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Goji Die Werbung Die Wirklichkeit Unsere Empfehlung

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Goji Die Werbung Die Wirklichkeit Unsere Empfehlung Goji Die Goji-Beere wächst am Gemeinen Bocksdorn (Lycium barbarum), auch Gemeiner Teufelszwirn oder Chinesische Wolfsbeere genannt. In China heißt das Nachtschattengewächs Níngxià gǒuqǐ, im englischen Sprachraum Goji oder Wolfberry. Der Bocksdorn dient als Zierpflanze (auch in Deutschland), und seine Früchte haben ihren Platz sowohl in der chinesischen Küche als auch in der traditionellen chinesischen Medizin. Die getrockneten Beeren sind blassrot, zirka 1 cm lang und 0,5 cm breit. Sie schmecken süßlich, praktisch säurelos, ein wenig wie eine Mischung aus Dörrpflaumen und Feigen. Reiner Goji-Saft kostet je Liter 26 bis 30 Euro; 250 Gramm Beeren werden für 4,50 bis 12 Euro angeboten. Die Werbung Goji-Beeren werden gerne als wahre Gesundheits- und Anti-Aging-Sensation angepriesen. Sie sollen Energie spenden, das Herz-Kreislauf-System unterstützen, das Immunsystem stärken, bei Bluthochdruck und Schlafproblemen helfen, optimalen Zellschutz bieten, Schäden durch freie Radikale neutralisieren und "im ewigen Kampf gegen zu frühes Altern durch Stress und Umwelteinflüsse" beistehen. Die empfohlene Tagesdosis liegt bei 10-20 Gramm getrockneter Früchte täglich. Die Wirklichkeit Untersuchungen kommen in der Regel aus China, beschäftigen sich vor allem mit dem antioxidativen Potenzial der Beeren. Dieses soll zirka 15mal höher sein als das von grünem Tee. Im Internet wird häufig von einem sehr hohen Vitamin-C-Gehalt, 18 enthaltenen Aminosäuren und 21 Spurenelementen berichtet. Tatsächlich ist es jedoch sehr schwierig, verlässliche Quellen für die Zusammensetzung der Nährstoffe zu finden; die großen internationalen Datenbanken führen Goji- Beeren nicht auf. Nach verschiedenen Internetquellen sollen die getrockneten Beeren 29-148 Milligramm (mg) Vitamin C pro 100 Gramm (g) enthalten; mit diesem für Trockenfrüchte sehr hohen Wert wären sie vergleichbar mit frischen Orangen (50 mg), Erdbeeren (53 mg) oder Schwarzen Johannisbeeren (177 mg). Betrachtet man den Vitamingehalt im Verhältnis zur Energiemenge - zirka 300 Kilokalorien (kcal) pro 100 Gramm für getrocknete Goji gegenüber 39 kcal/100 g bei schwarzen Johannisbeeren - so geht der Vergleich klar zugunsten der frischen hiesigen Früchte aus. Unsere Empfehlung Hier verkaufte Goji-Beeren stammen in der Regel aus China. Wer die Trockenfrüchte kaufen möchte, sollte sich vom Verkäufer zusichern lassen, dass der Importeur jede Charge auf Pestizide und Schwermetalle untersuchen lässt. Alternativ kann Bioware gekauft werden. Hier gelten die strengeren Regeln der EU-Öko-Verordnung, und die Produkte sind schärferen Kontrollen auch bei der Einfuhr unterworfen. Bei Säften sollte vor allem auf den tatsächlichen Goji-Fruchtanteil geachtet werden; häufig ist dieser recht gering. Der hohe Preis der Produkte beruht in erster Linie aus der Vermarktung als exotisches bzw. Wundermittel. Nahrungsergänzungsmittel - eine Produktübersicht von A-Z http://www.vz-berlin.de/UNIQ123229137231704/link500591A.html Gemeiner Bocksdorn (Weitergeleitet von Goji) Gemeiner Bocksdorn Gemeiner Bocksdorn (Lycium barbarum) Systematik Dreifurchenpollen- Klasse: Zweikeimblättrige (Rosopsida) Unterklasse: Asternähnliche (Asteridae) Ordnung: Nachtschattenartige (Solanales) Nachtschattengewächse Familie: (Solanaceae) Gattung: Bocksdorne (Lycium) Art: Gemeiner Bocksdorn Wissenschaftlicher Name Lycium barbarum L. Der Gemeine Bocksdorn (Lycium barbarum) ist ein Nachtschattengewächs (Solanaceae) aus der Gattung der Bocksdorne (Lycium). Die Pflanze ist ein Neophyt, und wird auch Gemeiner Teufelszwirn und Chinesische Wolfsbeere genannt. In China heißt sie Níngxià gǒuqǐ (chin. 宁夏枸杞 „Gǒuqǐ aus Ningxia“), im englischsprachigen Raum Goji oder Wolfberry. Sie wird als Zierpflanze verwendet und ist Bestandteil der chinesischen Küche und der traditionellen chinesischen Medizin. Inhaltsverzeichnis [Verbergen] 1 Vorkommen 2 Beschreibung o 2.1 Blüte o 2.2 Früchte o 2.3 Lebensraum Pflanze 3 Inhaltsstoffe und Pharmakologie 4 Küche und Ethnobotanik 5 Systematik 6 Quellen 7 Weblinks Vorkommen [Bearbeiten] Nach Ellenberg ist der Gemeine Bocksdorn eine Volllichtpflanze, er zeigt Wärme, Frische, Schwachbasen, Stickstoffarmut bis mäßigen -reichtum. Er kommt vorwiegend in und nahe den Städten Mitteldeutschlands vor, verwildert an Mauern und Zäunen. Weniger häufig sieht man ihn im Westen Deutschlands. Er verträgt weder Salz noch Schwermetalle[1]. Wo die eigentliche Heimat des Bocksdorns liegt, ist unklar, wahrscheinlich ist sein natürlicher Standort von Südosteuropa bis China zu finden. Eine typische Wolfsbeerenregion in China ist Ningxia. Von dort breitete er sich als Kulturpflanze nach ganz Asien, Europa, Nordamerika, Nordafrika und Australien/Neuseeland aus. Beschreibung [Bearbeiten] Blüte des Bocksdorn Der Gemeine Bocksdorn ist ein sommergrüner Strauch, der zwei bis vier Meter hoch werden kann. Seine rutenförmigen, meist stachligen Äste hängen bogenartig herab und tragen längliche, lanzettförmige lange graugrüne Blätter, die 2 bis 3 cm breit und 3 bis 10 cm lang werden und einzeln oder gegenständig am Ast sitzen[1][2]. Blüte [Bearbeiten] Die Blütezeit des Gemeinen Bocksdorn ist von Juni bis August. Der Blütenstand enthält eine oder mehrere fünfzählige, zwittrige (hermaphroditische) Blüten, die jeweils auf einem 1 bis 2 cm langen Stiel sitzen. Der Blütenkelch ist 4 bis 5 mm im Durchmesser, glockenförmig und zweilappig. Die Blütenkrone ist violett und trichterförmig, mit 5 bis 6 mm langen sich spreizenden Blütenblättern, die am Rand fast unbehaart sind. Der Kelch hat eine Länge von 8 bis 10 Millimetern, die Staubgefäße und Griffel stehen daraus leicht hervor[1][2]. Früchte [Bearbeiten] Der Gemeine Bocksdorn in Thomés Flora von 1885 Die Bestäubung erfolgt durch Insekten (Bienen) oder Selbstbestäubung. Die leuchtendroten oder orange-gelben, länglichen bis eiförmigen, 0.4 bis 2 mm breiten und 5 bis 12 mm langen Früchte reifen von August bis Oktober und verbreiten ihre Samen mithilfe der Tiere, von denen sie gefressen werden. Jede einzelne Frucht enthält 4 bis 20 braungelbe runde Samen mit einem Durchmesser von etwa 2 mm[1][2]. Lebensraum Pflanze [Bearbeiten] Auf dem Bocksdorn wurden Schmetterlingsraupen der Arten Manduca sexta, Manduca quinquemaculatus und des Totenkopfschwärmers beobachtet[3]. Als Schädlinge kommen Läuse der Gattungen Aphis und Paratrioza vor. Inhaltsstoffe und Pharmakologie [Bearbeiten] β-Sitosterol Solasodin Frühere Vermutungen, der Bocksdorn würde Hyoscyamin enthalten, gehen fast ausnahmslos auf eine Arbeit von 1890 zurück und konnten seitdem nicht bestätigt werden, das Gerücht hält sich aber weiterhin hartnäckig. Neueste Untersuchungen mit modernsten Methoden widerlegen die genannten Behauptungen[4][5]. Vergiftungsfälle sind nicht bekannt, der Fruchtsaft ist von vielen Herstellern erhältlich. In den Früchten finden sich unter anderem 0.5 Prozent des Vitamin C-Vorläufers 2-O-(β-D-Glucopyranosyl-)ascorbinsäure, 0.1 Prozent Betain, Vitamin A, Vitamin B1, B2, GABA und Nikotinsäure, die Tetraterpene Zeaxanthin und Physalein, die Steroide Solasodin, β-Sitosterol und dessen Vorläufer Daucosterol, Polysaccharide, p-Cumarinsäure, Scopoletin, Aminosäuren und Proteine.[6] Die moderne Wissenschaft hat sich für die Inhaltsstoffe interessiert und in Laborstudien erste Hinweise auf medizinische Wirksamkeit gefunden: Extrakte aus gemeinem Bocksdorn schützen vor Zerstörung des optischen Nervs, wenn ein Glaukom vorliegt[7]. Polysaccharide aus der Pflanze haben immunmodulierende Wirkung[8]. Es gibt mehrere Laborstudien und eine klinische Studie zur Wirksamkeit gegen Krebs[9]. Wässrige Extrakte aus gemeinem Bocksdorn haben starke antioxidative Eigenschaften[10]. Küche und Ethnobotanik [Bearbeiten] Reife Bocksdorn-Beeren Bocksdorn wird in China zum Kochen und in der Naturheilkunde verwendet. In den nordwestchinesischen Provinzen Gansu, Ningxia, Qinghai und Innere Mongolei wächst der Bocksdorn im Übermaß. Im Sommer und Herbst werden die Früchte geerntet und in der Sonne getrocknet[11]. Die Früchte werden gekocht oder, wenn es süße sind, auch roh gegessen; einige Varianten sind sehr sauer. Blätter von Jungpflanzen werden auch als Blattgemüse verwendet. Traditionell nehmen die Chinesen getrocknete Bocksdornbeeren gegen hohen Blutdruck und Blutzucker, bei Augenproblemen, zur Unterstützung des Immunsystems und zur Vorbeugung und Behandlung von Krebs. Als Einzeldosierung werden 6 bis 15 Gramm der getrockneten Beeren als Absud, in Wein oder als Tinktur angegeben.[11] Der Bocksdorn wird auch als Zierpflanze verwendet[12]. Systematik [Bearbeiten] Mehrere Pflanzenbeschreibungen werden inzwischen in der Art L. barbarum zusammengefasst[13]: Lycium halimifolium Miller Lycium vulgare Dunal Vom Gemeinen Bocksdorn gibt es zwei Varietäten. L. barbarum var. auranticarpum K.F.Ching: Diese Varietät kommt nur in China vor. Die Blätter sind eher schmal und fleischig. Nur 4 bis 8 Samen befinden sich in den orange-gelben Früchten. L. barbarum var. barbarum L.: Die Blätter sind eher breit, dünn oder sogar papierartig. Die Anzahl der Samen pro Frucht liegt höher als 15. Die Früchte haben eine rote Farbe[2]. Quellen [Bearbeiten] 1. ↑ a b c d Bundesamt für Naturschutz, FloraWeb. Auf http://www.floraweb.de/datenservice/artenhome.xsql?suchnr=3555& 2. ↑ a b c d Flora Of China Project, Flora Of China. Vol. 17. S.~303, auf http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200020536 3. ↑ G. S. Robinson u.a.: HOSTS - a database of the hostplants of the world's Lepidoptera. Auf http://www.nhm.ac.uk/research-curation/projects/hostplants/ 4. ↑ M. Adams et al.: HPLC-MS trace analysis of
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