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Minnesota's Native Big Tree Registry

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Minnesota's Native Big Tree Registry Sizing Up a Minnesota Tree Trees submitted as nominees for the Big Tree Registry How High Minnesota’s Native must be measured with circumference in inches, and Height is the hardest measurement to obtain. The most height and crown spread to the nearest foot. Follow these reliable method uses a hand level or hypsometer. If these guidelines for measuring: instruments are unavailable, use a ruler. Take a 12-inch ruler and mark the 1-inch and 10-inch lines on the ruler with tape. Work in pairs. One person Around the Middle stands at the base of the tree. The other holds the ruler up Measure, to the nearest in front of his or her own eyes at arm length and moves inch, the distance around the back until he or she can see the whole tree from top to 1 2 tree at a point 4 ⁄ feet up bottom between the 0-inch and the 10-inch mark on the from the ground to get the ruler. He or she then moves the ruler until the base of the BIG Tree circumference. A flexible tape tree is exactly at 0 inches and the top of the tree is sighted PROGRAM INFORMATION & measure is a good tool to use. exactly at 10 inches. Then he or she sights out from the 1-inch mark to a point on the trunk above the APPLICATION FORM base. The partner marks this spot on the trunk Registry 12 with tape. 11 Measure the distance 10 HERE’S HOW TO FIND 9 from the base of 8 THE CIRCUMFERENCE OF 7 the tree to the 6 HARD-TO-MEASURE TREES: 5 1-inch mark (X). 4 Multiply by 3 1. When a tree has deep 2 10 to get an 1 convolutions or indentations, 0 measure without pressing into approximate idea the indentations. of the height of the tree. 2. If a single tree has a measure double stem that forks here 4½ feet =X below 4½ feet above the ground, measure at the narrowest place below the fork. Crown Size If the tree forks at Set a stake directly under ground level, measure measure 4½ feet the outside edge of the crown the largest stem at 4½ this one feet. farthest from the trunk (A) and another directly opposite 3. When the base of a it at the outer edge of the tree is “heaved” (tree start roots exposed usually measure­ crown on an imaginary line due to the effects of ment 4½ feet passing through the center of erosion, along with tree here movement and growth the tree (B). Next, set stakes patterns), the measuring marking the shortest diameter point begins where the root mass ends and the of the crown passing tree trunk begins. measure here through the center of the at midpoint DNR tree (C and D). Measure both ­ 4. If a tree is growing on a slope, measure 4½ distances to the nearest feet above the midpoint foot with a tape measure. of the different ground 4½ feet levels. Add the two measurements 4½ feet together and divide the sum Minnesota Department of Natural Resources by two to find the average crown spread. MN Beyer, Amy Illustrations: Division of Forestry ©Richard Hamilton Smith Hamilton ©Richard MINNESOTA’S NATIVE BIG TREE REGISTRY About the Program What Is a Tree? Minnesota’s 52 native tree species are listed in the Everyone is invited to join the search for Minnesota’s A tree is any woody plant that can reach a height of A QUICK GUIDE TO LEAF TYPES Big Tree Registry. A nominee for species championship is champion big trees. There are many unreported giants just 15 feet or more at maturity and is usually single-stemmed Leaflets judged on three measurements: the circumference in inches waiting to be found. To nominate a champion big tree, just and has a crown or branched-out area at the top. This Blade of its trunk 4½ feet above the ground, its height in feet, fill out the application form. Your nominations must be one of distinguishes trees from shrubs, which are woody but short and one-quarter of its crown spread in feet. the tree species listed in the registry. All categories of required and multi-stemmed, and from vines, which may be long and The total of these measurements is the points awarded information must be completed for your application form to be woody but lack a crown. to that particular tree. A champion is one that has accepted. Local federal, state, county, or city foresters can help accumulated the most points for its species. If two trees of you verify your tree’s species and measurements. Try a local the same species have identical scores, the tree with the nursery or tree care company for help, too. Minnesota’s Own Simple Compound Opposite Alternate largest trunk circumference becomes champion. You will be notified in writing if your tree is the new To the 52 species of trees listed in the Big Tree Registry, leaves have leaves leaves grow leaves grow only one have many directly across singly along a champion. Nominated trees that do not surpass the recorded Minnesota is home. These “native” species (also called leaf blade. leaflets. from one branch, with champion are filed as “contenders.” When a champion falls, indigenous species) grew naturally or spontaneously in the another, in space between Example: Eastern White Pine (Pinus strobus) each leaf. the largest contender of that tree species on file becomes the undisturbed forest vegetation before the arrival of Columbus pairs. new champion. Nominations are accepted year-round, but an or other Europeans. Leaf Edges updated big tree list is produced once-a-year in the summer. Smooth leaves have smooth edges. Toothed leaves have jagged edges. Lobed leaves have rounded sections. Did you know there is also a National Register of Big Trees Down to Basics DNR that recognizes champion trees of 826 species and varieties? ­ In fact, Minnesota’s program is set up using much of the All of Minnesota’s native species belong to one of two Smooth same criteria as this national program. For more information basic categories: gymnosperms or angiosperms. Toothed on the National Register of Big Trees, contact American Gymnosperms are trees whose seeds are not encased Doubly toothed Forests, P.O. Box 2000, Washington, DC 20013; 202-737- in a structure such as a fruit or nut. Most gymnosperms Lobed 1944; www.amfor.org. bear their seeds in cones, so they are also called conifers DNR (“conebearers”), and have thin needlelike leaves that ­ Illustrations: Amy Beyer, MN Beyer, Amy Illustrations: sometimes earn them the name needleleaf. Virtually all are evergreen, meaning they shed only a portion of their needles Photo: MN Photo: FUN FACT each year. People in the wood products industry often refer to Measurements: References The Norway pine (Pinus resinosa), coniferous trees as softwoods. To obtain more information about trees and their Circumference 214 inches Minnesota’s state tree, has nothing to do The second major kind of tree, the angiosperm, has identification and care, try these places and resources: Height 103 feet with Norway—in fact, in most places this covered seeds. Also known as deciduous or broadleaf trees, Crown Spread 84 feet species is called the red pine. It may have trees in this category drop their leaves each autumn. They are Minnesota’s Bookstore Minnesota Extension Service Points: been given its “Minnesota” name by English the ones that make the forests so colorful each year. These 660 Olive Street Distribution Center Circumference 214 settlers, who thought it resembled the trees are sometimes referred to as hardwoods (even though St. Paul, MN 55155 University of Minnesota Height 103 Norwegian scotch pine. Others speculate that their wood is not necessarily harder than that of softwoods!). 651-297-3000 (Metro) Room 20, Coffey Hall Crown Spread 21 it took its name from the town of Norway, Maine, another 1-888-657-3757 (Toll free) 1420 Eckles Avenue, Total Points 338 locale where red pine was observed by early settlers. www.minnesotasbookstore.com St. Paul, MN 55108-6069 1-800-876-8636 FUN FACT Trees of Minnesota, www.extension.umn.edu stock number 9-1, is a Department of Natural Resources ©Copyright 2009, State of Minnesota, Department of Natural Resources Minnesota is the proud 500 Lafayette Road home of one of the rare pocket-size, spiral-bound A Beginners’ Guide to Minnesota St. Paul, MN 55155­4040 Equal opportunity to participate in and benefit from programs of the Minnesota field guide to Minnesota’s Trees, BU-06593 and Minnesota Department of Natural Resources is available to all individuals regardless of race, exceptions to the “rule” (651) 296­6157 (Metro Area) native tree species. Trees, BU-00486 are also 1­888­MINNDNR (646­6367) (MN Toll Free) color, creed, religion, national origin, sex, marital status, status with regard to that conifers are also public assistance, age, sexual orientation, or disability. Discrimination inquiries www.mndnr.gov excellent resources for should be sent to MN­DNR, 500 Lafayette Road, St. Paul, MN 55155­4031; or the evergreens. The tamarack, identifying Minnesota trees. Printed on recycled paper containing a minimum of 10 percent Equal Opportunity Office, Department of the Interior, Washington, DC 20240. found in the sprawling peat postconsumer waste, using soy­based ink. This document is available in alternative formats to individuals with bogs of the north, bears its Available At Most Bookstores disabilities by calling: (651) 296­6157 (Metro Area) or 1­888­MINNDNR DNR This publication is printed on paper certified seeds in cones but sheds all ­ (MN Toll Free) or TTY: (651) 296­5484 (Metro Area) or 1­800­657­3929 Trees and Shrubs of Minnesota, written by Welby R.
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