DOCSLIB.ORG

Methods for Analysis of Organic Substances in Water

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Methods for Analysis of Organic Substances in Water Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations of the United States Geological Survey Chapter A3 METHODS FOR ANALYSIS OF ORGANIC SUBSTANCES IN WATER By Donald F. Goerlitz and Eugene Brown Book 5 LABORATORY ANALYSIS DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR WILLIAM P. CLARK, Secretary U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Dallas L. Peck, Director First printing 1972 Second printing 1972 Third printing 1984 UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1984 For sale by the Distribution Branch, U.S. Geological Survey 604 South Pickert Street, Alexandria, VA 22304 PREFACE The series of manuals on techniques describes procedures for planning and executing specialized work in water-resources investigations. The material is grouped under major subject headings called books and further subdivided into sections and chapters. The unit of publication, the chapter, is limited to a narrow field of subject matter. This format permits flexibility in revision and publication as the need arises. Section A of Book 5 presents techniques used in water analysis. Provisional drafts of chapters are distributed to field offices of the U.S. Geological Survey for their use. These drafts are subject to revision because of experience in use or because of advancement in knowledge, techniques, or equipment. After the technique described in a chapter is sufficiently developed, the chapter is published and is for sale by the U.S. Geological Survey, 604 South Pickett Street, Alexandria, VA 22304. in CONTENTS Page Page Preface..,-.-----..- - ______________________ III Part II, Ar Abstract. ____________________________________ 1 NitrogNitrogen, nitrate—Continued 1 RReferences. __ _ __________ 17 Nitrog 17 Part I, Sampling- __ ____________ _____________ 2 DDiazotization method- 17 Sample preservation _,____.___ ___.___.__._ 3 RReferences. __________ 18 References- __________-._______,-_-___--_-- 4 Nitrog 18 4 KKjeldahl method _ 18 Carbon, all forms. ____-________---____.____ 4 Reference- ______ 20 References..-,. __._ _________________ 6 OxygeOxygen demand, chemical (COD). 20 Chlorophylls- .__-__ __._„____,_____._____ 6 Dichromate oxidation method- 20 Extractive spectrophotometric method. __ 6 HReferences-, ________________ 22 References. ______..„__________________ 8 Phenc 22 Color. ___---_-_._____. __---__-_-_-__-__. 8 EReferences. 24 Comparison method _ _ _ _ _ ______ ______ 8 Pesticides—gasPestic chromatographic analysis. 24 9 References.Ii -__.____.__.________.___ 29 Extractable organic matter. _.-_._-__-____„_ 9 Insecl 30 Oils and waxes. ______ _________________ 9 CGas chromatographic method ___________ 30 References _, _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.„_„____ _ .. _ 11 References.I _ __________________________ 32 Methylene blue active substances- ___________ 11 ChlorChlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides in sus­ Synthetic anionic detergents ____________ 11 penpended sediment and bottom material _____ 33 13 CGas chromatographic method ___________ 33 Nitrogen, ammonia. __________ ____________ 13 Distillation method. __________________ 13 ChlorChlorinated phenoxy acid herbicides in water. 35 References. _ . - ______________________ 15 (Gas chromatographic method ___________ 35 IReference _____________________________ 39 Nitrogen, nitrate, _______ __-___.___,___.,- 15 Brucine method. ________ _ _ __________ 15 ChloiChlorinated phenoxy acid herbicides in sedi­ Reduction method. _ _ _ ________________ 17 mement (tentative) ________________________ 39 (Gas chromatographic method ___________ 39 TABLES Page 1. Retention values for chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides,.________________ 25 2. Retention values for phosphorothioate insecticides.________________________ 26 3. Retention values for methyl esters of chlorinated phenoxy acid herbicides. 26 4. Insecticides in water: recovery of compounds added to surface-water samples. 32 METHODS FOR ANALYSIS OF ORGANIC SUBSTANCES IN WATER By Donald F. Goerlirz and Eugene Brown Abstract Because of the myriad of sources from both This manual contains methods used by the U.S. Geo­ pollution and natural processes, organic matter logical Survey for the determination of organic substances is present in almost all surface and ground waters in water. Procedures are included for the following cate­ and directly influences the water quality. gories of organic substances: Organic carbon, chlorophylls, In reviewing water-quality reports, one may color, detergents, nitrogen, oils and waxes, oxygen demand observe that although color, oxygen consumed (chemical), phenolic materials, herbicides, and insecti­ cides. Procedures are also given for the determination of (chemical oxygen demand), and other criteria for chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides, as well as chlorinated the analysis of organic substances are described phenoxy acid herbicides, in sediment and bottom materials. in the introductory remarks, seldom are such data included in the tables of the report. These data Introduction are noticeably absent from past reports because such crude measurements did not appear to serve The yellow or brown color commonly associated any meaningful purpose in explaining most water with natural water is often the result of the de­ processes. The value of even the most primitive composition of naturally occurring organic matter. measurements of organic substances in water is The most abundant sources of this material in­ apparent, considering the general awareness of clude decaying vegetation, algae, and microscopic man's effect on the environment and the imple­ organisms. These substances are produced mostly mentation of programs to stem the tide of water on land and during runoff are flushed into the pollution, lake eutrophication, and similar prob­ water, where complex biological processes con­ lems. tinue. The role of natural organic substances in The purpose of this manual is to provide direc­ water processes is not very well understood. tions for collection and analysis of water samples These compounds are known to aid in transport­ containing organic substances as required by the ing and solubilizing many trace elements and are Geological Survey in making water-quality in­ important in weathering. Further, natural or­ vestigations. This manual is an updating and ganic substances interact with both organic and compositing of the organic analytical methods inorganic pollutants. contained in Geological Survey Water-Supply In addition to organic matter from natural Paper 1454, "Methods for Collection and Analysis sources, increasing amounts are entering water of Water Samples" (Rainwater and Thatcher, as a direct and (or) indirect result of man's 1960). The intense activity in the field of organic activities. Leading sources of this material are analysis is providing new and improved methods, industrial and domestic waste, agriculture, urban and as appropriate methods become available runoff, mining, and watercraft. Foaming deter­ they will be added to this manual. All methods as gents have been observed in water supplies. Fish written may be subjected to revision from time kills have been caused by toxic chemicals and to time. Methods labeled as tentative are as­ have been linked to nutrient-induced algae sumed to be adequate but need further testing blooms, which deplete the dissolved oxygen. before final acceptance. TECHNIQUES OF WATER-RESOURCES INVESTIGATIONS Part I. Sampling Organic substances on the water surface or incorporated in the bed material present very Refer to Part I, Chapter Al of Book 5, for difficult sampling problems. Surface films may information on site selection, frequency, field appear chronically or intermittently and most safety, and first aid. Before a proper sampling often come from accidental spills or seepage. program can be initiated, the nature of the Samples taken from the surface of a body of organic compounds sought must be considered. water, especially moving water, are almost im­ As a general rule, organic compounds having less possible to evaluate. Quite often the samples than six carbon atoms are water soluble, whereas must be related to the total volume of water, compounds with more than six carbons are not. surface area, film area, and film thickness. At This generalization must be applied with care, present, no universally acceptable surface sam­ however, because the presence of hydroxyl or plers are available, and investigators are required other polar sites on a molecule increases its to fabricate their own. Floating hoops or rec­ solubility. Even very soluble compounds, how­ tangles covered with clean metal foil which ever, may prefer to reside on organic-layered delineate an area and allow skimming a surface sediment. Further, some insoluble compounds sample from calm water have been used with may be suspended on the water surface. In sum­ limited success. Other methods for collecting mary, organic matter in a body of water may be films and slicks from surface waters, such as distributed on the surface, in suspension, ad­ "dustpan skimmers," absorbent cloths, and floor sorbed on suspended sediment, in bed materials, mops, have been used, but none have been and (or) in solution. satisfactory for general application. The method Because of this wide and generally unpre­ most often used for describing a problem area dictable distribution of organic material in a when surface films are involved is identification body of water, the collection of a truly repre­ of the material, locating the source, and then sentative sample requires a great deal of care estimating the amount entering the water. and often requires the use of specialized sampling
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Extraction of Water Samples by Separatory Funnel 1. Scope And
    Alpha Analytical, Inc. ID No.:2165 Facility: Mansfield Revision 8 Department: Organic Extractions Published Date:8/9/2013 10:58:53 AM Title: Extraction of Water Samples by Separatory Funnel 3510 Page 1 of 11 Extraction of Water Samples by Separatory Funnel References: EPA 3510C, SW-846, Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste: Physical/Chemical Methods, EPA SW-846, Update III, 1997. Method 8081B , Reference: SW-846, Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste: Physical/Chemical Methods, EPA SW-846, Update IV, February 2007. Method 8082A , Reference: SW-846, Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste: Physical/Chemical Methods, EPA SW-846, Update IV, February 2007. Method 8270D , Reference: SW-846, Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste: Physical/Chemical Methods, EPA SW-846, Update IV, February 2007 1. Scope and Application Matrices: This method is applicable to aqueous samples. Definitions: Refer to Alpha Analytical Quality Manual. This method describes the procedure for extracting water-insoluble and lightly water-soluble organic compounds from aqueous samples. The method also describes concentration techniques suitable for preparing the extract for the various determinative methods listed in Table 1. The data report packages present the documentation of any method modification related to the samples tested. Depending upon the nature of the modification and the extent of intended use, the laboratory may be required to demonstrate that the modifications will produce equivalent results for the matrix. Approval of all method modifications is by one or more of the following laboratory personnel before performing the modification: Area Supervisor, Department Supervisor, Laboratory Director, or Quality Assurance Officer. This method is restricted to use by or under the supervision of trained analysts.
    [Show full text]
  • The Effects of Detritus Input on Soil Organic Matter Content and Carbon Dioxide Emission in a Central European Deciduous Forest
    Acta Silv. Lign. Hung., Vol. 7 (2011) 87–96 The Effects of Detritus Input on Soil Organic Matter Content and Carbon Dioxide Emission in a Central European Deciduous Forest a* b c István FEKETE – Zsolt KOTROCZÓ – Csaba VARGA – b b Zsuzsa VERES – János Attila TÓTH a Institute of Environmental Science, College of Nyíregyháza, Nyíregyháza, Hungary b Department of Ecology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary c Department of Land and Environmental Management, College of Nyíregyháza, Nyíregyháza, Hungary Abstract – A major objective of our research was to survey soil biological activity and organic matter content reduction in a Central European oak forest during treatments of various detritus inputs within the Síkf őkút DIRT ( Detritus Input and Removal Treatments ) Project. Beside the control, three detritus removal and two detritus duplication treatments were applied. Our examinations have proven that soil organic matter content declined relatively fast in detritus removal treatments. The reduction was especially remarkable in root detritus removal treatments, where – due to the lack of transpiration – soils were moister during the whole year than in the other treatments. The higher moisture content, despite of the reduction of detritus input, produced an intense soil respiration. This can be explained by the fact that decomposing organisms have increased the use of soil organic matter. Detritus input reduction had a significantly greater effect on soil respiration and organic matter content than detritus input duplication of the same extent. The latter did not cause any significant change compared to the control. litter manipulation / soil respiration / DIRT Project / humus content / climate change Kivonat – Az avarinput hatása a talaj szerves anyag tartalmára és szén-dioxid kibocsátására egy Közép-európai lombhullató erd őben.
    [Show full text]
  • Seeing Microbes from Space Remote Sensing Is Now a Critical Resource for Tracking Marine Microbial Ecosystem Dynamics and Their Impact on Global Biogeochemical Cycles
    Seeing Microbes from Space Remote sensing is now a critical resource for tracking marine microbial ecosystem dynamics and their impact on global biogeochemical cycles Douglas G. Capone and Ajit Subramaniam icrobiologists studying aquatic oceans or other large bodies of water to mean environments are benefiting that they are clean, whereas the brown color of from their use of remote sensing rivers and streams mean they are carrying sus- M technologies. With access to data pended mud or other materials. gathered by remote sensors on This instinctive knowledge forms the basis of aircraft and satellites, microbiologists now can ocean color science. Sunlight that enters the analyze microbial population dynamics with ocean can either be absorbed or scattered back greater breadth and a novel perspective. (Fig. 1). Pure water absorbs most red light but Remote sensing instruments exploit electro- strongly scatters most blue light. Thus, open magnetic radiation to study surface processes on ocean waters with very little material in them earth. Passive sensors use reflected sunlight or appear deep blue, while waters carrying dis- heat being emitted by objects along the earth’s solved organic materials that absorb blue light surface, while active sensors transmit laser or strongly appear brown. Chlorophyll-containing microwaves that are then reflected back to and microalgal assemblages—phytoplankton—ab- recorded by the sensor. Many orbiting satellites sorb both blue and red light, making phyto- currently map ocean properties such as color, plankton-containing waters look green. In addi- surface temperature, height, wind velocities, tion, chlorophyll emits a small fraction of the roughness of the ocean surface, and wave absorbed light at a longer wavelength as red height.
    [Show full text]
  • Fractionation and Characterization of Natural Organic Matter from Certain Rivers and Soils by Free-Flow Electrophoresis
    Fractionation and Characterization of Natural Organic Matter from Certain Rivers and Soils by Free-Flow Electrophoresis GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 1817-E Fractionation and Characterzation of Natural Organic Matter from Certain Rivers and Soils by Free-Flow Electrophoresis By J. A. LEENHEER and R. L. MALCOLM ORGANIC SUBSTANCES IN WATER GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 1817-E UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1973 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR ROGERS C. B. MORTON, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY V. E. McKelvey, Director Library of Congress catalog-card No. 73-600209 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office Washington, D. C. 20402 - Price 35 cents (paper cov«?r) Stock No. 2401-02400 CONTENTS Page Abstract ___________________________________________ El Introduction __________________________________ __ 1 Methods and materials __________________________________ 3 Sample preparation ______ _______ _ __ 3 Sample description _________________________________ 3 Separation procedure _______ ___________ __ 4 Assay of fractions ___________________________________ 4 Results and discussion _ _______________ 5 Conclusions ________________________________________ 12 References _____________________________________ __ 14 ILLUSTRATIONS Page FIGURES 1-3. Graphs showing: 1. Organic-carbon and optical-density electrophoretic fraction- ation curves for organic materials from soil and from river water ___________________________ E6 2. Organic-carbon and polysaccharide electrophoretic
    [Show full text]
  • Determining the Fraction of Organic Carbon RISC Nondefault Option
    Indiana Department of Environmental Management Office of Land Quality 100 N. Senate Indianapolis, IN 46204-2251 GUIDANCE OLQ PH: (317) 232-8941 Indiana Department of Environmental Management Office of Land Quality Determining the Fraction of Organic Carbon RISC Nondefault Option Background Soil can be a complex mixture of mineral-derived compounds and organic matter. The ratios of each component can vary widely depending on the type of soil being investigated. Soil organic matter is a term used by agronomists for the total organic portion of the soil and is derived from decomposed plant matter, microorganisms, and animal residues. The decomposition process can create complex high molecular weight biopolymers (e.g., humic acid) as well as simpler organic compounds (decomposed lignin or cellulose). Only the simpler organic compounds contribute to the fraction of organic carbon. There is not a rigorous definition of the fraction of organic carbon (Foc). However, it can be thought of as the portion of the organic matter that is available to adsorb the organic contaminants of concern. The higher the organic carbon content, the more organic chemicals may be adsorbed to the soil and the less of those chemicals will be available to leach to the ground water. A nondefault option in the Risk Integrated System of Closure (RISC) is to use Foc in the Soil to Ground Water Partitioning Model to calculate a site specific migration to ground water closure level. In the Soil to Ground Water Partition Model, the coefficient, Kd, for organic compounds is the Foc multiplied by the chemical-specific soil organic carbon water partition coefficient, Koc.
    [Show full text]
  • Progress and Challenges in Using Stable Isotopes to Trace Plant Carbon and Water Relations Across Scales
    Biogeosciences, 9, 3083–3111, 2012 www.biogeosciences.net/9/3083/2012/ Biogeosciences doi:10.5194/bg-9-3083-2012 © Author(s) 2012. CC Attribution 3.0 License. Progress and challenges in using stable isotopes to trace plant carbon and water relations across scales C. Werner1,19, H. Schnyder2, M. Cuntz3, C. Keitel4, M. J. Zeeman5, T. E. Dawson6, F.-W. Badeck7, E. Brugnoli8, J. Ghashghaie9, T. E. E. Grams10, Z. E. Kayler11, M. Lakatos12, X. Lee13, C. Maguas´ 14, J. Ogee´ 15, K. G. Rascher1, R. T. W. Siegwolf16, S. Unger1, J. Welker17, L. Wingate18, and A. Gessler11 1Experimental and Systems Ecology, University Bielefeld, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany 2Lehrstuhl fur¨ Grunlandlehre,¨ Technische Universitat¨ Munchen,¨ 85350 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany 3UFZ – Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany 4University of Sydney, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources, 1 Central Avenue, Eveleigh, NSW 2015, Australia 5College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, 104 COAS Admin Bldg, Corvallis (OR), USA 6Center for Isotope Biogeochemistry, Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA 7Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK) PF 60 12 03, 14412 Potsdam, Germany 8CNR – National Research Council of Italy – Institute of Agro-environmental and Forest Biology, via Marconi 2, 05010 Porano (TR), Italy 9Laboratoire d’Ecologie, Systematique´ et Evolution (ESE), CNRS AgroParisTech – UMR8079, Batimentˆ 362, Universite´ de Paris-Sud (XI), 91405 Orsay Cedex, France 10Ecophysiology of Plants, Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, Technische Universitat¨ Munchen,¨ Von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, 85354 Freising, Germany 11Institute for Landscape Biogeochemistry Leibniz-Zentrum fur¨ Agrarlandschaftsforschung (ZALF) e.V., Eberswalderstr.
    [Show full text]
  • Is Extraterrestrial Organic Matter Relevant to the Origin of Life on Earth?
    IS EXTRATERRESTRIAL ORGANIC MATTER RELEVANT TO THE ORIGIN OF LIFE ON EARTH? D. C. B. WHITTET Department of Physics, Applied Physics and Astronomy, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, U.S.A. (Received 19 August 1996) Abstract. I review the relative importance of internal and external sources of prebiotic molecules on Earth at the time of life's origin 3.7 Gyr ago. The ef®ciency of synthesis in the Earth's atmosphere was critically dependent on its oxidation state. If the early atmosphere was non-reducing and CO2- dominated, external delivery might have been the dominant source. Interplanetary dust grains and micrometeorites currently deliver carbonaceous matter to the Earth's surface at a rate of 3 5 7 10 kg/yr (equivalent to a biomass in 2 Gyr), but this may have been as high as 5 10 kg/yr (a biomass in only 10 Myr) during the epoch of late bombardment. Much of the incoming material is in the form of chemically inactive kerogens and amorphous carbon; but if the Earth once had a dense (10-bar) atmosphere, small comets rich in a variety of prebiotic molecules may have been suf®ciently air-braked to land non-destructively. Lingering uncertainties regarding the impact history of the Earth and the density and composition of its early atmosphere limit our ability to draw ®rm conclusions. 1. Introduction In at least one sense, a connection between the Universe at large and life in our small corner of it is inevitable. The hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and other elements that make up our bodies and other living things were created billions of years ago in the interiors of stars and, in the case of hydrogen, in the the Big Bang itself (see Trimble, 1997, in this volume for an eloquent review).
    [Show full text]
  • The Nature and Dynamics of Soil Organic Matter: Plant Inputs, Microbial Transformations, and Organic Matter Stabilization
    Soil Biology & Biochemistry 98 (2016) 109e126 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Soil Biology & Biochemistry journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/soilbio Review paper The nature and dynamics of soil organic matter: Plant inputs, microbial transformations, and organic matter stabilization Eldor A. Paul Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory and Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1499, USA article info abstract Article history: This review covers historical perspectives, the role of plant inputs, and the nature and dynamics of soil Received 19 November 2015 organic matter (SOM), often known as humus. Information on turnover of organic matter components, Received in revised form the role of microbial products, and modeling of SOM, and tracer research should help us to anticipate 31 March 2016 what future research may answer today's challenges. Our globe's most important natural resource is best Accepted 1 April 2016 studied relative to its chemistry, dynamics, matrix interactions, and microbial transformations. Humus has similar, worldwide characteristics, but varies with abiotic controls, soil type, vegetation inputs and composition, and the soil biota. It contains carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, phenol-aromatics, protein- Keywords: Soil organic matter derived and cyclic nitrogenous compounds, and some still unknown compounds. Protection of trans- 13C formed plant residues and microbial products occurs through spatial inaccessibility-resource availability, 14C aggregation of mineral and organic constituents, and interactions with sesquioxides, cations, silts, and Plant residue decomposition clays. Tracers that became available in the mid-20th century made the study of SOM dynamics possible. Soil carbon dynamics Carbon dating identified resistant, often mineral-associated, materials to be thousands of years old, 13 Humus especially at depth in the profile.
    [Show full text]
  • Teacher Training Workshop for Educators of Students Who Are Blind Or Low Vision
    Supalo et al.: Teacher Training Workshop for Educators of Students Who Are Blind or Low Vision Vol. 13, No. 1- Spring, 2009 Journal of Science Education for Students with Disabilities Teacher Training Workshop for Educators of Students Who Are ● , Danielle Dwyer, Heather, L. Eberhart, Blind or Low Vision Natasha Bunnag, Thomas E. Mallouk Cary A. Supalo, Danielle Dwyer, Heather L. Eberhart, Natasha Bunnag, and Thomas E. Mallouk Abstract: The Independent Laboratory Access for the Blind (ILAB) project has developed a suite of speech accessible tools for students who are blind or low vision to use in secondary and post- secondary science laboratory classes. The following are illustrations of experiments designed to be used by educators to introduce them to the ILAB tools, and to demonstrate how these tools can be incorporated into standard laboratory experiments. Information about the Lawrence Hall of Science’s SAVI/SELPH curriculum is also discussed. INTRODUCTION A 1993 study found that over 2/3 of graduates from the schools for the blind were unem- Residential schools for the blind have pro- ployed and a significant percentage received vided educational services to students who uncompetitive wages (6). In addition, only are blind or low vision (BLV) for well over 2.7% of the workforce in the science, technol- 100 years (1). In 1975, the passage of public ogy, engineering, and mathematics professions law 94-142 (Education of All Handicapped are physically disabled, and, of this percent- Children Act, later renamed the Individuals age, only a small number are blind (2). Provid- with Disabilities Education Act) started the ing blind and visually impaired students with trend for students who are blind to enter the the opportunity to work in a science labora- mainstream classroom (2).
    [Show full text]
  • Programma Dal 22 Al 25 Giugno 2017
    IL CORPO UMANO È COMPOSTO AL 70% DA ACQUA IL RESTO È CINEMA AQUA FILM FESTIVAL FILM FILM FILM FESTIVAL FESTIVAL FESTIVAL PROGRAMMA DAL 22 AL 25 GIUGNO 2017 www.aquafilmfestival.org [email protected] aquafilmfestival GIOVEDÌ 22 GIUGNO ORE 15.00 - Spiaggia “LA BIODOLA” - LEZIONE GRATUITA DI GINNASTICA IN ACQUA tenuta dalla Direttrice Artistica Eleonora Vallone, anche Master Trainer all’AQUANIENE e pioniera dell’AcquaGym in Italia, con l’istruttrice dell’Isola d’Elba Silvia Meiattini. CINEMA NELLO SANTI SALA GRANDE ORE 21.30 - ANTEPRIMA DEL FESTIVAL - OMAGGIO ALL’ISOLA D’ELBA Con gli alunni della Scuola Primaria “San Rocco” (Portoferraio) per il progetto “Mi impegno col mare” e “Come eravamo”. Realizzato grazie all’Insegnante Susanna Lemmi e al sostegno del Sindaco Mario Ferrari per le immagini di repertorio storiche. Montaggio di Angelo Del Mastro, testi di Senio Bonini e Michele Baldi. A SEGUIRE - Proiezione del film FUORI CONCORSO “IL BACIO AZZURRO” di P. Tordiglione (IT , 2015) - V.O. - 85 min. Alla presenza dell’attore Sebastiano Somma e dell’attrice Morgana Forcella. VENERDÌ 23 GIUGNO CINEMA NELLO SANTI SALA GRANDE ORE 10.00 - DESK ACCREDITI Distribuzione accrediti giornalisti ed accreditati sul sito di AquaFilmFestival. A SEGUIRE - Coffee Breck offerto da Caffè Corsini. ORE 11.00 - APERTURA FESTIVAL La Direttrice Artistica Eleonora Vallone presenta lo STAFF di AQUAFILMFESTIVAL e la Giuria di AFF composta da: Antonietta De Lillo (marechiarofilm),Simonetta Grechi (Legambiente), Enrico Magrelli (giornalista e critico cinematografico),Filippo Scicchitano (attore), Sara Serraiocco (attrice), Sebastiano Somma (attore) e Cinzia Th. Torrini (regista e scrittrice), alla presenza delle istituzioni di Portoferraio e dei rappresentanti di: Acqua dell’Elba, Visit Elba, Società Albergatori Isola d’Elba e Blue Navy.
    [Show full text]
  • Unit 2.3, Soil Biology and Ecology
    2.3 Soil Biology and Ecology Introduction 85 Lecture 1: Soil Biology and Ecology 87 Demonstration 1: Organic Matter Decomposition in Litter Bags Instructor’s Demonstration Outline 101 Step-by-Step Instructions for Students 103 Demonstration 2: Soil Respiration Instructor’s Demonstration Outline 105 Step-by-Step Instructions for Students 107 Demonstration 3: Assessing Earthworm Populations as Indicators of Soil Quality Instructor’s Demonstration Outline 111 Step-by-Step Instructions for Students 113 Demonstration 4: Soil Arthropods Instructor’s Demonstration Outline 115 Assessment Questions and Key 117 Resources 119 Appendices 1. Major Organic Components of Typical Decomposer 121 Food Sources 2. Litter Bag Data Sheet 122 3. Litter Bag Data Sheet Example 123 4. Soil Respiration Data Sheet 124 5. Earthworm Data Sheet 125 6. Arthropod Data Sheet 126 Part 2 – 84 | Unit 2.3 Soil Biology & Ecology Introduction: Soil Biology & Ecology UNIT OVERVIEW MODES OF INSTRUCTION This unit introduces students to the > LECTURE (1 LECTURE, 1.5 HOURS) biological properties and ecosystem The lecture covers the basic biology and ecosystem pro- processes of agricultural soils. cesses of soils, focusing on ways to improve soil quality for organic farming and gardening systems. The lecture reviews the constituents of soils > DEMONSTRATION 1: ORGANIC MATTER DECOMPOSITION and the physical characteristics and soil (1.5 HOURS) ecosystem processes that can be managed to In Demonstration 1, students will learn how to assess the improve soil quality. Demonstrations and capacity of different soils to decompose organic matter. exercises introduce students to techniques Discussion questions ask students to reflect on what envi- used to assess the biological properties of ronmental and management factors might have influenced soils.
    [Show full text]
  • Extraction Read 5.1 & 2.18 & 2.21 in Your Lab Text. Extraction Is A
    Extraction Read 5.1 & 2.18 & 2.21 in your lab text. Extraction is a separation technique based on differences in solubilities of substances in two immiscible solvents (usually water and a water insoluble organic solvent). solubility in solvent 1 Kc = partition coefficient = ------------------------ solubility in solvent 2 example: Given compound A, K (ether:water) = 4.0, how much of A can be extracted from a solution of 10.0 g of A in 100 mL of water with a single portion of 100 mL of ether? X / 100 mL ether Kc = 4.0 = ------------------------------- (10.0 - X) / 100 mL water X = 8.0 grams of A extracted into the ether -same as above, but extract two times with 50 mL of ether each time. X / 50 mL ether first extraction: Kc = 4.0 = ------------------------- (10.0 - X) / 100 mL water X = 6.67 grams of A extracted Y / 50 mL ether second extraction: Kc = 4 0 = ----------------------------- (3.33 - Y) / 100 mL water Y = 2.22 grams of A extracted total extracted = X + Y = 6.67 + 2.22 = 8.89 grams ==> multiple extractions with smaller amounts of solvent are more efficient than a single extraction with the same total amount of solvent. DRYING: an organic liquid that has been in contact with water is "wet" (contains some water). To "dry" it, use an inorganic drying agent. See Table 2.1 in your lab text. EXTRACTION AND WASHING The processes of extraction and washing are mechanically the same. Extraction refers to the recovery of a desired substance from a complex mixture, while washing denotes the removal of unwanted material.
    [Show full text]