2019 Rule Change Proposal 1

Purpose of Proposal: To add amplectens, narrowleaf slim leaved onion to Volume 1, Table 2A. Amend classifications for this species in Volume 3 of the AOSA Rules and amend the common name.

Present Rule: None in Vol. 1. Present rule in Vol. 3 given below.

CONTAMINATING Nomen Spp Scientific name Common name Family CLASSIFICATION # class A F H R S T V 101407 Allium amplectens Torr. narrowleafed onion, W W W W W W W W

Proposed Rule:

Volume 1. Principles and Procedures

Table 2A. Weights for working samples. Minimum Minimum Approximate Approximate weight for Pure weight for number of number of noxious-weed Seed Chaffy purity seeds per seeds per a Kind of seed seed or bulk Unit Seed analysisb gramc ounced # examination Grams Grams Number Number Allium amplectens Torr. 1 4 40 634 17,979 narrowleaf onion, slim leaved onion

Volume 3. Uniform Classification of Weed and Crop Seeds

CONTAMINATING Nomen Spp Scientific name Common name Family CLASSIFICATION # class A F H R S T V Narrowleaf onion, 101407 Allium amplectens Torr. Amaryllidaceae F, R W C W C W W W Slim leaved onion

Harmonization and Impact Statement: Allium amplectens is not in the Federal Seed Act Regulations, the Canadian M & P, or the ISTA Rules. This is a commercially marketed species; therefore, adding working weights and a pure seed unit definition to the AOSA Rules will standardize seed testing procedures among laboratories. This species is listed in Volume 3 Uniform Classification of Weed and Crop Seeds as a weed.

Supporting Evidence: Allium amplectens is a bulbiferous native species to California, Orgon, Washington, and British Columbia. produce 10-50, pale pink to white, star-shaped flowers per globe-shaped from April to July. Native pollinators love the showy long-lived flowers. Freely reseeding, large bunches of these flowers are colorful for many weeks and serve as a key nectar source for Fenders Blue Butterfly.

This species is listed in Volume 3 Uniform Classification of Weed and Crop Seeds as a weed under spp. class and as weed under all contaminating classifications. Since A. amplectens seed is sold commercially as an ornamental and a pollinator attractant, as well as being a native , it should be place under spp. class ‘F’ and ‘R’ and when found as a contaminant in a ‘F’ or ‘R’ kind of seed the authors recommend it be classified as other crop.

Seed counts were conducted at the Agri Seed Testing Lab on eleven seed lots received since 2008. The seed count method was in accordance to AOSA Rules, Section 13: Non-mechanical Seed Count and Working Weight Determinations (Figure 1). Refer to Appendix 1 of this proposal for replicate data.

Purity Working Weight for Allium amplectens

5.5 5

4.5 4

3.5

3 2.5

2

PurityWeight (g) 1.5

1 0.5

0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Lot Number

Figure 1. Purity working weights for eleven commercial seed lots of Allium amplectens, narrowleaf onion, based on non-mechanical seed counts. The red line indicates the average purity working sample weight across all eleven seed lots is 4.031 grams.

Results of the statistical analysis are shown in Table 1. Methodology for the analysis: 1. Each set of data per seed lot (usually 8 replications) was checked for normality of distribution (Shapiro-Wilk test for normality, p  0.05; ranks not averaged for tied values). 2. For non-normally distributed data sets of a single seed lot, an outlier test was used to identify a single outlier (Grubbs’ test, p  0.05). 3. Data was rechecked after removing a single outlier. Revised data sets (after removing the outlier) were used in the final determination of average weight of 100 seeds. If removing a single outlier still resulted in non-normally distributed data, the data set for that seed lot was considered unreliable and results excluded from further data analysis. 4. Means of each lot were then used to calculate the overall mean weight of 100 seeds for that species and a 95% confidence interval for the mean. 5. The same means were also checked for normality of distribution and presence of outliers. However, no attempt was made to discard outliers at this stage. If the outlier replicate average can be ascribed to errors in data collection, then the data should be discarded. However, if the outlier is due to natural variation (e.g., genetic, varietal or cultural differences), discarding the data is not recommended. This is a judgment call unrelated to statistical analysis results.

Table 1. Species mean seed weight and confidence intervals of data checked for normality of distribution and presence of outliers.

Results of Results Single No. revised lots Mean wt. normally outlier Standard Species of normally of 100 CI (95%) for mean distributed removed error lots1 distributed seeds (Y/N) 2 (Y/N) 3 (Y/N) 4 Allium amplectens 11 N Y: lot 3 Y 0.1612 0.0073 0.1450-0.1775 1Original number of tested lots. 2 Shapiro-Wilk test for normality (p  0.05). Normality test separately applied to replication data of each seed lot. 3 If data set (replications) for a seed lot is not normally distributed, one outlier (replication) is removed. Presence of outliers verified using Grubbs’ test (p  0.05). 4 Each seed lot was tested for normality after outlier was removed. If data set of a seed lot was still not normally distributed after removing outlier, that seed lot was excluded from analysis.

References: Sources for general plant information provided above and additional information on this species can be found in the following reference and websites:

Baldwin, B. G., D. H. Goldman, D. J. Keil, R. Patterson, T. J. Rosatti, and D. H. Wilken (Eds.). 2012. The Jepson manual: vascular plants of California. 2nd Ed. University of California Press. https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=ALAM2&photoID=alam2_001_ahp.tif http://www.heritageseedlings.com/page_139_53/allium-amplectens https://www.sevenoaksnativenursery.com/native-plants/perennials-and-bulbs/allium-amplectens/

Submitted by: Sharon Davidson, RST, Agri Seed Testing, Inc., 1930 Davcor ST SE, Salem, OR 97302 [email protected]; Deborah Meyer, Purity Subcommittee AOSA Co-chair, [email protected]; and Gil Waibel, Purity Subcommittee SCST Co-chair, [email protected]

The authors would like to thank Dr. Riad Baalbaki for performing the statistical analysis.

Date Submitted: October 15, 2018

Appendix 1 – Seed counts for Allium amplectens, narrowleaf onion.

Replication Lot 1 Lot 2 Lot 3 Lot 4 Lot 5 Lot 6 Lot 7 Lot 8 Lot 9 Lot 10 Lot 11 1 0.1710 0.1760 0.1450* 0.1280 0.1840 0.1510 0.2020 0.1720 0.1320 0.1540 0.1190 2 0.1610 0.1770 0.1640 0.1330 0.1840 0.1450 0.1960 0.1860 0.1420 0.1600 0.1140 3 0.1660 0.1850 0.1580 0.1400 0.1800 0.1460 0.1940 0.1800 0.1400 0.1590 0.1250 4 0.1630 0.1710 0.1650 0.1330 0.1810 0.1470 0.2000 0.1860 0.1460 0.1540 0.1170 5 0.1620 0.1770 0.1610 0.1390 0.1830 0.1490 0.1940 0.1920 0.1420 0.1690 0.1310 6 0.1650 0.1820 0.1610 0.1320 0.1780 0.1500 0.1960 0.1770 0.1350 0.1690 0.1250 7 0.1590 0.1800 0.1680 0.1350 0.1800 0.1510 0.2030 0.1890 0.1370 0.1530 0.1140 8 0.1670 0.1790 0.1710 0.1300 0.1790 0.1460 0.1950 0.1950 0.1420 0.1650 0.1180 9 x x 0.1570 x x x x 0.1880 x 0.1590 0.1110 10 x x 0.1640 x x x x 0.1840 x 0.1690 0.1200 11 x x 0.1680 x x x x 0.1860 x 0.1700 0.1190 12 x x 0.1710 x x x x 0.1850 x 0.1590 0.1160 13 x x 0.1690 x x x x 0.1820 x 0.1660 0.1100 14 x x 0.1650 x x x x 0.1840 x 0.1730 0.1170 15 x x 0.1710 x x x x 0.1820 x 0.1640 0.1130 16 x x 0.1660 x x x x 0.1850 x 0.1670 0.1180 Mean 0.1395 0.16425 0.178375 0.1653 0.13375 0.181125 0.148125 0.1975 0.1846 0.163125 0.117938 1-8 or 1-16 purity wt. 4.10625 4.459375 4.131667 3.34375 4.528125 3.703125 4.9375 4.635 3.4875 4.078125 2.948438 nox wt. 41.0625 44.59375 41.31667 33.4375 45.28125 37.03125 49.375 46.35 34.875 40.78125 29.48438 wt./seed 0.001643 0.001784 0.001653 0.001338 0.001811 0.001481 0.001975 0.001854 0.001395 0.001631 0.001179 seeds/g 609 561 605 748 552 675 506 539 717 613 848 seeds/oz 17265 15904 17152 21206 15649 19136 14345 15281 20327 17379 24041 seeds/lb 276242 254470 274428 339293 250387 306180 229522 244490 325231 278057 384653 Mean weight of 100 seeds = 0.1612 grams Mean purity working weight across all seed lots = 4.031 grams Mean noxious working weight across all seed lots = 40.31 grams Mean weight per seed across all seed lots = 0.001612 gram Mean number of seeds per gram across all seed lots = 634 Mean number of seeds per ounce across all seed lots = 17,979 Mean number of seeds per pound across all seed lots = 287,665 *Outlier highlighted and removed from data set.