Monografija Banski Dvori

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Monografija Banski Dvori BANSKI DVORI BANSKI DVORI Zagreb, 2019. izdavač / publisher Vlada Republike Hrvatske, Hrvatski restauratorski zavod za izdavača / for the publisher mr. sc. Andrej Plenković urednice / editors dr. sc. Nina Obuljen Koržinek, dr. sc. Tajana Pleše tekstovi / texts mr. sc. Andrej Plenković dr. sc. Ivica Miškulin, dr. sc. Petar Puhmajer fotografije / photographs Mario Braun, Ljubo Gamulin, Josip Kopi, Stanko Szabo, Goran Tomljenović, Natalija Vasić Gradski zavod za zaštitu spomenika kulture i prirode Grada Zagreba, Hrvatska pošta d.d., Hrvatska radiotelevizija, Hrvatski restauratorski zavod, Ministarstvo kulture Republike Hrvatske, Ministarstvo obrane Republike Hrvatske, Muzej grada Zagreba, Országos Széchényi Könyvtár, Vlada Republike Hrvatske dizajn / design Ljubo Gamulin prijevod / translation Boutique Lingua lektura / proofreading Rosanda Tometić tisak / print Novi val naklada / print run 3000 isbn: 978-953-312-052-2 SADRŽAJ CONTENTS Uvodna riječ 9 Words of introduction Andrej Plenković Andrej Plenković Povijest Banskih dvora 17 The history of the Banski dvori Petar Puhmajer Petar Puhmajer Mjesto odluka – Dvorana Ban Jelačić, Banski 33 A place of decisions – the Ban Jelačić Hall, the dvori i Vlada Republike Hrvatske u samostalnoj Banski dvori and the Government of the Republic hrvatskoj državi of Croatia in the independent Croatian state Ivica Miškulin Ivica Miškulin Obnova Dvorane Ban Jelačić 57 Renovation of the Ban Jelačić Hall Petar Puhmajer Petar Puhmajer UVODNA RIJEČ WORDS OF INTRODUCTION Veliko mi je zadovoljstvo što je u mandatu ove I am very pleased that during the mandate of Vlade dovršena obnova Dvorane Ban Jelačić, this Government the Ban Jelačić Hall has been što je i potaknulo izradu ove monografije. restored which inspired the creation of this Namjera je priređivača ispričati priču o povi- monograph. The editor’s intention is to tell jesti Banskih dvora, predstaviti proces obnove the story of the history of the Banski dvori, to Dvorane u kojoj zasjeda hrvatska Vlada, ali i present the renovation process of the Hall in podsjetiti na njihovu ulogu i simboliku u neovi- which the Government sessions are held, but snoj i suverenoj Hrvatskoj. also to remind everyone of its role and meaning in an independent and sovereign Croatia. Toponimi, nazivi ulica, trgova ili opisni nazivi pojedinih zgrada već su odavno ušli u Toponyms, street and square names or politički žargon, tako da bez ikakva dodatnog descriptive names of particular buildings en- objašnjenja svi znamo na što se misli kad tered the political jargon a long time ago, so se izvjestitelji javljaju ispred Bijele kuće, kad we all know what is implied when journalists nam stižu vijesti iz Downing Streeta ili Eli- report from the White House, or when we re- zejske palače. ceive news from Downing Street or the Élysée U suvremenoj hrvatskoj povijesti takvu Palace. jasnu simboliku nedvojbeno ima i Trg sve- It is without doubt that St. Mark’s Square, toga Marka, gdje se, uz zgradu Vlade, na- where the buildings of the Croatian Parliament, laze i zgrade Hrvatskoga sabora, Ustavnoga Constitutional Court and Zagreb City Assembly suda i Skupštine Grada Zagreba. Pritom su are located, has the same symbolism in the Banski dvori u hrvatskome narodu, političkom modern Croatian history. The Banski dvori has i javnom životu postali istoznačnica za Vladu become synonymous with the Government of Republike Hrvatske i najvažnije odluke koje se the Republic of Croatia and the most impor- u toj zgradi donose. tant decisions that are taken in that building. Obnavljati prostor takvoga iznimnog To restore a location of such exceptional stvarnog i simboličkog značenja izazov je za concrete and symbolic importance poses a 9 stručnjake jer treba pomiriti zahtjeve za oču- challenge for the experts who must reconcile vanjem baštinskih karakteristika arhitekture i the requirements of preserving the cultural fea- interijera s potrebama suvremenog funkcio- tures of its architecture and interior with the niranja Vlade. Prvi tekst u monografiji govori needs of a modern Government functioning. o povijesti zgrade, o njezinim vlasnicima i The first text in the monograph focuses on the mijenama, a na kraju se opisuje posebno za- building’s history, its owners and shifts of own- htjevna obnova Dvorane Ban Jelačić. Bogatim ership, while ending with the description of ilustracijama i slikovnim materijalom zorno the complex renovation of the Ban Jelačić Hall. se dočaravaju povijesne promjene Banskih With the help of rich illustrations and images, dvora te njihovom pričom ujedno podsjeća na the monograph strives to vividly illustrate the povijest Zagreba i Hrvatske u posljednja dva historical turns taking place in and around the stoljeća. Banski dvori, using its story as a reminder of Istodobno, upravo zbog toga što su Banski the past two centuries in Zagreb’s and Croa- dvori u modernoj Hrvatskoj postali najvažnije tian history. mjesto donošenja ključnih političkih odluka, At the same time, due to the fact that the uoči tridesete obljetnice prvih slobodnih iz- Banski dvori has become the most important bora i ostvarivanja sna o neovisnosti, mono- place for reaching key political decisions in grafija donosi pregled najvažnijih događaja koji modern Croatia, on the eve of the 30th anniver- se povezuju s Dvorima, ali i s osobama i poli- sary of the first free elections and the dream tičarima koji su u njoj dulje ili kraće djelovali. of independence coming true, the monograph also gives an overview of the key events related Zgrade Banskih dvora postale su javni pro- to the Dvori and talks about the persons and stor prije dvjestotinjak godina, kad ih je Hr- politicians holding offices there for longer or vatski sabor kupio od grofa Kulmera i baruna shorter periods of time. Raucha. Otada se u tim prostorima piše hr- vatska povijest. Upravo se u Banskim dvorima, The Banski dvori complex became public davne 1832. godine, u Sabornici prvi put čuo space around two hundred years ago, when hrvatski jezik umjesto latinskoga, kada je ge- the Croatian Parliament bought it from Count neral Juraj Rukavina zahvalio na imenovanju i Kulmer and Baron Rauch. Ever since, these časti potkapetana Kraljevstva. Donesen je tu i rooms have testified to the Croatian history in povijesni zaključak o uvođenju hrvatskoga kao the making. It was precisely in the Banski dvori službenog jezika, čemu je prethodio nadahnuti that the Croatian language was used in the Par- Kukuljevićev istup, prvi zastupnički govor na liament for the first time instead of Latin back hrvatskom jeziku. in 1832 in General Juraj Rukavina’s words of U Banskim dvorima otvoren je prvi tele- gratitude for the honour of being appointed a grafski vod u Hrvatskoj, ali i u jugoistočnom Subcommander of the Kingdom. This is also 10 dijelu Europe. „Telegraf je u redu“, brzojavljeno where the historic decision on introducing je Morseovim signalima u rujnu 1850. godine Croatian as the official language was adopted iz Banskih dvora, a iz Beča je ban Jelačić uz- following an inspired address by Kukuljević, vratio: „S radostju sam primio vašu viest.“ also known as the first speech held before the Odsjedali su u Banskim dvorima kraljevi, Parliament in the Croatian language. bio je tu Kraljevski zemaljski arhiv, uredi Kra- The first telegraph wire in Croatia, but ljevine i Zemaljski sudbeni stol. Od sredine also in the south-eastern part of Europe, was 20. stoljeća služili su kao rezidencijalni objekt, installed at the Banski dvori. The message “Tel- a nakon prvih demokratskih izbora u tim je egraph is in order” was telegraphed by Morse prostorima bio smješten Ured predsjednika code from the Banski dvori in September 1850, Republike dr. Franje Tuđmana. Hrvatsko je followed by Ban Jelačić’s reply from Vienna: “It državno vodstvo u Banskim dvorima dono- is with great joy that I receive your news.” silo ključne političke odluke koje su prethodile The Banski dvori was a place where kings osamostaljenju Republike Hrvatske, a isto resided, but it also housed the Royal State tako, u početnoj fazi Domovinskog rata, i stra- Archives, the Kingdom’s offices and the State teške odluke vojne naravi o kojima je ovisio judiciary. From the middle of the 20th century opstanak Republike Hrvatske i hrvatskoga na- it had a residential purpose and following the roda u cjelini. U sklopu svojih državničkih ak- first democratic elections the Dvori housed the tivnosti, predsjednik Tuđman vodio je u Ban- Office of the President of the Republic, Franjo skim dvorima i brojne razgovore s inozemnim Tuđman. In the Banski dvori the Croatian na- dužnosnicima i državnicima, nastojeći ih pri- tional leadership brought essential political voljeti na pomoć u zaustavljanju velikosrpske decisions that preceded the independence of agresije te osigurati međunarodno priznanje the Republic of Croatia and, at the same time, mlade hrvatske države. in the early phase of the Homeland War, stra- tegic decisions of a military nature, on which Tako je bilo sve do 7. listopada 1991. go- the survival of the Republic of Croatia and the dine, kada je agresorski borbeni avion tzv. JNA, Croatian nation as a whole depended. As part samo dan uoči isteka tromjesečnog morato- of his state activities, President Tuđman also rija na proglašenje hrvatske samostalnosti, u held in the Banski dvori numerous conversa- pokušaju atentata na prvoga hrvatskog pred- tions with foreign officials and statesmen, stri- sjednika i hrvatske dužnosnike bivše države ving to persuade them to help stop the Greater razorio Banske dvore. Dvorana Ban Jelačić je ta- Serbian aggression and to ensure international kođer stradala, a nakon obnove koja je trajala recognition of the young Croatian state. gotovo tri godine u Banske dvore dolazi Vlada Republike Hrvatske. Unatoč stradanju, ratu i The building served this purpose until 7th bremenitim poratnim godinama, iz Dvorane October 1991, when the aggressor combat air- 11 Ban Jelačić koordiniralo se složenim i osjet- craft of the so-called Yugoslav People’s Army, ljivim procesom zbrinjavanja i povratka pro- merely a day before the expiry of the three- gnanika i izbjeglica te brigom za stradalnike month moratorium on the proclamation of velikosrpske agresije.
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