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Taxonomy, Stratigraphic Distribution and Palaeobiogeography of the Early Cretaceous Coral Genus Holocystis

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Taxonomy, Stratigraphic Distribution and Palaeobiogeography of the Early Cretaceous Coral Genus Holocystis 288 RevistaLöser Mexicana de Ciencias Geológicas, v. 23, núm. 3, 2006, p. 288-301 Taxonomy, stratigraphic distribution and palaeobiogeography of the Early Cretaceous coral genus Holocystis Hannes Löser Estación Regional del Noroeste, Instituto de Geología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 1039, 83000 Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico. [email protected] ABSTRACT The Early Cretaceous Scleractinian coral genus Holocystis Lonsdale, 1849 –fi rst reported for southern England and for a long time believed to be restricted to this region– is easy to recognise but it is also rare. Abundant material from the Late Barremian to Early Albian found in Sonora (Mexico) as well as the available type material and additional material from Europe and East Africa allowed a systematic revision. Five species are distinguished. One of them –Holocystis nomikosi– is described as a new species. Three species previously described for other genera were assigned to the genus Holocystis and two species formerly assigned to Holocystis were found to belong to other genera. Two genera (Tetracoenia and Nowakocoenia) are considered junior synonyms of Holocystis. The stratigraphic extent of the genus was limited to the range from the Barremian to the Early Albian. Holocystis is not a common coral genus but occurred in a large geographic area comprising the central Tethys, the Caribbean, and even the eastern to south-eastern Tethys. The genus is restricted to sediments with a certain terrigenous input. Key words: Scleractinia, Cretaceous, taxonomy, corals, palaeobiogeography. RESUMEN El género de corales Holocystis Lonsdale, 1849 del Cretácico Temprano fue reportado por primera vez en el sur de Inglaterra y por mucho tiempo se consideró como restringido a esta región. El género es fácil de reconocer pero es un género raro. Abundantes muestras del Barremiano tardío hasta el Albiano temprano encontradas en Sonora (México), así como el material tipo y muestras adicionales de Europa y África oriental permitieron una revisión sistemática. Se identifi can cinco especies. Una especie –Holocystis nomikosi– se describe como especie nueva. Tres especies originalmente asignadas a otros géneros se reasignan a Holocystis, y dos especies originalmente asignadas a este género pertenecen a otros géneros. Dos géneros (Tetracoenia y Nowakocoenia) son considerados como sinónimos de Holocystis. El rango estratigráfi co del género es limitado del Barremiano hasta el Albiano temprano. Holocystis no es un género común de coral, pero se encuentra en un área grande que comprende la región central del mar de Tethys, el mar Caribe y también en le este y sureste del mar de Tethys. El género está casi restringido a sedimentos con una cierta infl uencia terrígena. Palabras clave: Scleractinia, Cretácico, taxonomía, corales, paleobiogeografía. The Early Cretaceous coral genus Holocystis 289 INTRODUCTION Espina Member, Mural Limestone (both Bisbee Group; González-León and Lucas, 1995). Two sample locations The colonial coral genus Holocystis Lonsdale, 1849 is are distinguished in the Cerro de Oro Formation (CO4 an easily recognisable Early Cretaceous genus owing to its and BZ1) and one sample location in the Cerro La Espina tetrameral septal arrangement. It was fi rst described from Member (CO5). Lawton et al. (2004) claimed a Middle the Early Aptian of Southern England, with Cyathophora Albian age in comparable sections for the Cerro La Espina elegans Lonsdale, 1849 as type species, and is a common Member, which is not well constrained by biostratigraphic coral in the Lower Greensand at the south coast of the Isle data according to the opinion of this author, and therefore of Wight. Five Holocystis species were described subse- was not applied in this paper. quently from Lower Cretaceous outcrops in Europe, two Poland, Malopolskie, Lanckorona, Jastrzebia of which belong to other genera. Three other species were (PL.1170); Grodziszcze Sandstones, Early Aptian. described under genera different from Holocystis but belong Poland, Slaskie, Bielsko-Biala, Rudzica (PL.3627); to this genus. Only two species are reported commonly in Late Barremian-Early Aptian. the literature. Except for the study by Ryder (1927), which Romania, Suceava, Pojorîta area, Cîmpulung- is restricted to the type species of the genus, the genus has Moldovenesc, Valea Seaca and Valea Izvorul Alb (RO.280, never been considered in detail. New, previously unreported RO.827); Wildfl ysch, Early Aptian. material mainly from the Late Barremian to Early Albian Serbia, East Serbia, Zljebine (SM.126); Early from Mexico, but also from Spain and Greece and the Aptian. discovery of a new species demand a taxonomical revision Spain, Cataluña, Lérida, Com. Alt Urgell, Mun. of the genus, and also will allow a better limitation of its Cabó, Senyús section (E.2273); Senyús Formation, early stratigraphical extent. Late Aptian. Spain, Cataluña, Lérida, Com. Alt Urgell, Mun. Coll de Nargó, Set Comelles, El Caso section (E.2040); Font MATERIAL Bordonera Formation, latest Aptian. Spain, Cataluña, Lérida, Com. La Noguera, Montsec The material comes from various localities. Most of de Rubies, section NW La Cabrua quarry; early Late Aptian. them are listed, commented and provided with additional The coral fauna from this locality is still undescribed, but references in Löser et al. (2005); the locality code is provid- the stratigraphy of the locality was discussed in Löser and ed in parenthesis after the locality name. Herein, details are Decrouez (2000). only provided if not already reported in that publication. Spain, Murcia, Jumilla, Sierra de Sopalmo; Early Aptian. Azerbaijan, Kubatlinskij rajon, Alikuliushagi The locality is described in Morycowa et al. (2001). (AZ.146); Barremian. Spain, Tarragona, Cataluña, Com. Baix Penedés, Mun. France, Dépt. Aube, Les Croûtes (F.417). According Sant Martí Sarroca, Can Grau (E.834); Late Aptian. to d’Orbigny (1851, p. 165), the locality has an Aptian age, Tanzania, Tanganyika, Mtwara, Nambawala plateau, which was later specifi ed by Corroy (1925, p. 456) as Early Pilepile (EAT.16); Kiturika member, Late Aptian. Aptian. An Aptian age is improbable. Turkmenistan, Krasnovodskaya oblast, Small Balcan France, Dépt. Yonne, Seignelay. Without stratigraphy (TUR.137); Early Barremian. mentioned by d’Orbigny (1850, p. 121). Corroy (1925, p. United Kingdom, Isle of Wight, Atherfi eld (GB.312); 456) claimed an Early Aptian age, which is improbable Perna Beds, Early Aptian. The locality at the coast has been according to the geological situation. In this area, which well known for many years. The localities Atherfi eld point, concerns also Les Croûtes, sediments of the Calcaire à coast guard station, Sandown (bay) and Shanklin are close Spatangus (Early Hauterivian, zone of Acanthodiscus ra- to the type area and of Early Aptian age as well. diatus) crop out (F.418). Germany, Bavaria, Allgäuer Helvetikum, Tiefenbach (D.256); Schrattenkalk, Early Aptian. SYSTEMATIC PALAEONTOLOGY Greece, Viotía, Chiarmena SE Aliartos (GR.537); Evangelistria-Schichten, Late Aptian-Early Albian. The following institutional abbreviations are used: Italy, L’Aquila, Abruzzi, Monti d’Ocre, Fossa Cerasetti BSP: Bayerische Staatssammlung für Paläontologie (I.1734); Late Aptian. und Geologie München, Germany; ERNO: Universidad Mexico, Sonora, Municipio Ures, Cerro de Oro; Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Geología, Cerro de Oro Formation (Late Barremian-Early Aptian) and Estación Regional del Noroeste, Hermosillo, Mexico; Cerro La Espina Member, Mural Limestone (Early Albian). GPS: Geologische und Paläontologische Sammlung der Corals are found in two different levels in the area of the Universität Leipzig, Germany; JCSV: Coll. Saldaña-Villodre, small village Cerro de Oro: in the Late Barremian-Early San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain; MB: Naturkundemuseum Aptian (zone of Palorbitolina lenticularis) of the Cerro der Humboldt-Universität Berlin, Germany; MGSB: Museo de Oro Formation and in the Early Albian of the Cerro La Geológico del Seminario de Barcelona, Spain; MNHN: 290 Löser Muséum National d‘Histoire Naturelle Paris, France; NHM: Possible synonym. Nowakocoenia Kołodziej and Gedl, The Natural History Museum London, United Kingdom; 2000 (type species Nowakocoenia cieszynica Kołodziej NHMW: Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, Austria; PU: and Gedl, 2000, by original designation). The authors of Museo di Geologia e Paleontologia dell‘ Università di the genus distinguished it from Holocystis on the basis of Torino, Italy; TUM: The Tohoku University Museum, morphological characteristics of wall formation. The char- Sendai, Japan; UJ: Jagiellonian University, Instytut Nauk acter of the wall was described as “ambiguous, however at Geologicznych, Kraków, Poland. least in some places of the colony”, and they claimed that The following abbreviations are used: c: calicular it had developed prior to the septa. They did not compare diameter; ccd: distance of calicular centers; s: number of their distinctions with Holocystis. It was also claimed that septa; sc: number of costae; ac: acetate peel; ths: thin sec- the septal pattern of Holocystis was more regular and “differ- tion; v = the present author has seen the material belonging ent” from that in Nowakocoenia, without going into detail. to this citation; * = fi rst publication. The term ‘cycle’ or The septal insertion in Nowakocoenia is indeed not very ‘septal cycle’ refers to radial elements of equal width and regular, but neither is it in Holocystis. The main distinguish- length. The fi rst
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