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MIMOSACEAE Tribu Mimoseae Rosaura Grether* Angélica Martínez-Bernal* Melissa Luckow** Sergio Zárate***

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MIMOSACEAE Tribu Mimoseae Rosaura Grether* Angélica Martínez-Bernal* Melissa Luckow** Sergio Zárate*** Instituto de Biología Directora Tila María Pérez Ortiz Secretario Académico Fernando A. Cervantes Reza Secretaria Técnica Noemí Chávez Castañeda COMITÉ EDITORIAL Editor en Jefe Alejandro Novelo Retana Editor Ejecutivo Rosalinda Medina Lemos Editores Asociados Helga Ochoterena Booth Gerardo A. Salazar Chávez Asistente de Edición Leonardo O. Alvarado-Cárdenas Cualquier asunto relacionado con esta publicación, favor de dirigirse al Editor en Jefe: Departamento de Botánica, Instituto de Biología, UNAM. Apartado postal 70-233, C.P. 04510 México, D. F. Correo electrónico: [email protected] FLORA DEL VALLE DE TEHUACÁN-CUICATLÁN Fascículo 44. MIMOSACEAE Tribu Mimoseae Rosaura Grether* Angélica Martínez-Bernal* Melissa Luckow** Sergio Zárate*** *Departamento de Biología, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa **Plant Biology Department Plant Sciences, Cornell University ***Centro de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Morelia, Michoacán INSTITUTO DE BIOLOGÍA UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL AUTÓNOMA DE MÉXICO 2006 Primera edición: julio de 2006 D.R. © Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Instituto de Biología. Departamento de Botánica ISBN 968-36-3108-8 Flora del Valle de Tehuacán-Cuicatlán ISBN 970-32-3866-1 Fascículo 44 1 En la portada: 2 1. Mitrocereus fulviceps (cardón) 2. Beaucarnea purpusii (soyate) 3 4 3. Agave peacockii (maguey fibroso) 4. Agave stricta (gallinita) Dibujo de Elvia Esparza FLORA DEL VALLE DE TEHUACÁN-CUICATLÁN 44: 1-108. 2006 Mimosaceae1 R.Br. por Rosaura Grether Bibliografía. Cronquist, A. 1988. 2. Order Fabales. In: The evolution and classification of flowering plants, págs. 371-373. The New York Botanical Garden, New York, USA. Elias, T.S. 1981. Mimosoideae. In: R.M. Polhill, & P.H. Raven (eds.), Advances in Legume Systematics, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Part 1: 143-152. Gunn, C.R. 1984. Fruits and seeds of genera in the subfa- mily Mimosoideae (Fabaceae). U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Technical Bull. 1681: 1-194. Lewis, G., B. Schrire, B. Mackinder & M. Lock (eds.). 2005. Legumes of the World. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 577 pp. Luckow, M.A., J.T. Miller, D.J. Murphy & T. Livshultz. 2003. A phylogenetic analysis of the Mimosoideae (Leguminosae) based on chloroplast DNA sequence data. In: B.B. Klitgaard, & A. Bruneau (eds.), Advances in Legume Systema- tics, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Part 10: 197-220. Sousa S., M. & A. Delgado S. 1998. Leguminosas mexicanas: fitogeografía, endemismo y orígenes. In: T.P. Ramamoorthy, R. Bye, A. Lot & J. Fa (eds.), Diversidad biológica de México: orí- genes y distribución, Instituto de Biología, UNAM. México, D.F., pp. 449-500. Sousa S., M., R. Medina L., G. Andrade M. & M.L. Rico A. 2004. Leguminosas. In: A.J. García-Mendoza, M.J. Ordóñez & M. Briones-Salas (eds.), Biodiversi- dad de Oaxaca, Instituto de Biología, UNAM-Fondo Oaxaqueño para la Conser- vación de la Naturaleza-World Wildlife Fund, México, pp. 249-269. Árboles, arbustos o trepadoras, menos frecuentemente hierbas anuales o perennes, con aguijones o espinas o inermes. Hojas alternas, pinnadas o bipinnadas, pinnas 1-numerosos pares, folíolos 1-numerosos pares o modi- ficadas en filodios, pulvínulos presentes; estípulas presentes o modificadas en espinas. Inflorescencias axilares, solitarias o fasciculadas, en capítulos, espigas o racimos, a veces agrupadas en panículas. Flores generalmente bisexuales, a veces estaminadas o estériles, cáliz gamosépalo, rara vez poli- sépalo (Mimozyganthus), valvado, ocasionalmente imbricado en botón (Mimo- zyganthus, Parkia y Pentaclethra); corola gamopétala o polipétala, valvada, rara vez imbricada en botón (Dinizia); estambres en igual número o el doble que los pétalos o más de 10, filamentos libres o fusionados en un tubo; gineceo súpero, unicarpelar. Frutos en legumbres, usualmente secas, dehiscentes a tardíamente dehiscentes por uno o ambos márgenes o indehiscentes, a veces modificadas en craspedios, exocarpo liso u ornamentado, armado o inerme; mesocarpo ausente o bien desarrollado, cuando presente fibroso o esponjoso; endocarpo liso o septado, pardo, amarillo oscuro o rojo brillante; semillas 1-35 por legumbre, funículo hasta 5.0 mm largo, a veces modificado en un 1 Debido a su diversidad, la familia Mimosaceae es tratada por tribus. El presente fascículo incluye la descripción de la familia, la clave para identificación de las tribus y específicamente el tratamiento de la tribu Mimoseae. Agradecemos al Dr. Alfonso Delgado Salinas y al M. en C. Mario Sousa Sánchez, su apoyo en la revisión de este trabajo. Se agradece a E. Esparza la elaboración de las ilustraciones de las especies de los géneros Calliandropsis y Mimosa, a A. Luna las de Leucaena y Prosopis. 1 R. GRETHER, A. MARTÍNEZ-BERNAL, M. LUCKOW y S. ZÁRATE MIMOSACEAE arilo; testa coriácea o papirácea, generalmente con pleurograma bien definido; embrión recto o ligeramente deflexo; endospermo escaso, abundante o ausente; plúmula rudimentaria o bien desarrollada; semillas de germinación epigea, menos frecuentemente hipogea. Número cromosómico x = (8), 11, 12, 13, 14. Discusión. Se reconocen 4 tribus para esta familia: Acacieae, Ingeae, Mimo- seae y Mimozygantheae; las 3 primeras tienen representantes en México y en el Valle de Tehuacán-Cuicatlán, mientras que Mimozygantheae se encuentra únicamente en Sudamérica y el género Parkia, ahora incluído en las Mimoseae, crece en Centroamérica, África y Asia (Lewis et al. 2005). Diversidad. Familia con cerca de 50(-60) géneros y alrededor de 3100 espe- cies en el mundo, 26 géneros y 386(-400) especies en México y 14 géneros con 63 especies en el Valle de Tehuacán-Cuicatlán. Distribución. En regiones tropicales, subtropicales, áridas y semiáridas, menos frecuente en zonas templadas. CLAVE PARA LAS TRIBUS 1. Estambres hasta 10, libres, rara vez fusionados en la base. MIMOSEAE 1. Estambres más de 10, libres o fusionados en un tubo. 2. Estambres libres, rara vez fusionados sólo en la base. ACACIEAE 2. Estambres siempre fusionados en un tubo de longitud variable. INGEAE Tribu MIMOSEAE Bronn por Rosaura Grether Bibliografía. Hughes, C.E., C.D. Bailey, S. Krosnick & M. Luckow. 2003. Relationships among genera of the informal Dichrostachys and Leucaena groups (Mimosoideae) inferred from nuclear ribosomal ITS sequences. In: B.B. Klitgaard, & A. Bruneau (eds.), Advances in Legume Systematics, Royal Bota- nic Gardens, Kew. Part 10: 221-238. Lewis, G.P. & T.S. Elias. 1981. Tribe Mimo- seae. In: R.M. Polhill, & P.H. Raven (eds.), Advances in Legume Systematics, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Part 1: 155-168. Luckow, M. 2005. Tribe Mimo- seae. In: G. Lewis, B. Schrire, B. Mackinder & M. Lock (eds.), Legumes of the World, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. pp. 163-183. Árboles, arbustos, trepadoras o rara vez hierbas anuales o bianuales, iner- mes o con aguijones o espinas. Hojas con o sin glándulas en el pecíolo y/o en el raquis. Inflorescencias con brácteas florales deciduas o persistentes. Flores (3-)4-5(-6)-meras; estambres en igual número que los pétalos (flores haplos- témonas) o el doble que éstos (flores diplostémonas), exertos, libres o ligera- mente fusionados en la base, a veces petaloides en las flores estériles, ante- ras generalmente dorsifijas, a veces subbasifijas, introrsas, rara vez latrorsas, glabras u ocasionalmente pilosas (Leucaena), con o sin glándula apical sésil o estipitada; ovario sésil o estipitado, glabro o con indumento, óvulos 2-numero- sos, estilo atenuado o ensanchado hacia el ápice, estigma terminal poriforme, tubular, cupuliforme, infundibuliforme o truncado. Legumbres bivalvadas, 2 FLORA DEL VALLE DE TEHUACÁN-CUICATLÁN 44: 1-108. 2006 generalmente comprimidas, ocasionalmente cilíndricas, torulosas, espiraladas o tetragonales, rara vez aladas, a veces curvadas, membránaceas, cartáceas o leñosas, indehiscentes o dehiscentes a lo largo de uno o ambos márgenes, en ocasiones las valvas se separan del margen persistente (replo) y se dividen en segmentos transversales (artejos), cada uno con 1 semilla; semillas comprimi- das, a veces aladas (Cylicodiscus, Lemurodendron, Fillaeopsis, Indopiptade- nia, Newtonia, Parapiptadenia, Piptadeniastrum, Pseudopiptadenia), sin arilo, en ocasiones cubiertas por una pulpa delgada, funículos delgados, con o sin endospermo. Diversidad. Tribu con cerca de 39 géneros y 650-725 especies en el mundo, la mayoría pertenecientes al género Mimosa (500-510). En el Valle de Tehua- cán-Cuicatlán se encuentran 5 géneros y 28 especies. Distribución. Regiones tropicales y subtropicales de América, África, Mada- gascar y Asia, abundantes en zonas áridas y semiáridas, menos frecuentes en zonas templadas. CLAVE PARA LOS GÉNEROS 1. Legumbres péndulas, (4.0-)6.0-24.0(-30.0) cm largo. 2. Ramas inermes; inflorescencias en capítulos o panículas; anteras usualmente pilo- sas, eglandulares; legumbres dehiscentes a lo largo de ambos márgenes, exocarpo no estriado, mesocarpo y endocarpo papiráceos a cartáceos, este último no dividido en segmentos coriáceos con una semilla. 3. Leucaena 2. Ramas con espinas caulinares (en el Valle), rectas, 0.5-9.0 cm largo, laterales a las estípulas; inflorescencias en racimos (en el Valle); anteras no pilosas, con una glándula apical pedicelada; legumbres indehiscentes, exocarpo estriado (en el Valle), mesocarpo carnoso o fibroso y endocarpo dividido en segmentos coriáceos con una semilla (lomento drupáceo). 5. Prosopis 1. Legumbres no péndulas, (1.0-)2.0-6.5(-7.8) cm largo. 3. Ramas con aguijones recurvados
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