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Descriptions and Notes on the Wood Anatomy of Boraginaceae from Western Mexico

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Descriptions and Notes on the Wood Anatomy of Boraginaceae from Western Mexico IAWA Bulletin n.s., Vol. 2 (2-3),1981 61 DESCRIPTIONS AND NOTES ON THE WOOD ANATOMY OF BORAGINACEAE FROM WESTERN MEXICO by Josefina Barajas MoraIes Instituto de Biologia, Universidad Nacional Aut6noma de Mexico, Ap. Postal 70-233, Mexico, D.F. Summary Material and Methods The wood anatomy of six species of Boragi­ Tree species examined were: Cordia alliodo­ naceae: Cordia elaeagnoides, e. sonorae, e. hin­ ra (Ruiz et Pav.) Cham., Perez 601, Barajas tonii, e. dentata, e. alliodora and Bourreria 003; e. dentata Poir., Barajas 001, 085, 086; purpusii from western Mexico is described. e. elaeagnoides DC., Garcia 010, Barajas 008, Some observations are made about interest­ 002; e. hintonii Johnst., Perez 825, 1575; e. ing characteristies for the family, such as pres­ sonorae Rose, Perez 631, Barajas 004; Bourre­ ence of silica grains, oxalate crystals, starch and ria purpusii Brandeg., Perez 1702, Barajas 005, coalescent apertures and some inferences about 027. Two other Cordia species (e. seleriana and their possible taxonomic significance and diag­ e. microsebestena) from Mexico have not been nostic value. incIuded in this study because they are shrubs. All the specimens were collected at the Biology Introduction Station of Chamela in Jalisco, western Mexico, Many Mexican woody species have never and herbarium vouchers are deposited in the been described, in spite of interesting structural National Herbarium (MEXU) and wood sam­ characteristics that make them very important pIes in the xylarium of the Biology Institute at in studies of a taxonomic or other nature. the Universidad Nacional Aut6noma de Mexico About 200 species have been described but on­ (MEXUw) (Stern, 1978). The sectioning blocks Iy a few are available in national publications were taken at 1.50 m from the base of the (Huerta, 1963; Huerta & Becerra, 1976; Echen­ trunk, soaked in ethylenediamine (Kukachka, ique, 1970; Flores, 1968; Oe la Paz, 1974, 1977), dehydrated, stained and mounted by 1976; Guridi, 1975; Barajas and co-workers, standard methods. Macerated material was also 1976,1979,1980; RebolIar, 1977; Romero et prepared, and 25 measurements were taken for al., 1978). each of the quantitative characters. The Boraginaceae are very weil represented The terminology and nomenclature is in ac­ in America and in western Mexico there are cordance to the recommendations of the com­ some endemie species like Cordia elaeagnoides mittees on nomencIature of IAWA (1957). (section Rhabdocalyx), e. sonorae (section Standard terms for size cIassification follow Gerascanthus), e. hintonii (section Pilicordia) those of Chattaway (1932) and the committee and Bourreria purpusii (Johnston, 1930, 1940). on the standardization of terms of cell size In this area some species have a distribu tion go­ (lAWA, 1937 and 1939). ing down to northern South America and the West Indies, like Cordia den ta ta (Johnston, ResuIts 1950). Others have a wide ranging distribution The macroscopic characters are summarized throughout America, like e. alliodora. in Table I. In the Boraginaceae there are many taxon­ omie problems, especially regarding the genus Cordia alliodora (Ruiz et Pav.) Cham. - Dif­ Cordia because of the heterogeneity of its spe­ fuse or semi-ring-porous, pores mostly solitary eies; it has been suggested that only the Cordias and in groups of 2 and 3 (to 5), moderately of the Varronia seetion should be maintained few, 8/mm2; tangential diameter moderate­ in the genus Cordia and that section Sebestena sized (average 142 J.lm); lumina with tyloses. and its aIlies should be transferred to different Vessel elements very short (200-310 J.lm, aver­ genera (Nowieke & Ridgway, 1973). This sug­ age 243 J.lm); perforation plates simple; vessel­ gestion, supported by palynological studies ray and intervascular pitting alternate. Paren­ that show eoncordance with the floral and chyma paratracheal, confluent, sometimes ali­ fruiting structures, gives relevance to the wood form and also marginal, containing starch anatomy studies related to the taxonomy of grains and rhomboidal crystals. Rays moderate­ Cordia. Iy numerous, 4/mm, multiseriate, 5 or more Downloaded from Brill.com09/27/2021 08:59:17AM via free access 62 lAWA Bulletin n.s., Vol. 2 (2-3),1981 Table 1 heartwood sapwood taste lustre tex ture grain sp.gr. * Cordia alliodora brown grayish light brown none high medium straight 0.73 den ta ta light brown light brown none medium medium straight 0.53 elaeagnoides dark brown-blackish light brown none little medium interlocked 0.88 hintonii light brown light brown none medium medium interlocked 0.64 sonorae light brown-reddish light brown none medium medium straight 0.81 Bourreria purpusii cream pinkish cream pinkish bitter medium fine straight 0.73 * sp.gr.: specific gravity of ovendry wood. cells wide, heterogeneous, with upright margin­ trie, aliform, or conf1uent, containing prismatic al cells, very short (average 950 Jlm). Sheath crystals. Rays few, 4/mm, multiseriate, 4-5- cells present. Rhomboidal crystals in upright seriate, heterogeneous with one or more rows cells. Fibres libriform, medium-sized (length of upright marginal cells, very short (average 950-1840 Jlm, average 1320 Jlm) with very 907 Jlm). Sheath cells and prismatic erystals thick walls (Fig. I). present. Libriform fibres medium-sized (length 800-1570 Jlm, average 1132 Jlm) with very Cordia den ta ta Poir. (synonyms Varronia alba thiek walls. Growth rings present but inconspi­ and Cordia alba). - Diffuse porous, pores most­ cuous, delimited by flattened and more thick­ Iy solitary and in small groups of 2 or 3 to 5, walled fibres and occasionally by marginal pa­ moderately few, 8/mm2; tangential diameter renchyma (Fig. 3). moderate-sized (average 140 Jlm). Vessel ele­ ments very short (150-260 Jlm, average 206 Cordia hintonii lohnst. - Ring-porous, pores Jlm); perforation plates simple; intervascular mostly solitary and in small groups of 2 to 5, pitting alternate and with coalescent apertures; few, 4/mm2; tangential diameter moderate­ vessel-ray pits gash-like horizontal; lumina sized (average 200 Jlm). Vessel elements very with tyloses. Parenehyma conf1uent parat ra ch­ short (150-270 Jlm, average 204 Jlm); perfora­ eal, very abundant with a tendency to form tion plates simple; vessel-ray and intervascular bands, and marginal, containing rhomboidal pitting alternate and with coalescent apertures; erystals. Rays moderately numerous, 6/mm; lumina with tyloses. Parenchyma paratraeheal mostly triseriate and sometimes multiseriate, confluent or aliform and in short bands, con­ heterogeneous with one or more rows of up­ taining abundant rhomboidal erystals. Rays right marginal eells; very short (average 676 few, 4/mm, multiseriate, 3 to 5 cells wide, Jlm). Sheath eells present. Prismatie crystals in heterogeneous with one or more rows of up­ upright eells. Librifonn fibres medium-sized right marginal celIs, short (average 1025 Jlm). (length 820-1500 Jlm, average 1154 Jlm) (Fig. Sheath celIs and rhom boidal crystals present. 2). Libriform fibres medium-sized (length 900- 1500 Jlm, average 1170 Jlm). Growth rings de­ Cordia elaeagnoides oe. - Semi-ring-porous, limited by more thick-walIed fibres and some pores mostly solitary and in small groups of :2 marginal parenchyma (Fig. 4). to 5, moderately few. 6/mm2 with medium­ sized tangential diameter (average 200 Jlm). Cordia SO/lorae Rose. - Semi-ring-porous, Vessel elements very short (150-350 Jlm. aver­ pores mostly solitary and in groups of 2-5, age 240 Jlm); perforation plates simple; vessel­ moderately numerous, 16/mm2, tangential dia­ ray and intervascular pitting alternate and mete r moderate-sized (average 107 Jlm). Vessel sometimes with coalescent apertures; lumina elements moderately short (200-380 Jlm, aver­ with tyloses. Parenchyma paratracheal vasicen- age 290 Jlm): perforation plates simple; vessel- Fig. 1-6. Transverse sections, alI x 35. - I. Cordia alliodora. - 2. C. de/ltata. - 3. C. elaeagnoides. - 4. C. hinto/lii. - 5. C. SOllOrae. - 6. Bourreria purpusii. Downloaded from Brill.com09/27/2021 08:59:17AM via free access via free access free via Downloaded from Brill.com09/27/2021 08:59:17AM Brill.com09/27/2021 from Downloaded (9 1861 '((-z:) z: "\OA '"SOU ug;JIIng VAWI 64 IAWA Bulletin n.s., Vol. 2 (2-3),1981 Table 2. Average vaIues of some quantitative characters. fibre vessel member vessel pores/mm2 rays/mm ray length length diameter height (in j.Lm) (in j.Lm) (in j.Lm) (in j.Lm) Cordia alliodora 1320 243 142 8 4 950 Cordia den ta ta 1154 206 140 8 6 676 Cordia elaeagnoides 1132 240 200 6 4 907 Cordia hintonii 1170 204 200 4 4 1025 Cordia sonorae 1179 290 107 16 5 1209 Bourreria purpusii 1167 332 30 79 9 312 ray and intervascular pitting alternate. Lumina Discussion with tyloses. Parenchyma paratracheal, some­ The eells of the axial and/or radial parenehy­ times alifonn or confluent, and scanty marginal, ma in all speeimens studied showed calcium containing rhomboidal crystals and silica grains. oxalate erystals (Figs. 7, 8). Rays moderately numerous, 5/mm, muItiseri­ In seetion Geraseanthus two of the species ate, 3-5 cells wide, heterogeneous with one or presented eertain inclusions unusual for the more rows of upright marginal cells, short family, stareh grains in the fibres as weil as in (average 1209 j.Lm). Sheath cells and rhomboi­ the parenehyma of Cordia alliodora (Figs. 9, dal crystals and silica grains present. Fibres me­ 10) and silica grains in the radial parenehyma dium-sized (Iength 980-1750 j.Lm, average of C. sonorae (Figs. 11, 12). 1179 j.Lm) with very thiek walls. Growth rings The stareh in the fibres of C. alliodora might inconspieuously delimited by scanty marginal provide an identification aid of praetieal signifi­ parenehyma and thieker walls of fibres (Fig. 5). eanee. The silica grains in the radial parenchyma of Bourreria purpusii Brandeg. - Diffuse por­ C. sonorae, being reported for the first time for ous, pores mostly solitary and in groups of 2 to this species, supports Gottwald 's opinion (1980) 5, very numerous, 79/mm2, tangential diame­ about the siliea grains eonstituting an impor­ ter very small (average 30 j.Lm).
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