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Radical Left in Europe 2017 Radical Left in Europe 2017 Documentation of contributions about the radical Left in Europe in addition of the Work- shop of Transform and Rosa Luxemburg Foundation July 7- 9 2016 Cornelia Hildebrandt/Luci Wagner 30.07.2017 DOCUMENTATION: RADIKAL LEFT IN EUROPE AND BERLIN SEMINAR 2016 2 Content Preface ..................................................................................................................................................... 3 Hildebrandt, Cornelia and Baier, Walter ............................................................................................... 10 Radical Left Transnational Organisation Brie, Michael and Candeias, Mario........................................................................................................ 29 The Return of Hope. For an offensive double strategy Dellheim, Judith ..................................................................................................................................... 42 On scenarios of EU development Jokisch, René ......................................................................................................................................... 54 Reconstruction of the EU legislation and Institutions with consequences for the Left Cabanes, de Antoine ............................................................................................................................. 57 The metamorphosis of the Front National Lichtenberger, Hanna ............................................................................................................................ 67 The Decline of the Social Democrats and the Rise of the political Right in Austria Caccia, Beppe ........................................................................................................................................ 73 THE “THREE ITALIAN POPULISMS” (AND A MISSING PEOPLE) * Malek, Jiri .............................................................................................................................................. 78 The European reality, East-West, The role of the Left Freire, André .......................................................................................................................................... 82 The fall of the Berlin Wall 26 years later: the state of the left in Portugal, 2015-2016 Katrivanou, Vasiliki .............................................................................................................................. 110 It is a reception crisis and not a refugee crisis. Thoughts for the intervention of the Left Mauzé, Gregory ................................................................................................................................... 115 Radical left and Refugee Crisis Bouma, Amieke ................................................................................................................................... 119 The Socialist Party (SP) in the Netherlands Morea, Roberto ................................................................................................................................... 130 Analysis of the Italian referendum vote Kolač, Nika ........................................................................................................................................... 133 The Fight for Equality – The First Trial for the United Left Jochen Weichold ................................................................................................................................. 138 Die europäische Integration, der Euro und die (radikale) Linke (in deutsch) DOCUMENTATION: RADIKAL LEFT IN EUROPE AND BERLIN SEMINAR 2016 3 Preface "State of Affairs in Europe" – this was the title of the "Berliner Seminar" organized by the European left foundation Transform! European Network for Alternative Thinking and Political Dialogue (Transform!) and the Rosa Luxemburg Foundation (RLS) from 7 to 9 July 2016. The seminar brought together nearly 50 scholars and political actors from 14 European countries to discuss common perspectives and opportunities for action by the left in Europe. The workshop took place at a time of far-reaching changes in Europe. The blackmailing of the SYRIZA-government in the Troika negotiations resulted in further reductions of pensions and social benefits in Greece that in turn led to mass demonstrations against these measures, as well as against the implementation of privatization programs and the continuation of neoliberal politics in general. Second, we saw the alarmingly high election results for extreme right parties in many countries, but also the formation of a left government in Portugal, and the crumbling of the two-party-system in Spain due to the rise of Podemos. Third, the crisis of European integration manifested itself in the results of the British referendum on EU membership. These developments had already been topic to a large number of seminars and debates; they triggered the foundation and conferences of DiEM25, the conference "Building Alliances to Fight Austerity and to Reclaim Democracy" in Athens, the Plan-B conferences, and an RLS Strategy Conference. It was not our aim to just add another seminar to the long list of events that had accrued by mid-2016; instead, we intended to draw preliminary conclusions from these debates, in view of the then upcoming 2016 congress of the European Left (EL). With this goal in mind, the Berliner Seminar concentrated on three thematic fields: (1) the current functioning of the European Union; (2) the state of political movements; and (3) the state of left politics. In light of the severe and multi-faceted crisis of the European Union, the seminar aimed at analyzing the interplay between the various contradicting and polarizing tendencies. On the one hand, the conference identified strong EU efforts to streamline the technocratic governance of its institutions, and to strengthen its interaction with the member states, especially in relation to the Economic and Monetary Union (Five Presidents Report [2015], Restructuring of the European Commission in accordance with the "Better Regulation" reform package). On the other hand, in various EU member states we observe an increasing alienation from the integration process, and a growing Euroscepticism that benefitted the nationalist agendas of right-wing populist parties. This political polarization occurs asymmetrically. Especially in the south of Europe, parties of the radical left achieved successes in national elections and thereby challenged the regime of austerity, while in northern, central and eastern Europe, right-wing parties are gaining ground. Growing nationalism across the European Union is now also affecting the political agenda of traditional pro-European forces – which poses a specific challenge for the political action of the left. In addition to studies presented at the Berlin Seminar, the present volume also contains more recent papers on strategy development. The contributions were updated in the summer of 2017. Cornelia Hildebrandt (Berlin) and Walter Baier (Vienna) deal with the dilemmas of the European radical left forces in the face of recent European developments. They tracked the ups and downs in the development of radical left parties in Europe since the 1990s – DOCUMENTATION: RADIKAL LEFT IN EUROPE AND BERLIN SEMINAR 2016 4 including successful opposition work and mostly failed government participation. According to the authors, the contemporary radical left is confronted with political, ideological and cultural cleavages, including: (1) anti-neoliberal coherence versus center-left unity; (2) anti- neoliberalism versus anti-capitalism; and (3) old traditions versus new realities. As a result, the present-day situation of the European left carries many challenges and risks. In an age of deep ruptures, there is a need for fundamental social alternatives that must be accompanied by political strategies for their implementation. Only if the radical left of Europe succeeds in mastering these challenges it can become an influential force in future developments. If the left fails, it might be drawn into the quagmire of political crisis that seized the European political system as a whole. Michael Brie and Mario Candeias (both Berlin) advocate an assertive dual strategy that aims at influencing state politics from the left while at the same time pushing forward the radical transformation of society. Given the present balance of political forces in Germany, the authors argue that there is no opportunity to form a decidedly left-wing government that would fundamentally change the direction of the economy and social policy, lead the transition to a different kind of production, and advocate a radical change in the political approach of the EU. This means, according to Brie and Candeias, that for DIE LINKE the question of participating in a federal government coalition is currently not on the agenda. Instead, the party should continue to struggle for political change through organizing opposition in society and in parliament; possible is also the toleration of a minority government of the SPD and the Greens (Grünen). Judith Delheim (Berlin) investigates different scenarios of development for the European Union. For the coming five to fifteen years, six scenarios appear possible: (1) a catastrophe leading to the end of the EU; (2) a "weakening" of the EU that will turn the union into a kind of European Free Trade Association (EFTA); (3) a decline of the EU through the loss of more members and/or a growing conflict between
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