. This is quiescence; but we know now that the ingenuity of of singers, relegating to smaller houses and lighter included in the writer’s reasons. song in artistic effect in the matter of the lay of the nating, regardless of other moods. simply meant to handle the voice from the hearer s the human mind is without limit, and that we, as a rOles, those who were deficient in purpose, physique, voice in general, if, in any way, you could be im¬ C. S. selects Nevin’s “Rosary,” because the words The main motive is an element so prominent, howT- stand point, and be assuren that the hearer is more profession, have facing us theories without number; and intelligence, and giving employment to those of pressed with the absolute truth of this, if you could and music are full of sentiment, and it is best suited ever altered it may be, that special mention is neces¬ beautiful theories, interesting to read about, perhaps, broader scope. critical than you think. Critical is, perhaps, not the be made to understand the blind unreasonableness of to her voice, and “Salve Regina,” by Buck, because sary to appreciate this fact. It appears that this and, to a choice few, interesting to read, but—and This, in itself, is no insignificant item to be placed word, for it is a criticism that is not based upon a this terrible mistake, the inevitable ruin of your voice it fills the writer with a desire to be good, and it motive possesses twofold qualities because it rarely technical knowledge, nor indeed upon any knowledge, here we pause. to the credit of a single composer. When, however, and your career would be avoided. seems to be an excellent composition,—another ex-, this is said, it but dimly suggests the influence of the occurs in its entirety. For instance (according to my but upon natural sense. It is hardly fair, even if it i* customary, to writs ample of surface effect or mere impressionability. It comprehension), the main motive is present in the criticisms on a concert in the seclusion of one’s apart¬ man; beyond the realm of the technical we are to Purpose of Study. must be realized that we are aiming to rouse our ments while the concert is in progress. Neither look for the real effect of the master’s power. The third and fourth measures of vocal music, and a dis¬ Beauty cr Voice. readers to a different sort of song-study. The proper tinction is noticeable in its beginning and end. The Let me talk more intimately to you—there may be should one merely glan e at a book and then tell his singer ceases to become an automaton, and is rouse Let us linger over the voice as a thing of beauty, way to approach a song is in an analytical spirit. first part, which is in the third measure, has suffi¬ some of you to whom the outlay of so mueh money readers what kind of a book it is. I have read Mr. to intellectual effort of a high order. The truly for is not beauty a pleasurable thing of w'hich to That a thing is good or beautiful is sufficient to as a musical education costs is not easy. You may be Aikin’s book, and I find the author sound on the dramatic, as differentiated from the highly dramatic, cient force to claim individuality, while the same may answer all the requirements of the average listener, think—to speak? Is not beauty worth working for? working hard to save enough for it; if you are not, practical and standard ideas of the profession. Res¬ is sought after. Balance of power is opposed to be said of the second part, consisting of the notes but it is not enough for the studious, thoughtful, or Is it not worth thought and study to achieve beaut) . some one else may be toiling and economizing and piration and physiology are touched upon after the power, emotional intensity is elevated to a plane -of E, G, F. In order to express myself plainly, I will intelligent singer. The habit of the student and So let us accept, if you please, that beauty is the first denying him or herself all enjoyments, even necessi¬ mode of a careful reader and thinker. His presenta¬ artistic sincerity, and thus on through the varying name the former, the primary, and the latter, the sec¬ teacher should be so carefully to study a song that element to be desired in a voice. ties, that your beautiful talent may be cultivated, tion of the “whisper” as a fundamental element of phases of art effort do we find the superficial giving ondary, motive. the reasons for its existence, as also its effect, are Now, then, what constitutes beauty? If I were that you may be independent, that you may gain correct tone-presentation is the unique feature, and way to the substantial and legitimate demands of an The word “Adelaide” is so effectually embellished clear; once this habit is formed, much that is ac¬ asked for an unbiased expression, I should say that reputation, and that you may be valuable, in turn, he has exhausted the subject. The future teacher who entirely worthy profession. by different modifications of secondary motives at the cepted as worthy now on the score of its construc¬ quality is first, foremost, and well, I was going to to the eircle which will surround you as you begin to works from his formulas will perfect end develop two The young woman who aspires to grand opera can first two treatments of the word, that it is not diffi¬ tion, form, or good taste will he found wanting. The say everything, but perhaps I would better not be so live vour own life. instruments — the resonator and the vocal cords. no longer fancy that a pretty figure and flexible voice cult to imagine the “lovely magic light which through art, as well as the artist, suffers by yielding to the sweeping. Others of you are studying for nothing but your While, as he states, “It is not possible to develop the will open the path to a complete career. She realizes waving and bloomy branches trembles” with emo¬ blandishments of a plausible melody. While all can¬ Do I prefer contralto or soprano? Well, for a con¬ own homes and your friends; you are girls who do vocal cords w ithout ueing the resonator, it is possible that to be complete she must include in her repertory tional adoration, then passionate adoration. So, in tralto, I prefer a contralto, and for a soprano, I prefer not expect to use your voices as a means of earning to train the resonator without including the vocal not at first analyze a song or judge surely of its actual like manner, each setting of the word may be defined roles that have tested the most brilliant minds and cords,” and here is where the “w hisper” comes in play. merit, still, as in all other branches of the art, much a soprano, and there is more in that remark than you vour living, and to you this part of my talk would the stoutest endurance. She not unwisely shrinks as having a mood peculiar to itself. His theories are very carefully worked out. snd show is revealed by persistent search, and the results repay will get from it on one hearing. In fact, it might well 'not need to be addressed if-yes, there is an if-.f we from the severe riffime, and selects a less trying At the first two appearances of sentence “Waves are him to excellent advantage as a pioneer. He, with the effort a thousandfold. be said that quality entirely depends upon the de¬ mia-ht look into the future and see that you always sphere. Thus does the art, in its modem aspect, rushing” an effective climax is realized by smooth, velopment of a voice, leaving the ‘voice where it be¬ would occupy the positions which you do now If his book, however, belongs to the class of unpractical testify to the stupendous force of this man. If only “Sincere Student” quotes, as a favorite song, Beet¬ powerful modulation, and the figure-work of melody longs. There is perhaps no more insurmountable diffi¬ there were no such occurrences as reverses; if the da. hobbyists who, while they may be interestingly seien a single phase of his wide display f gifts is so marked hoven’s “Adelaide,” and the reasons given are to fol¬ and accompaniment, particularly the latter. It de¬ culty presented to the teacher than this one, leaving would never come when by a Wall Street crash you tific, are not greatly . dvancing the art of singing, be¬ in results, what must we allow' for the entire circle low. While the writer is too verbose, he reveals the scends in scale-like manner, as modification of primary cause their works are not of special value to the out of question the voices ruined by ignorant rea would find vourself face to face with the problem how of influence which has radiated from the genius of true analytical spirit, and presents a sharp contrast motive, which is repeated in following measure, at the ment, that are brought to a teacher, voices shrieking to make a living; if, when standing m the]presen singer. Richard Wagner! in the manner of approaching a composition as com¬ interval of a fourth and imitates approaching and While the niceties of the resonator are beinjj expen out high notes when they should be singing low 0Des’ of this problem, you did not solve it m that un ¬ # '* * pared with those who have been quoted. receding waves. This imitation of waves, besides mented with by those who enjoy specializing, the forcing low, grumbly, weak tones when t ev s ou natural way—teach sing—use the musical education. When considering the number of truly beautiful, making the motive very important, augments the student of singing is learning to sing, and will prob Among the replies to my have ringing high ones. Strange as it may seem, soul-stirring songs that exist, it is obvious that se¬ great passion of this dramatic climax. Responsibility. ablv find his goal, if it has been rightly chosen, before REPERTORY. HI. invitation to send in favorite these distorted voices be i the possession of docile, lecting the favorite one is no easy matter. Owing to In allegro molto movement, commencing with words his'experimenting brother has finished with h» reso¬ repertory numbers, the fol¬ intelligent beings, there is hope. Scientific treatmen Now let us come into the future. You have ar this fact, I can only mention Beethoven’s “Adelaide/ “Clearly glitters” the music gradually reaches another nator and gotten down to his instrument number two, lowing have been selected as suggestive. It is by no or, to be more plain, scholarly voice- ui ©> rived at that point where the instruction of young opus 48, as one of my many favorites. The reason of climax, which, if not so important, is surely as ex¬ viz.: the vocal cords. means to be supposed that we have here a narrow overcome this, even though the path reary voices is in youV bands. Do you know what respons,- selecting it for my subject is the absolute originality pressive of the desired sentiment. The thematic rising While tabulated results argue for a certain co- subject; the full force of its importance will develop ■ -nr that means’ If vou do not; first and foremost of style and conception, its wonderful harmony and of melodic figure might be interpreted as a mood of weary and stony. ... . a. herenev of thought and investigation, they are, of as we proceed. Now, to return to the first proposition-to the beautiful Sckwarmerei. It has so much Inhalt, as joyful love, and, by virtue of ending upon a dominant ti“" necessity, vague and indefinite to the mtmbof those voice as a thing of beauty. To be beautiful • 6 traiirht line between ruined voices and consump- E. G. H. mentions, first, “O, Divine Redeemer” Germans say, of deep, poetical significance, that mere chord, the climax is not a satisfactory, but anticipa- who look for their vocal phenomena in a good tone, must have quality and it must ave us «<.<. •*» « > as its result, rather than it» cause. The majority of (Gounod), “A Dream of Paradise” (Gray), and the words fail to express it. Its wonderful tones com¬ tive, one. After another appearance of this sequence ■ Is it perhaps the standard of beauty ^ books are useful and interesting to the investigator, writer, with but scant allusion to the construction or mune of a universal harmony and freedom, remind me in same mood, the melody moves by degrees to the to establish? Is it that a pupil does not r g* ' treatment of the compositions, beyond calling them of Nature’s profundity, awaken my best and noblest calando, ending with noble resignation. but misleading to the student. beautv? To the one, beauty means naught save a fc beautiful, says that “they are a constant inspiration sentiments, and arouse love of all mankind and living Before closing these remarks, it is well to consider to better and nobler living’—a worthy reason for en¬ creatures. the relation of accompaniment to the whole. At first 456 THE etude 457 The term “vocal art” now an unequaled opportunity ZZl\ZZe 9P8Ce tha” « - - ‘He used either in full .ire 0r in half .ire, for the WAGNER AND conveys to our minds some- price. Send in your orders early. VOCAL ART. thing broader and more sig¬ Dr. Clarke has based this work on the plan used in nificant than it did before suceessfu. text-book „n “Harmony” and aim^ fo • • • Wagner’s time. We no longer associate it with vo¬ make the instruction practical in its applieation to For a gift book at . modera.e price, t„lt of great Gifts for Music Lowers m
definite “to-morrow.” Assign to each hour certain things to be practiced during that hour,—taking, Volumes of Valxie perhaps, for fifteen minutes finger exercises, and the Important Announcement remaining forty-five memorizing, and so on over the TO time spent at the piano each day, until all set aside for that day’s practice has been provided for. When Mvisic Teachers After a lapse of nearly six years we taking up a new work of any sort, whether study or find it possible to resume the issue of piece, carefully read the whole over, noting, with the Music Review, the publication of pencil, if necessary, the parts which will need the which was suspended in Dec., 1894. most careful attention.—Maude Willard. PIANO CLASSICS We shall not, however, as then, con¬ $1.00 PER. VOLUME duct the magazine feature of it . . . By Mail, Postpaid The publication of the Review was Piano Classics, Vol. I originally intended to be a most ef¬ Piano Classics, Vol. II ficient aid in presenting to the teach¬ QUESTIONS Piano Classics, Vol. Ill ing and musically cultured public Students’ Classics throughout the country, information Young People’s Classics, Vol. I regarding desirable new publications "'fLti D ANSWERS Young People’s Classics, Vol. II that are issued from all publishing houses of any note. It is this feature of the Review that will be resumed E. A. H.—It is not possible to say absolutely that either vocal or instrumental music is superior to the Four-hand Piano Music now, with perhaps the addition of other. This is true, however, that the limitations of By Mail, Postpaid noting a few of the most important the human voice, as regards compass and endurance, Classic Four-Hand Collection, $1.00 events. We shall now, as before, greatly circumscribe the composer in his work. Hence Tone Pictures, by Joseph Low, l.oo give space in the Review only to the instrumental music has more freedom as to range, to dynamic effects, and as to continued sounding. Or¬ Four Little Hands, 1.00 listing of such things as we find after chestral music is generally considered to represent the Easy Piano Duets. Edited by Heinrich ICiehl. careful examination to he the most greatest possible musical results, and it is apparent Thirty Duets, .75 For the Piano (without octaves). By Cornelius Gurlitt. desirable for their purpose. We shall why when we call to mind what was said before as to endeavor to have our classification the* limits of the human voice. Then the text, in vocal On the White Keys, 1.00 An Introduction to the Piano. By L. E. Orth. music, determines very largely what the composer is and grading so complete that it will to do while in instrumental music he can develop all Easy Pieces in Easy Keys, Vol. 1I» .50 be a helpfnl and reliable guide in For the Piano. _ the possibilities of his theme. enabling subscribers to judge of the Yet there is such pure, expressive beauty in the nature of everything that is recom¬ human voice at its best, beca se there is soul in it, Mother Goose Songs Without Words that many will not grant pre-eminence to instru¬ By L. E. ORTH mended. Special and separate men¬ mental music. The consensus of opinion, however, is Price, $1.25, Postpaid tion will be given wherever it is that instrumental music produces finer specimens of Seventy easy piano pieces, with each of which are given words deemed necessary. absolute music than does vocal. in the same rhythm, selected from Mother Goose. A work much We take this opportunity to an¬ used by well-known piano teachers. W. B. K.—The melody introduced by Weber at the nounce the connection with our close of his “Jubel Overture” is used by several coun¬ house of Mr. Walter Spry, a pianist tries as a national hymn; in the United States it is Intervals, Chords, and Ear Training and musician of high standing, set to “America,” as we call it; in England, “God By JEAN PARKMAN BROWN Save the King (Queen)”; in Prussia, “Heil Dir im whose study abroad for many years Siegerkranz”; in Saxony, “Deu Konig Segne Gott”; Price, $1.00, Postpaid and whose experience in teaching in it is also used in Denmark. Weber wrote the overture ** It cannot fail to be the right way to lead children ami others to a correct understanding of tnc elements of tone and harmony with¬ this country since his return, gives in 1818, while he was in Dresden, for the accession of out which they never can be on the right path."—William H. him unusual fitness for conducting the king of Saxony. Hence it is reasonable to con¬ Sherwood. sider that he thought of it as the Saxon national For contents and description n# the above, and many other a work of this nature. The Review volumes of piano music, send for " Descriptive Circular B," hymn. mailed free. will be under his charge and be will Our special illustrated catalogue. Selected Piano Music, l>e ably assisted by others connected W. A. B.—1. The Major scale is a series of eight mailed free. _ consecutive sounds composed of the intervals of whole with our house, and by competent tones and half-tones, the latter occurring between the musicians whose special services are third and fourth and seventh and eighth of the series. secured for this purpose. There are several forms of the minor scale. If you Vocal Classics will refer to The Etude for September, 1898, you will Former subscribers to the Review $1.00 PER VOLUME find in it a valuable article on the minor-scale forms will not need to be told of the fair¬ By Mail, Postpaid by Mr. Carl Faelten. As a concise statement, the fol¬ ness with which the listing of new lowing may help you: The most commonly used Classic Baritone and Bass Songs. compositions was conducted, and we forms, the Harmonic Minor, has half-tones between Classic Vocal Gems for Soprano. the second and third, fifth and sixth and seventh and can only give renewed assurance Classic Vocal Gems for Alto. eighth; the natural minor between the second and that such fairness will be continued. third, seventh and eighth. Classic Vocal Gems for Tenor. Our aim will be to make the Review Classic Vocal Gems for Bass. 2. The first piano is generally considered to have the most efficient and reliable record been made by Cristofori, in Italy, in 1711. Song Classics for High Voices, Vol. I of desirable novelties that can be Song Classics for Higli Voices, Vol. H C. M. B.—1. In the scale of F-sharp minor the most had. Extended reviews will be made Song Classics for Low Voices. comfortable fingering causes the fourth finger to fall only of large works of importance. . on G-sharp in the right hand. 2. In the G-sharp-minor scale the fourth finger falls The Review will be issued monthly on the fourth degree of the scale, as usual. THE ART OF SINGING at least ten months in the year and we have fixed the yearly subscrip¬ II. J. S.—With quite young pupils only the most By WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE elementary harmony should be taught in conjunction tion price at fifty cents. In Three Parts, each $1.00 with piano-lessons, such as the naming of intervals, By Mail, Postpaid The reappearance of the Review will the formation of the major and minor scale, and the make further publication of our construction of the common chord and the arpeggios ** A remarkable book, the work of a thorough scientific musician, a student of the elder Lamperti, an accomplished singer, an expe¬ Bulletin unnecessary and that will derived from it. In this connection elementary ear¬ rienced teacher whose pupils occupy prominent positions in ofiera training exercises have been found most valuable. In¬ ami concert work and nil responsible prists as teachers." therefore be discontinued. struction in musical history should be confined to Send tor Descriptive Circular A (mailed free) for contents ami description of the above and many other volumes of songv To do this work thoroughly and con¬ anecdotal remarks on the composers of the pieces Our special illustrated catalogue, Selected Songs, mailed free. scientiously requires an enortnons studied and on the periods in which they were written. Mr. Tapper's new book, soon to be issued, “First amount of time and labor and it is Music Review, 25 Cents a Ye^r Studies in Music Biography” will be found useful. therefore hoped we will receive lib¬ A piano solo ami song reproduced in each number. New music M. B. D.—The minor scale is best impressed on the and musical literature reviewed. Special articles by well-known eral support in promoting a publica¬ writers. Portraits and biographical sketches of musicfans. Every minds of young pupils by having them construct the student of music needs this little magazine. Semi for sample copy, tion of this nature. We will appre¬ scale for themselves, rearranging the notes of the mailed free. ciate every effort that is made in our major scale, beginning with the sixth degree. This behalf towards securing new sub¬ gives the ancient form of the scale. The harmonic ORDERS SOLICITED FOR ALL MUSICAL PUBLICATIONS minor scale should the., le derived from this form by scribers. Yours very truly, chromatically raising the seventh degree both ascend¬ OLIVER. DITSON CO. ing and descending, and the melodic by chromatically CLAYTON F. SUM MY CO. MUSIC PUBLISHERS raising the sixth ami seventh degrees ascending and Oliver Ditson Co. Boston 2 jo Wibish Ave., - - - Cliicigo restoring them descending Both these forms should Chas. H. Ditson d Company, - New York be practiced. J. E. Ditson d Company, Philadelphia 1