REPUBLIC OF RWANDA

NORTHERN PROVINCE RULINDO DISTRICT POBOX :6892 Kigali FINAL REPORT

IMPLEMENTATION STUDY OF THE LOCAL URBAN DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF RULINDO

BY URAM INT’L, NATUBRI LTD & RUKA ENTERPRISE LTD P.O.Box :2981 KIGALI Phone.: (+250)788 307986 April, 2015

IMPLEMENTATION STUDY OF THE LOCAL URBAN DEVELPMENT PLAN OF RULINDO DISRICT (SHYORONGI&KININI URBAN AREAS)

valuable support to the successfully completion of this ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS important project. Their availability and prompt responses to

In the context of the consultancy service contract between the team requests were very much appreciated.

the consortium composed of URAM INTERNATIONAL, Special thanks are due to the supporting team from Rwanda RUKA ENTERPRISE LTD, NATUBRI LTD and Rulindo Housing Authority (RHA) for having played efficient role in District, the Expert Team assigned by the Consortium terms of technical guidance from the beginning to the conducted a study for the Detailed Implementation Study of completion of the project. Shyorongi and Kinini in the Rulindo Urban Centres. Special thanks are also given to the technical staff of Rulindo This is a comprehensive Report, the output of the field District and Sectors of Rusiga, Shyorongi and Mbogo for survey on the existing situation and updating of elaborated their availability and participation to the study during the Local Urban Development Plan for Kinini and Shyorongi field activities, consultation meetings, planning sessions, etc carried out in 2012. The activities consisted in consulting from the beginning to the completion of the project. with District Authorities and stakeholders, gathering and Their support contributed to guide the site delimitation and reviewing documents, collecting information and data, data collection and also to facilitate contacts with key analysing priority actions proposed by the plan and stakeholders across the sector, cells and villages. meetings with key Government institutions (Ministries,

Public Agencies, Local Government), Private Sector To all, I say, Thank you. Representatives, Civil Society Representatives and concerned communities.

The Consultant Consortium would like to express its sincere thanks to Mr Justus KANGWAGYE, The Mayor of Rulindo District for the trust in awarding to the consortium these consultancy services. The Consultant Consortium is also extending its acknowledgements to all those – key technical staff of the Ministries, Agencies, Rulindo District and other local leaders and their respective associated and stakeholders of Rulindo District coming from public and private bodies, as well as to the concerned Sector, Cell and Village authorities and concerned populations for their

Final Report i Uram Int’l, Natubri Ltd& Ruka Enterprise Ltd IMPLEMENTATION STUDY OF THE LOCAL URBAN DEVELPMENT PLAN OF RULINDO DISRICT (SHYORONGI&KININI URBAN AREAS)

2.1.4 Consultative meetings and focused group discussions. 3.3 SWOT Analysis and Emerging Issues 51 TABLE OF CONTENTS ...... 19 CHAPITRE 4 PLANNING PRINCIPLES AND Page 2.1.5 Household interviews ...... 19 2.1.6 Capacity Building ...... 20 IDENTIFICATION OF PRIORITY SITES FOR PILOT ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ...... I PROJECTS ...... 53 2.2 Report Writing and Report Structure21 TABLE OF CONTENTS...... I 4.1. Review of Existing Plans ...... 53 2.3 Description of the Study Areas ...... 22 4.1.1. District Development Plan ...... 53 LIST OF FIGURES ...... 5 4.1.2. The Local Urban Development Plans for CHAPITRE 3 EXISTING SITUATION AND SOCIO- Shyorongi and Kinini Urban Centers ...... 53 ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF SITES 27 LIST OF TABLES ...... 6 4.1.3. National Land Use Master Plan ...... 53

3.1 Physical Description of the Study Area 27 ACCRONYMS ...... 7 4.2. Priority Sites Selection Conditions and guidelines 3.1.1 Hydrology ...... 28 53 3.1.2 Relief, Soil and Geology ...... 28 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...... 8 3.1.3 Flora and Fauna ...... 29 4.3. Detailed Plan Formulation Principles and Guidelines 55 CHAPITRE 1 : INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND OF 3.1.4 Climate ...... 29 4.3.1. Land Use Planning Principles ...... 55 THE STUDY ...... 10 3.1.5 Landscapes features ...... 30 3.1.6 Vegetation and biodiversity ...... 32 4.3.2. Land Suitability Plan ...... 55 1.1 Project Background ...... 10 4.3.3. Transportation planning ...... 55 3.2 Existing Situation and Socio-Economic Analysis 32 4.3.4. Storm water drainage system ...... 56 1.2 Objective and Scope of the Study .. 11 3.2.1 Primary and Secondary Sectors of Economic Activities 4.3.5. Water and Sanitation Planning ...... 56 ...... 32 1.3 Scope of Study ...... 12 4.3.6. Solid Waste Management Planning ...... 57 3.2.2 Tertiary Sector of Economic Activities ...... 33 1.4 Reporting and deliverables ...... 13 4.4. Settlement and Housing Planning 58 3.3 Demographic Composition and Analysis 36 4.4.1. Guiding Principles of designing housing CHAPITRE 2 : METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES 3.1.1. Age Structure in Rwanda ...... 37 typologies ...... 59 AND DESCRIPTION OF STUDY AREAS 18 3.3.1 Road Network ...... 43 4.4.2. Affordable Housing Planning Perspectives ...... 59 3.3.2 Drainage, Storm Water and Sanitation ...... 46 2.1 Methodology and data collection... 18 4.4.3. Social and affordable housing approaches ...... 60 2.1.1 Data Collection Techniques ...... 18 3.1 Current State of Human Settlement47 4.4.4. Housing and Economic Development ...... 60 2.1.2 Literature Review ...... 18 3.1.2. Existing housing typologies ...... 49 CHAPITRE 5 PLOTTING AND SETTLEMENT 2.1.3 GIS Mapping, field observations and photographing 3.2 Land Tenure and Land Management50 PLANNING IN KININI AND SHYORONGI PRIORITY ...... 18 SITES ...... 62

Final Report i Uram Int’l, Natubri Ltd& Ruka Enterprise Ltd IMPLEMENTETION STUDY OF THE RULINDO LOCAL URBAN DEVELOPMENT PLAN) OF RULINDO DISTRICT (SHYORONGI & KININI URBAN AREAS)

5.1. Overview of historical Human Settlement CHAPITRE 7 ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS 7.10 Public Consultation, Social and Environmental Impacts Development in Rwanda ...... 62 ...... 77 and Mitigation Measures ...... 89 5.1.1. Human Settlements and Housing Development 5.1. Objectives of the EIA Study ..... 77 7.11 Waste Management ...... 89 during Pre-colonial ...... 62

5.1.2. Human Settlements and Housing Development 7.1 Scoping Exercise...... 78 7.13Proposed Waste Management Mechanisms 90 during Colonial period ...... 62 7.2 Approach and Methodology of the EIA Study 78 7.12 Solid Waste Methods of Disposal 90 5.1.3. Human Settlement and Housing Development 7.2.1 Preliminary Assessment/ Scoping EIA Study ...... 78 between 1962 to 1994 ...... 62 7.14 Energy Recovery and Waste to Energy 91 7.22 Review of Institutional, legislative and Policy 5.1.4. Human Settlement and Housing Development framework ...... 79 7.15 Waste hierarchy...... 91 after 1994 ...... 63 7.3.1 Consultation with Stakeholders ...... 79 7.16 liquid waste management ...... 92 5.2. National Policy of Human Settlement and Housing 7.3 Baseline Data and Information ...... 79 Development ...... 63 CHAPITRE 8 ENGINEERING 5.2.1. Informal Settlement in urban areas...... 63 7.4 Impacts Assessment ...... 80 PART(RESIDENTIAL,INFRASTRUCTURES, 100 5.2.2. Rural Settlements ...... 65

7.5 National Legal and Policy Framework80 8.1 Housing Models and Proposals .... 100 5.3. Plot System in Shyorongi and Kinini Priority Sites 7.5.1 Organic law determining the modalities of 65 environmental management ...... 80 8.2 Proposed Foot Ball playground .... 109 7.5.2 Organic law on land management ...... 80 8.2.1 Proposed Hand Ball playground ...... 109 5.4. Zoning Guidelines and Regulations 66

7.6 Water and sanitation policy ...... 81 8.3 Infrastructure Planning and Development 110 CHAPITRE 6 IMPLEMENTATION CHALLENGES AND 8.4 Roads infrastructures in priority sites 110 STRATEGIES OF THE DETAILED PLAN FOR KININI 7.7 National human settlement policy in Rwanda 82 7.7.1 Guidelines for imidugudu settlements (No AND SHYORONGI PRIORITY SITES 69 8.5 Road drainage system ...... 113 MINITRAP/01/19) ...... 84 6.1. Implementation Activities ...... 69 7.7.2 EAC protocol on environment and natural resources 84 8.6 Road construction cost estimation114

6.2. Systematic Investment Plan and Implementation 7.8 International policies and Regulations 85 8.7 Sections and models of roads ...... 118 Phasing ...... 69 7.8.1 ICAO Annex 16 Environmental Protection ...... 85 8.8 Details on Culverts and channels for road drainage system 7.8.2 World Bank Safeguard policies ...... 85 6.3. Existing funding mechanism: .. 70 ...... 119 7.8.3 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate 6.4. Funding framework for priority sites 70 Change (UNFCCC) ...... 88 8.9 Energy and telecommunication .... 122

6.5. Monitoring and Evaluation Mechanisms 72 7.9 Institutional Framework...... 88 8.10 Telecommunication...... 123

Final Report ii Uram Int’l, Natubri Ltd & Ruka Enterprise Ltd IMPLEMENTETION STUDY OF THE RULINDO LOCAL URBAN DEVELOPMENT PLAN) OF RULINDO DISTRICT (SHYORONGI & KININI URBAN AREAS)

8.11 WATER SUPPLY, SANITATION FACILITIES 127

8.12 Cost estimation for water supply in priority areas. 129

8.13 Landfill Site for Solid Waste Collection 149 5. 8.3. 3. Proposed Waste Management Mechanisms .... 150

CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 154

REFERENCES ...... 157

ANNEXES ...... 158

Final Report iii Uram Int’l, Natubri Ltd & Ruka Enterprise Ltd IMPLEMENTATION STUDY OF THE LOCAL URBAN DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF RULINDO DISTRICT [SHYORONGI & KININI URBAN AREAS)

LIST OF MAPS Page Map 1: Localization of Rulindo District in Rwanda ...... 23 Map 2: Localization of Rulindo District in Northern Province ...... 24 Map 3: Urban Areas in Rulindo District (Shyorongi and Kinini) ..... 25 Map 4: Shyorongi and Kinini Urban Areas ...... 26 Map 5; Demographic Densities of Shyorongi and Kinini Urban Centers in Rulindo 39 Map 7: Existing Housing Patterns in Shyorongi Urban Centre ...... 48 Map 12 : Map for Implementation Phases (2015-2035) ...... 76 Map 13: Road network, Shyorongi site ...... 121 Map 14:Road network, Kini site ...... 121 Map 15: Proposed electricity network, Shyorongi site ...... 124 Map 16: Proposed electricity network, Kini site ...... 125 Map 17:Proposed water network, Shyorongi & Kinini site ...... 147 Map 18:Proposed sewerage network, Shyorongi site ...... 148

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LIST OF FIGURES Figure 28: Proposed drainage system with flow directions, Kinini site ...... 126 Figure 29: Landfill design guidance and House for management ..... 149 Page Figure 30: models or diagram of wastewater treatment plant ...... 152

Figure 1: Data collection from the field ...... 18 Figure 2: Community Consultation in Rulindo ...... 19 Figure 3: Capacity Building and Team Spirit ...... 20 Figure 4: Crops Intensification in Shyorongi and Kinini ...... 33 Figure 5: Trade Centers: Commercial Building ...... 34 Figure 6: Commercialization Business in Rulindo ...... 34 Figure 7: Rulindo Cultural Modern Centre: Museum...... 35 Figure 8: Petrol station in Rulindo/Shyorongi ...... 36 Figure 9: Level of income generation per month ...... 36 Figure 10: Age pyramid structure in Rwanda ...... 38 Figure 11: Age pyramid structure in Rulindo District ...... 40 Figure 12: Electricity Distribution within the Study Area ...... 42 Figure 13: Water Tanks in Kinini urban center ...... 43 Figure 14: Tarmac National Road Kigali-Musanze ...... 45 Figure 15: Unpaved Road in good condition ...... 45 Figure 16: Education Level ...... 46 Figure 17: Storm Water Drainage Infrastructure ...... 47 Figure 18: Housing typologies ...... 49 Figure 19: Construction Materials ...... 49 Figure 20: SWOT Analysis matrix ...... 51 Figure 21: Stabilized brick making machine ...... 60 Figure 22: Housing typologies: Residential House: High Density ...... 100 Figure 23: House typology_ Residential House: Medium Density .. 105 Figure 24: House typology_ Residential House: Low Density ...... 107 Figure 25: Culverts and channels for road drainage system ...... 120 Figure 26: Proposed drainage system, Shyorongi site ...... 125 Figure 27: Proposed drainage system with flow directions, Shyorongi site ...... 126

Final Report 5 Uram Int’l, Natubri Ltd & Ruka Enterprise Ltd IMPLEMENTATION STUDY OF THE LOCAL URBAN DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF RULINDO DISTRICT [SHYORONGI & KININI URBAN AREAS)

LIST OF TABLES Table 14: Quantities of water required per day by site referring to Table 30: EM.Plan Matrix for the Proposed Development ...... 96 numbers of plots...... 44 Table 31: Plot sizes and house measurements ...... 100 Table 15 : Water tank required by site referring to the quantities of Table 32:Bills of Quantities ...... 103 Page water required...... 44 Table 33: Bills of Quantities -Medium density ...... 105 Table 16: Classification by site and category of road ...... 46 Table 34: Bills of Quantities –Low Density ...... 108 Table 1: Study Area: Shyorongi and Kinini Selected Urban Zones ... 10 Table 17: Level of Education ...... 46 Table 35: Classification by site and category of road...... 110 Table 2: Data collection and Sample size ...... 20 Table 18: Accessibility to Drainage System ...... 47 Table 36: Cost estimation of 1km (one kilometer) for tarmac Table 3: Study Area Description ...... 22 Table 19:Construction Materials ...... 49 (paved) roads...... 115 Table 4:Existing Land Uses in Selected Priority Areas (Kinini and Table 20: The emerging issues from the physical and socio- Table 37: Technical Specifications are identified in the table as Shyorongi) ...... 31 economic analysis ...... 52 bellow: ...... 123 Table 5: Cultivation Area of Main Crops in Rulindo District ...... 32 Table 21: Number of Plots (Shyorongi & Kinini) ...... 65 Table 38:Total length of low, medium and high voltage included in Table 6: Level of income generation per month ...... 36 Table 22 : Summary of zoning guidelines ...... 67 the site area of Rulindo District ...... 123 Table 7: Population Distribution in the study area (Shyorongi and Table 23: Investments for basic infrastructure, services and Table 39:Number of plots to be coverd by electricity ...... 123 Kinini) ...... 40 facilities ...... 71 Table 40: Plots Distribution-Detailed plans ...... 128 Table 8: Population Project for Rulindo Urban Sectors ...... 41 Table 24: Investment for economic development ...... 71 Table 41:Quantities of water required per day site by site referring Table 9: Population Projection for the Study Area (Shyorongi and Table 25: Investments for social affairs and inclusion ...... 72 to numbers of plots...... 128 Kinini) ...... 41 Table 26: Implementation Mechanisms and Strategies ...... 74 Table 42: Required water tanks site by site for future projection: .. 128 Table 10: Technical Specifications are identified ...... 42 Table 27: Summary of issues rose during public consultation ...... 93 Table 43: Sources of water in the study area ...... 129 Table 11: Total length of low, medium and high voltage ...... 42 Table 28: Anticipated Environmental and Social Impacts and Table 44: Bill of quantities Water supply ...... 129 Table 12: Power distribution within the Priority site areas ...... 43 Mitigation Measures ...... 94 Table 45: Bill of quantities Water supply ...... 139 Table 13: Plots Distribution-Detailed plans ...... 44 Table 29: Key interventions and possible aspects to be considered... 95

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ACCRONYMS NISR: National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda ONATRACOM: Office National de Transport en Commun CBD: Central Business District OSC: One Stop Center DDP: District Development Plans PSCBS: Public Sector Capacity Building Secretariat DHS: Demographic and Health Survey PSF: Private Sector Federation DRC: Democratic Republic of Congo REMA: Rwanda Environment Management Authority EAC: East African Community RFTC: Rwanda Federation of Transport Cooperatives EDPRS: Economic Development and Poverty Reduction RHA: Rwanda Housing Authority Strategy RMF: Road Maintenance Funds EICV: Enquête Intégrale sur les Conditions de Vie des RNP: Rwanda National Police ménages R.O.W: Right of way EM : Environnemental Management RTDA: Rwanda Transport Development Agency EWASA: Energy, Water and Sanitation Authority RURA: Rwanda Utilities and Regulatory Agency GDP: Gross Domestic Product TVET: Technical, Vocational Educational Training ICT: Information, Communication & Technology UN: United Nations IT: Information Technology USD: United States Dollars MDGs: Millennium Development Goals

MIDIMAR: Ministry of Disaster Management MIGEPROF: Ministry of Gender & Family MINAGRI: Ministry of Agriculture & Animal Husbandry MINALOC: Ministry of Local Government MINEAC: Ministry of East African Community MINECOFIN: Ministry of Finance & Economic Planning MINELA: Ministry of Land & Natural Resources MINICOM: Ministry of Trade & Industry MINIJUST: Ministry of Justice MININFRA: Ministry of Infrastructure MINISANTE: Ministry of Health MINISPOC: Ministry of Sports & Culture MYICT: Ministry of Youth and ICT NGOs: Non-Governmental Organizations

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topography responsible to environmental challenges formulated the detailed plans reflected within this resulting from it. comprehensive report. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Due to the development projects earmarked by the The District has 17 administrative Sectors, 71 Cells and 494

Rulindo District through a public tendering process government and the relatively cheap land found within the Villages (Imidugudu) with an estimated total population of mandated URAM INTERNATIONAL, RUKA ENTERPRISE Study Area, so many people from outside the area, especially 288,452 of which 136,058 are males while 152,394 are females & NATUBRI LTD with the task of elaborating a Physical those from the City of Kigali, are acquiring land in according to the population census results (NISR, 2012). Development Plan to be considered as a Detailed speculation of the benefits that will come with these Within the Study Area, Shyorongi and Kinini of Rulindo Implementation Study of Shyorongi and Kinini Priority developments. The Land Title Registration has also District, over 70% of the residents earn less than 100,000 with Urban Centers for the Rulindo District. improved land tenure and people are only waiting for these more 40% of the same residents earning less than 20000 per This area of study covers sectors of Shyorongi, Mbogo and plans to be elaborated in order to start developments. month. These incomes are mainly from agriculture (53%) Rusiga in Rulindo District all shared within two main urban The urban planning and management of this strategic area and only 22% earn from businesses. The main economic centers of Shyorongi and Kinini composing core zones of requires clear legal, institutional and administrative hubs and employers are located near administrative and Study Area. frameworks to guide development, as the basis of overall market centers, where you also find the Sector Officers, The Study Area is strategically located in the surrounding sustainable development avoiding further creation of Banking and Financial Agencies, Health Centers, Primary areas of the City of Kigali and thus an important face of the unplanned settlement within the Study Area. and Secondary Schools, Etc. country and the region in general. The natural structure of The Grid Road Developments characterize the Sector and Within the Study Area, Shyorongi and Kinini of Rulindo the area provides a link on which major development Cell Roads within the area creating a major restructuring District, More than 90% of all students go to public schools projects will build synergy especially between Kigali free element of zone into which all functions are connected. At while less than 10% go to private institutions. The main trade zones, the Industrial Parks and the entire East African the local level, the grid is an organizer, dictating the nature difficulties faced in the education sector are related to community through the envisaged standard gauge railway and direction of corridor uncontrolled and controlled linear finances, long distances to schools and inadequate staffing. project as well as the New Bugesera International Airport to developments. There are no tangible public recreational areas within the be constructed within the surrounding zones of the study This study was conducted through existing situation study area. However, a Modern Culture Centre “Museum” area. analysis, primary data collection through surveys, literature is under construction reaching its final stages. Majority of the The Study Area is characterized by concentration of unique review, GIS mapping and associated modern technologies residents cite electricity as one of the major challenges and geographical and geological features. The landscape of such as remote sensing through satellite and aerial they mainly use charcoal and or firewood for cooking. The Nyabarongo River which becomes Akagera River feeding images, GPS, and social economic surveys through mobile phone is the most common tool of communication into Lake Victoria is also observed within the zones. The administration of questionnaires and structured within the study area. undulating terrain of the area which rises from an altitude of interviewing of key informers. This scientific methodology The revealed findings led the consultant company URAM 1630 m to 1970 m of altitude is not bad for development. The constitutes a solid basis upon which the Consultant Team INTERNATIONAL, RUKA ENTERPRISE & NATUBRI LTD sandy soil of the area has good permeability and the hilly

Final Report 8 Uram Int’l, Natubri Ltd & Ruka Enterprise Ltd IMPLEMENTATION STUDY OF THE LOCAL URBAN DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF RULINDO DISTRICT [SHYORONGI & KININI URBAN AREAS)

to plan according to the existing situation through SWOT - Environmental Considerations for Identified Priority analysis perspectives. Projects The local existing context is mainly facing challenges related The development of implementation phases and strategies to scattered and non-planned settlement structures, lack of was also discussed and the most strategy to be used during infrastructure and basic facilities for well life conditions, the implementation phases for this integrated plan is to environmental threats resulting from the hilly topography, involve the Private Sector, Civil Society, Individuals, to lack of development planning tools for proper support the programs established by the Government of implementation, monitoring and evaluation, etc. Rwanda for Sustainable Development of Shyorongi and However, a number of opportunities were also identified Kinini in Rulindo District. and recognized to be poles of economic growth and socio- economic development in general. These are pull factors to the area which include but not limited to:  Topographic terrain which is suitable for housing and infrastructure development;  Agriculture and farming activities predominant in the area: Banana, Cassava, Beans, Maize, Potatoes, etc.  Future development projects to be built and associated infrastructure and services following the periphery of the City of Kigali, etc Based on the findings from existing situation deep analysis, the planning exercise was initiated mainly focused on: - Land use and Housing planning - Housing Modelling and Promotion of Building technologies - Infrastructure Management through Transportation network planning; - Urban and Rural basic services provision: Drainage, Water and Electricity planning; - Socio-economic facilities distribution planning,

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development of secondary cities and weak national coordination of the urban system have made sustainable CHAPITRE 1 : INTRODUCTION AND Table 1: Study Area: Shyorongi and Kinini Selected Urban Zones urbanization a key priority area for different national BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Sectors Cells Villages development policies and strategies, among others EDPRS 2 Shyorongi Bugaragara Kabaraza whose one of the five priority areas of economic Gatwa Nyarushinya 1.1 PROJECT BACKGROUND transformation is to Transform the economic geography of Gisiza Rwanda is characterized by low urbanization rate which is Rwanda by managing urbanization and promoting Kiziranyenzi starting accelerating resulting from Government initiatives. secondary cities through three high level objectives Gatimba Nyakaruri This has happened in a rapid and uncoordinated manner, (MINECOFIN 2013): Kigarama meaning that social services and employment opportunities Mbogo Bukoro Kinini_Mbogo  Integrated development planning and management; were lagging behind. Karindi  Develop secondary cities as poles of growth; and Rusiga Kirenge Kinini_Rusiga Kigarama Therefore Rwanda has committed itself to reaching very  Developing financing and supply options for Gako Kabunigu ambitious targets in urban development with the vision to affordable housing Rwintare supports the City of Kigali and Districts for better promotion Source: Field Visit, the Team, 2014 It is with the objective of ensuring a controlled and of sustainable urban development through the provision of coordinated urbanization that the Government of Rwanda; This Project is aiming at setting the roadmap within these tools for urban planning (master plans, local development through the Ministry of Infrastructure (MININFRA), and areas that capture the ideals and aspirations as established in plans, etc.). Rwanda Housing Authority (RHA) whose mission is to the vision 2020 and EDPRS II that quantifies the actions to be The country will develop basic infrastructure in urban implement the National Housing, Urbanization, construction undertaken in the short and medium terms regarding centers and in other development poles, enabling the and Government Assets management; has launched a series urbanization and housing development sector.

decongestion of agricultural zones. The proportion of those of Districts' Local Urban Development Plans as well as their This Project responds well to a new urban, housing and living in towns and cities was estimated at 17% in 2012 and it implementations strategies. settlement strategy by putting in place actionable steps that is expected to increase up to 35% in 2020 (from 5% in 1995 will guide, regulate and control land use development in the The project of developing “Detailed Implementation Study and 10% in 2010). (MINECOFIN 2000) area. It should be noted from the start that the area is for Shyorongi and Kinini Physical Urban Development surrounding the City of Kigali towards its western direction Urbanization in Rwanda is being addressed as a new sector Plans” aims at establishing and providing a comprehensive and all proposals should take cognizance of this fact. While because of its importance in economic transformation and and inclusive Physical Detailed Development Plans and its looking at the selected areas we have also considered the moving to a high productivity economy. Implementation Strategy for the following selected areas main issues that affect the Socio-Economic Development of covering sectors and cells summarized in the following table Increasing income segregation and over-concentration in Rwanda as captured by the main policies Kigali, regional imbalances due to the small size and limited 1.1.1 Rwanda Vision 2020 and EDPRS

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These two policies are closely related. Vision 2020 is long  Waste water management which notes that drainage and Rwanda. Building code on the other has definition and term whereas EDPRS II sets the steps to achieve the vision. waste water disposal is the most used within the Study usage of various building terminology to help guide The main policy areas that are captured are Areas of Shyorongi and Kinini Urban Centers while the building environment in the country. majority of used toilets are below required standards. 1.1.2 Infrastructural Development 1.1.5 Condominium Law The above is summed up in EDPRS II human settlement  Land use management which recognizes shortage of Land The law recognizes the fact that Land is scare and it will not policy that breaks down each component and how to tackle in the country and hence the need for optimal use be easy to provide every citizen with a piece of land to own each of them to ensure economic and social development. but every citizen is entitled to a decent living place and  Urban Development which recognizes the rapid increase 1.1.3 National Urban Housing Policy, National Land Use secure tenure. This law develops ownership of apartments. in urban population and hence the need for social services master Plan and creation of opportunities for all 1.1.6 Government 12 Year Basic Education While the National Urban Policy identifies the Constraints  Transport which notes Rwanda as a landlocked country The success of the 9 year basic program led to the and challenges in the sector it also highlights key public and hence the need for an affordable means of transport development of 12 year program for that allows young interventions within the framework of the urbanization using railway and a new airport that will serve as a regional Rwandan to study free up to 12 years in school. process so as to constitute the urban structures at national hub and provincial level, to improve urban management, 1.1.7 Rulindo District Development Plan 2012-2017  ICT which notes the need to connect all administrative control development, and the spatial expansion of cities, Rulindo DDP captures the period 2012-2017 and it builds on and secondary schools within the country while increasing particularly urban centers using effective planning tools. second generation EDPRS so to develop inclusive socio- the penetration of mobile telephony This cannot be overemphasized especially in relation to the economic transformation. development of the study area.  Energy which recognizes that the majority of the 1.1.8 Road act population still use biomass while foreign reserve is used on National Land Use Master Plan (NLUMP) on the other hand oil importation and hence the need to tap into the and in relation to the current project is the Integrated Highlights the standards to be used in developing and hydroelectricity, methane gas as well as other alternatives Development Programs (IDP) for the district and highlights designing roads and road reserves for the categories of roads like solar or photovoltaic sources the steps and requirement of preparing, managing and developed in the country. This will be a major consideration evaluating it in cyclic format. in this project since in developing land use plans  Water which recognizes its abundance and the need to use infrastructure takes the largest share of land use. it for both domestic and agricultural use in order to meet 1.1.4 Urban Planning and Building Law international status of 20 liters per person per day in rural 1.2 OBJECTIVE AND SCOPE OF THE STUDY Law N°24/2012 of 15/06/2012 relating to the planning of areas. The development of “Detailed Implementation Study for land use and development in Rwanda which develops Shyorongi and Kinini Urban Centers in Rulindo District” guidelines for Land use, zoning and how to manage land in

Final Report 11 Uram Int’l, Natubri Ltd & Ruka Enterprise Ltd IMPLEMENTATION STUDY OF THE LOCAL URBAN DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF RULINDO DISTRICT [SHYORONGI & KININI URBAN AREAS) will attract development within the area which if not control Considered as medium and high density use for the Study • Develop Priority Projects (at least one within each Sub will lead to sprawl, congestion hence social challenges due to Area and its environs, it was also predicted for the following: Area Plan within Shyorongi and Kinini Urban its proximity to the City of Kigali. Centers)  To cater for low and medium income sections of the • Develop planning scenarios for the priority projects; Problems associated with shortage of land, a fast society through provision of social and affordable mid- • Undertake feasibility analyses, site assessments, and urbanization, the rise of informal settlements within cities range housing Environmental Impact Assessments for the priority and those stemming from the need to protect the  Creation of urban mixed use urban fabric with provision projects; environment are a reality. of productive retail and commercial space • Prepare Subject Plans which show the detailed As envisaged in the project the main objectives include the implementation of roads and all other public utilities, Creation of system of sub centers each with its own identity following: i.e. potable water, sewage, electricity, and features telecommunication.  Create a solid base map data via field surveys so as to  Provide workplace and opportunities for enterprise • Alternative infrastructure supply concepts should be define and identify the natural topography of the study area development for local and wider relevance explored and proposed, and the optimum alternative  Create a comprehensive urban and spatial shall be developed in detail;  Provide adequate public space and green environs development plan which: • Develop estimative costing for the Priority Project

o Organizes the spatial composition of the urban  Adequate internal connectivity and connections foreseen Plans; and fabric; within the regional context as well as future development 1.3 SCOPE OF STUDY o Upgrades and prevents informal settlement; within the region. The tasks to carry out the design of the detailed physical o Protects and promotes ecological zones;  Provision of social amenities and physical infrastructure plans (implementation study) in each of Shyorongi and o Organizes transport network; services Kinini Urban Centers in Rulindo District will include the o Creates business opportunities by providing a following: rich flexible mix of land use development;  Integrate with sustainable eco-friendly initiatives. a. Economic Development Assessment: As a baseline to  Put in place consultative process which accompanies For the purpose of having proper and comprehensive all physical planning, economic projections and the elaboration and implementation phases and provides a detailed plans, more specifically the Project will: strategies should be developed for the region monitoring and evaluation mechanisms to the stakeholders • Develop Detailed Layout Plans (Town surrounding and including the study area. These  Create visual output for marketing purposes in order Implementation Plans) of the project details that should be based on the district/local, national and to assist in raising funds for the implementation of the Study ensure a rational exploitation of the chosen sites for regional economic development strategies, as well as Area. immediate district town interventions; emerging and projected economic patterns in the region, distinguishing it for its unique opportunities

Final Report 12 Uram Int’l, Natubri Ltd & Ruka Enterprise Ltd IMPLEMENTATION STUDY OF THE LOCAL URBAN DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF RULINDO DISTRICT [SHYORONGI & KININI URBAN AREAS)

and constraints. This should be a substantial element required broader vision of the overall urban mobility Development Master Plans, District Development Plans, that will inform the accuracy of the existing planning framework prior to undertaking the District existing Sub-Area Plans/Layout Plans, existing or ongoing and any revisions to be made. In addition to Transportation Planning and development. This will feasibility studies and plans for Provincial/District projections, there should also be an estimation of facilitate the linkage between land use and transport Industrial Parks, policy documents at national, sector and annual demand for various uses over the next 10 in order to promote sustainable urbanization and a local levels and other existing documentations deemed years. This includes: commercial (both office and low carbon economy as advocated by the relevant. retail), residential in strata to be defined, industrial. Government of Rwanda A new key policy development of the EDPRS II is Green This is not a full market study, but should be detailed e. Zoning and Development Control – this includes Economy Development. It is crucial that urbanization plans enough to inform municipal planning decisions, development and proposal of zoning and and projects should focus on developing the Green Economy capital improvement plans, and stimulate confident development control regulations which will be the and demonstrating sustainable development elements and investment in different property development sectors. medium for implementing the planning proposals. guidelines. Not only should green guidelines be b. Vision and Concept Development: Noting the fact incorporated into the urban design, but also the green that the District of Rulindo, more specifically f. Implementation Plan – this includes proposal of the economy should be considered and supported in all Shyorongi and Kinini are new important urban development phasing plan, capital improvement development proposals. centers, the process of formulating the visions for plans for infrastructure and public sphere land these urban centers as well as involving the goals, acquisition, and implementation strategies for the 1.4 REPORTING AND DELIVERABLES objective, strategies and recommendations which will start-up/priority areas of the city master plans. Regarding the reporting process, the Detailed Physical Plans help achieve their visions is a task to consider. for the implementation study of Shyorongi and Kinini Urban i. Public Participation Meeting – this includes public Centers in Rulindo District will entail the following three c. Urban Design Development – this include exhibition, presenting the structure plan and reports: development of the selected planning concept options urban design concept options and project – Inception and Diagnostic Report into a detailed local urban development plan, which proposals to the stakeholders for feedback. – Interim Report: Draft Final Report would form the base for infrastructure planning, j. Capacity Building - proposed methodology must – Final Report marketing and implementation. achieve maximum integration of designated urban 1. Inception and Diagnostic Report d. Infrastructure Planning – this includes detailed and spatial planning and infrastructure staff into the The Inception report was the first delivery which was development of the schematic proposals for transport project either part or full time. completed and submitted to the client for approval. The and infrastructure. The detailed physical Most importantly the detailed physical plans for Shyorongi inception and diagnostic report was approved to allow the plans/master plans must as well have a well and Kinini Urban Centers in Rulindo District must have a consultant team to move to the next phase of “Interim elaborated component of infrastructure and transport direct linkage to the already exiting National Land Use and Report/draft Final report”. The inception and Diagnostic planning at the urban/town level to ensure the Development Master Plans, ongoing District Land Use

Final Report 13 Uram Int’l, Natubri Ltd & Ruka Enterprise Ltd IMPLEMENTATION STUDY OF THE LOCAL URBAN DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF RULINDO DISTRICT [SHYORONGI & KININI URBAN AREAS) report was containing the reports which mainly comprise of o Integrate with cadastral land tenure data from o Hydrology tasks which may include but not limited to the following: National Land Centre o Flood plain/wetlands o Information gathering from Ministries and o Soils Site Reconnaissance and inception: stakeholders o Forests/plant material • Physical description and understanding of the study o Base data collection and analysis: Guidance to o Biodiversity and fauna area (relief, climate, soil, forest and environment, Shyorongi and Kinini Urban Centers in Rulindo o Summary Ecological and Environmental mine and quarries, watersheds, land pressure, etc.); District Planning and Engineering staff to support Conditions • Settlement structure: urban (existing zoning, informal during bulk collection. a. Socio/Econ/Institutional Analysis

settlement and housing typology), and challenges of o Base data entry and the preparation of existing o Socio/ Economic research and data: gather all urbanization; rural grouped and scattered settlement. conditions maps. existing available data and determine additional • Existing basic social infrastructure and transportation data requirements. Consider new census data. Reviewing existing Developments with Town Master Plan / network (education and health services, sanitation o Socio/cultural analysis of existing population Local Urban Development Plan Directives facilities, drainage system, storm water collection and o Institutional analysis: donor, civic, use, electricity, road network, etc.); The review and analysis of existing conditions and financial/economic, regulatory frameworks that • Reviewing existing urban planning tools and District opportunities/constraints in relation to the existing Master will form basis of implementation Plan/Local Urban Development Plan directives and the development documents available o Real Estate Market Analysis: residential, • Data Collection and Evaluation of Available Plans, National Land Use Development Master Plan, which was commercial/retail, administrative elaborated after the former, may be necessary. This activity Maps and Data: plans for additional data collection if o Cultural Heritage Survey may also consist of, but not limited to the following: needed o Maximum utilization of Planning/Infrastructure • General Local Area Surveys and Typology Staff through into planning process (GIS, Planner, Land Use Planning Mapping/Zoning (including photo inventory) Urban Designer, Socioeconomics data staff) • • Base Mapping/Digitization of Base Maps/Complete Land Use Survey • Opportunities and Constraints Analysis GIS system that will maximize future planning and plan o Existing land use and program mapping with field Transportation / Infrastructure Planning review and Integrate seamlessly with Construction verification and GIS data Permitting MIS. o Existing site conditions field verification: includes • Mapping, GIS and Database development of existing population analysis roads and utilities, existing transportation and o GIS framework and future integration with MIS Photo/video inventory of study area infrastructure plans system o GIS training of Rulindo planners/engineers and o supervision of base map digitization • Mapping Approved and Planned Developments • Mapping Transportation and Infrastructure • Ecological and Environmental Analysis Institutions o Integrate existing Aerial/satellite photography and Topography compilation o Geology

Final Report 14 Uram Int’l, Natubri Ltd & Ruka Enterprise Ltd IMPLEMENTATION STUDY OF THE LOCAL URBAN DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF RULINDO DISTRICT [SHYORONGI & KININI URBAN AREAS)

• Existing, Planned and Projected Infrastructure Needs • Incorporate Public Participation and its adaptable In addition/relation to the content of detailed layout plans (based on input from planned development, and recommendations into Existing Conditions/ mentioned above, this comprehensive report will be other inputs (mapped and tabular) Opportunities and Constraints Analysis. expected to entail (but not limited to) to the following other • Extensive stakeholder engagement with District closely related components: The methodological approach to be used can range from authorities, District One Stop Centre staff, consultation meeting sessions with the stakeholders, • Proposed Town Transportation Plans with: Department of Transportation and Infrastructure, beneficiaries and the community, sampling, use of o Preliminary development of transportation modeling RTDA, other regional transportation related donors questionnaire for data collection of socio-economic survey, for decision making (World Bank, African Development Bank, etc.). secondary data collection and review techniques (policies, o Plan of distributed Transit Oriented Development Maximum utilization of Infrastructure Staff through legislation, existing plans, existing studies, maps, aerial (TODs) and multi-modal transit centers, ToDs concepts; insertion of at least 2 engineering and urban/land use photos, etc), delineation of the study area, field visits and locations plan; Future multi model Auxiliary transit planning staff into planning process in each District is other data collection techniques, etc. facilities if needed (rail road network, inclines, gondolas, necessary tunnels); Pedestrians system standards and • Transportation Opportunities and Constraints 2. Interim Report: Draft Final Report Overpass/underpass locations; Logistical Hubs • Close coordination with District Land Use Planning The second delivery was completed, submitted and o Roads and public transit facilities (location and Team presented to stakeholders for inputs and comments to allow scope);Conceptual Road Hierarchies, Standardized Right Public Participation Process the formulation of the final report. The draft Final report of Ways (ROWs) and proto-types, circulation options, consists of comprehensive Detailed Physical plans to support specialized integration with Drainage and non- • Help prepare presentations and collaborate with the easier implementation of the revised Town Master Plan automobile transport; Corridors and Network Plan ; District authorities and One Stop Centre staff in initial after updating the findings of the previous phase according Non-Motorized Uses system; Accessibility standards for communications strategy, designed to inform public to the feedback from the review phase. sidewalks, pedestrian ways and public transit facilities; and solicit Citizen Committee members for Lighting and other streetscape standards/design participation throughout project. At this stage, given the basic content and information guidelines (landscaping and signage) by zone or road • Visioning and Goals/Objectives Consultation already gathered from the previous phase (preliminary hierarchy (with emphasis on energy conservation and Meetings with beneficiaries/stakeholders to be held report), the consultant was able to develop more detailed dark sky concepts) in locations approved by District authorities. designs with detailed physical sub-area plans, layout plans o Delineation of infrastructure corridors and typologies • Oversee/collaborate with beneficiaries and other and priority project proposals for the specific study areas o Transportation Capital Improvement Plan (strategic stakeholders during data gathering, input, and identified in the table above. The phase consisted of the plan in 5 year increment from base year to be refined as analysis - Community GIS and Community Visioning following task orders: necessary) Design can be approaches to use • Detailed Physical/Layout Plans (1:5000-1:1000):

Final Report 15 Uram Int’l, Natubri Ltd & Ruka Enterprise Ltd IMPLEMENTATION STUDY OF THE LOCAL URBAN DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF RULINDO DISTRICT [SHYORONGI & KININI URBAN AREAS)

• Land Use/Circulation options & Schematic plans for • Infrastructure schematic plans and guidelines for o Implementation and Phasing - a phased each sector layer by layer (1:5000-1:1000 appropriate scale Storm water Drainage, Water, Sanitation and Power development with implementation strategies and range) systems sound financing

o Draft Programs/Spread sheets: Population, land use, • Major common utilities location plans (Power cabins, o General Environmental Impact Assessment of development programs, densities water supply reservoirs (up to cell level), Waste priority project areas

o Town Centers/Neighborhoods water/Solid waste collection/treatment o Cost estimations of the projects and phases o Introduction of exemplary residential typologies for point/plant/systems (at cell level) (Expropriation, cost scenarios, bills of quantities, various densities • Zoning plan: One layer which includes all land uses implementation schedule/timetable, financing

o Urban Restructuring Site Scheme (if applicable) with (integrated overall layout of the various sites in plan mechanisms, guidance for public and private sector context layer by layer, using a 1:2000 scale; and illustration) for the study area investment),

o Urban Resettlement Site Scheme Plans (if any) with • Detailed Urban Design o Refer to 4.2 above for additional clarity and context layer by layer, using a 1:2000 scale; guidance information o Detailed Town Centre/Neighborhood Urban o Civic Uses including community facilities and Design Plans for at least 2 focus sites at 100 Ha in • 3D massing models, image studies/sketches for services each District town with plans noted above (1:2000 decision making

o Greenway/Public parks/Open Spaces/Preservations scale) • District One Stop Centre staff training/capacity Network Plan o Detailed geodetic Cadastral plans building Special Land Use reserves o o Phasing Plan of the development o Planning Process o Land Use Structure Plans and Zoning Framework o Indicative/summary Cost Estimate o All software: GIS to CAD; CAD to Illustrator; Plans in design, etc. Priority Projects for Specific Sub-Areas o Town Landscape Plans and Landscape Guidelines for o 3D /sketch up modelling software to be used integration with Construction Permitting procedures in the project o Proposed conceptual development o Identification of one major Town programs/projects at cell/neighborhood scale o Transportation modelling Centre/neighborhood of approximately 100 ha in at least focusing on stimulating urbanization linked to • Stakeholder Presentation of Draft Report Content for two (2) focus areas for urban design. economic development public participation and validation. • Detailed affordable housing typologies in plan, o With focus on available market demand as well o Draft Detailed Plan Proposals (Land use plans section and illustration indicating materiality and as consultations with stakeholders on priority at different scales , Land Use Zones, Town and construction proposals, a minimum of six recommended priority Neighborhood Centers, Affordable Housing • Zoning framework diagram (Zoning Density Studies projects, but at least one for each site, shall be Models) and Simulations and Zoning guidelines (in hardcopy developed further. These projects should focus on and GIS/CAD for MIS)) transforming the city’s socio-economy.

Final Report 16 Uram Int’l, Natubri Ltd & Ruka Enterprise Ltd IMPLEMENTATION STUDY OF THE LOCAL URBAN DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF RULINDO DISTRICT [SHYORONGI & KININI URBAN AREAS)

o Transportation and Circulation parties unable to read the whole/comprehensive report will Models/Plans(Bike and Pedestrian ways, be importantly required. transit, street/landscape/open space plans) This final report is escorted by the Terms of References for Infrastructure/drainage and public facilities o the immediate priority projects approved by stakeholders for plan urgent execution o Proposed Conceptual Priority Projects o 3D modelling /simulation, wall Graphics and sketches for decision-making District Town Planning and Development Publicity, Marketing and Visualization

The report shall be accompanied with a short (5-10miniutes) video demonstrating the vision and future development of this particular city for evaluation, publicity and marketing purposes

Using the materials (plans, designs, 3D models and simulations, images, graphics and sketches already proposed in this among other clips will be appropriate

3. Final Report:

This is the final report which encompass the revised and updated content/material of the previous both phases arising from the feedback and comments from the stakeholder consultations and validation workshops.

This final report integrates all plans (in Ao format) and be accompanied with all planning and urban design materials and training of District/One Stop Centre staff in above mentioned fields. An executive summary of the whole project study to guide authorities, investors or interested

Final Report 17 Uram Int’l, Natubri Ltd & Ruka Enterprise Ltd IMPLEMENTATION STUDY OF THE LOCAL URBAN DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF RULINDO DISTRICT [SHYORONGI & KININI URBAN AREAS)

the existing situation on the ground. Some of the key documents reviewed for this project are: : METHODOLOGICAL CHAPITRE 2  Rulindo District Development plan 2012-2017 APPROACHES AND DESCRIPTION OF STUDY  Rulindo Local Urban Development Plan (LUDP), 2012 AREAS  Strategic Transportation Master Plan 2013

This section is divided into two core components namely the 2.1.3 GIS Mapping, field observations and photographing

detailed methodological approaches using during carrying Using aerial photographs with resolution of 0.25cm per out the consultancy services on one hand and the detailed pixel, various maps were prepared prior to the study so as to description of the identified and selected study areas of provide location and other spatial information of Study Shyorongi and Kinini in Rulindo District. Area. As a spatial basis for the study, a GIS basemap was

ETHODOLOGY AND DATA COLLECTION developed showing the major public infrastructure and 2.1 M utilities e.g. roads, schools, hospitals, stadia, memorial site 2.1.1 Data Collection Techniques etc.

There are four main categories used for data collections The following pictures were taken during the field works/ during the period of inception and survey works as well as Data collection using tools of modern technologies secondary data review for sustainable development. These

were tools employed in this study, namely: literature review, Figure 1: Data collection from the field

GIS Mapping and photographing, interviews (household, official and key-informants) and consultative meetings and

focused group discussions.

2.1.2 Literature Review

To realize the objectives of this study, a review of the existing literature addressing the urban planning and land- Source: The Team on field, 2014 use issues of Study Area was conducted. A more comprehensive review of the existing Local Urban Other activities conducted at this stage included: Development Plan (LUDP) of Rulindo Urban Centers • Reconnaissance Survey

(Shyorongi and Kinini) was carried out to gain an insight • Transect walks and field observations into the various land-uses envisioned in the plan vis-à-vis

Final Report 18 Uram Int’l, Natubri Ltd & Ruka Enterprise Ltd IMPLEMENTATION STUDY OF THE LOCAL URBAN DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF RULINDO DISTRICT [SHYORONGI & KININI URBAN AREAS)

• Photographing various aspects of urban development and pass so as to allow us incorporate the Transit oriented Source: The Team on field, 2014 taking notes Development(TOD) 2.1.5 Household interviews • Overlaying developed base-map on the existing Local 2.1.4 Consultative meetings and focused group discussions. Urban Development Plan (LUDP) to compare proposed This was done to capture the socio-economic situation of the land-uses versus existing situation on the ground and Consultative process allows for the participation of all the selected sites as well as obtain a view from residents on the updating their context considering those changes occurred stakeholders so that the entire process is owned by the challenges the face in accessing of utilizing various facilities with time, residents and the community of Rulindo. Apart from the and services e.g. schools, hospitals, market, etc. • Generating DTMs and design of topographic maps to residents of the sectors of Shyorongi, Rusiga and Mbogo The technique employed in this study was interviews understand topography of the area whose cells are covered by the study it is also important to conducted using formal and informal methods, structured • Surveying using Geodetic GPS to collect data and verify incorporate the already mentioned stakeholders above. The and semi-structured questionnaires prepared at the information. following photos were taken during the consultation preliminary stage of the study. All these information aimed at achieving objective one of meetings held with local communities building a solid base map of the area via field survey in This involved the use of closed and open-ended questions to Figure 2: Community Consultation in Rulindo order to create the topography of the area. generate relevant and adequate data. To select households to

In order to accomplish this tasked various stakeholders were be interviewed, random sampling technique was used. The consulted among them, we met but not limited the principle behind this method is that each household within following: the selected sites had equal chance of being sampled.

 Rulindo District and concerned Sectors and Cells The underpinning goal of household interviews and where they provided us with the boundary of the consultative meetings is to make the planning exercise to be selected priority sites and how various services exist both inclusive and participatory. Participation in the boundary in order to allow smooth linkage development planning is a process of equitable and active  RDB where they help us understands the strategies to involvement of all stakeholders in the formulation of include in various sectors that will attract investment development policies and strategies and in the analysis, within the Study Area and around the study area planning and implementation, monitoring and evaluation of especially hotels, commercial parks, restaurants development activities (FAO, 2007). among others

 RTDA where we obtained the Rwanda Strategic The household-based questionnaires and interview were

Transportation Master Plan (RSTMP), the main routes to the used to acquire additional data on the current situation in airport as well as the part that the envisaged railway will the present study's priority areas. In addition to the random

sampling technique, the researcher used a Judgment

Final Report 19 Uram Int’l, Natubri Ltd & Ruka Enterprise Ltd IMPLEMENTATION STUDY OF THE LOCAL URBAN DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF RULINDO DISTRICT [SHYORONGI & KININI URBAN AREAS)

Sampling Technique, and the questionnaires were to the heads of households or to any other family member consultant team and District staff in activities of the project, administered to the total number of 280 households where thought to be better (more knowledgeable, willing) than such as measurement of photo-controls – ie, post aerial each administrative Village were given an average number others to respond to the questions; this was to prevent some photo to rectify captured images - using GPS, in a bid to of 20 questionnaires as provided in the following table erroneous results that would be provided by the foster exchange of experience, capacity building and transfer respondents due to different reasons such as: of knowledge. Table 2: Data collection and Sample size

Sectors Cells Villages Households  Lack of information about urban development tools; Our approach and methodology of working as professional Shyoro Bugara Kabaraza 20  Negative bias of the local population who perceive advisers imply: listening carefully to presentation of ngi gara Gatwa 20 wrongly the purpose of the questionnaire. (e.g.: those problems; trying to jointly identify possible solutions; and, Nyarushinya 20 who think the purpose of the research is land advising – with as objective arguments as possible - rather taxation); than imposing opinions, in a joint dialogue with those we Gisiza 20  Some local populations are extremely busy and may will be working with. Kiziranyenzi 20 well be indisposed to take time to answer to the Other important elements in capacity building will be questions. Gatimba 20 networking mechanisms, seminars, workshops and study A number of computer software namely SPSS and MS Excel visits. All activities will contribute to the development of Nyakaruri 20 were used to generate statistical and graphical information human resources within the field of land use management from those collected data; ArcGIS, AutoCAD Civil 3D, Kigarama 20 and development planning. ArchiCAD, Sketchup was used to produce engineering and Mbogo Bukoro Kinini_Mbogo 20 urban development features. The needs assessment plan will include a human resource

Karindi 20 development plan. In this work, we will build on a 2.1.6 Capacity Building participatory training and monitoring cycle. The following Rusiga Kirenge Kinini_Rusiga 20 The concept of capacity building within this project is photos are providing more information about the capacity Kigarama 20 concerned of sharing knowledge and experience and building exercises during the project progress

advising rather than imposing. Figure 3: Capacity Building and Team Spirit Gako Kabunigu 20 Capacity building is one of the most crucial factors for the Rwintare 20 success of the present project to prepare a Detailed Total 280 Implementation Study for Shyorongi and Kinini Urban

Source: Field Works, 2014 Centers in Rulindo District. This applies both to the

individuals and the institutions involved in the process. In form of interview, the close-ended and open-ended There is already on-going joint working between the questions from questionnaires were directed by the surveyor

Final Report 20 Uram Int’l, Natubri Ltd & Ruka Enterprise Ltd IMPLEMENTATION STUDY OF THE LOCAL URBAN DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF RULINDO DISTRICT [SHYORONGI & KININI URBAN AREAS)

It presents the project contextual background, scope and and business activities, formal and informal existing purpose, outputs and deliveries, as well as the reference economic activities, as well as financial’ institutions, etc.

policies and legal frameworks, institutional arrangements It describes the settlement structures and typologies, and the inception and Diagnostic-analysis activities and education and health infrastructures and facilities, electricity outputs and water infrastructures, as well as communication,

Chapter 2: Methodological Approaches and Description of commerce, tourism, cultural and sport, sanitation facilities the Study Area: (drainage system, storm water collection and use, electricity, etc.). It presents the methodology adopted by the consultant to

perform the work and also details the program structures, This chapter is also using a comprehensive SWOT analysis to Source: The Team, Field Work, 2014 including the consultation meetings, sampling tools provide with the key weaknesses, threats, issues and

2.2 REPORT WRITING AND REPORT STRUCTURE (questionnaires for socio-economic and infrastructure data challenges as well as strength and opportunities for coherent The report was being written as the project was taking collection), documentation (policies, legislation, existing urbanization, housing and land use for Shyorongi and Kinini progress. This is the final Delivery regarding Final Report plans, existing studies, maps, aerial photos, etc.), delineation Urban Centers in Rulindo District. It also addresses land which is considered as a strategic and planning tool, the of the study area, field visits, etc. ownership, improving the structures and spatial Report is conceived as an integrated basic document aiming organization of the settlements, environmental and financial This chapter is also presenting the detailed description of the at providing key elements for the Rulindo District issues and cross-cutting issues. study area by localization of Shyorongi and Rulindo Urban Development Partners and Stakeholders in the future. Centers in Rulindo District by a set of administrative, Chapter 4: Planning Principles and Identification of Priority Sites for Pilot Projects It presents an account of the context and methodology of the topographic and analytical maps. The chapter describes the It presents the potential area for the development of the study, analysis of key issues, challenges facing the district national, regional, district, sector, cell contexts of the study future urban center, the principles of planning, and provides urbanization process and proposed strategic and priority sites. with the key actions for improvement of infrastructures and actions to be achieved in Kinini and Shyorongi urban centers Chapter 3: Existing Situation and Socio-Economic Analysis proposes Priority Sites for quick interventions within in relation to the Government vision of the project objectives. This chapter describes the biophysical characteristics of the Shyorongi and Kinini Urban Centers. The document of Draft Final Report is responding to initial sites (geological, pedological, landscape, hydrology, It outlines the vision and rationale of updated detailed Terms of References (ToRs) provided by the Client and the biodiversity) and natural resources of the district and the planning tool for Rulindo District and more specifically for content is structured as follows: urban center study areas. Shyorongi and Kinini Urban Centers This Chapter provides the Detailed Planning Perspectives Chapter 1: Introduction and Background to the Study: It provides with demographic, health, education, including the zoning framework and guidelines for selected agricultural, industries, tourism and hotel industry, trade priority zones in Shyorongi and Kinini as well as priority

Final Report 21 Uram Int’l, Natubri Ltd & Ruka Enterprise Ltd IMPLEMENTATION STUDY OF THE LOCAL URBAN DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF RULINDO DISTRICT [SHYORONGI & KININI URBAN AREAS)

actions to be immediately undertaken. This chapter will be Chapter 8: Environmental Considerations more detailed within the next phase of the project and be The chapter is providing guidelines and basic principles of reported within the Draft Final Report. environmental conservation. It provides prevention Chapter 5: Plotting and Settlement Planning in Kinini and mechanisms for environmental safety by providing cases of Shyorongi Priority Sites probable environmental negative impacts, their mitigation This is a very important chapter dealing with human measures and project alternatives in other cases. settlement planning and development within the selected The report is ending with concluding remarks and Table 3: Study Area Description

priority sites of Kinini and Shyororngi. recommendations for the way forward of conducting the Sectors Cells Villages Site The chapter is providing more details about plotting next phase of project completion heading to writing the Final Shyorongi Bugaragara Kabaraza Shyorongi systems, size and regulations as well as proposals of housing Report. Gatwa Shyorongi

models accompanied with their cost estimates for future 2.3 DESCRIPTION OF THE STUDY AREAS Nyarushinya Shyorongi construction projects. The Study Area concerns two selected Priority Sites located Gisiza Shyorongi Chapter 6: Infrastructure Planning and Development in in Shyorongi and Kinini Urban Centers of Rulindo District. Kiziranyenzi Shyorongi Kinini and Shyorongi Priority Sites The selected boundaries, determined in close collaboration Gatimba Shyorongi The chapter is coming with detailed plans supported with between the Consultant Team, District representatives and Nyakaruri Shyorongi drawings and profiles related to basic facilities and Sector representatives are composed of three main sectors of Kigarama Shyorongi infrastructures to be developed with Kinini and Shyorongi Shyorongi, Rusiga and Mbogo from Rulindo district. Mbogo Bukoro Kinini_Mbogo Kinini Karindi Kinini priority sites. They include road networks, water supply, Rulindo District is one of four Districts composing the Rusiga Kirenge Kinini_Rusiga Kinini electricity connections, drainage systems, etc. Northern Province of Rwanda. Other Districts are Musanze, Kigarama Kinini Chapter 7: Implementation Challenges and Strategies of Gicumbi, Burera, and Gakenke. the Detailed Plan for Kinini and Shyorongi Gako Kabunigu Shyorongi The table below is providing more information about the Priority Sites Rwintare Shyorongi The seventh chapter is developing strategies for integrated administrative localization of the concerned areas, and coordinated implementation mechanisms based on existing challenges and opportunities. The intervention of other stakeholders including private and public sectors is also discussed within this chapter. Source: The Team, Field Work, 2014 The following set of maps are providing more information about the study area description and delineation of boundaries for the Priority Sites

Final Report 22 Uram Int’l, Natubri Ltd & Ruka Enterprise Ltd IMPLEMENTATION STUDY OF THE LOCAL URBAN DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF RULINDO DISTRICT [SHYORONGI & KININI URBAN AREAS)

Map 1: Localization of Rulindo District in Rwanda

Source: RNRA, NISR, Field Works, adapted by the consultant team, December, 2014

Final Report 23 Uram Int’l, Natubri Ltd & Ruka Enterprise Ltd IMPLEMENTATION STUDY OF THE LOCAL URBAN DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF RULINDO DISTRICT [SHYORONGI & KININI URBAN AREAS)

Map 2: Localization of Rulindo District in Northern Province

Source: RNRA, NISR, Field Works, adapted by the consultant team, December, 2014

Final Report 24 Uram Int’l, Natubri Ltd & Ruka Enterprise Ltd IMPLEMENTATION STUDY OF THE LOCAL URBAN DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF RULINDO DISTRICT [SHYORONGI & KININI URBAN AREAS)

Map 3: Urban Areas in Rulindo District (Shyorongi and Kinini)

Source: RNRA, NISR, Field Works, adapted by the consultant team, December, 2014

Final Report 25 Uram Int’l, Natubri Ltd & Ruka Enterprise Ltd IMPLEMENTATION STUDY OF THE LOCAL URBAN DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF RULINDO DISTRICT [SHYORONGI & KININI URBAN AREAS)

Map 4: Shyorongi and Kinini Urban Areas

Source: RNRA, NISR, Field Works, adapted by the consultant team, December, 2014

Final Report 26 Uram Int’l, Natubri Ltd & Ruka Enterprise Ltd IMPLEMENTATION STUDY OF THE LOCAL URBAN DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF RULINDO DISTRICT [SHYORONGI & KININI URBAN AREAS)

CHAPITRE 3 EXISTING SITUATION AND The District has 17 administrative Sectors, 71 Cells and 494 landscape surrounding the area make it very strategic for Villages (Imidugudu) with an estimated total population of socio-economic development. SOCIO-ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF SITES 288,452 of which 136,058 are males while 152,394 are females The Study Area is composed of the sectors of Shyorongi, 3.1 PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION OF THE STUDY AREA according to the population census results. Rusiga and Mbogo. It is located on the plateau with The physical description of our study area is involving Besides the three sectors of Shyorongi, Rusiga and Mbogo undulating topography surrounded on both sides by rivers vegetation, fauna and flora, soil, geology, land, water bodies, concerned by this study, other sectors are Base, Burega, and swamps in low lying. climate, precipitations, etc. Bushoki, Buyoga, Cyinzuzi, Cyungo, Kinihira, Kisaro, As stated above, the District of Rulindo is one of the five (5) Masoro, Murambi, Ngoma, Ntarabana, Rukozo and tumba. In order to appreciate spatial structure of the area, its Districts of the Northern Province of the Country. It is character and natural setting, there is need to understand its The surface area is estimated at 567 km2 and as per General situated to the South East of the Province, between 3005 of human history; the forms of the settlements, buildings and Census Results, NISR, 2012. This implies a population longitude and 2009 of latitude south and covering a surface spaces; its ecology and archaeology; its location, and the density of 509 per km2 with the average annual growth rate of 1337 Km2, routes that pass through it. within the last ten years (2002-2012) being 1.4%. It is surrounded of: The Context also includes people and individuals living in or The study areas composed of Shyorongi and Kinini Urban  North: Gicumbi and Burera District of Northern near an area and how communities are organized so that Centers are situated in Rulindo District. It is a 30 minute Province; citizens become real participants in the projected drive from the City of Kigali using the main national road  East: Nyarugenge and Gasabo District of the City of development. heading to Musanze. Kigali;  West: Gakenke Districts of Northern Province; The spatial structure of the Study Area is characterised by The study area chosen for this project covers an area of  South: Kamonyi District of Southern Province. both linear and dispersed settlement patterns. Due to the approximately 540 sqkm in the sectors of Shyorongi, Rusiga The District of Rulindo is potential to cassava, banana and relatively flat nature of the area and low vegetation most of and Mbogo. tea since the climate have restored since the District is the footpaths are wide enough and are motorable. Although there are connecting roads to side it is envisaged entirely planted with trees. According to the District Development Plan (DDP: 2013- that there will be more roads connecting these place to the The relief of the District of Rulindo is a succession of trays in 2018), Rulindo District is one of the five Districts that make main national road Kigali-Musanze. the heights subsided and whose altitude varies between up the Northern Province, others being; Gakenke, Burera, The Headquarters of Rulindo District are also nearby the 1520m and 1967m. Rulindo is also characterized by a set of Gicumbi and Musanze. The district is strategically located as selected priority sites, especially for Kinini Urban Center. carlings of Hills to the soft and middle slopes. the link to Rwanda's most touristic destinations of Virunga The strategic location of the Study Areas and their terrain in Musanze, Nyabihu, Ruhondo Beach in Burera and the The relief is also constituted of a succession of high plateaux fairly acceptable for construction projects as well as its Lake Kivu in Rubavu district as well as close to the country's with old mountains, hills and dry valleys and, by swampy proximity to Kigali as well as Nyabarongo River and capital city, Kigali. places, due to the downfall, tectonic.

Final Report 27 Uram Int’l, Natubri Ltd & Ruka Enterprise Ltd IMPLEMENTATION STUDY OF THE LOCAL URBAN DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF RULINDO DISTRICT [SHYORONGI & KININI URBAN AREAS)

Compared to the other regions of the country, Rulindo is  Season B is the one that a huge production come from meters of depth. The earth is sandy on the heights and characterized by a good moderate climate resulting of the and Rulindo citizens produce a lot in the season because the sometimes peaty and generally clayey in low lying areas due presence of mountains, due to relatively moderate altitude, rain is abundant during the period. to presence of water. Kaolisols with very minimum depth of the rains and without periods of drought. results mainly from accumulation of and cementation of iron The climate is not very dry during the sunshine period and oxides. The climate of the District is tropical where the temperature not very muddy during the cold season and rainy seasons. is in the order of 22o to 26o Celsius with the maxima of 26o in Due to steep slopes hilly and mountainous landscapes, 3.1.1 Hydrology 29o Celsius. The seasons are marked by an alternation of Rulindo District soil resources are predominantly composed rains and drought. The time of the year, the length and the The district has important water resources provided by of shallow lateritic soils formed above karsterit deposits or intensity of rains and the drought differentiate the rivers, local streams, ground waters and aquifer. The main gravel quarries (FAO/MINAGRI, 20071). appellations of the four seasons: rivers flowing across the District are: Base, Bahimba, Mulindi The field observations revealed six major units of soils, Cyonyonyo, Cyohoha, and Rukeri Muyanza.  The dry season so-called "Urugaryi" goes from according to FAO (19892) soil classification: January to the mid-March; They are overhung by great cliffs not fairly managed • Luvisols (Oxisoils, USDAI): they are found on the threatening them by important sediment deposits, coming  The season of rain called "Itumba" short of mid-March plateau and on up slopes of the watersheds. They from the watershed, especially during the rainy seasons. to mid-June; have variable depth, very often limited by the There are frequent floods during the rainy seasons, presence of laterite armor or hardened fine gravels  The season of drought "Impeshyi" covers the mid- especially from February to May, due to the river overflows which constitute serious constraint to agricultural June to the mid-October; and over their banks, causing important damage to crops development. Nevertheless, they are cultivated with  The season of the rains" umuhindo" starts mid- practiced in the lowlands. cassava, banana/plantain, coffee, etc. They are often October and finishes the December. eroded or threatened by water erosion induced by There are many small streams flowing from up hills down to agricultural activities. The agricultural period begins to the mid-September and the rivers and swamps (marshlands), during the rainy • Gleysols: characteristics of marshlands, lowlands season and which enhance erosion and land degradation expires with the first fifteen of that month of the following with seasonal flood, on the valleys and the process. This is a great agricultural opportunity, if the year. The agricultural seasons divided into A and B seasons. transitional zones with sand loamy to clayed texture, resources are well managed. massive structure and moderate to poor drainage. In  Season A is the one that goes from Mid-September to alluvial areas, they are very fertile with a high organic Mid-February it known for less rain but crops grows well 3.1.2 Relief, Soil and Geology and the production is abundant sometime. The soils comprise a set of dark shale’s with intercalation of quartzites. The outcrops are rare, small and often isolated, 1 FAO-MINAGRI, 2007: land and soil survey. Ministry of Agriculture, Rwanda. 98p the rocks being covered by a layer of change of several 2 : FAO,1989: Soil survey and evaluation, 159p

Final Report 28 Uram Int’l, Natubri Ltd & Ruka Enterprise Ltd IMPLEMENTATION STUDY OF THE LOCAL URBAN DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF RULINDO DISTRICT [SHYORONGI & KININI URBAN AREAS)

matter content reflecting good fertility. They are As for seism or earthquakes, records from US Geological never the less blessed with numerous and diverse breeds of mainly cultivated with rice and sometime with maize. Survey (2007) indicated that from 263 events (table 3) having birds ranging from crowned crane, ravens, waders, wagtails, • Lithosols: characteristic of hillsides with pronounced occurred in the past (until 2008) in Central and Northern doves, hawks, humming birds, sparrows, and many others. features of erosion and presence of laterite armor laid Africa sub-regions, happened within a distance of 500 km Reptiles like snakes, vipers, hares, jackals are also existent at the soil surface. They are often occupied by poor from the Northern province. Most of these earthquakes had within the district. shrubby and herbaceous savannah vegetation and are occurred in the Rift Valley, in the western borders with The savannas shrubs vegetation is the main type covering preserved forest or pasturelands. Burundi and Democratic Republic, such as the one in the grassy hills, acaciac, euphorbiacs and the cactuses make February 2008 which reached magnitude 6 on Richter scale. up most of the spiny bushes. In the swampy areas, the • Fluvisols: characteristics of the river and lake banks Rulindo District is mostly characterized by hills among dominant species is the "Cyperus" (Umunyeganyege) and low terraces where they are constantly inundated which include; Tare, Tumba and the Cyungo hills with their growing to a height of 4 to 6 meters. The swamps cover and renovated by colluviums deposits eroded from altitude rising to 2,438 m. These hills are interspersed by themselves with papyrus (Urufunzo). The main one in the the hills. valleys and swamps that also border rivers such as fauna include anteaters, the mice, a multitude of species, • Organic soils (Terric Histosols): they are found in the Nyabarongo, Muyanza and Nyabugogo. The valleys and there again birds live the bushes, the groves, the big trees. In marshlands and the edge of the lake. They differ from swamps such as Rugezi feeds lake Burera and in turn the lakes, the marshes and the Nyabarongo Rivers, the peat soils by the strong mineralization of the supplies the fall of Ntaruka in Burera district which is a Akanyaru and Akagera live the hippos, the Crocodiles, the organic matter, with an organic matter rate generally source of hydro energy to the country. This interweaving of turtles, the water birds, the ducks and the wild geese. higher than 3%. hills and valleys with rivers provides a beautiful and eye 3.1.4 Climate According to the District Development Plan for Rulindo catching scenery to both citizens and visitors. District (2013), the relief of the Northern Province is The climate of Rulindo Districts is mainly characterized by 3.1.3 Flora and Fauna characterized by rugged terrain composed of hills and two dry seasons and two rainy seasons which set out again mountains with high altitudes ranging from 1700 to 2438 m Natural forests in the District have taken a decreasing toll over all the year in the following way: a small dry season due to many factors key among them being human extends from mid-December at February a great season of Rulindo District landscape is characterized hills, mountain settlement and its related impact such as use of wood for rain extends from March in mid-June a great dry season chains and watersheds with medium to steep slopes in some cooking. The vegetation is largely composed of food crops extends from June until September and a small season of rain areas, separated by lowlands and valleys crossed by river with woodland eucalyptus of grevilea and Cyprus also co- extends from mid-September at December. Annual streams and swamps lands (marshes). They are covered by existing. It also harbors ferns, the elagrostis (ishinge), the precipitations reach 1400 mm; the temperature varies covered by forest, Savannahs and marsh vegetation on the latter being the sign of soil degradation. between 19o C and 29o C, according to the places and the hillsides and aquatic plants along the lakes and river season. streams. The district is also home to the ordinary domestic animal species although wildlife is on a lower scale. The district is

Final Report 29 Uram Int’l, Natubri Ltd & Ruka Enterprise Ltd IMPLEMENTATION STUDY OF THE LOCAL URBAN DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF RULINDO DISTRICT [SHYORONGI & KININI URBAN AREAS)

Rulindo District has a Tropical climate, characterized by a sand loamy, loamy or clayed. They constitute succession of rainy seasons and droughts. The dry season favourable locations for natural vegetation and usually extends from June to August and January to wildlife habitats. February while the rainy season normally stretches from September to December and March to May. The average • Lowlands: composed of various swamp areas annual temperature is 19 ° C. High temperatures are permanently and seasonally flooded colonised by observed in August where they reach 29 ° C in the middle of herbaceous vegetation and marshes. the day. During the rainy seasons, the district encounters • Transitional zones: comprised between lowlands and concentrations of mists in the valleys in the morning and on hillsides. They are characterized by a more or less flat the hilltops in the late morning. Rainfall normally reaches topography with gently escarpments. 1,243.3 mm per year on average • Hills and Plateaux: these are high altitude landscape There are two dry seasons: (i) June to August and (ii) with gently to steep slopes, generally covered by January to February and two rainy seasons: (i) September to forest vegetation and occupied by settlements. December and (ii) March to May. Land occupation types and areas were assessed and done 3.1.5 Landscapes features through Geographic Information System (GIS) processing and interpretation of satellite imageries and The project area is characterized by geological features, orthophotographs complemented by a field validation. especially made up of relatively soft rocks. The urban center areas is characterized by various landscape units inherited Eleven unit classes were differentiated based on their from geomorphologic phenomena which took place one specific soil surface features. Table 4 below provides with another and have marked the evolution of the area in Recent areas and percentage of each unit. Quaternary.

Their characteristics depend on their topographic position, types of their specific rock material and also environmental conditions. Major geomorpho-pedological units found in the project area are, inter alia:

• Valley: more or less narrower opened in certain areas and cut out by water streams. They are constituted of marshlands and dry lowlands. Their soil textures are

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Table 4:Existing Land Uses in Selected Priority Areas (Kinini and Shyorongi) Priority Sites/Area(ha) Land Use Type Shyorongi Kinini Total(ha) Residential High Density 43.62 14.78 58.41 Residential Low Density 16.27 7.90 24.17 Residential Medium Density 32.89 17.00 49.89 Apartment 5.52 1.50 7.02 Commercial 25.05 5.50 30.55 Market 2.06 2.06 Mixed Use 8.22 6.29 14.51 Hotel 8.96 8.96 Multipurpose Hall 1.55 1.55 Educational 14.43 3.96 18.39 Civic 1.44 0.78 2.22 Institutional 0.22 0.20 0.42 Religious 3.47 1.95 5.42 Health Center 1.08 0.61 1.69 Health Facility 0.20 0.20 Touristic Site 1.96 2.31 4.27 Arts and Culture 1.20 0.79 1.98 Genocide memorial site 0.67 0.67 Recreational 11.94 2.09 14.03 Open Space 2.51 2.51 Public Space 6.81 0.36 7.17 Parking 0.67 0.29 0.96 Artificial Lake 4.57 4.57 Cemetery 2.19 1.28 3.47 Fire Station 0.28 0.28 Green Space 25.01 13.31 38.32 Greening and Beautification 13.52 2.47 15.99 Light Industry 0.72 1.02 1.74 Wastes and Sewage Treatment Plant 0.64 0.64 Urban Agriculture 56.05 44.43 100.48 Forest 16.03 16.43 32.46 Wetland 6.84 6.84 Quarrying 1.90 1.90 Roads 73.72 42.55 116.27 Total 394.90 185.1 580.

Source: Compiled by the Consultant Team, 2014 The above table indicates that:

Final Report 31 Uram Int’l, Natubri Ltd & Ruka Enterprise Ltd IMPLEMENTATION STUDY OF THE LOCAL URBAN DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF RULINDO DISTRICT [SHYORONGI & KININI URBAN AREAS)

• human settlements (Residential and Agri-Residential) wagtails, doves, hawks, hummingbirds, sparrows, etc.),

are located within an area exceeding 40% of the total reptiles (snakes, vipers, etc.), others (rabbits (hares), jackals, Table 5: Cultivation Area of Main Crops in Rulindo District surface area in Shyorongi and Kinini Urban Centers etc.). Cultivated Area Rulindo National • agricultural lands, occupy more than 182 Ha Cultivated area (Ha) - 30,580 32,486.249 The following set of maps (See annex 2) are providing Season 2013A representing more than 35%% of the total surface area supporting information on physical description of the study Cultivated area (Ha) - 27,323 33,l941.79 for Shyorongi and Kinini Urban Centers; Season 2013B area, • forest, green spaces and woodlands cover more than Metric tons of maize produced (Season 2013 11,837 19,059.084 10% of the total surface area for Shyorongi and Kinini 3.2 EXISTING SITUATION AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC A+B) Urban Centers; ANALYSIS Metric tons of beans produced(Season 2013 19,812 12,057.912 Considering these above stated lands uses while mentioning A+B) 3.2.1 Primary and Secondary Sectors of Economic Activities residential, agriculture, forest and green spaces in total they Metric tons of Irish potatoes produced 38,388 80,165.158 are covering more than 90% whereas all other remaining a) Agriculture (Season 2013 A+B) In Rulindo, cultivated area for season A and B is smaller land uses are sharing only the 10% of the total surface area. Metric tons of fruits and than that cultivated on average at the National level. This vegetables produced 15,220 19,596.976 3.1.6 Vegetation and biodiversity (Season 2013 A+B) could be attributed to among several causes; the hilly nature

Shyorongi and Kinini urban center areas are characterized of the District which makes it difficult for it to be wholly with natural and plated forests and woodlands found cultivated as well as low levels of land consolidation. Source: District Potentiality Report, RLDSF 2013 located on the mountain slopes, interspersed with shrubby Other challenges include; Low agricultural output/yields, The area also in produces Coffee although it seems due to savannahs and agricultural lands in the western part of the limited distribution and marketing of agricultural products, continues drought the yield has dropped leading to District. Soil Acidity, Climate change, Limited research in agriculture, Low involvement of the private sector, High interest rates on abandonment. Serious problems facing food production in The planted forests are raised to rehabilitate eroded lands, loans charged to farmers to mention but a few. the area are not only linked to poor soil fertility due to soil using radical terrace system. The main species produced and The table below is summarizing those cultivated areas in acidity but also to extreme land fragmentation and very used for the plantations are Eucalyptus Spp., Acacia Spp., Rulindo District in comparison to the National Level of small scale agriculture production by families. Malkamia Spp., Alnus Spp., Vernunia Spp., etc. cultivated areas. The following photos were taken during field surveys to Marshes vegetation is very little with less than 1 ha and The majority of the population of the selected cells depends show some of crops in Rulindo District, more specifically in composed of specialized vegetation, such as Cyperus papyrus on agriculture which in itself is subsistence. They main crops Shyorongi and Kinini Urban Centers. and Echinochloa pyramidalis. include bananas, beans, cassava, beans, and maize and soya

There are also important fauna composed of various animal beans. species, such as birds (crowned crane, ravens, waders,

Final Report 32 Uram Int’l, Natubri Ltd & Ruka Enterprise Ltd IMPLEMENTATION STUDY OF THE LOCAL URBAN DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF RULINDO DISTRICT [SHYORONGI & KININI URBAN AREAS)

Figure 4: Crops Intensification in Shyorongi and Kinini generally, a low figure. In addition, not all these cows are high yielding breeds. More to that, the district currently has four (4) milk collection centers and only two (2) are currently operating thus the need to first operationalize the two that

are no longer functional and establish others to serve the district farmers effectively in order to raise their incomes.

b) Small Scale Industries

In Rulindo District, there are small scale industrialization activities especially oriented in processing farming crops at

first level, such as Nyarangarama Processing Units, Milk

collection Centers, small scale mining activities, etc.

What can be considered as light industry may not fit the description in this case of Rulindo District and more Source: The Consultant Team, Field works, 2014 specifically within those selected Shyorongi and Kinini

a) Livestock Urban Centers. Some those we have considered as light According to the District Development Plan of Rulindo industries include flour grinding plants, joinery and

(2013-2018), households with livestock are more likely to be quarrying.

without child malnutrition due to availability of milk and 3.2.2 Tertiary Sector of Economic Activities are more likely to have improved agricultural yields due to

cow dung fertilizers for instance. a) Commercialization and Banking

As per the animal stock taking conducted by MINAGRI, Commerce in Rulindo is less developed and linear 70,467 cattle, 51,532 goats, 29,088 sheep, 11,611 pigs, 64,791 commercialization activities are mainly developed along the

rabbits and 212,540 poultry were recorded in Rulindo main national road Kigali-Musanze. District. The increase in livestock productivity in the district According to the District Development Plan of Rulindo, the can be mainly attributed to the one cow per poor family commercialization of crop production as measured by the program. share of harvest sold in Rulindo district is 17.7% and 20.9%

However, 70,467 cattle in a district population of 294,000 at national level; the highest being Nyabihu district at 28% represent a ratio of one cow per four people which is and Nyarugenge district being the lowest at 10.8%.

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The mean share of harvest sold for fruit and vegetables (23.3%) is much higher than for staple crops (13.8%) in

Rulindo district compared to other districts in the Northern Province.

The following photos were taken during field surveys demonstrating those commercial building around the main roads

Figure 5: Trade Centers: Commercial Building Source: The Consultant Team, Field works, 2014

The banking sector in Rulindo District, more specifically, in Shyorongi and Kinini Urban Centers, boosts of vibrant

market centers that are growing at a faster rate. Apart from some small scale busy market there are a number of branches of the banking institutions like Banque Populaire

du Rwanda (BPR), GT Bank, Bank of Kigali (BK), a number

of Microfinances branches, Umwalimu SACCO, Umurenge SACCO and insurance companies. The following are some

photos taken in that regard.

Figure 6: Commercialization Business in Rulindo

Source: The Consultant Team, Field photos, 2014

According to the District Development Plan (2013-2018), more generally, Rulindo district has 17 Umurenge SACCO

Cooperatives with 29,220 as registered members. A

remarkable progress has been taken whereby the savings in

Final Report 34 Uram Int’l, Natubri Ltd & Ruka Enterprise Ltd IMPLEMENTATION STUDY OF THE LOCAL URBAN DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF RULINDO DISTRICT [SHYORONGI & KININI URBAN AREAS) these SACCOs have gone up to 312,246,482 Frw and the The site that has been selected for the study does not have 43km need to be repaired. Most of the feeder roads are credits offered have also reached 12,342,143 Frw. This is in any significant hotel but it boosts of very scenery that can hampered by continuous soil erosion due to the terrain addition to other Banks and Micro Finance Institutions attract tourist. nature of the district. operating in the district. A case in point is the Cultural Modern Centre (Museum) Transport is one of sensitive economic activities in Rulindo In this regard, the level of financial inclusion in the district which is under construction in Rulindo which means a lot in District, more specifically in Shyorongi and Kinini Urban according to the DDP Report is 67.8% implying 32.2% of terms of Rwandese Culture and surrounded by a scenic view Centers. exclusion. However, although this is slightly better than the and very good land for development of recreational touristic Residents engage in activities like local and inter-province provincial rate of financial exclusion at 33.7%, it is higher attractions. The following photos were taken from the bus transport motorcycle and bicycle. The existence of a than the national average of 28.1%. Museum well-established road network in the urban centers is a major Further still, it is worth noting that majority of the districts' Figure 7: Rulindo Cultural Modern Centre: Museum boost to players in this industry. Only one tarmac national citizens are farmers with less collateral and limited financial main road Kigali-Musanze is crossing the District others are literacy, therefore access to finance is still a challenge. unpaved roads and some of them in bad conditions as highlighted above. Ransport business is mainly supported The district is also mindful of the unlocking power of sby petrol stations which supply fuel to those motorized financial literacy and access to finance towards poverty transport means. alleviation, individual economic empowerment as well as overall national economic growth. The following photo was taken during field works in the same regard. It is against this that multiple strategies shall be undertaken not only in promoting financial literacy but facilitating individuals, cooperatives, SMEs and companies in the district to access finance at affordable interest rates and flexible repayment mechanisms. These will supplement existing initiatives that promote financial inclusion such as the VSLGs (Village Savings and Loans Groups) that is run by the district in partnership with CARE International. Source: The Consultant Team, Field Works, 2014 b) Tourism and Hotel Industries C) Transport business

The District Development Plan stated that the length of Rulindo’s road network is recorded at 717.2 km, of which

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Figure 8: Petrol station in Rulindo/Shyorongi As indicated within the table below, the monthly income of Figure 9: Level of income generation per month

the great portion of the population is less than 60.000 RwF/month, an indicator to be considered in each aspect of Monthly Income development plan of Rulindo District. 45 Table 6: Level of income generation per month 40 35 Level of income Number of Percent 30 per month Households age (%) 25 20 Percentage (%) Less than 30.000 76 25.5 15 10 5 30.001 - 60.000 111 45 0 Less than 60.001 - More than 60.001 - 90.000 62 17.7 30.000 90.000 120.000

90.001 - 120.000 22 8.8

More than 9 2.7 Source: The Consultant Team, Field Works, 2014 120.000 Source: Field surveys, 2014

b) Income generation by households Total 280 100 Considering the number of interviewed households of 180, Source: Field surveys, 2014 Residents living within the study area are relatively not very the participatory method of surveying could not be only limited to households but these interviews were extended to well in terms of monthly income generation ranging The following figure is providing more clarification while reach District and Sector authorities and technicians up to between 10,000 and 120,000 per month. comparing those intervals of monthly income generation local authorities at village levels and opinion leaders. The majority of household income for the population living within the study area (Kinini and Shyorongi) is less than Information collected during our field surveys and our

60,000 RwF which is below the absolute poverty line of 1 interpretations are presented in this document. USD (approx. 700 RwF) per capita per day. 3.3 DEMOGRAPHIC COMPOSITION AND ANALYSIS

This indicator is of great importance while setting the socio- This section is bringing in the report content the component economic development plan of this study area; it shows the related to existing social and economic features helping is financial ability of the dwellers to cope with different planning designs which are based on the real situation of the initiatives of development. study area.

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The purpose of Demographic analysis is to try to make there has been nearly over 50% increase in population thus move further upwards towards an alarming annual rate of possible higher living standards for the people living within density in the areas has also increased. 4%. the study area. One of the most striking features in Rwanda is the rapid It is important to note that population trends are not A raising standard of living means a growing ability to growth of the population. It has been estimated that Rwanda normally amenable to rapid change. The existing age afford both the material and non-material benefits which a had an estimated population growth rate of approximately structure determines to a significant degree, the growth modernized economy makes possible. For most people in 2.10% per annum in 2009 according to International pattern for the coming generation and beyond. At the time of Rwanda and Rulindo in particular, however, the first Monetary Fund 200 World Economic Outlook estimates, the 2002 census, the population aged less than 15 years requirements are more and better food, improved access to which is among the highest in the world. accounted for almost 42% of the total population. education and health care and more opportunity for gainful This compares with the 2002 growth rate of 2.76% per For example, it has been shown that even if Rwanda’s rate of employment. annum, where the total National population was 8,164,000 reproduction in 2010 would have fallen instantaneously to The socio-economic survey and analysis was conducted in people against the current estimated population of 10, the point where the existing population merely replaces order to assess issues pertaining to the sustainable 473,282 people. (Source: NISR, General Census, 2002) itself while mortality continues to decrease moderately, the development of Rulindo urban centers in order to population, would still continue to grow rapidly for the The major influences stimulating the accelerated growth rate understand current situation within the study areas. It seeks foreseeable future. The main explanation of this built-in in Rwanda and Rulindo in particular include a decrease in to identify the demographic, social and economic patterns, momentum for future growth is the extraordinary death rate, a sustained high birth rate and the youthful as well as the main socioeconomic activities, education, youthfulness of the present Rwanda population. structure of the population. Advances in public health health and sanitation issues in order to pinpoint main which has especially affected a decrease rate of infant and 3.1.1. Age Structure in Rwanda constraints and the driving forces enabling people a growing child mortality and due to the general effect of improved ability to afford themselves both the material and non- Age Per cent age living standards. material benefits and higher living standards. 0 - 14 42.1% The national birth rate, according to IMF world economic

outlook is estimated at 39.67 births per 1000 (2009 estimates), 15 - 64 55.4% This section is presenting those findings of the socio- continues to remain at a high level largely because of the economic survey, including assessment of infrastructures, 65 + 2.4% traditional views of the desirability of having many children. education, health and their respective challenges for the Source: NISR, General Census, 2012 development of the urban center. The increase in the birth rate could even be expected since there is still considerable scope for improvement of maternal The analysis of the demographical dynamics is part of the Comparing the population census 2012 and 2002 from NISR health. It can therefore be concluded that in the absence of socio-economic approach to characterize the distribution of it is clearly that apart from those concerned urban sectors, an effective population policy, the already high population the populations in order to facilitate the comprehension of growth rate of 3.5% per annum in Rulindo District may

Final Report 37 Uram Int’l, Natubri Ltd & Ruka Enterprise Ltd IMPLEMENTATION STUDY OF THE LOCAL URBAN DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF RULINDO DISTRICT [SHYORONGI & KININI URBAN AREAS)

the need for adaptation and integration of these populations It is however not the number of people as such that should in the study area. give cause of concern but rather the impact of the growing size of the population on living standards, income levels, The following age pyramid structure is providing more employment and the need for the provision of social and clarification about the specific demographic features for economic services. analysis purpose, The question is whether Rulindo District will be able to cope Figure 10: Age pyramid structure in Rwanda with the growing need for schools, health services and other public and social services and facilities and the rapidly increasing problem of providing productive employment for the adult population. The following map is coming with population distribution in Rulindo District,

Source: NISR, General census, 2012, Provisional Results In Rwanda, a glance at the pyramid above shows that people below 25 years of age represent 48.2% of the total District population, whereas the active population i.e. between 18 and 65 years of age has risen to 59%. These two factors constitute a positive opportunity for Rulindo District. The current very high population growth rate of District has far reaching implications for the future economic and social conditions in the District. It is therefore important to have an estimate of future trends of growth of the population so that a concrete basis for action to control the rate of growth and cope with its consequences can be established.

Final Report 38 Uram Int’l, Natubri Ltd & Ruka Enterprise Ltd IMPLEMENTATION STUDY OF THE LOCAL URBAN DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF RULINDO DISTRICT [SHYORONGI & KININI URBAN AREAS)

Map 5; Demographic Densities of Shyorongi and Kinini Urban Centers in Rulindo

Source: RNRA, NISR, The Consultant Team, 2014

Final Report 39 Uram Int’l, Natubri Ltd & Ruka Enterprise Ltd IMPLEMENTATION STUDY OF THE LOCAL URBAN DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF RULINDO DISTRICT [SHYORONGI & KININI URBAN AREAS)

According to the EICV3 survey results show that the total population of Rulindo district in 2010–11 was 294,000. Table 7: Population Distribution in the study area (Shyorongi and Kinini) This represents 16% of the total population of Northern The above table is providing more details about the Province and 2.7% of the total population of Rwanda. Sectors Cells Villages Site Population population from the study areas (Shyorongi and Kinini) for Females comprise 52.7% of the population of Rulindo Kabaraza Shyorongi 683 the analysis purposes. district. Gatwa Shyorongi 1156 Considering the fact that population projection within the Nyarushinya Shyorongi 798 The figure below (Age pyramid of Rulindo population) study area for 2022 and 2032 with low, medium and high Gisiza Shyorongi 831 shows that the majority is young with 82% of the scenarios ranging from 2.0% per to 3.0% per annum, this Kiziranyenzi Shyorongi 540

means: a Population aged less than 40 years old. Gatimba Shyorongi 653 Nyakaruri Shyorongi 342  Population Growth: High Rate 3.0% The total population of Rulindo District is estimated at  Population Growth: Medium Rate 2.5%

Shyorongi Bugaragar Kigarama Shyorongi 714 288,452 inhabitants (NISR, General Census, 2012). The  Kinini_Mbogo Kinini 468 Population Growth: Low Rate 2.0% conducted field surveys revealed that the concerned study Mbogo By projecting over a period of 20 years, from the last census Karindi Kinini 498 areas involving the sectors of Shyorongi, Rusiga and Mbogo Bukoro and taking into consideration three scenarios of high, have a total population of 5,859 Inhabitants as summarized Kinini_Rusiga Kinini 938 medium and low growth rate, by also taking into in the following table Kigarama Kinini 877 Rusiga Kirenge Kabunigu Shyorongi 861 consideration the migration movements in addition to Gako Rwintare Shyorongi 1120 natural population growth, we come up with sustainable Total 10,479 population projections which lead to proper planning basis Figure 11: Age pyramid structure in Rulindo District as demonstrated within the following table Source: Rulindo District, Field works, EICV3, Rulindo

District, 2013

Final Report 40 Uram Int’l, Natubri Ltd & Ruka Enterprise Ltd IMPLEMENTATION STUDY OF THE LOCAL URBAN DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF RULINDO DISTRICT [SHYORONGI & KININI URBAN AREAS)

Table 8: Population Project for Rulindo Urban Sectors Sectors of Population Projections (By growth Rate/ G R) Rulindo Population in 2012 per Population projections for 2022 Population projections for 2032 District Sector (Study Area) Low G R Medium G R High G R Low G R Medium G R High G R Shyorongi 22,800 45600 57000 68400 91200 142500 205200 Rusiga 17,238 34476 43095 51714 68952 107737 155142 Mbogo 10,743 21486 26856 32229 42972 67140 96687

Source: Field works, EICV3, Rulindo District, 2013

Table 9: Population Projection for the Study Area (Shyorongi and Kinini) Sectors Cells Villages Population Projections (By growth Rate/ G R) Population in 2012 Population projections for 2022 Population projections for 2032 per Village (Study Area) Low G R Medium G R High G R Low G R Medium G R High G R Shyorongi Bugaragara Kabaraza 683 1366 1707.5 2049 2732 3415 4098 Gatwa 1156 2312 2890 3468 4624 5780 6936 Nyarushinya 798 1596 1995 2394 3192 3990 4788 Gisiza 831 1662 2077.5 2493 3324 4155 4986 Kiziranyenzi 540 1080 1350 1620 2160 2700 3240 Gatimba 653 1306 1632.5 1959 2612 3265 3918 Nyakaruri 342 684 855 1026 1368 1710 2052 Kigarama 714 1428 1785 2142 2856 3570 4284 Mbogo Bukoro Kinini_Mbo 468 936 1170 1404 1872 2340 2808 go Karindi 498 996 1245 1494 1992 2490 2988 Rusiga Kirenge Kinini_Rusig 938 1876 2345 2814 3752 4690 5628 a Kigarama 877 1754 2192.5 2631 3508 4385 5262 Gako Kabunigu 861 1722 2152.5 2583 3444 4305 5166 Rwintare 1120 2240 2800 3360 4480 5600 6720 Total 10,479 20958 26197.5 31437 41916 52395 62874 Source: Field works, EICV3, Rulindo District, 2013

Final Report 41 Uram Int’l, Natubri Ltd & Ruka Enterprise Ltd IMPLEMENTATION STUDY OF THE LOCAL URBAN DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF RULINDO DISTRICT [SHYORONGI & KININI URBAN AREAS)

resources required for their upkeep, education and good more information in this regard. (Annex 2: Maps proposed During our field surveys, those selected households within health, it will have hardly any impact on the size of the electricity network) the study area were captured from the concerned sectors of labour force. The need to find gainful employment for a Shyorongi, Rusiga and Mbogo. Figure 12: Electricity Distribution within the Study Area vastly increased number of job-seekers will remain.

The high growth rate illustrates some of the structural Existing education and health facilities should be increased implications in terms of their significance for variables such to comply with those population projections. Energy and as school-age population, potential labour force, land Water Supply productivity and urbanization.

Due to the mainly subsistence form of agriculture that is Under the higher projection the number of school-age practiced in the area of Shyorongi and Kinini Urban Centers children will almost equal today’s entire population and in Rulindo district, most people use biomass for most of the there will also be more people of pre-school age compared to cooking services. the current population. No matter how the government has done a commendable The existing conditions for schools in Rwanda and more Source: Taken by the Consultant team, Field Surveys, 2014 job in the rural electrification as well as alternative sources of specifically in Rulindo District, school system is already which include Biogas as well as solar energy, the main Table 10: Technical Specifications are identified strained and to provide for a school-age population larger source of energy is the forest seeking for cooking materials. Supply source 30KV than the present one would make it more difficult to attain Voltage level 220/400V the goal of universal primary education. The Government of Rwanda has make good step in Length of the line 4.375 Km providing electricity to Rulindo district especially for It should be realized that in Rulindo District, the larger the Shyorongi and Kinini Urban Centers where quick Type of line Overhead number of children that are born, the heavier will be the development projects are taking place. Type of poles Concrete and Towers burden on the working population i.e. under the high Type of Conductors AI/AC 70/12mm2 On portable water the district has the same challenge like projection the dependency ratio (the number of children and Type of transformer 30/0.4KV250 KVA old people that must be supported per 100 people of many other districts. Despite major effort undertaken by the Table 11: Total length of low, medium and high voltage productive age would rise. Under conditions of declining government to install water points and in spite of the many tanks that are found in the area of Kinini and Shyorongi Nº Site Low Medium High voltage fertility, however, the dependency ratio will decrease Voltage Voltage in Km in Km moderately placing less strain on the working population. urban areas, they do not have water and in fact the residents Shyor 69.841 14.113 2.815 say that water should be a priority in any future 1 ongi Thus while a major reduction in fertility between now and development. He following photos was taken from the study 2 Kinini 27 8.3 1.56 the 2020 will reduce the number of children in the areas during our field surveys for the purpose of providing Total 96.841 22.413 4.375 population with all the attendant consequences for

Final Report 42 Uram Int’l, Natubri Ltd & Ruka Enterprise Ltd IMPLEMENTATION STUDY OF THE LOCAL URBAN DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF RULINDO DISTRICT [SHYORONGI & KININI URBAN AREAS)

Table 12: Power distribution within the Priority site areas This provides an opportunity of connecting the site with an Name Num Quantit Dairy Powe Power existing road and hence serves the residents very well. of the ber y of power r transform site of power demand trans er of plots require per 10 form 500KVA Internal road networks though not tarmac (Unpaved Roads)

d in people er of are generally in good condition and need more and regular KVA 250K VA maintenance. Shyoro 821.7 3KVA 2 3 2739 ngi The following tables and photos was taken during the field Kinini 1013 303.9 3KVA 1 1 Total 3752 1125.6 3 4 surveys to provide more clarification of existing conditions

Figure 13: Water Tanks in Kinini urban center for roads networks and road status as well as the distribution of other infrastructure and basic services within

the priority sites

Source: Taken by the Consultant team, Field Surveys, 2014

3.3.1 Road Network

In Rulindo district, specifically in Shyorongi and Kinini Urban Centers, the main national road Kigali-Musanze- Rubavu passing through the District to the Border with the

Democratic Republic of Rwanda.

Final Report 43 Uram Int’l, Natubri Ltd & Ruka Enterprise Ltd IMPLEMENTATION STUDY OF THE LOCAL URBAN DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF RULINDO DISTRICT [SHYORONGI & KININI URBAN AREAS)

Table 13: Plots Distribution-Detailed plans Category Shyorongi Site Kinini Site Plots number Expected Population Plots number Expected Population Low density (20x30) 1116 6696 338 2028 Medium density (20x25) 761 4566 366 2196 High density (15x20) 267 1602 131 786 Mixed Use 320 6400 120 2400 Commercial 96 4800 0 0 Apartments 179 1074 58 348 Total 2,739 25,138 1,013 7,758

Table 14: Quantities of water required per day by site referring to numbers of plots. Shyorongi Site Kinini Site Category Expected Population Quantities of water Expected Population Quantities of water per day. required(L/day) per day. required(L/day) Low density (20x30) 6696 133920 2028 40560 Medium density (20x25) 4566 91320 2196 43920 High density (15x20) 1602 32040 786 15720 Mixed Use 6400 128000 2400 48000 Commercial 4800 96000 0 0 Apartments 1074 21480 348 6960 Total 25,138 502,760 7,758 155,160 Table 15 : Water tank required by site referring to the quantities of water required.

Water tank Water tank of Quantities of water Water tank of Water tank of 25m3 Site of 300m3 150 m3 required m3/day 50m3 required required required required SHYORONGI 502 760 1 2 3 2 KININI 159 000 0 1 1 1 TOTAL 661 760 1 3 4 3

Final Report 44 Uram Int’l, Natubri Ltd & Ruka Enterprise Ltd IMPLEMENTATION STUDY OF THE LOCAL URBAN DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF RULINDO DISTRICT [SHYORONGI & KININI URBAN AREAS)

Figure 14: Tarmac National Road Kigali-Musanze Source: Consultant team, Field Surveys, 2014

There are roads for vehicular access in the sites selected to be

qualified as first priority but they are in bad conditions

whereas many of the existing houses don’t access to roads.

Road terracing and maintenance issues emerged as one of the crucial challenges to be considered during the phase of implementation works of this detailed study.

Road maintenance is associated with transport costs,

congestion and drainage. Rulindo district and government of

Rwanda at national level is responsible for opening up,

rehabilitation maintenance and creation of new roads within

the priority sites and their surroundings

Source: Taken by the Consultant team, Field Surveys, 2014

The following map shows existing and proposed road Figure 15: Unpaved Road in good condition networks within the study area of Shyorongi Urban Centers

(See annex 2)

Final Report 45 Uram Int’l, Natubri Ltd & Ruka Enterprise Ltd IMPLEMENTATION STUDY OF THE LOCAL URBAN DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF RULINDO DISTRICT [SHYORONGI & KININI URBAN AREAS)

Reference made to this table inserted above, more than 53% completed primary school, 21%

secondary school, and only 7.2% of the population interviewed doesn’t know to read or to

Table 16: Classification by site and category of road write. Length (Km) The following figure can provide more information and clarification in terms of comparison of Road Category Size Shyorongi Kinini those education levels National Roads 44m 9.02 4.68 Secondary Roads 12m 10.22 4.14 Figure 16: Education Level Bypass 12m 2.72 Access Roads 9m 72.21 27.08 Total 94.17 35.90 Summary for roads in the study area is Level of Education

Unpaved roads in 60 N Site Paved roads in Km Km 50 1 Shyorongi 9.02 82.43 40 30 2 Kinini 4.68 31.22 20 Tatal in Km 13.7 113.65 Percentage (%) 10

0

As shown on the set of maps presented within the previous maps, existing facilities were identified within the study areas of Kinini and Shyorongi. Among others we registered schools, health centers, churches, Water Tanks and Tap, Telecommunication Antenna, etc.

In terms of education level, the majority of interviewed households’ representatives have attended at least the primary level as shown in the following table Source: Field Surveys, 2014

Table 17: Level of Education 3.3.2 Drainage, Storm Water and Sanitation

Level of Education Number Percentage (%) Due to the nature of the terrain in the site and the climatic conditions serious runoff has high Illiterate 26 7.2 soil erosion during the rainy season which accelerated by the sandy nature of the soil. This Primary level 117 53.8 shows that there are environmental effects arising from run-off. Secondary level 68 21.2 Along the existing road network the drainage channels for runoff has been constructed to Artisanal/VTC 32 8.3 manage surface runoff hence storm water is at manageable levels. University 37 9.4 It should be noted that majority of the people still use pit latrines in rural areas whereas in Total 280 100 Shyorongi and Kinini urban centers every household uses a pit latrine or WC. There is no Source: Field Surveys, 2014 sewerage system at the area.

Final Report 46 Uram Int’l, Natubri Ltd & Ruka Enterprise Ltd IMPLEMENTATION STUDY OF THE LOCAL URBAN DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF RULINDO DISTRICT [SHYORONGI & KININI URBAN AREAS)

Good initiatives were undertaken by the government of Rwanda regarding storm water Even if good efforts are being made in terms of drainage in the majority of the priority areas as drainage as shown on the following photo taken within the study area highlighted above, some other areas have poor drainage system infrastructures as summarized within the following table regarding households’ accessibility to drainage system Figure 17: Storm Water Drainage Infrastructure Table 18: Accessibility to Drainage System

Drainage system Number Percentage (%) Access to Drainage 68 24.3 No Access to drainage 212 75.7 Total 280 100

Source: Field Surveys, 2014

Drainage is often poor and limited to major roads and pathways, the resulting floods make

deterioration rates very high and cause a rise in road maintenance costs.

Regarding the drainage system, there are not structures for channeling out the storm water and this cause the flooding. There is no open space planning in informal settlements.

3.1CURRENT STATE OF HUMAN SETTLEMENT

The entire Rulindo District, and more specifically the selected priority sites in Shyorongi and Kinini urban centers, is mainly characterized by rural setting housing patterns except the some modern housing patterns observed at a low level scale within urban centers which are located

in Shyorongi and Kinini urban centers near the national main road Kigali-Musanze or near

other major public facility like a health centre or school.

Lack of planned human settlements in these areas constitutes a big housing challenge to be addressed while implementing this study. Source: Field Surveys, 2014 However some areas in Shyorongi and Kinini are endowed with basic facilities where services

have been provided like electricity, water and markets have been constructed.

The population living within the study areas of Shyorongi and Kinini is mostly dispersed homestead and a low percentage is living in grouped homestead commonly known as the

Imidugudu. The factors that lead to the establishment of this kind of human grouped settlement by the Government are the provision of the infrastructure services and facilities to improve the living

Final Report 47 Uram Int’l, Natubri Ltd & Ruka Enterprise Ltd IMPLEMENTATION STUDY OF THE LOCAL URBAN DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF RULINDO DISTRICT [SHYORONGI & KININI URBAN AREAS)

standards of the population across all the sectors within the site such as access to water, Health

facilities, schools, Electricity and accessible roads. Map 6: Existing Housing Patterns in Shyorongi Urban Centre Due to the topography of the terrain most of settlements tend to follow long the contours forming a Ribbon-like pattern and also concentrate along the transport corridors manly along

roads as these are areas where most services are channeled through.

The characteristics have for a long time encouraged scattered housing most of which are free standing which hardly contributes to development of infrastructures for rapid and sustainable economy. The current vision is to change such scattered housing system in favour of agglomerated housing (Imidugudu).

The Government through MINALOC has already defined a number of sites by picking GPS coordinates for development of imidugudus which will be easy to supply with services. Housing patterns within Shyorongi and Kinini urban centers are demonstrated in details using the following maps.

Source: RNRA, NISR, the Consultant Team, 2014

Final Report 48 Uram Int’l, Natubri Ltd & Ruka Enterprise Ltd IMPLEMENTATION STUDY OF THE LOCAL URBAN DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF RULINDO DISTRICT [SHYORONGI & KININI URBAN AREAS)

Table 19:Construction Materials

Materials Number Percentage (%) 3.1.2. Existing housing typologies Wood &Beaten earth 53 16.2 The residents of Rulindo district and more specifically in Shyorongi and Kinini urban centers, Adobe bricks 139 57.8 Adobe and burnt bricks 44 15.5 have demonstrated great effort in improving their housing conditions as shown in the cement blocks 19 4.4 following photos taken from the study areas during our field works Burnt bricks 25 6.1 Total 280 100 Figure 18: Housing typologies Source: Field Surveys, 2014

The following figure is providing more information for comparison purposes

Figure 19: Construction Materials

60

50

40

30

20 Percentage (%) However, some challenge of informal houses characterized by dilapidated houses, lack of 10 access roads and poor drainage and sanitation still remains a challenge. 0 Wood Adobe Adobe cement Burnt Considering the responses from the field surveys conducted within the study areas (Shyorongi &Beaten bricks and blocks bricks earth burnt and Kinini), most of residential houses are made in non-sustainable materials, especially bricks bricks and some of them are in poor conditions. There is such high demand for house in this area, which borders the urban areas of the peri urban of the City of Kigali. The following table is providing more details.

Source: The team, field surveys, 2014

Final Report 49 Uram Int’l, Natubri Ltd & Ruka Enterprise Ltd IMPLEMENTATION STUDY OF THE LOCAL URBAN DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF RULINDO DISTRICT [SHYORONGI & KININI URBAN AREAS)

In terms of construction materials more than 70% of the to raise the general well- being of the majority of the Rulindo therefore anticipated that the majority of the population will upper structures are made of non-sustainable construction District inhabitants from the high rural densities and the still need to derive their living from the soil. materials (Wood &Beaten earth and Adobe bricks) it is rapidly increasing population numbers. Moreover, if the level of economic growth continues as shown in the previous table and figure In Rulindo District, agricultural land is already scarce and planned and urban wages continue to increase farm 3.2 LAND TENURE AND LAND MANAGEMENT population increase leads to increasing fragmentation of the dwellers will also re quire a higher per capita income than land with a frequent tendency, if the size falls below a today’s agriculturalists and pastoralist if they are to remain Rwanda’s most valuable asset is land. With the certain critical level, it certainly lowers the standard of willing to stay on the land. overwhelming proportion of the people of Rwanda still production. living in the rural areas and earning their live hood From this brief description it is evident that a close analysis predominantly from agriculture, land must be seen as a Because of this fragmentation the adaptability and economic of available land in Rulindo district, together with an central resource, which the bulk of the rural households viability of farm units are reducing at alarming rate and this assessment of its potentiality is necessary to ensure that it is must control, now and in the future, if the generation of their in turn leads to lower investments levels on individual being used to the optimum. basic subsistence and cash income is not to be jeopardized. farms. Moreover, the distribution of agricultural land potential has In Rulindo District, more specifically in Shyorongi and Ultimately the land is kept idle or, if unproductive, is sold important implications for the future population distribution Kinini Urban Centres, even in the country as well, not resulting in unemployment and hence the stimulation of the and consequently the planning of human settlements. surprisingly, the agricultural sector is at present by far the process of rural to rural to urban migration. The land potential not only determines the number of most important part of the economy. This process is aggregated by soil erosion as a result of people who are able to derive a particular standard of living It contributes the largest proportion of the Gross Domestic topography, population pressure, bad management and from farming in a given area, but, when measured against Product and exports; it employs the overwhelming majority overutilization of still productive land. the expected population increase also reveals the pressure of of the labour force and contains the vast majority of all self- population upon the land. Access to land together with the knowledge and supporting employed entrepreneurs. services to farm will continue to be therefore, the major Although the above calculated averages clearly indicate the However, it is also the sector where most of Rwanda’s determinant of rural employment and income earning severity of the problem with regard to access to land, when working poor are to be found. opportunities. relaxed to the complex influences of the past on land ownership and the current land tenure system the problem Most of the land in Rwanda and Rulindo District in Recent experience in the developing countries has also can be seen in it’s true perspective. particular is still worked at low levels of productivity and shown that even with a rapid rate of economic development, intensification of land use and improvements in agricultural only a fraction of the growing labour force can be absorbed Land holds a very significant position in the view towards productivity are therefore the main instruments in which a into non-agricultural employment and in the future it is this economic and social- being the predominant attitude is that land provides the means to meet the basic subsistence major intervention can be launched on rural poverty in order needs of the family.

Final Report 50 Uram Int’l, Natubri Ltd & Ruka Enterprise Ltd IMPLEMENTATION STUDY OF THE LOCAL URBAN DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF RULINDO DISTRICT [SHYORONGI & KININI URBAN AREAS)

Land is assumed to be a basic resource and frequently Figure 20: SWOT Analysis matrix For our case of Shyorongi and Kinini are facing some wealth and prestige are measured in terms of land. Weaknesses and Threats as well as some Strengths and The Government has made considerable efforts to tackle the Opportunities as summarized below , land problem through, a national land policy framework 1. Strengths: describing tenure, land adjudication and registration, re- - Planning tools availability settlement and land mortgage schemes. - Technical and Political Capacity The following maps are providing more information about - Population and community involvement in general existing land uses in Shyorongi and Kinini urban centers ( - Topographic facilities for infrastructure, housing and See annex 2) business development 2. Opportunities 3.3 SWOT ANALYSIS AND EMERGING ISSUES - Physical landscape attraction of the area by Cultural Among the most useful tools for strategic urban planning is Modern Museum for tourism development SWOT analysis (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and - Available natural Resources for development (i.e Threats). marshlands, minerals, etc.) The main objective of this tool is to analyze internal strategic - Proximity to Kigali City factors, strengths and weaknesses attributed to the - Employment from all sectors of economy organization, and external factors beyond control of the 3. Weaknesses organization such as opportunities and threats. - Deforestation at a fast rate due to population pressure He following figure is clarifying the SWO analysis in search of satisfying their basic need components through a matrix demonstration, SWOT analysis, with its four elements within the crossing - Degraded and non maintained transportation For Rulindo District, and more specifically for Shyorongi matrix networks (roads and path ways); and Kinini urban centers, the concept of SWOT is a strategic More specifically, the process involves identifying 4. Threats planning tool, usually used as part of doing an STRENGTHS, WEAKNESSES, OPPORTUNITIES, and - Climatic and seasonal dry constraints within the area environmental scan, for surrounding features that help to THREATS (which is what the letters SWOT stand for). The due to low altitude and irrigation techniques identify external factors (i.e. opportunities and threats) that SWOT analysis can be done as part of strategic urban Using SWOT analysis the following table is summarising need to be planned for, and internal factors (i.e. strengths planning, but it can also be done independently of the larger and demonstrating those highlighted issues to be considered and weaknesses) that need to be planned for in determining process as a standalone. during the formulation of the detailed implementation plan where a business should be going in the future. By capitalizing on one's strengths, and minimizing or of Shyorongi and Kinini Priority Urban Centers correcting one's weaknesses, a company is better able to take advantage of opportunities as they emerge, and cope with threats before they become dangerous SWOT analysis (alternately SLOT analysis) is a strategic planning method used to evaluate the Strengths, Weaknesses/Limitations, Opportunities and Threats involved in a project or in a business venture. It involves specifying the objective of the business venture or project and identifying the internal and external factors that are favorable and unfavorable to achieve that objective.

Final Report 51 Uram Int’l, Natubri Ltd & Ruka Enterprise Ltd IMPLEMENTATION STUDY OF THE LOCAL URBAN DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF RULINDO DISTRICT [SHYORONGI & KININI URBAN AREAS)

Table 20: The emerging issues from the physical and socio-economic analysis Area of Intervention Identified Emerging Issues in the area of Shyorongi and Kinini Urban Centers Topography, Relief, A short dry season followed by heavy raining seasons which is susceptible to wash away the dry soil, consequently conducting to intensive soil erosion in Shyorongi Soil, climate and and Kinini urban centres; Non controlled streams and rivers as well as their environs and watersheds responsible for water pollution and soil degradation; Hydrology Irrational exploitation and conservation of marshlands leading to degradation of water reserves and ecosystem. Environmental Lack of sustainable and integrated urban liquid and solid waste management systems; Lack of sustainable drainage systems and poor maintenance of those existing Management and drainage systems; High level of erosion due to low vegetation cover on the hillsides; Deforestation at a fast rate due to population pressure in search of satisfying their Natural Resources basic need, Lack of improved, sustainable and more efficient energy consumption systems (For example: Improve domestic energy saving stove: Rondereza, biogas conservation use, solar energy, etc), Constraints from capacity limitations and knowledge gaps for instance, there is not much awareness of the renewable energy alternatives and technology use is still low in the region; Infrastructures and Degraded, in bad state and non-maintained transportation networks (roads and path ways); Poor distribution of the District transportation network especially paved Services road (tarmac) or maintained unpaved roads; Lack of rehabilitation and maintenance plan for transportation networks; Lack District Transportation Master Plan which guide all development to be installed (electricity connections, water supply and drainage, etc ) Lack of a modern and open central taxi park for cars, motorcycles and bicycles in the region of Shyorongi and Kinini urban centers. Human Settlement and Non Structured Nodal (Informal Settlement) developments along the major roads and within those internal public streets and internal road networks; Land Tenure Insufficient of housing detailed plans or/or layout plans for structured housing development sites for Shyorongi and Kinini urban centres and their surroundings Lack of Housing Models, Standards and Regulations to guide new developments; Uncontrolled and scattered housing developments in the suburban areas and Unplanned, sporadic ribbon development around the stu dy area; Lack of shelter (house) for those population with low and medium income in the region; Scattered and unplanned housing systems poses challenges in infrastructures and services distribution. Socio-Economic Lack of tangible economic activities susceptible to job creation which would constitute a pull factor for the area; Non exploited and /or irrationally exploited modern Development fishing development in the surrounding lakes; Insufficient of improved handcraft centres and youth training centres for Vocational Works; Lack of integrated plan for tourism attractions identification and development according to National Tourism Development Master Plan (RDB/MINICOM); Weakness in implementation of agriculture and farming reforms, for instance the selected crops regionalization, land consolidation (MINAGRI), etc; Socio-economic effects due to population increase with imbalance to available resources; Historical structure present tourism opportunities of adventure, heritage, eco- tourism and culture;

Source: Compiled by the consultant team, 2014

The encountered and identified challenges are considered to build the gap between the challenges and opportunities and come up with integrated and sustainable planning guidelines, standards and regulations.

Final Report 52 Uram Int’l, Natubri Ltd & Ruka Enterprise Ltd IMPLEMENTATION STUDY OF THE LOCAL URBAN DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF RULINDO DISTRICT [SHYORONGI & KININI URBAN AREAS)

CHAPITRE 4 PLANNING PRINCIPLES AND recognized by Rulindo district Officials including the District Residential development shall only take place in conjunction IDENTIFICATION OF PRIORITY SITES FOR council. with the provision of the necessary physical and, social services/facilities being provided. PILOT PROJECTS 4.1.3. National Land Use Master Plan a. Mixed Use 4.1. REVIEW OF EXISTING PLANS The National Land Use Development Master Plan will also have an impact on the development of this project Mixed use zoning is intended to cater for a mix of uses As identified in the objectives, the basis of proposing and considering the fact that it is recognized by the Government outside of the beach including recreational sites, visitor providing a comprehensive and inclusive elaboration of of Rwanda as a guiding document to all planning processes, accommodation and other commercial uses that are Local Development plan and its Implementation Strategy for especially for those dealing with land related issues. acceptable in the accommodation and service zone. the following selected sectors of Shyorongi, Rusiga and Mbogo is to enhance orderly and sustainable development of This is so a very important guiding document based on Development on such sites shall not detract from the vitality the Study Area. which all planning formulation will be developed. and viability of Shyorongi and Kinini urban centers.

It was therefore important that a comprehensive review of 4.2. PRIORITY SITES SELECTION CONDITIONS AND Small scale retail uses are acceptable on these sites in the

the existing plans namely elaborated Local Urban GUIDELINES form of local neighborhood shops. Development Plan (LUDP) and District Development Plan The purpose of selecting the priority sites within the entire b. Public/Community/Institutional/Educational (DDP) could done so as to lay solid foundation for the study areas of Shyorongi and Kinini urban centers is to exercise. Public/Community/Institutional and educational facilities provide for new residential areas, to protect and improve including schools, churches, day-care centers, childcare 4.1.1. District Development Plan existing residential areas and to provide facilities and facilities, community buildings and health facilities will amenities incidental to those residential areas. The main purposes of District Development Plan (DDP) is to normally be permitted. Limited residential or business uses

provide a planning tool for the next 5 years that will enhance The range of additional uses open to consideration within will only be permitted where they are functionally related prioritization of development interventions, coordination, the residential zoning include community, social and and ancillary to community facilities at the site. monitoring and evaluation of the district’s priorities medical facilities as well as small local shops, restaurants c. Open space implementation, it aimed to run from 2013-2018. and public houses where it can be demonstrated that there is a need for such facilities and that it will not affect the Passive open space generally relates to use as town parks 4.1.2. The Local Urban Development Plans for predominantly residential nature of the area or the vitality and children’s playground areas and areas intended as Shyorongi and Kinini Urban Centers and viability of the centre of the settlement. natural amenity areas adjacent to natural features such as Both Plans were elaborated in 2012 and they provided a rivers. Adjacent developments should be designed to general guideline and orientation for land use planning and overlook and provide passive surveillance of these spaces. urban development for the urban areas considered and

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Active Open Space is intended solely for the provision of This will allow the concerned District authorities to review In order to grant such a discretionary permit, the recreational uses. Active uses include the provision of uses, which because of their unique characteristics, are not municipality must typically find that the special use does not playing pitches, tennis courts etc. Issues to be considered at permitted as of right in a particular zoning district. negatively impact surrounding properties. project level assessment will include the potential for A conditional use may be allowed if the concerned District Discretionary permits also include variances where an wildlife disturbance (light, noise etc), trampling and erosion authorities determine that the use will comply with all of the unusual condition requires a special review and approval in of sensitive vegetation / soils and the potential for the conditions and standards of the zoning ordinance. order to permit something that is not normally permitted by introduction / spread of invasive introduced species. the code.  Permitted Uses d. Tourism/Leisure In residential zones, daycare centers, parking lots, and A permitted use is what can be built by right on a particular Lands zoned specifically for tourist and leisure related uses, churches are examples of conditional uses. In commercial property under the current rules and regulations of the such as hotels, indoor sports and recreation facilities, activity zones, auto repair uses and any business which requires zoning code, the comprehensive plan and any other centers. Uses may also include eco-tourism and other liquor license requires a Conditional Use Permit. regulatory restrictions. specific niche markets. To insure compatibility between uses within the Very often, a commercial development may be permitted, e. Harbour/Marine related activities development and surrounding area, any use requiring a but still be subject to some form of site plan review to assure zoning administrator permit or a conditional use permit Lands zoned specifically for harbour /marine related that the site is developed in harmony with factors such as the shall be reviewed as part of the proposed development. activities. Boat maintenance, storage and fishing equipment unique character of a historic neighborhood, or to deal with will generally be permitted. Marinas, sailing and other traffic congestion. A broad range of uses are allowed: (i) to promote efficient maritime, tourist and leisure related uses will also normally use of land; (ii) to provide options for tourism opportunities;  Prohibited Uses be accommodated. and, (iii) to promote the development of the affordable Any uses not specifically authorized by the zoning plan. housing. Fish processing, and associated services will be encouraged to locate at a sustainable location(s) outside of the beach  Conditional Uses  Water bodies boundary in order to protect the physical and visual amenity The zoning use tables also provide a list of uses that may be New development should be restricted within a 100 metres of the waterfront area. approved subject to a discretionary approval process. zone along water bodies (lakes and rivers. Only recreational f. Zoning Regulations development should be permitted and penalty should be Such a discretionary process, called either a conditional use paid for littering. In each zoning particular uses are especially prohibited, or special use, usually involves an application, an permitted, or conditional uses. While a permitted use is environmental review and a public hearing with input from The priority sites were selected from Shyorongi and Kinini allowed, a conditional use should require a public hearing other town boards and abutting property owners. urban centers. Additional sub sites were also identified one before the District Council.

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called Rwintare in Shyorongi Urban Centre and another one engines of economic growth and centers of opportunities, Land-use planning is the systematic assessment of land and called Kigarama in Kinini Urban Centre. employment and social interaction to facilitate integrated water potential, alternatives for land use and economic and urban and rural development. social conditions in order to select and adopt the best land- The total surface area for the selected priority sites is 580 ha use options. It also requires guidance especially considering shared within three separate sites of: Some existing urban centers prove the high speed of housing the selected areas will be moving from Rural to urban area, and urban development around the Study Areas when 1) Shyorongi : 313 ha containing an existing Layout Plan land use planning facilitates the allocation of land to the uses established. of 27 Ha in Bugaragara to be integrated; that provide the greatest sustainable benefits. 2) Rwintare: 82 ha; This urbanization trend has to be planned and controlled in 3) Kinini: 185 ha; and 4.3.2. Land Suitability Plan order to prevent unbalanced urban structures, of informal The following maps are providing more details about the settlements, the social segregation and the degradation of To clearly determine the various land use allocation map we four sites (See annex 2) environmental have done a land suitability plan based on gradient as summarized below: At this stage we will look at the original objectives in light of 4.3. DETAILED PLAN FORMULATION PRINCIPLES the findings arising from the assessment of the prevailing • Allocate land to different kinds of land use;

AND GUIDELINES conditions. In addition we shall at this stage set major • specify management standards and inputs; directions for the future. We will also develop a vision of the • Coordinate the work of sectoral agencies related to Migration is found as the long-term relocation of an future and translating it into key concepts as way of framing land use. individual, household or group to a new location outside the the development proposals that we will develop further in community of origin. 4.3.3. Transportation planning the next stage.

In Rwanda and in Rulindo District particularly the Transportation shapes an area’s economic health and quality 4.3.1. Land Use Planning Principles movement of people from rural to urban areas is most of life as it allows and provides for mobility of persons. significant. One of the key characteristic of Rwanda’s growth The planning team adopted the procedure and planning It also influences the patterns of growth and economic is Urbanization which is at the same time having a decisions that is consistent with applicable laws, regulations, activity through accessibility to land. particularly strong impact on socio-economic development. orders and policies. Furthermore, the performance of this system affects such The rate of urbanization in Rwanda is ranked amongst the Some of the process which we have adhered to, include public policy Concerns as air quality, environmental lowest in the world. Today the urbanization rate is estimated public participation, assessment of existing situation, resource consumption, social equity, “smart growth,” at close to 18%. implementation strategies, phasing, plan monitoring among economic development, safety, and security. others. We have adopted this process since it allows for The urban development of the surrounding areas of continuous adjustment to respond to new issues and We have in transportation planning recognized the critical Shyorongi and Kinini urban centers will surely serve as the changing circumstances links between transportation and other societal goals.

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The process has been considered as being more than merely likely to take transit, “z” percent are likely to ride-share, etc. according to the defined catchment areas for the road listing highway and transit capital investments, but we have Mode split leads to: networks and exist drainage around the selected site. also developed strategies for financing the area’s • Network assignment: Estimating the number of trips via a Surface run-off = f (rainfall x catchment area (length x width) transportation system in such a way as to advance the Study particular mode that will take specific paths through a road x run-off coefficient) Area’s long-term goals. or transit network. The end result, when all trips are Run-off coefficients are presented in Table --- as per the TRH Transportation’s basic purpose is moving people and goods assigned to a network, is an estimate of the total number of 15. (Sewerage System Maps, annex 2) from one place to another, but its effect on economic trips that will use each link in the network. When compared development goes well beyond this. to the capacity of this link, planners can forecast the level of 4.3.5. Water and Sanitation Planning congestion that will occur at that location. This becomes the An efficient transportation system can improve the economy, Policies already in place as set out by the government aims basis for assessing the performance of the transportation shape development patterns, and influence quality of life at achieving the following system. and the natural environment. a) Raise household sanitation coverage to 100% by 2020, and While considering a holistic manner of transportation we Land use and transportation are symbiotic: how promote hygiene behavior change have also considered adopting the process of planning that development is spaced can greatly influence regional travel encompasses it in totality. b) Implement improved sanitation for schools, health patterns, and, in turn, the degree of access provided by the facilities and other public institutions and locations transportation system can influence land use distribution. 4.3.4. Storm water drainage system c) Develop safe, well-regulated and affordable off-site • Trip generation: Estimating the number of trips generated The storm water management is designed to take into sanitation services for densely populated areas in a zone or at a particular location, and attracted to a zone account the collection of surface run-off along the road or a particular location, based on the assumed relationship structure and discharges into specific channel according to d) Enhance storm water management to mitigate impacts on among socio-economic factors, land use characteristics, the topography of the site. The earthworks during road properties, infrastructure, human health and the and the number of trips. Trip generation then leads to: construction usually disturb the existing ground slopes. environment

• Trip distribution: Estimating the number of trips that This study will provide detailed design drainage system for e) Implement integrated solid waste management originate in every zone in the study area, with destinations the slope protection in order to minimize the soil erosion and The Rwanda National Water and Sanitation Policy (2010) to every other zone. The result is a trip table that is used in: environmental degradations. (See annex 2: Drainage system where the above points have been extracted and is anchored maps) • Mode split: Estimating, for the number of trips predicted on “Vision 2020”, “Millennium Development Goals” and between each origin and destination, the number of trips The capacity of the storm water drainage channel along the “Poverty Reduction Strategy” (MININFRA, 2010) to guide made via each type of mode that is available for that trip. roads networks as well as standalone canals are designed Water and Sanitation provision in the country. Thus,“x” percent are likely to drive alone,“y” percent are

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Provision of adequate WSS services is therefore a core project implementation cycle. In particular, they will choose sustainable. Sanitation services must be sustainable, in terms element of development strategies and indicators, including the service level that responds to their needs and capacities; of both capital and recurrent costs. Rwanda’s Vision 2020 and EDPRS as well as the 4. Cost recovery and financial sustainability: Operation and 4.3.6. Solid Waste Management Planning international MDG No.7C which is to halve, by 2015, the maintenance costs of water supply and sanitation proportion of the population without sustainable access to The main objective of urban solid waste management is to infrastructure shall be borne by the users, in order to ensure safe drinking water and basic sanitation. collect, treat and dispose of solid wastes generated by all sustainable service delivery. Affordability shall be addressed urban population groups in an environmentally and socially It shows that Rulindo is one of the districts where a average by the choice of appropriate technologies and by enhancing satisfactory manner using the most economical means number of households are using improved sanitation. efficiency, not usually by granting subsidies. The polluter- available. Between 54.4 – 70% of the people use improved sanitation pays and user-pays principles are to be applied in sewerage like ventilated improved toilet and flush toilets inside the and waste management; The responsibility of providing solid waste management house. services normally rest with local authorities although the 5. Private sector participation: The sector will continue to emerging trend is involvement of private waste collectors Rwanda sanitation policy is anchored on a number of key promote delegated management through private operators, with households bearing the cost. As cities grow both principles. These are: which is the key strategy to enhance the sustainability of spatially and economically, business activity and rural water infrastructure. The private sector will also be 1. Priority to basic services: each person and community has consumption patterns drive up solid waste quantities. encouraged and supported in developing capacities for equal right to access basic water services. Priority will be investment, construction and service delivery in water At the same time, increased traffic congestion adversely given to “some for all” rather than “all for some”, until the supply, sanitation and solid waste management; affects the productivity of the solid waste fleet. Vision 2020 goal of access to safe drinking water for all is reached. Due attention will be given to affordability 6. Emphasis on sanitation and hygiene: The sector As shown in the following figure, some of the common considerations; recognizes the critical importance of sanitation and hygiene sources of solid waste include paper, wood and yard behavior change for the achievement of sustainable health materials, food waste, plastic materials, metals and glass. 2. Decentralization: The responsibility for service delivery is benefits. Sanitation and hygiene activities and projects shall This represents both organic and inorganic waste. vested at the de-centralized level. The water and sanitation be developed through strategic cooperation with the health sector is committed to building and strengthening and education sectors. Any water supply projects shall decentralized planning, implementation and management systematically consider sanitation implications and hygiene capacities; education requirements;

3. Community participation: The beneficiaries of water 7. The polluter pays principle: Polluters must pay the cost supply and sanitation services shall be actively involved in of cleaning up the impact of their pollution on the planning, decision making and oversight throughout the environment. Sanitation services must be financially

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Plate 1: Common sources of solid waste routes to ensure a productive and economical service. This Before considering a recycling program it is necessary to can be done by obtaining a map or plan of the area in order consider the involvement of the general public recycling to identify the following: agencies; entrepreneurial development; education of the community; secure markets; and economic viability. Paper • All service points; recycling plant is recommended using office stationery

• All one way streets; including files, envelopes and cards. • Any culs-de-saç and The total amount of waste generated is a combination of • Areas that do not require a service. collected and recycled waste or; Areas of daily collection should be compact and not fragmented and, where possible, natural boundaries should Generated waste = Collected waste + Recycled waste. be used. Collection routes should be planned to maximize e) Disposal vehicle capacities. For the convenience of householders it is preferable to maintain a regular routine, to ensure their With land filling being the final step in the waste Source: Adopted by the Consultant Team from Blischke, waste is ready for collection. management cycle, consideration should be given the Solid Waste Management, 2009. method used which would reduce cover material b) Transfer stations/systems Functions of waste storage are at the place where the waste requirements; reduce both windblown litter and vermin; is generated. For residential waste this means at home in the Regardless of their degree of sophistication, transfer stations reduce leach production; and influence the type of landfill household. Onsite handling is the very first step in waste can assist in the reduction of haulage costs; reduce the equipment needed on the site. management. It involves individual family members, congestion of traffic at the landfill; and provide It is therefore important to consider the implications prior to households and communities, all of whom need to know opportunities for recycling. implementation, if sustainability of the service is to be how to handle waste properly at this level. c) Incineration achieved.

It is important that waste is stored in proper containers. Large-scale incineration is capital-intensive, but has the The methods utilized at the moment have been found to be These could be baskets, preferably made from locally advantage of: reducing the volume of waste needing final inefficient and not well managed. We recommend the use of available materials, plastic buckets or metal containers disposal, with a resultant reduction in land use; combating a natural attenuation landfill (Figure 23) because it’s cheaper Collection the spread of disease; and providing a potential energy to construct and naturally environmentally friendly

Generally, waste is collected and held at central transfer source. 4.4. SETTLEMENT AND HOUSING PLANNING stations where waste is stored before it is transported to a d) Recycling final disposal site. Once the quantity of waste needing The Government of Rwanda recognizes that housing is a collection is determined, it is important to plan collection basic right for its citizens as stated in international

Final Report 58 Uram Int’l, Natubri Ltd & Ruka Enterprise Ltd IMPLEMENTATION STUDY OF THE LOCAL URBAN DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF RULINDO DISTRICT [SHYORONGI & KININI URBAN AREAS) declarations such as the Istanbul Declaration of June, 4.4.1. Guiding Principles of designing housing or those in the civil service, the aim of any affordable 1996, the Millennium Development Goals (February, 2002), typologies housing typology is to boost economic growth and reduce and the World Summit on Sustainable Development (July- poverty by providing suitable and sustainable housing units The building Control and Regulations has been used as August, 2002). for better settlement in both rural and urban areas of standard reference for the regulation of building design and Rwanda. In this context, it aims to facilitate access to decent housing hopefully eventual construction. and basic infrastructure facilities, is committed to supporting Although the vision of the project proposal was to create The major benefits to be gained in applying this document is the controlled development and the sustainability of human an economically, easily accessible affordable housing pilot that it will in the long run harmonized building construction settlements both in urban and rural areas, which is project that will act as a model of sustainable industry in Rwanda and curtailment of informal economically accessible and socially integrated, where the development addressing issues of population’s economic developments so as to ensure well planned, well-maintained, rights of all people are recognized, particularly the rights status, environmental quality while meeting needs of the safe, cost effective and decent building Developments and women, children, handicapped people, and people living in economically fragile group of the community and first house housing settlements throughout the country (Rwanda poverty, the vulnerable and disadvantaged groups. buyers, the report notes that it is only possible, the report Building Control and Regulation 2009). notes that it is aimed at people earning secure salary! In doing so the government is seeking through the Ministry Based on how housing survey and market analysis the of Infrastructure, Rwanda Housing Authority and Districts For Rulindo District, specifically in Shyorongi and Kinini following key standards will apply in the long run: to address this policy through implementation of elaborated Urban Centers we will design the houses taking into Master Plan and Local Urban Development Plans.  One family per household and dwelling; consideration a number of factor key among them are:  Average household size should be about 3-4 persons; It is therefore in this regard and in line with this policy that 1. The Country’s vision of becoming a middle income by  Average number of persons per room will decrease to we will be proposing different housing models that will 2020 through various strategies which is already bearing about 1-6; gather for the different income groups. This component will fruit for example EDPRS II  Average number of bedrooms per dwelling could be be more detailed within the next phase of this project and be 2-4; 2. The strategic Location of Rulindo District which is only reflected within the Draft Final Report.  Average bedroom area could be 12-22 sqm; 30minutes drive from Kigali which means with a well- Our models seek to provide urban housing for a cross  Average kitchen area could be 12-15 sqm; planned city with quality service provision, it is possible to section of the population as set out in the Terms of  A living room area could be 14-22 sqm; attract investors to construct houses in the District. References. 4.4.2. Affordable Housing Planning Perspectives The predominant new housing types in the selected priority This section will include low, medium, high densities as well sites of Rulindo are bungalows. While old-types bungalows According to affordable house project initiated by a team of as apartments, and other housing models to be designed still dot the urban and peri-urban areas, modern ones made professional at Rwanda Housing Authority in collaboration accordingly. of pre-cast concrete blocks and tiles are slowly taking root with the Ministry of Infrastructure, for government officials due to economic activities of the residents.

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It is against the information collected during household Figure 21: Stabilized brick making machine creating the concept of regional town centres around the interviews and field observations that new housing major stations and transit corridors. typologies will be proposed in line with implementation of The areas around main roads will encourage the the Detailed Physical Plans for Shyorongi and Kinini Urban development of billions of francs of high-density real estate. Centers in Rulindo District.. Within the Study Areas there is opportunity to structure the 4.4.3. Social and affordable housing approaches forecasted expansion of a modern city that is going to a) Use of locally available materials become a regional capital satellite to Kigali.

The use of locally available materials like timber for roofing In next phase of the elaboration of this Detailed Plan, we will truss and stabilized bricks for walls will greatly reduce the propose a rudimentary concept of spatial organisation of the cost of construction. This way affordability will be future city. enhanced. Stabilized soil bricks technology offers a cost Source: This concept, illustrated as “Development Proposal”, will be effective, environmentally sound masonry system. www.undp.org_human settlement, visited on 23rd, a preliminary and general proposition that is to be an November, 2014 The product has a wide application in construction and is invitation to discussions among the Client, shareholders and manufactured by compacting earth (murram/sub-soil) 4.4.4. Housing and Economic Development the consultants. mixed with a stabilizer such as cement or lime. Most rapidly growing Rwandan urban centers, towns and The planning proposal will be having three principal A number of manual machines are available which compact cities are facing significant housing problems. elements to be analysed as follows: the soil to attain dense, even sized masonry. The bricks are It is the urban paradox that among the wealth and 4) The principal hub and prioritized development then laid out in the sun and cured rather than being fired. prosperity generated by towns and cities a high incidence of zone: Some technologies also include an interlock resulting in urban poverty persists. This element is constituted of two areas which are going to lower mortar costs. The bricks have four key advantages For cities to benefit from their comparative advantages, they be developed simultaneously, but with different objectives in over traditional bricks must become more efficient, govern well, and establish mind. coherent poverty reduction programs. The Principal hub, to be determined, is most developed area

Rulindo District have had a strong history of creating new in the urban centre. It is proposed to be the main point of urban development around its existing features including development. the surrounding zones of the main roads in the area and also

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The Detailed Plan will propose the consolidation the existing urban nodal and a rehabilitation of some neighbourhoods to enhance the touristic and commercial pole.

The prioritized development zone may serve as a residential area combined with a touristic offer: hotels, restaurants and activities in link with the two lakes.

Also, the environmental factor will have to be considered because of the risks of flooding and the general quality of the ecologic value of the area.

2) The secondary zone to reorganize:

Based in part on the existing situation, it is proposed to create secondary hubs that will include different types of housing and some services of proximity complementary with the principal urban zone from the buffer zones of Rulindo Study Area.

With time, but the principal hub and the secondary zone will expand and join to form one main centre. But it is considered that the two elements should have different characters to reduce the chance of chaotic development and sprawl.

3) The long term development zones:

This area has a longer scope of development but their planning is to be elaborated in the Rulindo Study Area (Shyorongi and Kinini Urban Centers).

The next chapters will be much more detailed, complete and precise about the planning perspectives of settlement, housing and infrastructure.

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CHAPITRE 5 PLOTTING AND SETTLEMENT 5.1.1. Human Settlements and Housing the settlers and the missionaries introduced the wood, adobe Development during Pre-colonial brick, the burnt brick, the tile and the corrugated iron sheet. PLANNING IN KININI AND SHYORONGI As a result of cultural exchanges that occurred after the PRIORITY SITES In Rwanda of old days, human settlements were dominated beginning of colonization, the technique of beaten earth was mainly by agro-pastoral activities. The social life of the This is a very important chapter dealing with human introduced in Rwanda from East Africa. Rwandan family happened inside the family enclosure settlement planning and development within the selected during the day composed of a single house within a circle For administrative reasons and in order to provide social priority sites of Kinini and Shyorongi. fence with the granaries for rich families. services such as education and health care, the colonial

The chapter is providing more details about plotting authorities decided to create the administrative posts. Each family had its enclosure in the centre of its plot of land systems, size and regulations as well as proposals of housing to enable it to cultivate it easily, and it planted different The creation of these administrative centers and the models accompanied with their cost estimates for future crops all around in concentric zones depending on priorities settlement of nationals in these centers marked the construction projects. and the intensity of the agricultural activities to be carried beginning of urbanization and trade.

5.1. OVERVIEW OF HISTORICAL HUMAN out. The building materials used were for the most wood 5.1.3. Human Settlement and Housing Development and reeds, straw, clay soil and soil from termite’s nests. SETTLEMENT DEVELOPMENT IN RWANDA between 1962 to 1994 The third chapter investigated the status and condition of the Partitions inside the house were made of plant fiber-woven In the 1962, Rwanda regained its sovereignty, established its settlement in Kinini and Shyorongi Urban Centers. Like mats. new administration in Kigali, the capital, and in the other areas, it was realised that both urban centers are still 5.1.2. Human Settlements and Housing Development provinces. Foreign countries opened their Embassies and under developing in terms of human settlement. The during Colonial period technical cooperation started. This situation attracted historical dimension of the development of human foreigners and the local population and developed an urban settlement systems which underwent significant In Rwanda, colonization and evangelization had a big area. modifications during the last century in Rwanda enables one influence on pre-colonial human settlement with regard to the layout of the enclosure, the form, the materials and the to understand the current challenges related to habitant in The establishment of infrastructure and other public utilities techniques used, and by the appearance in the country of Rwanda country. in urban centers attracted labor in search of employment and urban centers born out of some small population clusters social progress and led to rural migration which created Considering the historical background of human settlement where lived the local staff employed by the colonial considerable housing needs. However, the authorities kept in Rwanda, as stated within the human settlement policy in administration, and rural boroughs around places of to the procedures of urban planning inherited from the Rwanda, July 2004, the following historical background were worship. colonizers. highlighted: During this period, there appeared in the layout of the Building plots made available by the Government could enclosure separate buildings from the main house such as meet the needs of less than 10% of households only. Low the kitchen and the toilets. With regard to building materials,

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income families settled in unplanned residential areas. For settlements (imidugudu) in the rural area with a view to These are urban fabrics which and mainly house the rural these residential areas, urbanization was generally encouraging the development of rural centers. It also deals migrants urban poor people and urban people and been characterized by the choice of inadequate sites (plots liable to with the restructuring of unplanned residential areas in formed without legal permits and outside of formal and flooding or which were very steep), high housing density urban areas in order to improve the urban living conditions legal urban planning (comprehensive and master plan) and lack of community infrastructure and facilities, resulting of the population. within or outside the legal city limits and mainly lack in very unfavorable conditions in terms of community ownership deeds. In regards to physical characteristics and The resettlement policy involves finding adequate housing hygiene. severe deficiency of urban infrastructure and services are for a category of households which are homeless, often poor similar to dilapited fabrics. Intervention in these areas is of During this period, the Government, in trying to improve and vulnerable (widows, orphans, persons with disability…) the upgrading and enabling type and the common primary rural settlements, carried out awareness campaigns among and bringing all the houses in the imidugudu to an in all intervention is the participation of the people. the population for the improvement of roofing by using iron acceptable level in terms of housing and access to social and sheets and tiles. The population censuses carried out in 1978 economic services. The programme of regrouping Informal settlement is defined also as a dwelling put up and 1991 showed that there was a tendency towards settlements is under way and has made it possible to settle without authority of the owner of the land, usually without a improved settlements by abandoning thatched houses returnees (old and new cases) and displaced persons on formal design and without conforming to any specification (Nyakatsi) in favor of roofs in tiles or corrugated iron sheets. planned sites, and to create an environment of social as to laid down rules and regulations, planning standards, integration. generally accepted methods of workmanship, construction 5.1.4. Human Settlement and Housing Development after and is more often than not temporary. 1994 5.2. NATIONAL POLICY OF HUMAN SETTLEMENT

AND HOUSING DEVELOPMENT These would not have access to public utilities like electric The 1994 genocide was a striking event, which had Rwanda recognizes that planned housing is required as power, clean, running piped water, sewerage, and drainage. considerable negative impact on human settlement. The opposed to spontaneous or dispersed settlements. The Social services (schools, hospitals, entertainment, churches, challenges in terms of housing were great; there was need to National Housing Policy of 2004 points out that the existence mosques, markets) public amenities like road and rail house a big number of returnees, both in urban and rural of a development plan is a pre-condition to any form of transportation are rare. Because of these constraints in their areas (old refugees most of whom had spent 35 years in exile development. Housing is governed by urban and lives they are prone to defensiveness and need to survive by and new refugees of 1994), receiving them in a very short construction standards which cannot be adapted to many whatever means. They are prone to lawlessness and crime, ill period, reconstruct destroyed houses and stabilize the households due to their limited access to long-term credit health, general disharmony and no sanitation. population displaced by the war. facilities and adequate financial resources. They are common features in developing countries and are The problem of resettling a big number of families, the 5.2.1. Informal Settlement in urban areas typically the product of an urgent need for shelter by the scarcity of land linked with structural poverty of households urban poor. As such they are characterized by a dense led the Government to adopt, in December 1996, a national a. Definition proliferation of small, makeshift shelters built from diverse human settlement policy which focuses on regrouping materials, degradation of the local ecosystem and by severe

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social problems. Informal settlements occur when the current materials, degradation of the local ecosystem and by severe Sanitation should be given careful consideration and be land administration and planning fails to address the needs social problems. adapted to existing site conditions including storm water of the whole community. drainage, and where possible the construction of bulk The urban land administration which is empowered with the sanitation systems is recommended. These areas are characterized by rapid, unstructured and issuance of the development permit shall ensure that the unplanned development. On a global scale informal applicant has a legitimate right to the land to which she The allotment plans will take particular consideration of settlements are a significant problem especially in third applied for. existing buildings (houses) and their integration into single world countries housing the world’s disadvantaged. grouped plots in order to limit compensation and This means the requirement of a legitimate building are demolition. Pilot schemes will be formulated and tested in A clear definition of informal settlement is hardly available. basically two: one the land on which the development order to determine the best way forward. The successful Many synonymous words have been used in literature to activity (building) is going to be erected must be acquired schemes will be replicated while taking into consideration refer to informal settlements. These include spontaneous, through legal means (such as government grant, lease lessons learnt from the pilot operations. irregular, unplanned, marginal, and squatter settlements. contract, etc.) as per the existing laws; second, in order to

Some literatures have used the term slums and informal affect the building activity, she needs a building permit c. The Process of Formalizing Unplanned Settlement settlements interchangeably (UNHSP: 2003). While a clear (development authorization). This authorization is needed Generally, urbanization acceleration tends to form definition for informal settlement is still elusive, some not only for the erecting of new buildings but also for unplanned settlements, due to people move from rural to organizations have given description of informal settlements modifying and demolishing them as well. urban areas because in search of access to basic and slums. b. Upgrading of Informal Settlements infrastructures and job opportunities. Immigrations have Squatter settlements, where land and building have been been directed to the urban center, although there are little The process of upgrading and provision of services for urban occupied without the permission; legal land development- opportunities for jobs. areas will be carried out upon taking into account the income settlements where initial occupation is legal but where levels of households as well as infrastructure and services to However, because of the financial inefficiencies of the local unauthorized land developments have occurred (e.g. be established. The upgrading is not synonymous with authorities, the level and quality of the services has been Change of land use that breach zoning plans, building razing an entire neighborhood; instead, it means rational low, thus the conditions of immigrants are not improved as extensions without building permit, subdivisions without redevelopment in order to improve the living conditions of expected. Especially the lack of convenient dwelling areas regard to services and infrastructure, etc.). the population. has led to construction in unplanned areas; these slums have They are common features in developing countries and are not basic technical and social infrastructures and led to Nevertheless, if the option to rebuild an entire zone is taken typically the product of an urgent need for shelter by the visual and physical contamination because they tend to into consideration, the people so relocated must be assisted urban poor. As such they are characterized by a dense approach the basic infrastructures. to obtain alternative accommodation and facilities. The proliferation of small, makeshift shelters built from diverse upgrading of the old site will have to take into account the The construction of informal settlement is a solution way of income levels of neighboring households. residents who have not sufficient income at the beginning

Final Report 64 Uram Int’l, Natubri Ltd & Ruka Enterprise Ltd IMPLEMENTATION STUDY OF THE LOCAL URBAN DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF RULINDO DISTRICT [SHYORONGI & KININI URBAN AREAS) for dwelling. Because, dwelling is the first requirement to connection between neighborhoods. Secondary development Table 21: Number of Plots (Shyorongi & Kinini) survive for the residents within the settlers, at the beginning, within these grouped settlements will be assigned to private Number of Plots Plot Category Total they spontaneously constructed informal settlement; in or semiprivate players within the Sector, namely: private (or Shyorongi Kinini High Density Residential 1,116 338 1,454 addition to the physical dimension, the cases have had semi-private) land developers, private operators Medium Density 761 366 1,127 social, economic and political dimensions. Unplanned (enterprises, banks, insurance companies, etc.), associations Residential Low Density Residential 267 131 398 settlements were constructed illegally, due the formalization and groups (grassroots community groups, housing Commercial 320 120 440 of these illegal settlements. cooperatives, and others). Apartments 96 32 128 During their conception, the operations will be carried out Mixed Use 179 58 237 5.2.2. Rural Settlements Total 2,739 1,045 3,784 based on the following principles: The following set of maps are providing more details about Housing for the rural and peri-urban population and former • Simplified development of the sites; plotting and plot sizes within Kinini and Shyorongi selected returned refugees has been problematic for the government. • Fitting the need and ability of the beneficiary priority areas(See annex 2); In many cases, their houses have now been occupied by households to contribute financially; others. Furthermore, the genocide itself resulted in the • Social cross-section of households. destruction of settlements throughout the country. 5.3. PLOT SYSTEM IN SHYORONGI AND KININI

PRIORITY SITES In the immediate aftermath of the genocide, millions of dollars were poured into Rwanda by the international Reference was made to the existing conditions, as discussed community in order to develop sites, drainage systems, in the third chapter of this document, key factors related to roads, water facilities and electricity supply for the topography, plotting standards, existing land use and resettlement of displaced populations and returnees. proposed land uses (Maps, Annex 2) conducted to the

In December 1996, Rwanda adopted a National Habitat plotting system with is summarized as follows:

Policy which established the low-cost imidugudu  Residential High Density: 15 m x 20 m (300 m2);

('villagization'), thus the government created grouped  Residential Medium Density: 20 m x 25 m (500 m2); villages, in order to enhance proper land occupation with  Residential Low Density: 20 m x 30 m (600 m2) and 25 provision of basic services. m x 30 m (750 m2);

 Residential Apartment blocks for High Density and a. Promotion of “Grouped Settlements” Affordable Housing: 40 m x 50 m (200 m2); and Through this program, local communities have been  Commercial, administrative, recreational, etc. blocs of encouraged to come together to form grouped settlements so land were reserved to accommodate all those as to make it possible to interact among primary zones with facilities.

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5.4. ZONING GUIDELINES AND REGULATIONS In residential zones, daycare centers, parking lots, and churches are examples of conditional uses. In commercial Zoning guidelines and regulations within the selected zones, auto repair uses and any business which requires priority sites of Kinini and Shyorongi in Rulindo District are liquor license requires a Conditional Use Permit. always protecting zoning plans where it is recommended for each zoning area particular uses are prohibited, permitted, To insure compatibility between uses within the or conditional. While a permitted use is allowed, a development and surrounding area, any use requiring a conditional use should require a public hearing and specific zoning administrator permit or a conditional use permit authorization before its implementation. shall be reviewed as part of the proposed development.

This will allow the developer and implementing authority to A broad range of uses are allowed: (i) to promote efficient review uses, which because of their unique characteristics, use of land; (ii) to provide options for tourism opportunities; are not permitted as of right in a particular zoning district. and, (iii) to promote the development of the affordable

housing. A conditional use may be allowed if the concerned authorities determine that the use will comply with all of the Main zoning guidelines and regulations are summarized in conditions and standards of the zoning ordinance. the following table:

In Shyorongi and Kinini Urban Centres, the zoning also provides a number of uses that may be approved subject to a discretionary approval process. Such a discretionary process, called either a conditional use or special use, usually involves an application, an environmental review and a public hearing with input from other town boards and abutting property owners.

In order to grant such a discretionary permit, the municipality must typically find that the special use does not negatively impact surrounding properties. Discretionary permits also include variances where an unusual condition requires a special review and approval in order to permit something that is not normally permitted by the code.

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Table 22 : Summary of zoning guidelines Permitted Uses A permitted use is what can be built in either Shyorongi or Kinini priority sites by right on a particular property under the current rules and regulations of the zoning code, the comprehensive plan and any other regulatory restrictions.

Very often, a commercial development or another complex building i.e; Residential Apartment may be permitted, but still be subject to some form of site plan review to assure that the site is developed in harmony with factors such as the unique character of a historic neighborhood, or to deal with traffic congestion.

Prohibited Uses Any uses not specifically authorized by the zoning plan of Shyorongi and Kinini Priority Sites as presented using proposed land use maps in chapter four of this report.

Conditional Uses Within the study area of Shyorongi and Kinini Urban Centers, identified conditional uses mainly include but not limited to the following:

 Water bodies: New development should be restricted within a 20 meters zone along the marshland in Kinini Urban Centre. Only recreational development (Artificial Lake) should be permitted and penalty should be paid for littering.

 Protected Areas: It is recommended that all protected areas have a buffer zone to prevent further degradation by restricting proximity.  Mining: Shyorongi which is endowed with mining opportunities, where land should be used for quarrying of minerals and complementary activities demanding large land areas and great distance off residential areas. Attention should be given to protect surrounding areas from negative environmental impact.  Forest: Forests should be preserved and new forests should be established and irrigated with treated waste water when possible. Forests should be accessible for recreation. Penalty should be paid for littering and illegal cutting.

 Zoning for erosion control: Highly fertile land with slope between 5 and 13 degrees should be strictly zoned for agricultural use. Farms on slopes 5 to 13 degrees should be given incentives to adopt terracing and cropping techniques and monitored for erosion. Farmers on the poorer soils are given incentives to adopt forestry, horticulture and alternative livelihoods. Low erosion prone soils of marginal fertility are zoned for mixed use. Agriculture may be possible with soil additives, forestry and horticulture may also have potential, urban or industrial land uses may also be applicable.  Open Space and Woodlands: The Open Space and Woodland areas includes land in current Open Space Conservation zoning district boundaries. This zoning encompasses critical sand dunes, wetlands, floodplains, and undeveloped open space adjoining creeks and shorelines.

The Guidelines applicable to the preservation of open space include:

• Protect and preserve scenic view sheds, sand dunes, wetlands, and wildlife habitat. • Avoid further encroachment on surface waters. • Maintain or establish vegetative buffers or greenbelts on area owned property located on stream banks and shorelines.

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• Maintain current Open Space Conservation zoning district boundaries surrounding stream and river corridors, undeveloped shoreline areas, and critical sand dunes.  Environment: • Environmental impacts should take precedence over development considerations. • Do not be overly constrained by familiar, traditional patterns of landscape use. Consider using the landscape in new ways. • Maintain both ecological integrity and economic viability. • Emphasize simplicity, while respecting basic human needs of comfort and safety. • Take full advantage of natural features such as wind, sun, shade, slopes, and vegetation. • Assess feasibility of development in long-term social and environmental costs, not just short-term construction costs. • Plan to implement development in phases, to allow for the monitoring of cumulative environmental impacts and the consequent adjustments for the next phase.  The Setbacks: can help preserve beaches and the infrastructure sited on them. More generally, setbacks limit any kind of construction, and should be used in any construction planning within the study area. Recall that a setback is a prescribed distance away from a particular landscape feature, with no permanent development of any kind permitted within this area. Setbacks help limit beach erosion by preserving the natural vegetation along the shoreline. The major objectives of setbacks are:

• Protecting and enhancing the scenic value of Mugesera lakes environs • Minimizing use conflicts among various types of activities taking place in the lakes environs • Ensuring public access to and along the coast • Maintaining consistency between national and local laws and plans

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CHAPITRE 6 IMPLEMENTATION technical feasibility study of all infrastructures and services  Excavation works for main building, access roads, as described in this report. and other basic facilities and infrastructure works CHALLENGES AND STRATEGIES OF THE  Development of external works- lighting, water DETAILED PLAN FOR KININI AND This part of the study aims at presenting a detailed supply, sewerage, drainage, parking SHYORONGI PRIORITY SITES development plan of each zone determined for the selected  Landscaping, leveling of sites, greening, and tourism priority projects. This phase also includes Technical as well development, This seventh chapter is developing strategies for integrated Financial Studies on the roads, the sanitation, the various  Inspection of works under execution and coordinated implementation mechanisms and phases networks (Electricity, Water Supply, Communication, based on existing challenges and opportunities. The Drainage etc) on the areas reserved for social infrastructure, Based on the conducted surveys in the area surrounding intervention of other stakeholders including private and recreational and green spaces, by area and phase coherent Kinini and Shyorongi Urban Centers, the financial capacity is public sectors is also discussed within this chapter. design. remaining a serious challenge to the implementation process

This chapter includes the detailed Implementation Strategies of the Plans, including the detailed study for the selected 6.1. IMPLEMENTATION ACTIVITIES of the selected alternatives and planning schemes for Kinini priority zones. and Shyorongi priority sites in Rulindo District of In the framework of ensuring that these planning proposals It has to be clarified that the implementation of this occupation of the area and preparing specifications for the are actualized and ready for immediate implementation Development Plan involves more than one partner and/or implementation of the works to be done according the works, the implementation roadmap is well thought out. stakeholder. Among those key stake holders, there are approved Detailed Development Plan. Some of the key components to be integrated are: MINALOC, MININFRA, LODA, RHA, RTDA, EWSA, BTC,

The Implementation is the process that turns strategies and  Financing and investment detailed plan AFD, UNHABITAT, RCS, etc. plans into actions in order to accomplish strategic objectives (roadmap) for resources availability; 6.2. SYSTEMATIC INVESTMENT PLAN AND and goals. Implementing a strategic plan is as important  Institutional and organizational framework IMPLEMENTATION PHASING activity, or even more important, than a strategy. and scheduling roadmap to guide the implementation process; A Systematic Investment Plan (SIP) is a vehicle offered by A strategic plan provides a business with the roadmap it The main project activities to be undertaken during the mutual funds to help investors save regularly. It is just like a needs to pursue a specific strategic direction and set of implementation of Kinini and Shyorongi Detailed Urban recurring deposit with the post office or bank where you put performance goals, deliver customer value, and be development Plan with priority projects which include, but in a small amount every month, except the amount is successful. not limited to the following: invested in a mutual fund. The selected alternative will have studied in depth in order  Site preparation, including site clearance and leveling To ensure that the proposals made within the priority sites, to show the different components of development and the for housing, roads and other infrastructure and basic are actualized, it’s important that the implementation corresponding cost. This part of the study will involve the services. roadmap is well thought out. Some of the key components that ensure that implementation is actualized after the

Final Report 69 Uram Int’l, Natubri Ltd & Ruka Enterprise Ltd IMPLEMENTATION STUDY OF THE LOCAL URBAN DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF RULINDO DISTRICT [SHYORONGI & KININI URBAN AREAS) detailed planning has been completed and agreed upon is The implementation strategies aim at reinforcing proposed for purpose of guiding the authorities and the availability of resources for funding the projects. coordination and harmonization in the use of resources public at large on how to initiate and finance developments. around a common program of effective implementation. In Whereas it’s not possible to have all the necessary resources It’s noted that Rulindo District through the Ministry of Local addition they aim at achieving efficiently decentralization at once, it’s necessary that a clear analysis of likely sources of Government (MINALOC) through structures at the district policy objectives. funding for investments which at times do not appear of Rulindo will oversee the full implementation of the obvious to the implementation agencies is undertaken at the Here, efficient implementation of the fiscal and financial identified projects. However, the funding of the projects onset and a scheduling road map is developed to guide decentralization policy represents a key priority through the attempts at evolving innovative ideas other than the implementation. establishment of Rwanda Local Development Support Fund tradition sources of funds that the district authorities can use (RLDSP) today modified as LODA . The LODA aims at to implement programs and projects in the priority sites. 6.3. EXISTING FUNDING MECHANISM: budget support for development financing at local level. The Overall investments within the implementation sites will fall In May 2000, the government of Rwanda adopted the aim of LODA is to merge different finding and aid under three categories of investments including: national Decentralization policy. The main thrust of the modalities under its umbrella. policy was to ensure political, economic, social, managerial,  Public Investments; National resources supporting decentralization policy administrative and technical empowerment of local  Private Investments; and implementation are currently channeled through a number populations to fight poverty by participating in the planning  Public Private Partnership Investments. of systems: and management of their development process. The three categories of investment to be encourage for Kinini - National budget allocation to government institutions and Shyorongi Urban Centers will be mainly focusing of: Committed to the successful implementation of contributing to decentralization process implementation, decentralization, functions of local governments and budgets  Investments for basic infrastructure, services and including the management costs have been evolved. The Rwanda Decentralization Strategic facilities; - Intergovernmental fiscal transfers to local government for framework adopted in august 2007 provides the basis for service delivery and development (block grants,  Investment for economic development; and furthering the decentralization process from 2008 to 2012 in a earmarked grants and capacity development funds). comprehensive and coordinated manner.  Investments for social affairs and inclusion - Local governments’ own revenues (tax and non-tax)

The vehicle to drive the implementation of Kinini and - Public funds allocated to the Basket Fund More details are provided within the following set of tables Shyorongi Detailed Urban Development Plan was elaborated 6.4. FUNDING FRAMEWORK FOR PRIORITY SITES as the decentralized implementation program. Its goal was to reach ‘’sustainable economic growth and social Based on the survey carried out on the financial capability of development’’ with the purpose of achieving “equitable, Kinini and Shyorongi Urban Centers, Rulindo District, efficient, and effective pro-poor services and local possible scenarios for investment have been identified and development in an environment of good governance”. Final Report 70 Uram Int’l, Natubri Ltd & Ruka Enterprise Ltd IMPLEMENTATION STUDY OF THE LOCAL URBAN DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF RULINDO DISTRICT [SHYORONGI & KININI URBAN AREAS)

Table 23: Investments for basic infrastructure, services and facilities Table 24: Investment for economic development Investments Projects Source of Funds Category Investments Projects Source of Funds Category Roads: Vehicles, bicycle Government revenue from domestic or Public Tourism development Government to give incentives to and pedestrian walkways donors, road levies particularly for Private industrial entrepreneur including cheap and drainage maintenance and serviced land to be paid over a Recreational sites/ parks Governments provide or facilitate Public/Private period of time, loans by financial cheap loans to local investors. institutions etc. Servicing of loans to be provided by bus park charges Trade development Government to modulate the land rivate Water and sanitation Government revenue from domestic Public/Private markets; where land is owned by sources or donor. Involvement of local government, allocation to be done to labour by cooperatives of youth and capable investors. women. Hotel development Private investors; cheap land to be rivate Energy Government revenue from domestic Public/Private availed to developers as incentives, sources or donor Involvement of adequate provision of infrastructure such Private Sector as water and power. ICT Lying of optic cable through Public/Private Housing development Individual housing development to be rivate Government funding. Development of undertaken through borrowing from ICT park by Government. Servicing banks and savings societies. Rwanda the expenditure through rental charges social security board to partner in joint to ICT providers venture with private investors for Land acquisition and land Government to acquire only land Public/Private provision of mortgage housing, ensure surveying planned for public use or land availability at reasonable prices. development. Government encourages and control land market to allow many Source: Compiled by the Author, 2015 people access land. Surveying of land

to be done by private surveyors under strict control of professional bodies

Source: Compiled by the Author, 2015

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Table 25: Investments for social affairs and inclusion health facilities.

Investments Projects Source of Funds Category Sports grounds Central Government/District revenues or Public / loans. If creatively administered sports Private Social housing Public Private Partnership: construction Public can generate adequate finds to service a of houses for sale to low income people: /Private loan through gate fees, or encouragement - Government to provide free land of private functions and facilitate negotiations of low interest loans to private developers by financial Source: Compiled by the Author, 2015 institutions. It is to be noted that there will be two types of investments where one will be private driven - Government to encourage the based on individual or corporate. This type of investment cannot be accurately determined formation of community housing since it will depend and vary with financial capacity of different investors. However, for cooperatives. In case of rental housing, purpose of facilitating such investment, it will require that public provides infrastructure. Government to facilitate cheap loans to

district authorities to build affordable The second category is public investment which involves projects that are public driven or houses for rental. developments that are purely for social benefit of the public at large. Community involvement Community centers Government/ district authority revenues. Public in the development of public projects should be encouraged; this however can only be effective /social hall NGOs funding local community labour. /Private if the public is well informed and educated in their role in overall development and maintenance of good environment. Education facilities Central Government/district authority Public

revenues. Local community labour in /Private 6.5. MONITORING AND EVALUATION MECHANISMS case of public schools where private investors confirm availability of funds, For successful implementation of proposed Detailed Physical Plans in Kinini and Shyorongi they should be facilitated to easily access Urban Centers of Rulindo District, it is necessary that clear mechanisms for monitoring the planned land for private schools. progress be put in place.

Health facilities Central Government/district authority Public The different roles of various implementing agencies will have to be spelt out through a well revenues. Local community labour in /private agreed upon sector implementation plans. The key ministries and departments will need to be case of public hospitals where private identified on the onset and a team composed of those key ministries to be set and established investors confirm availability of funds, to form the core implementing team. they should be facilitated to easily access planned land for development of private

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The role of the mayor and his two deputies assisted by Rulindo District One Stop Centre at ♣ The area is close to the main Road which is asphalt leading to Kigali City hence has local level is very critical in ensuring that the monitoring of the progress is well captured good accessibility. within their work plan as well as performance contracts. ♣ The terrain is fairly flat with challenging topographic features and hence development will be very easy. Continuous evaluation in terms of meetings key expected outputs by the district implementing ♣ There is already vibrant economic activities due to the proximity of the main roads sectors is very necessary and this role is expected to be played by the Rulindo District. It is essential that the District put clear and well agreed upon evaluation mechanisms for ♣ Infrastructure services like electricity, water and schools are fairly well developed monitoring and evaluating the progress of the holistic implementation agents and also provide ♣ NGOs like World Vision, SACCOS, etc working with the area hence able to support the necessary financial enhancement to the district finances. It’s is their role to link investors with government social services. the district authorities where investments can be private driven. There other areas have been assigned to Shyorongi Urban Centre where we have the market

The following table is providing more information about tangible mechanisms of Monitoring and a number of commercial activities including financial services. and Evaluation of the Implementation process of Kinini and Shyorongi Detailed Physical Plans We note though that a large percentage of land belongs to private individuals and hence in Rulindo District, control of development in the short time might be difficult. The following map is showing

It is proposed that there be four phases for the entire project which has been estimated to run development phases according to identified priorities from 2015-2035 as stipulated below

 Phase one: From 2015 to 2020;

 Phase two: From 2020-2025;  Phase three: From 2025-2030; and  Phase four: from 2030-2035

In phase one, we have proposed that we shall have the resettlement areas which have been designed to be taken into consideration in the development of Kinini and Shyorongi Urban Centers because of the following;

♣ It is the area that is already settled with most services so it will be easy to sustain and continue with the implementation of the proposals.

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Table 26: Implementation Mechanisms and Strategies

Targets Proposed Activities to meet targets Mechanisms and Strategies Implementers Funding Phased Break-down proposed implementation 1. Demarcate and place boundary on plots especially the section Rulindo District, RHA, District , LODA, Donors, Loans, development plans into smaller components based on with less buildings PSF, Local Community PSF, Cooperatives (SACCOs), based on availability of funds 2. Clear and remove top soil for road reserve to avoid through Umuganda NGOs and Civil Society priority areas Engage both private and public players in development/encroachment on road reserve. development 3. Build priority roads in phases e.g. from earth to murram then Improving housing, water and tarmac over a specified period of time. infrastructure. 3. Set water distribution points at strategic locations and later Regularization and incremental distribute closer to residents before connecting each household. upgrading of informal settlements 4. Allow people to upgrade their housing conditions in a regulated Low-cost housing and efficient energy manner and provide formal credit where possible supply 5. Encourage and assist in the development of alternative sources of energy e.g. biogas, solar Stimulate Promote investment in priority areas 1. Provide serviced land (with infrastructure and services) Rulindo District, RHA, District, LODA, Donors, Banks development Develop a strategic land bank for 2. Give tax breaks to investors PSF, Local Community Loans, PSF, Cooperatives through potential investors especially for high-rise 3. Quick approvals of building plans through Umuganda (SACCOs), NGOs and Civil incentives residential houses. 4. Encourage forming of cooperatives to develop houses in RDB, REMA, Society. serviced areas MINICOM, RRA, PSF, 5. Encourage production and use of locally available materials like MINIEAC bricks and tiles from clay Improve Improve environmental condition, better 1. Expand Roads, provide drainage, expand water points, Rulindo District, RHA, District, LODA, Donors, Banks existing sanitation, provide basic services & introduce open spaces, provide dumping containers within PSF, Local Community Loans, PSF, Cooperatives development utilities. neighborhood, encourage urban renewal –Repainting of buildings, through Umuganda (SACCOs), NGOs and Civil Encourage residents to improve their replace roofs, conserve existing vegetation RDB, REG, WASAC, Society. living condition through economic REMA, MINICOM, empowerment e.g. brick-making, RRA, PSF, MINIEAC carpentry, Home-based economic activities like tailoring, bread-baking etc Enhance access Facilitate access to credit for house 1. Use land titles as collateral to access credit Banks, Micro Finance Banks to formal credit improvement, redevelopment, for setting 2. Mortgage existing property Institutions (MFI), Local up small-scale business activities, 3. Form cooperatives and Sacco’s for periodic savings and community, Local develop rotating fund for housing advancing loans to members leaders finance, sensitize residents on use of

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credit facilities and proper financial management

Capacity Train district staff on how to implement 1. Strengthen the urban planning and land office Consultants. Rulindo Rulindo District, Donors, Ministries building the proposed plans. 2. Introduce planning and development control unit District, RIAM, RALGA, and Government agencies, NGOS, Liaise with one-stop centre staff and 3. Set up resource mobilization committees WDA, RNRA, PSCBS, PSF and Civil Society consultants in implementation RHA Apply / use of Set specific timelines 1. Set timelines for demarcation of plots and issuing all documents Rulindo District, RHA, Rulindo District, Donors, Ministries performance including building permits, clearing and grading of new roads, PSF, Local Community and Government agencies, NGOS, targets widening of existing roads through Umuganda PSF and Civil Society (Imihigo) RDB, REG, WASAC, REMA, MINICOM, RRA, PSF, MINIEAC Target Encourage Youth and Women to register 1. Start small business in areas of supplies, procurement of Banks, Micro Finance Banks Employment business materials and supplies by youth and women groups Institutions (MFI), Local creation community, Local leaders Policy Targeted policy that will encourage Develop policies that give priority to registered business of youth Central Government, - implementation business and or women to from specific districts to by-pass tough Stringent District Authority, and procurement rules and get tenders from central and local RPPA, Parliament, development of government to a maximum amount of 15million with support from Senate, cabinet youth and a revolving fund. Areas like supply of office consumables, water, women end year brochures, calendars, computer maintenance, supply of oriented office chairs, water, organizing and hosting government functions policies be given to these youth groups Zoning Map Combine all Data dealing with In GIS format develop on zoning map of the priority areas to be District One Stop Centre, Rulindo District elaboration, implementation and implemented Rulindo District, RNRA, Registration as well as issuance of Consultants, RHA building permit in a GIS format so as to make it easy to know the zone and the plans for the area

Source: Compiled by the Author, 2015

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Map 7 : Map for Implementation Phases (2015-2035)

Source: Compiled by the Author, 2015

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building, road construction, waste water collection, green 5.1. OBJECTIVES OF THE EIA STUDY

areas and treatment system, ) for which will require an The objective of the assignment is to assist the District of CHAPITRE 7 ENVIRONMENTAL environmental impact assessment as stipulated by Article 67 Rulindo to develop an Environmental Impact Assessment of the organic law № 04/2005 of 08/04/2005 determining CONSIDERATIONS (EIA) and an Environmental Management Plan (EMP) to the modalities of protection, conservation and promotion of ensure that the Detailed Plan for Shyorongi and Kinini The plan for Detailed Implementation Study for Shyorongi the environment of Rwanda requires that every Urban Centers in Rulindo District is elaborated and and Kinini Urban Centers in Rulindo District of Rwanda development project shall undergo an environmental impact implemented in an environmentally and socially sustainable shall result into an accelerated development and socio- assessment prior to its commencement. manner and in full compliance with Rwanda’s and economic environment due to anticipated economic This exercise therefore requires the preparation of an international environmental and social policies and infrastructures in the area and the Study Area. Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and an regulations. The initiation of Development Projects shall require a proper Environmental Management Plan (EMP). For the purposes The specific objectives are: and strong detailed planning that will help establish a of this assignment, “environment” is defined as the

coherent development strategy within and around the study biophysical environment, human uses of that environment (i) To assess the potential environmental and social areas and their vicinities. (e.g. farming), and cultural property as defined impacts of the elaboration and implementation of the internationally in World Bank OP 4.11 Physical Cultural Detailed Plan, whether positive or negative, and propose It is in this line that the Government of Rwanda through the Resources. mitigation measures which will effectively address the Ministry of Infrastructure down to the district of Rulindo has impacts; and committed to elaborate and implement the Detailed The EIA will be prepared in accordance with the

Implementation Plan for Shyorongi and Kinini Urban requirements of (i) Article 67 of the Organic Law N° 04/2005 (ii) To inform the project preparation process of the Centers in Rulindo District to go in line with existing policies of 08/04/2005 determining the modalities of protection, potential impacts of different alternatives, and relevant and development strategies. conservation and promotion of environment in Rwanda; and mitigation measures. (ii) applicable World Bank safeguard policies, especially OP This detailed planning and implementation will help to (iii) To gain public views, concern and value in regards to 4.01 Environmental Assessment, OP 4.04 Natural Habitats, improve land use and water management techniques and a the proposed project by consulting communities living in OP 4.09 Pest Management and OP 4.12 Involuntary sound biodiversity policy to combat deforestation, the close proximity to the proposed project sites. Resettlement. depletion of bio-diversity, erosion and land-slides, pollution (iv) To develop an environmental management and of waterways and the degradation of fragile ecosystems, The objectives of the EIA are to ensure environmental due monitoring plan. such as swamps and wetlands. diligence according to Rwandan Law and the Safeguard policies of the World Bank and other institutions which we The elaboration of this detailed Plan will involve a number refer to in the next chapters. of activities (construction of residential and commercial

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7.1 SCOPING EXERCISE region and internationally will also be reviewed, as a means 7.2.1 Preliminary Assessment/ Scoping EIA Study of understanding the actual impact of the elaboration and Scoping study was undertaken by the consultant with the A scoping study was done involving consultation with the implementation of the Detailed Plan. intention of collecting relevant information so as to assert an client ( Rulindo District), all involved sectors and cells informed EIA. 7.2 APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY OF THE EIA authorities (Lands officer, infrastructure officer, Coordinator

STUDY of one-stop-centre, GIS Technician, Officer in charge of The purpose of the scoping study for the Detailed Physical Urban & rural settlement, Heads of Imidugudu, Cell leaders, Plan for Shyorongi and Kinini urban centers was: This study followed procedures stipulated in the Organic among others) and local residents. Law N° 04/2005 of 08/04/2005 determining the modalities . To consider the main environmental problems to be of protection, conservation and promotion of environment in The scoping exercise entailed a preliminary visit to the studied, alternatives and to ensure that the spatial and Rwanda, international policies such as; World Bank proposed sites for the following reasons: temporal scopes and extent of the environmental assessment Safeguard policies, General Guidelines and Procedures for is compatible with the size of the project; • Site reconnaissance to understand the spatial coverage Environment Impact Assessment, ICAO and RCAA of the proposed sites its surroundings; . To determine appropriate EIA methods relevant to the environmental guidelines and policies. project’s potential environmental and socio-economic • Identification of the likely stakeholders who will be The study adopted the following approach: (i) scoping impacts; involved in the public consultation; study/ preliminary assessment, (ii) review of secondary data . To provide information to communities in areas on baseline information (iii) review of policies and • Preliminary findings of the existing environment; affected by the project on the environmental problems and regulations, (iv) review of previous meetings and (primary, biological and socio-cultural environment) alternatives so that they may take part in identification and consultations with stakeholders, (v) interviews with key • Preliminary predictions of likely positive and adverse assessment of the project’s environmental and socio- stakeholders, and (vi) field surveys at the proposed project impacts; economic impacts; sites in Rulindo district to gather information and data on

various aspects of the project sites. • And finally establishing clear boundaries of the study The scope of this study was restrained to the boundaries of and focus on the relevant issues concerning the study. proposed sites for the Study Area. This study investigated Priority Site locations, land cover, existing infrastructure the influence of the Detailed Plan, on the surrounding areas, were described fully with clear maps for a comprehensive The scoping study also involved literature review on province level and the national at large. This shall include; understanding of the area and project activities and to make elaborated Rulindo Local Urban Development Plan (LUDP) the area allocated for the Study Area. the task of planning and monitoring easier during the in 2012 which formed the skeleton of the study, implementation of the mitigation measures for the identified environmental and construction policies, World Bank The Study Area shall include the following sectors of impacts. The methodology is detailed hereafter. safeguard policies, ICAO guidelines, RCAA laws and other Rulindo district: Shyorongi, Rusiga and Mbogo. However, policies and regulations which were complemented by maps cumulative impacts on other sectors, the district, the nation, drawings, aerial photographs and field photographs

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showing the existing environmental conditions of the • RCAA standards and regulations Stakeholders consulted were informed on the proposed selected sites also formed the basis for the study Other than national policies and regulations influencing this project and asked to raise their concern on the proposed project, this review paid considerable attention to regional development plan elaboration and implementation. 7.22 Review of Institutional, legislative and Policy protocols, World Bank safe guard policies and International framework The stakeholders pointed out a number of issues and conventions. concerns. An issue raised by one individual or a group of An intense deskwork was done of existing institutional Regional protocols included among others: people was cross-checked by discussing it over with other legislation, policies, plans and programs, which might individuals or groups. influence the elaboration and implementation of the • EAC Protocol on Environment. development plan, maintenance and enhancement of the 7.3 BASELINE DATA AND INFORMATION World Bank Safeguard Policies included; environmental resources. Information on the physical, biological, socio-economic • Environmental Assessment (OP4.01, BP 4.01, GP 4.01), Institutions reviewed included; Ministry of Infrastructure, environment, institutional and legal regimes was collected • Involuntary Resettlement Operational Policy 4.12, Rwanda Housing Authority, Ministry of Natural Resources from a variety of sources, namely the Local Urban • Natural Habitats (OP 4.04, BP 4.04, GP 4.04), (MINIRENA), Rwanda Environment Management Authority Development Plan for Rulindo Urban Centers (Shyorongi • Forest Operational Policy 4.36, (REMA), Rwanda Development Board (RDB), Rulindo and Kinini) and general literature review, visual and • Pest Management Operational Policy 4.09, district authorities, among others. inspection, expert opinion, consultations with selected • Safeguarding Cultural property Operations Directive stakeholders and discussions with Rulindo district The literature review involved but was not restricted to the 11.03. authorities. following; International Conventions and institutions which include; • International Civil Aviation Organization This involved visits to the site earmarked for the project • Rulindo Local Urban Development Plan • United Nations Convention on Biological Convention, components and activities. The Consultant was accompanied • Organic Law no. 04.2005 establishing the modalities • Ramsar Convention on Wetlands among others. to the site for the scoping visit by the district authorities and of protection, conservation and promotion of the technical staff and local guides. Subsequent field surveys environment on, 7.3.1 Consultation with Stakeholders were done to capture a broad picture of the prevailing

The study applied different participatory methods, namely situation at the site, understand the socio-economic status of • EDPRS, interviews, one-to-one discussion, focused group discussions the project area and the project’s influence. Activities • National human resettlement policy, and official meetings with stakeholders. included: • National Water Resources Management Policy

• Water and Sanitation Policy The consultation was conducted with Rulindo district i. Appraisal of physical and biological environmental • Health Sector Policy authorities and staff and local residents to get the details of conditions of the project sites and areas that may be • Land Policy the proposed activities. impacted by or may have influence on the proposed elaboration and implementation of the Detailed Plan and its Final Report 79 Uram Int’l, Natubri Ltd & Ruka Enterprise Ltd IMPLEMENTATION STUDY OF THE LOCAL URBAN DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF RULINDO DISTRICT [SHYORONGI & KININI URBAN AREAS)

associated facilities and services namely; Water, climate, natural resources, to discourage any hazardous and obtaining authorisation for its implementation. This applies topography, soils, drainage/ hydrology, flora, fauna, etc. destructive means; promoting the social welfare of the to programmes and policies that may affect the environment. population considering equal distribution of the existing ii. Appraisal of adjacent land use, alternative sites or The ministerial order N° 004/2008 of 15/08/2008 establishes wealth; considering the durability of the resources with an technologies for the elaboration and implementation of the the list of activities or projects that have to undergo emphasis especially on equal rights on present and future Detailed Plan of Rulindo Study Area and assessment of other environmental impact assessment before commencement. generations; guarantying to all Rwandans sustainable relevant socio-economic parameters. development which does not harm the environment and The elaboration and implementation of the Detailed Plan for iii. Opinions of locals on the Detailed Plan, their opinions the social welfare of the population and setting up strategies Rulindo Study Areas (Shyorongi and Kinini urban centres) on likely positive and adverse impacts, proposals on of protecting and reducing negative effects on the fits the description of projects that require EIAs mentioned in mitigation measures to adverse impacts. environment and replacing the degraded annex 2 of this ministerial order. environment(Organic law, 2005). 7.4 IMPACTS ASSESSMENT Article 69 of this law, directs that the environmental impact The establishment of national policy of protection, assessment shall be examined and approved by the Rwanda The environmental and social impacts assessment was done conservation and promotion of the environment is the Environmental Management Authority or any other person by superimposing the LUDP elements onto the existing responsibility of the Government of Rwanda. It develops given a written authorization by the Authority, in this case environmental conditions of the proposed sites. strategies, plans and national program aiming at ensuring RDB-Environmental compliance unit. The environment Environmental impacts were then identified, their the conservation and effective use of environment resources. impact assessment shall be carried out at the expense of the significance assessed and mitigation/enhancement measures promoter. proposed. Simple matrices and Consultant’s expert This law covers all activities that might affect the natural judgment were used to assess the impacts. environment (such as; soil, water resources or air and 7.5.2 Organic law on land management biodiversity) and human activities (such as; construction 7.5 NATIONAL LEGAL AND POLICY FRAMEWORK For one to appreciate impacts on land of such irrigation works, waste disposal, forest burning, fishing, mining, schemes, it is relevant to understand what the organic law 7.5.1 Organic law determining the modalities of irrigation, etc.) on land management requires. environmental management In the framework of implementation of this organic law, the Rwanda land law institutes principles on land legal rights to This organic law determines the modalities of protecting, Rwanda Environment Management Authority (REMA) is the be followed throughout the country together with land conserving and promoting the environment in Rwanda. It public establishment with legal personality and authority to appendages, be they natural or man-made. aims at conserving the environment, people and their implement the articles of this law. habitats; setting up fundamental principles related to Article 3 of this law states that land is part of the public Under article 67 of the organic law 04/05, every project shall protection of environment, any means that may degrade domain of all Rwandans; ancestors, present and future be subjected to environmental impact assessment, before the environment with the intention of promoting the generations. With exceptions of the rights given to people, the state has supreme powers to manage all the national Final Report 80 Uram Int’l, Natubri Ltd & Ruka Enterprise Ltd IMPLEMENTATION STUDY OF THE LOCAL URBAN DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF RULINDO DISTRICT [SHYORONGI & KININI URBAN AREAS) land, and this is done in public interest aimed at sustainable, Article 19 of this law states that for the purpose of land resources and access of all to water and sanitation services. economic development and social welfare, in accordance exploitation, an efficient land structural exploitation chart is The strategies of water and sanitation services are: with procedures provided for by law. necessary to show settlement, agriculture, forestry, animal • Set up of politic, regulatory and institutional husbandry, factories, parks and general services areas, lakes In that regard, it is the state that guarantees the right to own framework favorable to rational water resources and rivers, mining and quarries, marshes and other natural and use the land. The state also has rights to expropriation management; reserves. The exploitation of all these lands shall be due to public interest, settlement and general land regulated by specific laws. • Integration of gender to water resources management; management through procedures provided by law and prior to appropriate compensation. (Organic law, 08/2005) Under chapter IV of rights and obligations of landowners, • Development of water supply systems and sanitation article 67 states that a landowner has no right to hinder services; Article 4, 5 and 6 go on to state that any discrimination either underground activities or those in the air on his/her land based on sex or origin in matters relating to ownership or • Development of storage and conservation of water when such activities are useful to others. He/she shall possession of rights over the land is prohibited. The wife and infrastructures for multiple uses (agriculture, energy, always receive compensation for any loss caused by such the husband have equal rights over the land. Any person or environment, tourism, etc.); activities. It is understood that areas around the base of the association with legal personality that owns land either mountain fall under this category, implying expropriation of • Promotion of river and lacustrine transport. through custom, or who acquired it from competent land with plantations or in some cases houses. authorities or who purchased it are allowed to own it on Compensation shall be necessary, however, what matters The sector-based strategy, in coherence with the national long term lease in conformity with provisions of this organic most is how it shall carried out and whether the both parties strategy for poverty reduction and international and regional law. Any person whether a Rwandan or a foreigner who shall be sufficiently satisfied. The land costing gazette shall goals, was developed taking into account the Sector Wide invested in Rwanda, or an association with legal personality be followed along with a Resettlement Action Plan prepared Approach (SWAP) approach, the good quality policy and the shall enjoy full rights of ownership of land reserved for for this project, the moment the client Guidance on land use participation of all actors; in particular, all concerned residential, industrial, commercial, social or cultural and around aerodrome communities in the good development of sector-based scientific services. strategy and its implementation. 7.6 WATER AND SANITATION POLICY While Article 7 emphasizes the fact that this organic law The Medium Term Expenditure Framework was used to protects equally the rights over the land acquired from Likewise, as land will be used for this project, water too shall ensure the coherence between the strategy and available custom and the rights acquired from written law. With be used for construction purposes and during the resources within the sector. Also, the water and sanitation regard to the law, owners of land acquired from custom are implementation of the Detailed Plan of Rulindo Study Area strategy is in complementary with national options such as: all persons who inherited the land from their parents, those hence the need to review of the water and sanitation policy. (i) labor intensive national policy; (ii) gender aspect ; who acquired it from competent authorities or those who (iii)Information and Communication Technology ; (iv) the The overall objective of the sector is to improve the living acquired it through any other means recognized by national HIV/AIDS ; and (v) environmental concern. conditions of the population through optimal use of water custom whether purchase, gift, exchange and sharing.

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The Government of Rwanda has engaged a preparation of order to create new levels of cooperation between countries This policy elaborates responsibilities of different partners to strategic investment in the development and protection of in key sectors. Concerning water, strong interest was avoid the dissipation of recurrent sources of water, such as; the country’s water resources which are critical elements in focused on the development and on the integrated water sector institutions, under decentralization districts owning the economic and social developments. The first phase of resources management, water resources protection, water up and in some cases the population and stakeholders this program launched since 2003 comprised of the following and sustainable development in towns and rural areas, and developing a participatory approach to develop and elements: impacts of climate changes on water resources. conserve waters. Any exploitation of waters along the • As for Millennium development Goals (MDGs), for alignment of the project or around the houses shall follow • An Institutional component which will establish the water and sanitation, the United Nations adopted, for this strict regulations regarding water and sanitation policy. policy basis, the legislative framework and the required millennium, the following action plans: (i) Reduction of the institutional arrangements through which the function of 7.7 NATIONAL HUMAN SETTLEMENT POLICY IN population margin that has no sustainable access to drinking water resources management will be undertaken by the RWANDA water by 2015; (ii) Development of water resources government; management frameworks; (iii) Increase the production The ministerial order n° 001/07.05 of May 19, 2009 relating • A Technical component which intends in establishing benefits by water in irrigation systems for food security, to the implementation of the national programme on : (i) an information system that enables the institutions in suppression of the pressure on environment, promotion of regrouped settlement in « IMIDUGUDU » defines charge of water resources management to have better the possibility to use water in other productive sectors; (iv) settlement, Umudugudu and rural area as follows: knowledge, at any time, of the current situation (water Safeguard human lives by ensuring acceptable drinking (i) Settlement is a mode of human populating into groups of quality, quantity available) and to assess the critical issues on water quality; (v) Mobilize the financing of national dwellings. This populating mode is distinguished by the various sectors of the water use and to prepare the resources investment needs in the water sector; (vi) measurement and physical aspect of the inhabited area and implementation of the pertinent solutions. Reinforce the institutions and techniques of the country in especially by the activities of the population. Therefore, there order to implement integrated water resources management • A Human resource development component which exist two kinds of settlement: rural and urban settlement. policies; (vii) Protect the water surface quality and enabling the assessment of the human resource development groundwater as well as the aquatic ecosystems and coastal UMUDUGUDU is defined as a mode of planned settlement and capacity building needs ensures that the water resources regions. made of between 100 and 200 houses by site in rural areas. management functions are efficiently and well performed at Measurements of plot reserved for « UMUDUGUDU » range all levels. By elaborating and implementing the Detailed Plan of from 10 to 20 hectares with a possibility or capacity of Rulindo Study Area, there is a likelihood that the ground Rwanda commits itself to a number of international extension and as far as possible a space provided for various and surface water sources could be tampered with or even agreements. For example; non-agricultural activities so as to allow the population to exploited, hence need for strict monitoring of the extent of earn their lives. The combination of all these elements • Agenda 21 of the United Nations Conference on effect of the project on these natural resources especially constitutes the UMUDUGUDU. environment and development held in Brazil, which had an since such springs are sources of wells downstream where objective to establish a new world balance of partnership in locals fetch water. Final Report 82 Uram Int’l, Natubri Ltd & Ruka Enterprise Ltd IMPLEMENTATION STUDY OF THE LOCAL URBAN DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF RULINDO DISTRICT [SHYORONGI & KININI URBAN AREAS)

The rural area is defined by its geographical situation and and those who belong to vulnerable and disadvantaged dwelling in terms of size and to financial conditions activities that are carried out by its population based groups. With regard to the latter, they should be provided compatible with revenues of the households concerned. especially on agriculture and livestock. This rural area is with special support in collaboration with the International v. In this country, the development of human settlement characterized by a low number of houses which in general Community and Non-Governmental and Community should enhance economic development, employment and do not rise high, as well as roomy agricultural fields and Organizations. social progress. Thus, the improvement of the conditions of pastures. These characteristics allow differentiating between iii. The type of human settlement recognized in Rwanda human settlement has been recognized as an essential rural and urban areas. is the planned one both in urban and rural areas, as opposed component of the Economic Development and Poverty In its efforts to ensure decent housing to all Rwandans and to unplanned and scattered settlement. A thus in urban area, Reduction Strategy 2008-2012. make human settlements more secure, salubrious, viable, a town development plan is a pre-requisite to any type of vi. Sustainable human settlement must be consistent with equitable, sustainable and productive, the Government will development. Master development plans and town plans environment requirements. National objectives for be guided by the following principles in line with the major will be prepared for towns where there is none and sustainable development aim at economic and social national policies, the United Nations Charter and the upgraded for those that have expired. According to the development within the framework of a secure environment objectives of the United Nations Commission for Human provisions of the provisional Ministerial order No. which should always be protected. Settlements. MINITRAPE/01/97 of 9 January 1997 enforcing the national

human settlement policy adopted in 1996, the type of vii. All the economic players (public sector, private sector, i. The Government of Rwanda recognizes the resettlement accepted in rural areas is the regrouped NGOs and households) are required to take an active part in fundamental right to housing for every citizen as specified in settlements (imidugudu) to encourage the creation of the planning and establishment of sustainable human international instruments to which Rwanda has subscribed, development centres and break away from the traditional settlement. including the Istanbul Declaration and the Programme for scattered housing. Human Settlements (June 1996), the Millennium viii. The Government of Rwanda will strengthen solidarity Development Goals (February 2002), the World Summit on iv. Access by everybody to basic goods, infrastructure with the International Community and its organizations Sustainable Development (July – August 2002). To this end, and services and to collective amenities is a determining with a view to ensuring proper housing for all Rwandans it is determined to provide the population with easy access element for the quality of life in settlement sites both in and realizing the objectives set. to decent housing and to protect and improve the conditions urban and rural areas. In particular, the expansion and ix. The family is the smallest unit of the Rwandan of housing and residential areas. development of unplanned residential areas should be society. In this regard, in terms of planning human checked and these should be restructured. Eviction and ii. It is committed to establish sustainable human settlements, consideration will be given to the constructive expropriation operations should be in line with the settlements in both urban and rural areas which are role of the family in their design, development and fundamental rights of tenants, especially the right to a economically viable and socially integrated, where the rights management. rehousing of almost similar conditions with the previous of each and everyone are recognized, especially women, children, persons with disability, persons living in poverty,

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x. Gender equality is a key principle in the development • The selected Imudugudu site should not be suitable natural resources within their jurisdiction including trans of human settlements. The Government will endeavour to for agriculture boundary ecosystems and natural resources. take into account the concerns of gender equality in the • The selected Imudugudu site should neither be in a Article 3 of this Protocol states that it is a protocol of legislations, programmes and projects relating to human hilly, slope or swampy area general application and shall apply to all activities, settlements. matters and areas of management of the environment and • Between each household to another, there should be a xi. With an eye to the implementation of the national natural resources of the Partner States, including the distance of 8-10m human settlement policy, the Government of Rwanda will following:(i)sustainable environment and natural resources

ensure that HIV/AIDS concerns and youth employment are • The recommended houses in Imidugudu should have management; (ii) management of trans boundary resources; taken into consideration in all endeavours relating to human an area of 42 square metres, that is to say a 3 bed roomed (iii)conservation of biological diversity; (iv)management of settlements. house and a sitting room. forest and tree resources; (v)management of wildlife resources; (vi) management of water resources; (vii) 7.7.1 Guidelines for imidugudu settlements (No • The main house should also have a kitchen and a management of wetland resources; (viii) management of MINITRAP/01/19) store of an area equal to 12 and 6 sq meters respectively coastal and marine resources; (ix) management of fisheries The Guidelines for imidugudu settlements (No resources; (X)management and access to genetic resources; • There should also be a toilet with an area of 4 sq MINITRAP/01/1997 Annex 17) guide the development of (xi)management of mineral resources; (xii)management of metres which is 12-20 meters deep. new settlement sites including land acquisition, construction energy resources; (xiii)management of mountain ecosystems; processes and materials, future expansion etc. Specific • The main house should have a foundation between (xiv)soil and land use management; (xv) management of provisions that apply to imidugudu development under 40-80 cm with a width of 40cm rangelands; (xvi) combating desertification and mitigating Ministerial Order No MINITRAP/01/1997 that are relevant the effects of drought; (xvii) protection of the ozone layer; • Construction materials can either be burnt bricks or to this project include: (xviii) tourism development; (xix) biosafety and mud blocks depending on the geographical area. biotechnology; (xx)management of chemicals; (xxi) • "The only acceptable way of people living in rural • The Government of Rwanda is currently encouraging management of wastes and hazardous wastes; (xxii) areas is by living in Grouped Settlements Imidugudu use of tiles in roofing of houses in settlement sites because of pollution control and management; (xxiii)environmental

• Rwandans are allocated plots of land within the their durability. impact assessment and environmental audits; (xxiv) Imidugudu, and its prohibited to build outside the environmental standards; (xxv) military and hostile 7.7.2 EAC protocol on environment and natural resources designated Imidugudu sites" activities; (xxvi) environmental education and capacity Regional policies and regulations building; (xxvii) public participation, access to information • The number of households in imudugudu site should and justice; and (xxviii)environmental disaster preparedness be between 100 to 200 households. This Protocol shall apply to the East Africa Partner States’ and management. cooperation in the management of the environment and

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Although the elaboration and implementation of the LUDP • Human performance in the application of the aspects. Environmental Assessment considers natural and of Rulindo Study Area is not a trans-boundary project, a operating procedures. social aspects in an integrated way. good reference can be made on the EAC protocol in regards In addition, it states that a there is a number of Generally, an environmental screening of each proposed with development plans in the member countries. environmental impacts associated with aviation activities project should be under taken to determine the appropriate

7.8 INTERNATIONAL POLICIES AND REGULATIONS which affect the surroundings of an airport: aircraft noise, extent and type of Environmental Assessment. It involves effects on air quality in the vicinity of airports, global classification of the proposed project into one of four 7.8.1 ICAO Annex 16 Environmental Protection environmental problems to which airports contribute, birds categories, depending on the type, location, sensitivity, and ICAO Annex 16 (3rd Edition 1993) deals with aircraft noise strike, environmental problems arising from the construction scale of the project and the nature and magnitude of its only and provides detailed guidance on noise evaluation and expansion of airports or associated infrastructure, water potential environmental impacts. procedures and methods, measurement, maximum noise and soil pollution in the vicinity of airports, effects of waste (a) Category A: A proposed project is classified as Category levels, trade-offs and test procedures. According to Part V of generated from airports, environmental problems arising A if it is likely to have significant adverse environmental the Annex aircraft operating procedures for noise abatement from aircraft accidents, incidents or emergency procedures. impacts that are sensitive, diverse, or unprecedented. These shall not be introduced unless the regulatory Authority, The environmental impact assessment for the elaboration impacts may affect an area broader than the sites or facilities based on appropriate studies and consultations, determines and implementation of Detailed Plan for Rulindo Study Area subject to physical works. Environmental Assessment for a that a noise problem exists. ICAO further recommends that shall analyse the mentioned impacts and propose mitigation Category A project examines the project's potential negative aircraft operating procedures for noise abatement should be measure to eliminate or alleviate or eliminated those and positive environmental impacts, compares them with developed in consultation with the operators, which use the impacts. those of feasible alternatives (including the "without project" aerodrome concerned. situation), and recommends any measures needed to 7.8.2 World Bank Safeguard policies The factors to be taken into consideration in the prevent, minimize, mitigate, or compensate for adverse development of appropriate aircraft operating procedures a. Environmental Assessment- OP/BP 4.01 impacts and improve environmental performance. For a for noise abatement should include the following: Category A project, the proponent is responsible for It is internationally required that environmental assessment preparing a report, normally an EIA (or a suitably • The nature and extent of the noise problem including (EA) of projects is proposed for financing to help ensure that comprehensive regional or sectoral Environmental the location of noise sensitive areas; and critical hours. they are environmentally sound and sustainable, and thus to Assessment). improve decision making. • The types of aircraft affected, including aircraft mass, (b) Category B: A proposed project is classified as Category B aerodrome elevation, temperature considerations; It takes into account the natural environment (air, water, and if its potential adverse environmental impacts on human land); human health and safety; social aspects (involuntary • The types of procedures likely to be most effective; populations or environmentally important areas--including resettlement, indigenous peoples, and physical cultural wetlands, forests, grasslands, and other natural habitats--are resources); and trans boundary and global environmental • Obstacle clearances; and less adverse than those of Category A projects. These

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impacts are site-specific; few if any of them are irreversible; community institutions and social networks are weakened; (a) the involuntary taking of land resulting in; (i) relocation and in most cases mitigation measures can be designed more kin groups are dispersed; and cultural identity, traditional or loss of shelter; (ii) loss of assets or access to assets; or (iii) readily than for Category A projects. The scope of authority, and the potential for mutual help are diminished loss of income sources or means of livelihood, whether or Environmental Assessment for a Category B project may or lost. This policy includes safeguards to address and not the affected persons must move to another location; or vary from project to project, but it is narrower than that of mitigate these impoverishment risks. (b) the involuntary restriction of access to legally designated Category A Assessment. Like Category A Environmental Involuntary resettlement may cause severe long-term parks and protected areas resulting in adverse impacts on Assessment, it examines the project's potential negative and hardship, impoverishment, and environmental damage the livelihoods of the displaced persons. positive environmental impacts and recommends any unless appropriate measures are carefully planned and measures needed to prevent, minimize, mitigate, or This policy applies to all components of a project that result carried out. For these reasons, the overall objectives of this compensate for adverse impacts and improve environmental in involuntary resettlement, regardless of the source of policy on involuntary resettlement are the following: performance. financing. It also applies to other activities resulting in (a) Involuntary resettlement should be avoided where involuntary resettlement, that in the judgment of the (c) Category C: A proposed project is classified as Category C feasible, or minimized, exploring all viable alternative responsible authorities, are: (a) directly and significantly if it is likely to have minimal or no adverse environmental project designs. related to the project, (b) necessary to achieve its objectives impacts. Beyond screening, no further Environmental as set forth in the project documents; and (c) carried out, or Assessment action is required for a Category C project. (b) Where it is not feasible to avoid resettlement, planned to be carried out, contemporaneously with the resettlement activities should be conceived and executed as Basing on the components of the elaboration and project. sustainable development programs, providing sufficient implementation of Detailed Plan of Rulindo Study Area, this investment resources to enable the persons displaced by the To address the impacts of this policy, it is necessary that project may be classified as Category A project and as such project to share in project benefits. Displaced persons should proponent prepares a resettlement plan or a resettlement requires an EIA. be meaningfully consulted and should have opportunities to policy framework that covers the following: b. Involuntary resettlement OP/BP- 4.12 participate in planning and implementing resettlement (a) The resettlement plan or resettlement policy framework programs. International experience indicates that involuntary includes measures to ensure that the displaced persons are: resettlement under development projects, if unmitigated, (c) Displaced persons should be assisted in their efforts to (i) informed about their options and rights pertaining to often gives rise to severe economic, social, and improve their livelihoods and standards of living or at least resettlement; (ii) consulted on, offered choices among, and environmental risks: production systems are dismantled; to restore them, in real terms, to pre-displacement levels or provided with technically and economically feasible people face impoverishment when their productive assets or to levels prevailing prior to the beginning of project resettlement alternatives; and (iii) provided prompt and income sources are lost; people are relocated to implementation, whichever is higher. effective compensation at full replacement cost for losses of environments where their productive skills may be less assets attributable directly to the project. This policy also covers direct economic and social impacts applicable and the competition for resources greater; that both result from investment projects, and are caused by:

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(b) If the impacts include physical relocation, the rehabilitation of natural habitats and their functions in its d. Physical Cultural resources- OP/BP- 4.11 resettlement plan or resettlement policy framework includes economic and sector work, project financing, and policy This policy addresses physical cultural resources, which are measures to ensure that the displaced persons are: (i) dialogue. The proponent is expected to apply, a defined as movable or immovable objects, sites, structures, provided assistance (such as moving allowances) during precautionary approach to natural resource management to groups of structures, and natural features and landscapes relocation; and (ii) provided with residential housing, or ensure opportunities for environmentally sustainable that have archaeological, paleontological, historical, housing sites, or, as required, agricultural sites for which a development. architectural, religious, aesthetic, or other cultural combination of productive potential, locational advantages, In the areas of project intervention, the proponent should significance. Physical cultural resources may be located in and other factors is at least equivalent to the advantages of identify; (a) natural habitat issues and special needs for urban or rural settings, and may be above or below ground, the old site. natural habitat conservation, including the degree of threat or under water. Their cultural interest may be at the local, Where necessary to achieve the objectives of the policy, the to identified natural habitats (particularly critical natural provincial or national level, or within the international resettlement plan or resettlement policy framework also habitats), and (b) measures for protecting such areas in the community. include measures to ensure that displaced persons are: (i) context of the country's development strategy. As Physical cultural resources are important as sources of offered support after displacement, for a transition period, appropriate, Country Assistance Strategies and projects valuable scientific and historical information, as assets for based on a reasonable estimate of the time likely to be incorporate findings from such economic and sector work. economic and social development, and as integral parts of a needed to restore their livelihood and standards of living; Under the project design and implementation, the developer people’s cultural identity and practices. and(ii) provided with development assistance in addition to may promote and support natural habitat conservation and compensation measures;(iii) such as land preparation, credit The objective of this policy is to assist countries to avoid or improved land use by financing projects designed to facilities, training, or job opportunities. mitigate adverse impacts on physical cultural resources from integrate into national and regional development the development projects. The impacts on physical cultural The elaboration and implementation of Detailed Plan of conservation of natural habitats and the maintenance of resources resulting from project activities, including Rulindo Study Area shall require big area coverage to ecological functions. Furthermore, the developer should mitigating measures, may not contravene either the national accommodate all the components of the master plan. promote the rehabilitation of degraded natural habitats. legislation, or its obligations under relevant international Depending on the area allocated, this already shall involve The proponent is not expected to engage a project that environmental treaties and agreements. voluntary or involuntary resettlement. involves the significant conversion or degradation of critical Impacts on physical cultural resources in projects needed to c. Natural habitat- OP/BP- 4.04 natural habitats. In this case, the houses shall be constructed be addressed, as an integral part of the environmental in already developed areas, even though it is for residential The conservation of natural habitats, like other measures that assessment (EA) process. The steps elaborated below follow development, it is very crucial that precautions to conserve protect and enhance the environment, is essential for long- the EA sequence of: screening; collecting baseline data; natural habitats are followed to maintain the area as was or term sustainable development. The proponent should, impact assessment; and formulating mitigating measures at least with minimal but containable impacts. therefore, support the protection, maintenance, and and an environmental management and monitoring plans.

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The following projects are classified during the country’s overall policy framework and national legislation provision of financial and technological support to environmental screening process as Category A or B, and are and takes into account institutional capabilities with regard developing countries. subject to the provisions of this policy: (a) any project to physical cultural resources. Cooperate in preparing for adaptation to the impacts of involving significant excavations, demolition, movement of 7.8.3 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate climate change. earth, flooding, or other environmental changes; and (b) any Change (UNFCCC) project located in, or in the vicinity of, a physical cultural 7.9 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK resources site recognized nationally. Projects specifically UNFCCC provides the basis for global action "to protect the For the elaboration and implementation of the Detailed Plan designed to support the management or conservation of climate system for present and future generations". The for Shyorongi and Kinini urban centers in Rulindo District, a physical cultural resources are individually reviewed, and Convention has been universally signed by 189 countries. number of key implementers shall be involved that include; are normally classified as Category A or B. Rwanda is a signatory to this convention. MININFRA, RTDA, RHA, MINIRENA, REMA, RDB and The developer identifies physical cultural resources likely to The main objective of this Convention is to achieve stable Rulindo local government under the district and sectors be affected by the project and assesses the project’s potential greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level involvement. The roles and responsibilities of each of these impacts on these resources as an integral part of the EA that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference implementers are elaborated hereafter. process, in accordance with the Bank’s EA requirements. with the climate system. Such a level should be achieved MININFRA within a time frame sufficient to allow ecosystems to adapt When the project is likely to have adverse impacts on naturally to climate change, to ensure that food production is The government institution has to ensure the sustainable physical cultural resources, the developer identifies not threatened and to enable economic development to development of infrastructure and contribute to economic appropriate measures for avoiding or mitigating these proceed in a sustainable manner. growth with a view to enhancing the quality of life of the impacts as part of the EA process. These measures may population. This is implemented through some of its range from full site protection to selective mitigation, The Convention requires a framework for inter-government agencies which are Rwanda Housing Authority (RHA) and including salvage and documentation, in cases where a efforts to tackle the challenge posed by climate change. It Rwanda Transport Development Authority (RTDA). portion or all of the physical cultural resources may be lost. recognizes that the climate system is a shared resource

whose stability can be affected by industrial and other RHA As an integral part of the EA process, the developer emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases. develops a physical cultural resources management plan that Rwanda Housing Authority has the mission of includes measures for avoiding or mitigating any adverse At the UNFCC Convention, governments: implementing the National Housing, Urbanization, impacts on physical cultural resources, provisions for construction and Government Assets management policies Gather and share information on greenhouse gas emissions, managing chance finds, any necessary measures for through coordination, conception, development, monitoring national policies and best practices. strengthening institutional capacity, and a monitoring and evaluation of actions and programs set out in its system to track the progress of these activities. The physical Launch national strategies for addressing greenhouse gas mission. The main objective of the Housing Authority is cultural resources management plan is consistent with the emissions and adapting to expected impacts, including the contribute to sustainable growth and poverty reduction Final Report 88 Uram Int’l, Natubri Ltd & Ruka Enterprise Ltd IMPLEMENTATION STUDY OF THE LOCAL URBAN DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF RULINDO DISTRICT [SHYORONGI & KININI URBAN AREAS) through the development of infrastructure, building of and efficient land management, Environment protection, 7.10 PUBLIC CONSULTATION, SOCIAL AND internal workforce capacity and the promotion of related Water Resources and evaluating their implementation. This ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION services in Rwanda. implies that it shall oversee all aspects regarding MEASURES environmental monitoring and appropriate natural resources While its specific objective is to ensure adequate Issues raised during the stake holder engagement process exploited through project activities. MINIRENA delegates institutional, legal and regulatory framework (including (see pictures beside) were compiled and summarized in the some of these responsibilities to REMA and RDB. capacity building), increase the volume of infrastructure and table below and have been elaborated in more details and equipment, ensure quality of services, minimize and stabilize REMA considered in proceeding chapters for impact assessment costs, increase accessibility, ensure continuity/durability, and incorporation in the Environmental impact and REMA, as the authorized Government institution to and ensure safety in housing infrastructure for its management plan. determine modalities of protection, conservation and user/beneficiaries. promotion of the environment in Rwanda, shall review the 7.11 WASTE MANAGEMENT RTDA EIA report, authorize the project to proceed by issuing a certificate through its department located in RDB and The solid wastes are likely to be from the local municipality. Rwanda Transport Development Agency (RTDA) is a public periodically monitor the implementation project activities to The composition of municipal waste varies greatly from institution in charge of managing and monitoring all ensure mitigation measures are implemented and that it has country to country and changes significantly with time. In activities in the transport sector. no adverse impacts on the environment. countries which have a developed recycling culture, the The objectives of RTDA are the following: reduce and waste stream consists mainly of intractable wastes such as Local Government control transport costs, assure the quality and durability of plastic film, and un-recyclable packaging. the rural, urban and international transport network, Local government shall be considered under the jurisdiction Most definitions of solid waste do not include industrial improve safety for goods and passengers on the principle of Rulindo district and all concerned sectors, cells and wastes, agricultural wastes, medical waste, radioactive waste modes of transport, increase mobility of the population in villages. Local authorities that include District Mayor and or sewage. Waste collection is performed by the municipality order to improve access to essential services, education, and Executive secretaries for the sectors and cells shall be at the within a given area. employment, establish a system to ensure sustainable forefront of mobilizing locals to participate in financing of road maintenance and facilitate access to cost implementation of the project, sensitization of locals on The term residual waste relates to waste left from household effective transport services project components and anticipated benefits, compensation sources containing materials that have not been separated of affected property, conflict resolutions amongst locals, out or sent for reprocessing. Waste can be classified in MINIRENA among others. several ways but the following list represents a typical The Ministry of Natural Resources (MINIRENA) is classification: considered as the Government’s arm responsible for  Biodegradable waste: food and kitchen waste, green establishing norms and practices for rational exploitation waste, paper (can also be recycled). Final Report 89 Uram Int’l, Natubri Ltd & Ruka Enterprise Ltd IMPLEMENTATION STUDY OF THE LOCAL URBAN DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF RULINDO DISTRICT [SHYORONGI & KININI URBAN AREAS)

 Recyclable material: paper, glass, bottles, cans, metals, Waste management is a distinct practice from resource Another common product of landfills is gas (mostly certain plastics, fabrics, clothes, batteries etc. recovery which focuses on delaying the rate of consumption composed of methane and carbon dioxide), which is

 Inert waste: construction and demolition waste, dirt, of natural resources. All wastes materials, whether they are produced as organic waste breaks down anaerobically. This rocks, debris. solid, liquid, gaseous or radioactive fall within the remit of gas can create odor problems, kill surface vegetation, and is a

 Electrical and electronic waste, electrical appliances, waste management. greenhouse gas. TVs, computers, screens, etc. Waste management practices can differ for developed and Design characteristics of a modern landfill include methods  Composite wastes: waste clothing, Tetra Packs, waste developing nations, for urban and rural areas, and for to contain leachate such as clay or plastic lining material. plastics such as toys. residential and industrial producers. Management of non- Deposited waste is normally compacted to increase its  Hazardous waste including most paints, chemicals, hazardous waste residential and institutional waste in density and stability, and covered to prevent attracting light bulbs, fluorescent tubes, spray cans, fertilizer metropolitan areas is usually the responsibility of local vermin (such as mice or rats). Many landfills also have and containers government authorities, while management for non- landfill gas extraction systems installed to extract the landfill  Toxic waste including pesticide, herbicides, hazardous commercial and industrial waste is usually the gas. Gas is pumped out of the landfill using perforated pipes fungicides responsibility of the generator subject to local, national or and flared off or burnt in a gas engine to generate electricity.  Medical waste. international controls. Composting The generation of solid waste is the stage at which materials 7.12 SOLID WASTE METHODS OF DISPOSAL become valueless to the owner and since they have no use Rulindo District has a big part which is rural where the main Landfill for them and require them no longer, they wish to get rid of activity is agriculture and the government of Rwanda is them. Items which may be valueless to one individual may Disposal of waste in a landfill involves burying the waste, encouraging the population to use composting of their not necessarily be valueless to another. For example, waste and this remains a common practice in most countries. wastes to get fertilizers, but in Rulindo District and more items such as tins and cans may be highly sought after by Landfills were often established in abandoned or unused specifically in Kinini and Shyorongi Urban Centers, solid young children (Harvey, 2002). quarries, mining voids or borrow pits. waste is not well managed using composting. This is done at the level of household especially in the rural part of the 7.13PROPOSED WASTE MANAGEMENT MECHANISMS A properly designed and well-managed landfill can be a District where people have enough land, every family collect hygienic and relatively inexpensive method of disposing of Waste management is the collection, transport, processing or its waste into a hole and let them to be decomposed by waste materials. Older, poorly designed or poorly managed disposal, managing and monitoring of waste materials. The bacteria, but also composts can provide a certain amount of landfills can create a number of adverse environmental term usually relates to materials produced by human income from collected waste. This technique is easier, impacts such as wind-blown litter, attraction of vermin, and activity, and the process is generally undertaken to reduce chipper and economically profitable their effect on health, the environment or aesthetics. generation of liquid leachate. Recycling and Reusing

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Recycling is a resource recovery practice that refers to the Incineration is carried out both on a small scale by produce energy or refined into other chemical products collection and reuse of waste materials such as empty individuals and on a large scale by industry. It is used to (chemical refinery). The solid residue (char) can be further beverage containers. The materials from which the items are dispose of solid, liquid and gaseous waste. It is recognized as refined into products such as activated carbon. made can be reprocessed into new products. Material for a practical method of disposing of certain hazardous waste Gasification of liquid waste is used to convert organic recycling may be collected separately from general waste materials (such as biological medical waste). Incineration is a materials directly into a synthetic gas composed of carbon using dedicated bins and collection vehicles are sorted controversial method of waste disposal, due to issues such as monoxide and hydrogen. The gas is then burnt to produce directly from mixed waste streams and are known as kerb- emission of gaseous pollutants. electricity and steam. An alternative to pyrolisis is high side recycling, it requires the owner of the waste to separate Incineration is common in countries such as Japan where temperature and pressure supercritical water decomposition it into various different bins (typically wheelie bins) prior to land is scarcer, as these facilities generally do not require as (hydrothermal monophasic oxidation). its collection. much area as landfills. Waste-to-energy (WtE) or energy- 7.15 WASTE HIERARCHY The type of material accepted for recycling varies by city and from-waste (EfW) is broad terms for facilities that burn The waste hierarchy is defined to be the classification of country. Each city and country have different recycling waste in a furnace or boiler to generate heat, steam or waste management options in order of their environmental programs in place that can handle the various types of electricity. impact, such as: reduction, reuse, recycling and recovery. In recyclable materials. However, certain variation in 7.14 ENERGY RECOVERY AND WASTE TO ENERGY general the waste hierarchy has five steps: prevention; acceptance is reflected in the resale value of the material preparing for re-use; recycling; other recovery, such as once it is reprocessed. The energy content of waste products can be harnessed energy recovery; and disposal. The figure below is directly by using them as a direct combustion fuel, or Incineration summarizing the waste hierarchy indirectly by processing them into another type of fuel. Incineration is a disposal method in which solid organic Thermal treatment ranges from using waste as a fuel source The waste hierarchy has taken many forms over the past wastes are subjected to combustion so as to convert them for cooking or heating and the use of the gas fuel (see above), decade, but the basic concept has remained the cornerstone into residue and gaseous products. This method is useful for to fuel for boilers to generate steam and electricity in a of most waste minimization strategies. The aim of the waste disposal of residue of both solid waste management and turbine. hierarchy is to extract the maximum practical benefits from solid residue from waste water management. products and to generate the minimum amount of waste. Pyrolysis and Gasification are two related forms of thermal This process reduces the volumes of solid waste to 20 to 30 treatment where waste materials are heated to high Some waste management experts have recently incorporated percent of the original volume. Incineration and other high temperatures with limited oxygen availability. The process an additional re-think, with the implied meaning that the temperature waste treatment systems are sometimes usually occurs in a sealed vessel under high pressure. present system may have fundamental flaws, and that a described as "thermal treatment". Incinerators convert waste thoroughly effective system of waste management may need Pyrolysis of solid waste converts the material into solid, materials into heat, gas, steam and ash. an entirely new way of looking at waste. Source reduction liquid and gas products. The liquid and gas can be burnt to involves efforts to reduce hazardous waste and other

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materials by modifying industrial production. Source reduction methods involve changes in manufacturing

technology, raw material inputs, and product formulation. At times, the term "pollution prevention" may refer to source reduction.

7.16 LIQUID WASTE MANAGEMENT

Water supply and sanitation is characterized by a rapid increase in access over the past years, aided by a clear

government policy and significant donor support, in response to poor sustainability of water systems and poor service quality. Access to adequate basic sanitation remains

woefully low at less than 10%, according to the 2005 Integral Household Living Conditions Survey.

The standard sanitation technology in urban areas is the

collection of waste water in sewers, its treatment in wastewater treatment plants for reuse or disposal in rivers, lakes or the sea. Sewers are either combined with storm drains or separated from them as sanitary sewers.

Sewer may refer to the Part of sewerage, the infrastructure that conveys sewage; the Effluent sewer, a collection system that transports only the liquid portion of wastewater through small-diameter pipes laid at contour; the Sanitary sewer, a system of pipes used to transport human waste; the Storm drain, a collection and transportation system for storm water; the Combined sewer, a system performing both the functions of a sanitary sewer and a storm sewer. The following figures can provide more clarification.

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Table 27: Summary of issues rose during public consultation Issues at hand Stake holders Response to issues at hand

Resettlement without compensation Local community Expropriation/ compensation shall be applied according to the law, and payment shall be done prior to commencement of the project

Lack of Detailed Plan implementation Local community Some residents of proposed sites do not know the project of the implementation of the Detailed Plan of Rulindo Study awareness by local residents Area. Here, more sensitization campaigns are suggested after it is approved.

Loss of livelihoods due to resettlement to other Local communities The affected/ resettled people shall be located in areas where facilities (water, electricity, schools, market, health areas center, churches and access roads) are available for a smooth resettlement.

Resistance to move to other places Local community Sensitization of locals on profitability of the implementation of the Detailed Plan within and around the study areas shall be crucial and compensation exercise shall be clear and speeded up.

Over reliance on agriculture of residents in the Local farmers Farmers in the proposed areas shall be compensated with other farms in areas far from the project area. proposed sites for the Detailed plan

Destruction of Crops without earlier warning Local farmers/ Clear planning schedule will be drawn, which will be referred to inform farmers not cultivate before construction Livestock farmers commences.

Redundancy of farmers during construction Local farmers Alternative source of income by employing them in the implementation of the Detailed Plan

Possibility of low wages to local workers during Local residents of the Rulindo district authorities project shall ensure minimum wages by Rwanda labour law are followed by the project the implementation of the Detailed Plan around areas contractors the airport

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Table 28: Anticipated Environmental and Social Impacts and Mitigation Measures Environmental Proposed Mitigation Measures Responsibility for Monitoring and Impacts Evaluation

Air pollution by dust • The demolition and construction exercises will be limited at day time only • Project proponent generated during • All personnel working on the project will be trained prior to commencing the demolition exercise on methods for minimizing • Rulindo District project negative impacts on air quality. • REMA implementation • Construction vehicle drivers will be under strict instructions to minimize unnecessary trips, refill petrol fuel tanks in the afternoon and minimize idling of engines.

• All active demolition areas will be watered at least twice a day to reduce dust.

• All trucks hauling demolition debris/wastes shall be covered.

• Careful screening to contain and arrest demolition related dust will be adopted

• Exposed demolition debris of e.g. dust and sand, will be enclosed, covered, and watered daily before transported to disposal site.

• Demolition activities will be suspended when wind speed exceeds 25 mph.

• Windbreakers will be installed at the windward side of the construction site. • All workers on the site will be required to wear protective helmets and clothing while on duty

Noise pollution by • Explosives will not be used during the exercise • Project proponent demolition activities. • Portable barriers will be installed to shield compressors and other small stationery equipment where applicable. • Rulindo District

• Use of equipment designed with noise control elements will be adopted where necessary. • REMA

• Trucks used during demolition exercise on site shall be routed away from noise sensitive areas in the neighborhood, where feasible.

• Sound barriers are to be installed for pile driving activities.

• Idling time for pickup trucks and other small equipment will be minimized to limited time.

• Use of very noisy equipment will be limited to daytime only.

• All workers operating in noisy areas or operating noisy equipment will be provided with earpieces to protect against extreme noise.

• The demolition exercise will be limited at day time only

Proliferation of • Private contractor will be engaged to collect demolition debris/wastes • Project Proponent uncollected • All debris/wastes to be collected regularly to control air pollution and injury etc • Rulindo District

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demolition debris • Receptacles will be provided for storage of light demolition products e.g. timber, plastics tiles etc • RHA

and related wastes • Refuse collection vehicles will be covered to prevent scatter of waste by wind.

• A licensed operator will collect demolition debris and avoid illegal dumping at unauthorized sites.

• All persons involved in refuse collection shall be in full protective attire.

Workers accidents • All workers will be sensitized before the exercise begins, on how to control accidents related to the demolition exercise • Project proponent

during demolition • A comprehensive contingency plan will be prepared before demolition begins, on accident response.

process • Adherence to safety procedures will be enforced at all stages of the exercise

• All workers, pursuant to labour laws, shall be accordingly insured against accidents.

• All workers will be instructed to wear protective clothing and head helmet during demolition.

• Demolition work will be limited to daytime only avoid workers accidents due to poor visibility

Source: Compiled by the Author, 2015

The following table is coming in with more details about key interventions to be done during the phases of project implementation in Kinini and Shyorongi Urban Centers

The following table is coming in with more details about key interventions to be done during the phases of project implementation in Kinini and Shyorongi Urban Centers

Table 29: Key interventions and possible aspects to be considered Themes Possible aspects to consider Interventions Mining. extraction of There will be extraction of rocks from quarries for Backfilling of quarries with suitable materials, compaction and tree planting are recommended minerals for construction building materials. and excavation in Clay soils will be utilized for brick production Shyorongi Urban Center, Rulindo District Water extraction (surface- and groundwater) for Continued extraction is discouraged, natural water points should be given at least 8 hours a day to consumption by the population together with major revitalize Water use and construction. management Waste water discharges to rivers, streams, swamps Waste waters especially from construction sites should be discharged to a central point awaiting tests before being discharged further Land management Land use planning –incompatibility and sustainability All plans proposed must be approved by stakeholders with the guide of land use planning experts Forest extraction should be limited to a few chosen trees. Permission from the district and REMA officials at Forest exploitation. Forest extraction: Use of non-timber forest products, the district must be acquired before any forest is harvested. It is proposed that alternative sources other biodiversity Fires Introduction of alien species than timber should be used for construction Connection to the national grid is proposed to the site to minimize burning of fossil fuels and use of wood Sources of energy: Energy consumption, Energy Energy production and use products. Utility of energy efficient gadgets is also recommended for example the use of energy saving efficiency bulbs

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Urbanization, Urban growth and sprawl, urban planning. dams, All plans for urban development are recommended for implementation and urban boundaries should be infrastructure and roads, major infrastructure, polluting industries, respected. Further development on agricultural land is discouraged and all development should be industries tourism approved by the district before commencement. Waste production should be minimized and any waste generated should be separated as per the types. Waste production, Waste management, Public Collection for recycling and reuse should be given priority and collection should be systematic and timely Waste disposal and behavior and practices, existing systems, hazardous management waste management Any development that generates hazardous waste should be located away from settlement and licensed handlers should be contracted. Emissions of greenhouse gases and ozone- Harmful emissions are not allowed in the area. Any development that may lead to production of harmful depleting substances gases should not be licensed to operate until they adequately put in place measures to curb these emissions Atmospheric emissions Air pollutants affecting local or regional air quality

Source: Compiled by the Author, 2015

Integrating environmental issues in business management, such as those related to real estate development is that it increases efficiency while enhancing the project proponent financial and environmental management.

Table 30: EM.Plan Matrix for the Proposed Development Environmental and Social Proposed Mitigation Measures and project alternatives Responsibility for Responsible for Monitoring and Frequency for Impacts Mitigation Evaluation Monitoring

Modification of Micro -  Careful layout and orientation of buildings to respect • Project proponent • Rulindo district officials Periodic checks Climate microclimate: wind and sun direction. • Public Health Officer  The project will use minimum reflective building materials and • MINIRENA and REMA finishes for roof, walls and paving. inspectors

Increased development  The proposed development will strictly adhere to the conditions • Project Proponent • Rulindo district officials Periodic checks density likely to adversely attached to its approval such as zoning guidelines that include • Public Health Officer affect ecological carrying plot/ground coverage and floor index/plot ratio. • REMA inspectors capacity. • MININFRA

Air pollution and dust  All personnel working on the project will be trained prior to • Project proponent • Rulindo district officials Periodic and surprise generated during starting construction on methods for minimizing air quality impacts • Public Health Officer checks construction process. during construction. • REMA inspectors  Construction vehicle drivers will be under strict instructions to minimize unnecessary trips, refill petrol fuel tanks in the afternoon and • MINIRENA minimize idling of engines.  All active construction areas will be watered at least twice a day

Final Report 96 Uram Int’l, Natubri Ltd & Ruka Enterprise Ltd IMPLEMENTATION STUDY OF THE LOCAL URBAN DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF RULINDO DISTRICT [SHYORONGI & KININI URBAN AREAS)

to reduce dust.  All trucks hauling soil, sand and other loose materials shall be covered.  This includes all paved parking areas and staging areas at construction site.  Traffic speed of construction/other vehicles will be restricted to not more than 15 mph.  Use of dust nets to reduce spreading of dust  Use of low sulphur diesel  Careful screening of construction site to contain and arrest construction-related dust.  Vegetation will be replanted in disturbed areas as soon as possible.  Exposed stockpiles of e.g. dust and sand, will be enclosed, covered, and watered daily, or treated with non-toxic soil binders.  Excavation and grading activities will be suspended when wind speed exceeds 25 mph.  Windbreakers will be installed at the windward side of the construction site.  All workers on the site will be required to wear protective clothing while on duty Noise pollution by  Portable barriers will be installed to shield compressors and • Project proponent • Rulindo district officials Periodic and surprise construction activities. other small stationery equipment where applicable. • contractor • Public Health Officer checks  Use of equipment designed with noise control elements will be • REMA inspectors adopted where necessary.  Trucks used at construction site shall be routed away from noise • Ministry of Labour sensitive areas in the neighborhood, where feasible.  Sound barriers are to be installed for pile driving activities.  Idling time for pickup trucks and other small equipment will be minimized to limited time.  Use of very noisy equipment will be limited to daytime only.  All workers operating in noisy areas or operating noisy equipment will be provided with earpieces to protect against extreme noise.  Use of manual labour as much s possible Workers accidents and  Adequate collection and storage of waste will be provided on • Project proponent • Rulindo district officials Periodic and surprise hazards when handling site, and safe transportation to, and display methods at designated • Public Health Officer checks hazardous wastes. areas. • REMA inspectors  All receptacles for storing hazardous wastes shall be adequately

Final Report 97 Uram Int’l, Natubri Ltd & Ruka Enterprise Ltd IMPLEMENTATION STUDY OF THE LOCAL URBAN DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF RULINDO DISTRICT [SHYORONGI & KININI URBAN AREAS)

covered. • Ministry of Labour  All employees will be required to wear protective clothing when handling hazardous wastes.  All workers will be adequately insured against unforeseen accidents. Proliferation of uncollected  Private contractor will be engaged to collect solid waste • Project Proponent • Rulindo district officials Periodic and surprise solid waste. generated. • Public Health Officer checks  Wastes to be collected regularly to control air pollution and • REMA inspectors vermin/insects etc.  Resource recovery will be encouraged once the project takes off • MINIRENA so as to shrink waste stream and recover non-recyclables.  Refuse collection vehicles will be covered to prevent scatter of wastes by wind.  Waste should be disposed off at a designated site/landfill.  Provide collection bins at designated area  All persons involved in refuse collection shall be in full protective attire. Workers accidents during  All workers will be sensitized before construction begins, on • Project proponent • Rulindo district officials construction process. how to control accidents related to construction. • Public Health Officer  A comprehensive contingency plan will be prepared before • REMA inspectors construction begins, on accident response.  Accordingly, adherence to safety procedures will be enforced. • Ministry of Labour  All workers, pursuant to labour laws, shall be insured against accidents.  All workers will be instructed to wear protective clothing during construction, including helmets.  Construction work will be limited to daytime only Increased surface run off  Surface run off and roof water will be harvested and stored. • Project proponent • Rulindo district officials Periodic checks leading to flooding, from  Storm water management plan that minimizes impervious area • Public Health Officer paved grounds and increases infiltration by use of recharge areas, and use of retention, • REMA inspectors expansive roofs. and/or retention with graduated outlet control structures, will be used. • MININFRA

Pressure on infrastructure  Delivery and collection hours by service vehicles will be limited • Project proponent • Rulindo district officials Periodic checks and services, i.e. traffic to off-peak hours. • Public Health Officer related conflicts, water,  Service deceleration line will be provided at the entry point. • REMA inspectors power and sanitation.  Connection to Council water supply line  Adequate roof and water storage tanks will be provided. • Ministry of Labour  Promote recycling of water  Installation of solar panels

Final Report 98 Uram Int’l, Natubri Ltd & Ruka Enterprise Ltd IMPLEMENTATION STUDY OF THE LOCAL URBAN DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF RULINDO DISTRICT [SHYORONGI & KININI URBAN AREAS)

 Standby generator will be installed to ensure uninterrupted power supply. Mushrooming of informal  Pursuant to the relevant laws and policy, development control is • Project proponent • Rulindo district officials Periodic and surprise business to be enforced around the project site. • Public Health Officer checks

• REMA inspectors

• MINICOM

Water supply and  Regular inspection and maintenance of water and sewer system. • Project proponent • Rulindo district officials Periodic checks sewer/storm water  Before construction begins, it will be determined where sewer • Public Health Officer breakdown. and water pipes are located to avoid reticulation break down. • REMA inspectors

• EWSA

• MININFRA

Inadequate human waste  As provided for by the Building Code, a temporary latrine will • Project proponent • Rulindo district officials Periodic checks disposal by workers during be provided on site to be used by construction workers • Public Health Officer construction process • REMA inspectors

• Ministry of Labour

• EWSA

Fire Outbreak  All occupants to be trained on fire fighting • Project proponent • Rulindo district officials Periodic checks  Regular fire drills to be conducted to enhance emergency • Public Health Officer response • REMA inspectors  Fire extinguishers and related equipment to be strategically installed within the building • MININTER  Building to be adequately insured against fire • MIDIMAR  Instructions on how to respond during fire emergencies to be strategically placed in the building  Building to be regularly inspected to ensure that all standards related to fire disaster control are adhered to  Adequate water storage will be maintained for fire fighting

Source: Compiled by the Author, 2015

Final Report 99 Uram Int’l, Natubri Ltd & Ruka Enterprise Ltd IMPLEMENTATION STUDY OF THE LOCAL URBAN DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF RULINDO DISTRICT [SHYORONGI & KININI URBAN AREAS)

Figure 22: Housing typologies: Residential House: High Density CHAPITRE 8 ENGINEERING PART(RESIDENTIAL,INFRASTRUCTURES,

8.1 HOUSING MODELS AND PROPOSALS Reference was made to the existing conditions, as discussed in the third chapter of this document, key factors related to population income, construction materials, existing land use and proposed land uses conducted to the proposals for housing development with systematic measurement aligned to the size of plots as summarized in the following table:

Table 31: Plot sizes and house measurements Category Plot Size (m) House Measurements Built up Area % of occupacy (m) (m2) High 15x20 9*11 99 33 Density Midium 20*25 12*14 168 34 Density

Low 20*30 14*15 210 35 Density 14.5x15.5 224 30 Source: Generated by the Consultant Team, 2015

The following architectural drawings providing more details about housing models and proposals, as well as their corresponding cost estimates,

Final Report 100 Uram Int’l, Natubri Ltd & Ruka Enterprise Ltd IMPLEMENTATION STUDY OF THE LOCAL URBAN DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF RULINDO DISTRICT [SHYORONGI & KININI URBAN AREAS)

Final Report 101 Uram Int’l, Natubri Ltd & Ruka Enterprise Ltd IMPLEMENTATION STUDY OF THE LOCAL URBAN DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF RULINDO DISTRICT [SHYORONGI & KININI URBAN AREAS)

Final Report 102 Uram Int’l, Natubri Ltd & Ruka Enterprise Ltd IMPLEMENTATION STUDY OF THE LOCAL URBAN DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF RULINDO DISTRICT [SHYORONGI & KININI URBAN AREAS)

Table 32:Bills of Quantities 7.3 Doors and windows fittings Ls 1 25,000 25,000 Sub-Total 375,000 N° DESCRIPTION OF WORKS Unit Quantity Rate Amount(Rwf) VIII Wall coverings I Preliminary works 8.1 Inside coating of cement m² 185 4,500 832,500 1.1 Installation and folding of the Ls 1 80,000 80,000 8.2 Glazed ceramic tiles for toilets 15x15 m² 65.5 18,000 1,179,000 construction site 8.3 Outside coating of cement m² 45.8 4,500 206,100 1.2 Excavation of the platform(100cm) m3 58 1,500 87,000 Sub-Total 2,217,600 Sub-Total 167,000 IX. Floor coverings II Earthworks 2.1 Stripping of topsoil on 20 cm m3 32 1,500 48,000 9.1 Rubble brush sub-paving, thickness 15 m² 68.5 4,500 308,250 cm 2.2 Backfilling - excavation for leveling m3 62.1 2,200 136,620 9.3 Sidewalk + channel m² 58 12,000 696,000 2.3 Hand excavations for foundations pit m3 123.2 1,800 221,760 and continuous bed plate 9.5 tiles for interior of house m² 8.5 21,000 178,500 Sub-Total 1,182,750 2.4 Manual embankments tamped between m3 121.5 20,000 2,430,000 foundations X Painting Sub-Total 2,836,380 10.1 Latex painting on interior + outside wall m² 342 2,400 820,800 III. Insulation 10.2 Varnish on flush doors m² 45.5 2,800 127,400 3.1 asphalt felt (roofing for protection)10cm Rm 64 1,500 96,000 10.3 Latex Painting on false ceilings m² 26.5 2,400 63,600 Sub-Total 96,000 Sub-Total 1,011,800 IV Masonry XI Equipments 4.1 Masonry of rubble foundation m3 72.1 3,605,000 11.1 Cupboard (Wood) u 2 160,000 320,000 (basement) 50,000 Sub-Total 320,000 4.2 Elevation with baked brick / local type m3 36 58,000 2,088,000 XII Plumbing 4.3 Masonry of partition (20x20x20)cm m3 0.5 10,500 5,250 12.1 WC U 1 30,000 30,000 Sub-Total 5,698,250 12.2 Septic tank U 1 1,200,000 1,200,000 V Concrete 12.3 galvanized pipes ¾ " + accessories Ls 1 85,000 85,000 5.1 Reinforced concrete (R.C.) for bed plate m3 4 350,000 1,400,000 12.4 galvanized pipes ½ "+ accessories Ls 1 65,000 65,000 5.2 Sub pillars in R.C. m3 0.2 350,000 70,000 12.5 toilet paper holder U 1 5,500 5,500 5.3 Pillar in R.C. m3 0.2 350,000 70,000 12.6 Soap dish U 1 5,500 5,500 5.4 R.C. for window support m3 0.1 350,000 35,000 12.7 towel holder U 1 5,500 5,500 5.5 R.C. for Stairs m3 0.5 350,000 175,000 Sub-Total 1,396,500 Sub-Total 1,750,000 XIII Evacuation VI Covering / false ceiling 13.1 PVC pipes (diameter = 50) Ls 1 120,000 120,000 6.1 Covering with “bacs autoportants” 28 m² 120 1,440,000 13.2 PVC pipes (diameter = 75) Ls 1 90,000 90,000 BG good quality 12,000 13.3 PVC pipes (diameter = 110) Ls 1 110,000 110,000 6.2 Ridge tile ml 8.2 6,000 49,200 Sub-Total 320,000 6.3 Metal gutters (20 x 20) Ls 1 13,000 13,000 XIV Electrical laying on Supply 6.4 PVC downpipes Diam. 110 Ls 1 7,500 7,500 14.1 strip light of 60 U 4 8,000 32,000 6.5 False ceiling with plywood 5 mm, Ls 1 11,000 11,000 14.2 strip light of 120 U 5 9,500 47,500 6.6 Roof timbers or structure 60 x 40 U 8 4,500 36,000 14.3 strip light of 120 / watertight U 2 10,000 20,000 Sub-Total 1,556,700 14.4 ceiling porthole U 4 9,200 36,800 VII Windows and doors 14.5 watertight porthole U 5 12,000 60,000 7.1 Doors and windows frames U 6 55,000 330,000 14.6 Socket + Ground connection U 7 7,500 52,500 7.2 Shutters of doors and windows Ls 1 20,000 20,000 14.7 Push button U 3 3,200 9,600 14.8 Junction box Ls 1 700 700

Final Report 103 Uram Int’l, Natubri Ltd & Ruka Enterprise Ltd IMPLEMENTATION STUDY OF THE LOCAL URBAN DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF RULINDO DISTRICT [SHYORONGI & KININI URBAN AREAS)

Sub-Total 259,100 specified(1cm) XV Sanitation Sub- total 360,000 15.1 Septic tank for 5 users U 1 200,000 200,000 IX FLOORING 15.2 PVC tank of 5 m3 with all laying U 1 200,000 200,000 9.1 25mm C.C. floor Sq.m 48 6,000 288,000 constraints Sub- total 288,000 Sub-Total 400,000 X ELECTRICAL LAYING ON SUPPLY Grand Total 19,587,080 10.1 strip light of 60 U 6 8,000 48,000 10.2 strip light of 120 U 7 9,500 66,500 N° DESCRIPTION OF WORKS Unit Quantity Rate Amount (Rwf) 10.3 strip light of 120 / watertight U 3 10,000 30,000 I PRELIMINARY WORKS 10.4 ceiling porthole U 5 9,200 46,000 1.1 Site installation Ls 1 150,000 150,000 10.5 watertight porthole U 7 12,000 84,000 1.2 Excavation of the platform cum 21.6 1500 32,400 10.6 Socket + Ground connection U 20 7,500 150,000 Sub -total 182,400 10.7 Push button U 3 3,200 9,600 II FOUNDATION WORKS 10.8 Junction box Ls 1 700 700 2.1 Trenches to receive foundation cum 3.5 3000 10,500 Sub-Total 434,800 2.2 Stone masonry in foundation cum 4 75,000 300,000 XI PLUMBING Sub -total 310,500 11.1 galvanized pipes ¾ " + accessories Ls 1 85,000 85,000 III CONCRETE 11.2 galvanized pipes ½ "+ accessories Ls 1 65,000 65,000 3.1 Lime concrete in foundation cum 1 40,000 40,000 Sub-Total 150,000 3.2 Stone for pavement cum 1 75,000 75,000 XII SANITATION 3.3 Cement Concrete bed cum 0.6 100,000 60,000 12.1 Cesspool U 1 300,000 300,000 Sub- total 175,000 12.2 Septic tank for 5 users U 1 200,000 200,000 IV DAMP PROOF COURCE (D.P.C) 12.3 PVC tank of 3 m3 with all laying U 1 300,000 300,000 4.1 Thickness should be mentioned ml 28 1,500 42,000 constraints 2mm) Sub-Total 800,000 Sub- total 42,000 XIII EVACUATION V BRICK WORK 13.1 PVC pipes (diameter = 50) Ls 1 130,000 130,000 5.1 Brick work in super cum 110 2,000 220,000 13.2 PVC pipes (diameter = 75) Ls 1 120,000 120,000 structure(1m3=32brick) 13.3 PVC pipes (diameter = 110) Ls 1 150,000 150,000 5.2 earth mortar for jointing bricks cum 4 2,000 8,000 Sub-Total 400,000 Sub- total 228,000 GRAND TOTAL 3,891,700 VI WOOD WORK 6.1 Panel Doors in wood number 5 18,000 90,000

6.2 windows number 4 8,000 32,000 6.3 wood for trusses ml 126 1,000 126,000 Sub- total 248,000 VII ROOF COVERING 7.1 Roof type Galvanized sheets number 30 6,000 180,000 7.2 Metallic gutters ml 18 3,500 63,000 7.3 Drainage of rain water in PVC 110 2 15,000 30,000 Sub- total 273,000 VIII PLASTERING AND FINISHING 8.1 Plastering -Cement or Lime mortar Sq.m 180 2,000 360,000 (thickness and proportion

Final Report 104 Uram Int’l, Natubri Ltd & Ruka Enterprise Ltd IMPLEMENTATION STUDY OF THE LOCAL URBAN DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF RULINDO DISTRICT [SHYORONGI & KININI URBAN AREAS)

Figure 23: House typology_ Residential House: Medium Density Table 33: Bills of Quantities -Medium density N° DESCRIPTION OF WORKS Unit Quantity Rate Amount(Rwf) I Preliminary works 1.1 Installation and folding of the Ls 1 120,000 120,000 construction site 1.2 Excavation of the platform(100cm) m3 98 1,500 147,000 Sub-Total 267,000 II Earthworks 2.1 Stripping of topsoil on 20 cm m3 42 1,500 63,000 2.2 Backfilling - excavation for leveling m3 98 2,200 215,600 2.3 Hand excavations for foundations pit m3 163.2 1,800 293,760 and continuous bed plate 2.4 Manual embankments tamped m3 121.5 20,000 2,430,000 between foundations Sub-Total 3,002,360 III. Insulation 3.1 asphalt felt (roofing for Rm 100 1,500 150,000 protection)10cm Sub-Total 150,000 IV Masonry 4.1 Masonry of rubble foundation m3 114 5,700,000 (basement) 50,000 4.3 Elevation with baked brick / local m3 56.2 3,259,600 type 58,000 4.6 Masonry of partition (20x20x20)cm m3 3 10,500 31,500 Sub-Total 8,991,100 V Concrete 5.1 Reinforced concrete (R.C.) for bed m3 8 350,000 2,800,000 plate 5.2 Sub pillars in R.C. m3 0.5 350,000 175,000 5.3 R.C. for longitudinal beam m3 3.5 350,000 1,225,000 5.4 Pillar in R.C. m3 0.2 350,000 70,000 5.5 R.C. for window support m3 0.2 350,000 70,000 5.6 R.C. for Stairs m3 1.8 350,000 630,000 Sub-Total 4,970,000 VI Covering / false ceiling 6.1 Covering with “bacs autoportants” m² 170 2,040,000 28 BG good quality 12,000 6.2 Ridge tile ml 10.2 6,000 61,200 6.3 Metal gutters (20 x 20) Ls 1 15,000 15,000 6.4 PVC downpipes Diam. 110 Ls 1 9,500 9,500 6.5 False ceiling with plywood 5 mm, Ls 1 12,500 12,500 6.7 inspection hatch 60 x 40 U 10 6,500 65,000 6.8 Roof timbers or structure 60 x 40 U 12 4,500 54,000

Final Report 105 Uram Int’l, Natubri Ltd & Ruka Enterprise Ltd IMPLEMENTATION STUDY OF THE LOCAL URBAN DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF RULINDO DISTRICT [SHYORONGI & KININI URBAN AREAS)

Sub-Total 2,257,200 13.3 PVC pipes (diameter = 110) Ls 1 150,000 150,000 VII Windows and doors Sub-Total 400,000 7.1 Doors and windows frames U 6 80,000 480,000 XIV Electrical laying on Supply 7.2 Shutters of doors and windows Ls 1 25,000 25,000 14.1 strip light of 60 U 5 8,000 40,000 7.3 Doors and windows fittings Ls 1 30,000 0,000 14.2 strip light of 120 U 6 9,500 57,000 Sub-Total 535,000 14.3 strip light of 120 / watertight U 2 10,000 20,000 VIII Wall coverings 14.4 ceiling porthole U 4 9,200 36,800 8.2 Inside coating of cement m² 223.2 4,500 1,004,400 14.5 watertight porthole U 5 12,000 60,000 8.3 Glazed ceramic tiles for toilets 15x15 m² 85.6 18,000 1,540,800 14.6 Socket + Ground connection U 10 7,500 75,000 8.4 Outside coating of cement m² 58.5 4,500 263,250 14.7 Push button U 3 3,200 9,600 Sub-Total 2,808,450 14.8 Junction box Ls 1 700 700 IX. Floor coverings Sub-Total 299,100 9.1 Rubble brush sub-paving, thickness m² 78.5 4,500 353,250 XV Sanitation 15 cm 15.1 Septic tank for 5 users U 1 200,000 200,000 9.3 Sidewalk + channel m² 68.2 12,000 818,400 15.2 PVC tank of 5 m3 with all laying U 1 500,000 500,000 9.5 tiles for interior of house m² 12.5 21,000 262,500 constraints Sub-Total 1,434,150 Sub-Total 700,000 X Painting Grand Total 31,890,000 10.1 Latex painting on interior + outside m² 532.50 1,278,000 wall 2,400 10.2 Varnish on flush doors m² 65.2 2,800 182,560 10.3 Latex Painting on false ceilings m² 55.2 2,400 132,480 Sub-Total 1,593,040 XI Equipments

11.1 Cupboard (Wood) u 3 180,000 540,000 Sub-Total 540,000 XII Plumbing 12.1 WC U 2 105,000 210,000 12.5 Pedestal washbasin U 2 320,000 640,000 12.7 Shower tray U 2 55,000 110,000 12.8 Water heater U 2 150,000 300,000

12.10 Cesspool U 1 300,000 300,000 12.11 Septic tank U 1 2,000,000 2,000,000 12.13 galvanized pipes ¾ " + accessories Ls 1 120,000 120,000 12.14 galvanized pipes ½ "+ accessories Ls 1 100,000 100,000 12.16 Manhole (40 x 40) Ls 2 60,000 120,000 12.18 toilet paper holder U 2 5,500 11,000 12.19 Soap dish U 2 5,500 11,000 12.20 towel holder U 2 5,500 11,000 12.21 Mirror U 2 4,800 9,600 Sub-Total 3,942,600 XIII Evacuation 13.1 PVC pipes (diameter = 50) Ls 1 130,000 130,000 13.2 PVC pipes (diameter = 75) Ls 1 120,000 120,000

Final Report 106 Uram Int’l, Natubri Ltd & Ruka Enterprise Ltd IMPLEMENTATION STUDY OF THE LOCAL URBAN DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF RULINDO DISTRICT [SHYORONGI & KININI URBAN AREAS)

Figure 24: House typology_ Residential House: Low Density

Final Report 107 Uram Int’l, Natubri Ltd & Ruka Enterprise Ltd IMPLEMENTATION STUDY OF THE LOCAL URBAN DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF RULINDO DISTRICT [SHYORONGI & KININI URBAN AREAS)

Table 34: Bills of Quantities –Low Density 6.2 Ridge tile ml 15.2 6,000 91,200 6.3 Metal gutters (20 x 20) Ls 1 15,000 15,000 N° DESCRIPTION OF WORKS Unit Qty Rate Amount(Rwf) 6.4 PVC downpipes Diam. 110 Ls 1 9,500 9,500 I Preliminary works 6.5 False ceiling with plywood 5 mm, Ls 1 12,500 12,500 1.1 Installation and folding of the Ls 1 120,000 120,000 6.7 inspection hatch 60 x 40 U 10 6,500 65,000 construction site 6.8 Roof timbers or structure 60 x 40 U 12 4,500 54,000 1.2 Excavation of the platform(100cm) m3 124 1,500 186,000 Sub-Total 2,407,200 Sub-Total 306,000 II Earthworks VII Windows and doors 2.1 Stripping of topsoil on 20 cm m3 50 1,500 75,000 7.1 Doors and windows frames or U 6 120,000 720,000 2.2 Backfilling - excavation for leveling m3 110 2,200 242,000 chow hats, rafters 7.2 Shutters of doors and windows Ls 1 30,000 30,000 2.3 Hand excavations for foundations m3 180.2 1,800 324,360 (thickness specified) pit and continuous bed plate 7.3 Doors and windows fittings(like Ls 1 40,000 40,000 2.4 Manual embankments tamped m3 155.6 20,000 3,112,000 hinges, tower bolts, sliding bolts, between foundations handles) Sub-Total 3,753,360 Sub-Total 790,000 III. Insulation VIII Wall coverings 3.1 asphalt felt (roofing for Rm 120 1,500 180,000 8.2 Inside coating of cement m² 253.2 4,500 1,139,400 protection)10cm 8.3 Glazed ceramic tiles for toilets m² 110 1,980,000 Sub-Total 180,000 15x15 18,000 IV Masonry 3 8.4 Outside coating of cement m² 98.2 4,500 441,900 4.1 Masonry of rubble foundation m 162 50,000 8,100,000 Sub-Total 3,561,300 4.3 Elevation with baked brick / local m3 74.7 4,332,600 IX. Floor coverings type (e = 10 cm) 58,000 4.6 Masonry of partition (20x20x20)cm m3 3.8 10,500 39,900 9.1 Rubble brush sub-paving, m² 130.2 4,500 585,900 thickness 15 cm Sub-Total 12,472,500 9.3 Sidewalk + channel m² 120 12,000 1,440,000 V Concrete 9.5 tiles for interior of house m² 32 21,000 672,000 5.2 Reinforced concrete (R.C.) for bed m3 15 350,000 5,250,000 plate Sub-Total 2,697,900 5.3 Sub pillars in R.C. m3 5.1 350,000 1,785,000 X Painting 5.4 R.C. for longitudinal beam m3 12.5 350,000 4,375,000 10.1 Latex painting on interior + outside m² 812.00 1,948,800 wall 2,400 5.5 R.C. for access stairs m3 1.5 350,000 525,000 10.2 Varnish on flush doors m² 80.5 2,800 225,400 5.6 R.C for slabs m3 20 350,000 7,000,000 10.3 Latex Painting on false ceilings m² 98.2 2,400 235,680 5.7 Pillar in R.C. m3 10 350,000 3,500,000 Sub-Total 2,409,880 5.8 R.C. for window support m3 0.5 350,000 175,000 XI Equipments 5.9 R.C. for clamping m3 3 350,000 1,050,000 11.1 Cupboard (Wood) U 3 250,000 750,000 5.10 R.C. for beams m3 9 350,000 3,150,000 Sub-Total 750,000 5.11 R.C. for Stairs m3 1.8 350,000 630,000 XII Plumbing Sub-Total 27,440,000 12.1 WC U 3 122,500 367,500 VI Covering / false ceiling 12.2 Sink with double vat U 1 4,500 4,500 6.1 Covering with “bacs autoportants” m² 180 2,160,000 12.3 Sink with mixer tap U 2 5,500 11,000 28 BG good quality 12,000 12.4 Pedestal sink U 1 75,000 75,000

Final Report 108 Uram Int’l, Natubri Ltd & Ruka Enterprise Ltd IMPLEMENTATION STUDY OF THE LOCAL URBAN DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF RULINDO DISTRICT [SHYORONGI & KININI URBAN AREAS)

12.5 Pedestal washbasin U 2 350,000 700,000 8.2 PROPOSED FOOT BALL PLAYGROUND 12.7 Shower tray U 3 85,000 255,000 12.8 Water heater U 2 150,000 300,000 8.2.1 Proposed Hand Ball playground 12.10 Cesspool U 1 300,000 300,000 12.11 Septic tank U 1 2,000,000 2,000,000 12.13 galvanized pipes ¾ " + accessories Ls 1 120,000 120,000 12.14 galvanized pipes ½ "+ accessories Ls 1 100,000 100,000 12.16 Manhole (40 x 40) Ls 2 60,000 120,000 12.18 toilet paper holder U 3 5,500 16,500 12.19 Soap dish U 3 5,500 16,500 12.20 towel holder U 3 5,500 16,500 12.21 Mirror U 2 4,800 9,600 Sub-Total 4,412,100 XIII Evacuation 13.1 PVC pipes (diameter = 50) Ls 1 130,000 130,000 13.2 PVC pipes (diameter = 75) Ls 1 120,000 120,000 13.3 PVC pipes (diameter = 110) Ls 1 150,000 150,000 Sub-Total 400,000 XIV Electrical laying on Supply 14.1 strip light of 60 U 6 8,000 48,000 14.2 strip light of 120 U 7 9,500 66,500 14.3 strip light of 120 / watertight U 3 10,000 30,000

14.4 ceiling porthole U 5 9,200 46,000 14.5 watertight porthole U 7 12,000 84,000 14.6 Socket + Ground connection U 20 7,500 150,000

14.7 Push button U 3 3,200 9,600 14.8 Junction box Ls 1 700 700 Sub-Total 434,800

XV Sanitation 15.1 Septic tank for 5 users U 1 200,000 200,000 15.2 PVC tank of 5 m3 with all laying U 2 500,000 1,000,000 constraints Sub-Total 1,200,000 Grand Total 63,215,040

Final Report 109 Uram Int’l, Natubri Ltd & Ruka Enterprise Ltd IMPLEMENTATION STUDY OF THE LOCAL URBAN DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF RULINDO DISTRICT [SHYORONGI & KININI URBAN AREAS)

8.3 INFRASTRUCTURE PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT  Secondary roads or feeder roads and Tertiary roads Table 35: Classification by site and category of road With tangible basis on findings from field surveys and socio- that separate plots. Length (Km) Road Category Size economic analysis, this chapter is coming with detailed plans Main roads are very often different to others with reference Shyorongi Kinini supported with drawings and profiles related to basic to its dimensions construction steps and materials such as facilities and infrastructures to be developed within Kinini Bypass 44m 2.72 tarmac,… and Shyorongi priority sites. They include road networks, National Roads 22m 9.02 4.68 water supply, electricity connections, drainage systems, etc. Secondary roads as its names said, those are roads that use to connect main roads to roads that separate plots for Secondary Roads 12m 10.22 4.14 The term typically refers to the technical structures that instance the murram road that connect national road of support a society, such as roads, bridges, water supply, Access Roads 9m 72.21 27.08 Kigali-Rubavu on Kinini centre to Kinini health center. Those sewers, electrical grids, telecommunications, etc., and can be roads can be tarmac or murram. Total 94.17 35.90 defined as "the physical components of interrelated systems providing commodities and services essential to enable, Tertially roads are here to mean roads that separate plots in residential areas. For more understanding we can have sustain, or enhance societal living conditions.” As a summary for roads in the study area is reference to different roads in Rwintare model village of 8.4 ROADS INFRASTRUCTURES IN PRIORITY SITES Rusiga sector Paved roads Rulindo District shares the same aim with other Districts of N Site in Km Unpaved roads in Km the country in terms of infrastructure development and Existing roads in general for sectors Shyorongi, Rusiga and 1 Shyorongi 9.02 82.43 planning for basic. Those aims are such: to safeguard the Mbogo need the improvement and maintenance of the road way as removing glasses and trees that are growing up to environment for adverse impacts, to implement the 2 Kinini 4.68 31.22 infrastructure projects in tandem with the population and the road platform and for urgency the drainage system to Tatal in Km 13.7 113.65 economic growth, To plan for infrastructure demand based conduct storm water into proposed storm water channels in order to facilitate access on Rulindo priority site. on the project population and economic growth and to

extend from the existing infrastructure networks to the Apart from those roads, the only maintained road is the one 2.1.1.2 New roads connection design in the priority sites selected priority sites those are residential areas crossing from Kinini center to Kinini health center where murram roads, small commercial houses crossing roads in the study materials are recharged. Knowing that the general average For the design features, we consider and distinguish three area, equipments zone crossing roads, some new roads that width of existing and forecasted roads is of Eight meters types of roads in highways: separate green space areas from residential areas. Those (8m), all these existing roads in priority sites are totalizing Roads of type L (Main roads), say high connection, are roads are categorized in: the length of 13.7Kms of paved roads and of 113.65kms for "highways".  Main roads ; unpaved roads as in tables below:

Final Report 110 Uram Int’l, Natubri Ltd & Ruka Enterprise Ltd IMPLEMENTATION STUDY OF THE LOCAL URBAN DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF RULINDO DISTRICT [SHYORONGI & KININI URBAN AREAS)

Roads of type T(secondary roads), called transit, for which roads are usually wide enough and suitable for two-way, all- When a single carriageway road is converted into dual the function flow of transit traffic at medium or long range is weather traffic at moderate or slow speeds while secondary carriageway by building a second separate carriageway preferred, are the "express roads with pavement" road is suitable for one way traffic. alongside the first, it is usually referred to as duplication. Twinning or doubling. The original carriageway is changed Roads of type R (tertiary roads), called multifunctional TERTIARY ROADS from two-way to become one-way, while the new networks constitute the bulk of the main roads in open The areas of Rulindo District sites that we suggested as carriageway is one-way in the opposite direction. In the country; suitable for residential buildings are also suitable for tertiary same way as converting railway lines from single track to To the pavement, it actually differentiates two types of roads. Tertiary roads in these areas are specifically dividing double track, the new carriageway is not always constructed roads: different residential plots of quarters; they will therefore be directly alongside the existing carriageway. connected to secondary roads. The appearing secondary Ways of structuring network (VRS) corresponding to types 1 roads are there to divide quarters and can lead the traffic to and 2 of the typology of urban roads (motorways and the main roads. On the other hand the tertiary roads are expressways) provided for the accessibility for green space of different Ways of structuring non-network (VRNS) corresponding to zones as it has been proposed on maps. types 3 and 4 of the typology of urban roads (Trunk roads  Existing uses and environment and other roads) Old road surfaces in all study area site, fences, and buildings Main roads in Rwanda are specifically roads that are will need to be removed before construction can begin. Trees provided to across cities and connect different borders of the in the road construction area will be marked for retention. country. Secondary roads are connected to main roads. They These protected trees should not have the topsoil within the are also called National roads that can be confused with area of the tree's drip line removed and the area should be Districts roads in this category. For a route of type T as kept clear of construction material and equipment. talked above, his role is maintaining crossings Compensation or replacement may be required if a protected agglomerations users and would be inconsistent with the tree is damaged. Much of the vegetation may be mulched expected features of these pathways. and put aside for use during reinstatement. The topsoil is SECONDARY ROADS usually stripped and stockpiled nearby for rehabilitation of newly constructed embankments along the road. Stumps Secondary roads are roads that are constructed for a specific and roots are removed and holes filled as required before the use or single operation and normally abandoned upon earthwork begins. completion of the operation or a road supplementing a main road .They only differ from main road for the fact that main

Final Report 111 Uram Int’l, Natubri Ltd & Ruka Enterprise Ltd IMPLEMENTATION STUDY OF THE LOCAL URBAN DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF RULINDO DISTRICT [SHYORONGI & KININI URBAN AREAS)

 Design of roads Once pavement construction is complete, provide the mineral aggregate. The main function of base layers is to roadbed with thermal protection and give the pavement reduce the loads induced by traffic to such an extent that the Structural road design is the science of designing a road for sufficient strength to withstand the vertical loads generated underlying sub grade is protected from deformation. The its environment in order to extend its longevity and reduce by traffic. required bearing capacity is achieved by using a mixture of maintenance. The process of designing, and constructing a gravel, chippings and crushed sand that needs to be new road pavement and just hinting at the complexities When there is no roc at this layer the compaction is compacted to the required density. involved, without even mentioning cost of construction. envisaged on murram for earth roads materials which is among the local available materials in Rulindo District. 2.2.1.3 Compaction of strata for a heavily traveled road Those layers are: Soil support or sub grade layer, Foundation Cement treated bases and sub bases are widely used in layer, Base layer, Bonding layer and rolling layer. Some With reference to the local available materials such as highways, roads, streets, parking areas, airports, materials designs use to combine layers such that all the above listed murram, general fill material should be free of organics, handling and storage areas and other types of layers may not appear as different. Those layers that are meet minimum California bearing ratio (CBR) results and infrastructures. often combined are bonding layer and base layer to form have a low plasticity index. The lower fill generally base layer and sub grade layer and foundation layer to form  Sub grade layer thickness of construction. comprises sand or a sand-rich mixture with fine gravel, foundation layer. which acts as an inhibitor to the growth of plants or other With reference to the manual for roads and bridges Vol vegetable matter. The compacted fill also serves as lower-  Sub grade layer. 7HD25 is 1000 standard axles. It recommends to use this stratum drainage. Select second fill (sieved) should be value for new works and larger values of construction. The The sub grade layer and also called foundation layer, is the composed of gravel, decomposed rock or broken rock below minimum construction traffic loading has to be taken as 100 first layer where begins the real construction of the road. It is a specified Particle size and be free of large lumps of clay. standard axles. The thickness given presumes adequate called sub grade layer because is a soil support layer that is Sand clay fill may also be used. The road bed must be "proof compaction as described in the specification has also sometimes the roc under all layers. This layer is compacted if rolled" after each layer of fill is compacted. If a roller passes achieved. The thickness of the sub-base at construction it is not roc layer to the maximum dry density to allow over an area without creating visible deformation or spring (based on 6%CBR) is normally 175mm but for security bearing capacity of loads up and of maximum wheel loads the section is deemed to comply. During site visit and purposes we have taken it to be 300mm. However C.B.R that are anticipated with the intensity of the traffic. The investigation we find the area of Kigarama as suitable for the tests can be conducted during construction and the thickness pavement foundations generally consist of two layers: the source of murram but samples must be taken and analyzed can vary depending on the laboratory findings. The layer sub-base and the base course. in the laboratory in order to identify materials quality below the sub-base will remain undisturbed (not to be required. These layers must perform the following functions: excavated or graded) but to be properly compacted. Processes during earthwork include excavation, removal of Provide a level surface with a good bearing capacity and act  Base layer. material to spoil, filling, compacting, construction and as a satisfactory temporary wearing course during works. A strong base for the upper road structure, the lowest layer trimming. If rock or other unsuitable material is discovered in the upper road structure is built mainly from granular it is removed, moisture content is managed and replaced

Final Report 112 Uram Int’l, Natubri Ltd & Ruka Enterprise Ltd IMPLEMENTATION STUDY OF THE LOCAL URBAN DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF RULINDO DISTRICT [SHYORONGI & KININI URBAN AREAS)

with standard fill compacted to meet the design materials (sands, slag, fly ash, etc). Thickness of upper interaction give rise to two types of waters that require requirements (generally 90-95% relative compaction). asphalt layers can also be lower than those needed for the drainage. Blasting is not frequently used to excavate the road bed as same design traffic when using unbound granular layers.  HYDRAULIC CHANNELS AROUND ROADS OF the intact rock structure forms an ideal road base. When a  Ecological and environmental advantages SHYORONGI AND RUSIGA SITES depression must be filled to come up to the road grade the native bed is compacted after the topsoil has been removed. Cold treatment reduces pollution and discharge of fumes In order to carry out the design for tridges (channels) on The fill is made by the "compacted layer method" where a into the atmosphere. Moreover this technique allows roads of this site, we considered area of catchment of rainfall layer of fill is spread then compacted to specifications; the significant global energy savings by reducing the volume of of about 80km2. This catchment area will allow measurement process is repeated until the desired grade is reached. high quality aggregates required, which are non-renewable of surface runoff, that will therefore be collected in hydraulic natural resources. This results in less transport of materials channel (tridges) after in the environ marshland where we  Advantages of some practices to be adopted and (thus limiting indirect effects, such as nuisance to users and proposed to construct waste water collection system. Indeed environment aspect residents and fatigue of the road network adjacent to the we considered the annual precipitation in Rulindo district Cement treated layers offer a number of technical, economic, site) and contributes to preserving the environment. that is equivalent to 1,243.3 mm resulting from the study of ecological and environmental advantages. District Development Plan (DDP) and the meteorological  Rolling layer station. With reference to these data and thoroughly using  Technical advantage In bituminous layers, when using mixes containing bitumen the rational method we determined the rate of runoff in the Through treatment with a hydraulic binder, layers with a as a binding agent, the resulting base layer is called an catchment area as: high elasticity modulus can be achieved. Thus, stresses in asphalt base layer in hot or cold application – depending on R=0.00278*(C*I*A); where R is the runoff rate in m3/s, C is both the subgrade and the upper bituminous layers are whether hot mix or cold mix is used. Bituminous base layers the runoff coefficient, I is the rainfall intensity in cm/hr, A is greatly reduced. These results in long-life pavements when in hot application consist of well-defined mineral aggregate the area of catchment that we took as 80km2 properly designed and constructed. mixtures and road bitumen. The soil study that Uram International, RUKA Enterprise &  Economic advantage 8.5 ROAD DRAINAGE SYSTEM NATUBRI LTD has conducted led to the runoff coefficient of Drainage systems are needed in developed rural and urban Hydraulically bound layers can be constructed with 0.6. areas because of the interaction between human activity and equipment that is also used for other materials (unbound the natural water cycle. This interaction has two main forms; granular layers, bituminous mixes) and therefore widely the abstraction of water from the natural water cycle to available. As well as being technically and economically I=1,243.3mm/360days provide water supply for human life, and covering of land beneficial, they are especially suited to regions with a with impermeable surfaces that divert rainwater away from I=1,243.3mm/8,640hrs shortage of high quality mineral aggregates for unbound the local natural system of drainage. These two forms of bases. The incorporation of a hydraulic binder provides the I=1,243.3mm/ 518,400Min opportunity to use lower quality aggregates and alternative

Final Report 113 Uram Int’l, Natubri Ltd & Ruka Enterprise Ltd IMPLEMENTATION STUDY OF THE LOCAL URBAN DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF RULINDO DISTRICT [SHYORONGI & KININI URBAN AREAS)

I=1,243.3mm/ 31,104,000Seconds Secondary Roads of 12m wide and having a total length of 14.36Km; I=1.2433m/ 31,104,000Seconds Access roads have a total length of 99.29Km I=0.000000039m/s Shyorongi site presents the following categories of roads: A=8000000m2 Access path/footpath/ Tertiary of 9m wide and 72.21Km I*A= 0.032 long; I*A= 0.032 Secondary road of 12m wide and total length of 10.22 Km; I*A*C*0.00278=0.00053376 Main roads-the paved one of 44m of Right of way of total C=0.6 length of 9.02Km

R=0.0053m3/s Kinini site presents the following categories of roads:

These results of runoff rate of 0.00053m3/s leads to the Access path/footpath/ Tertiary of 9m wide and 27.08Km choice of constructible hydraulic channels of (0.8*0.6*0.5) long; m3=0.24m3 Secondary road of 12m wide and total length of 4.14Km; If we can take the time concentration of this will simply Main roads-the paved one of 44m of right of way of 4.68Km; mean that, the designed masonry channel is of 45.28 times greater than the proportional runoff rate collected from the To get the estimated cost of the whole road networks in all catchment area. three priority sites, the unity length has been used in order to get the cost per Kilometer for bituminous road, unpaved 8.6 ROAD CONSTRUCTION COST ESTIMATION roads (soil roads) and precast concrete pavements. The For cost estimation of roads in Rulindo priority zone, we results computations are shown in the table below of bills of consider the site in the view of the forecasted roads uses. quantities: Four sectors have to be treated. The site presents the following situation of roads:

Main Roads of 22m wide and having a total length of 13.7Km;

By pass of 44m wide is of 2.72Km

Final Report 114 Uram Int’l, Natubri Ltd & Ruka Enterprise Ltd IMPLEMENTATION STUDY OF THE LOCAL URBAN DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF RULINDO DISTRICT [SHYORONGI & KININI URBAN AREAS)

thick(interior measures :B=0.8,b=0.60,H=0.50 ) Table 36: Cost estimation of 1km (one kilometer) for tarmac (paved) roads. 4.1.1 Excavation CUM 2,240 2,000 4,480,000 BILL OF QUANTITIES: PRORITY SITES ROADS OF RULINDO DISTRICT Blinding concrete under the _Tarmac roads 4.1.2 outlet drains CUM 65 90,000 5,850,000 DESCRIPTION OF THE Stone masonry jointed with Nº WORKS Unit Quantity U. Price Total Price 4.1.3 cement mortar CUM 800 55,000 44,000,000 I PRELIMINARY WORKS 4.1.4 Cement mortar screed CUM 40 3,000 120,000 Installation and withdrawal of 4.1.5 Jointing in cement mortar SQM 2,100 2,000 4,200,000 1.1 the site LS 1 11,000,000 11,000,000 S/total 58,650,000 1.2 Stripping of arable soil SQM 12,000 1,000 12,000,000 Construction of coming down Demolition of existing of water of rectangular shape 1.3 structures LS 1 500,000 500,000 (h=0.50,b=0.40)in quarry stones 1.4 Displacement of water conducts LS 1 4,000 4,000 4.2 of 35cm thickness Displacement of electricity and 4.2.1 Excavation CUM 8 2,000 16,000 1.5 telecommunication conducts LS 1 1,200,000 1,200,000 Blinding concrete under the 4.2.2 outlet drains CUM 0.28 90,000 25,200 S/Total 24,704,000 Stone masonry walls of the II EARTHWORKS 4.2.3 outlet drains CUM 3.92 50,000 196,000 2.1 Embankment of cutting CUM 3,000 2,000 6,000,000 4.2.4 Cement mortar screed CUM 0.24 60,000 14,400 2.2 Embankment of filling CUM 1,440 2,000 2,880,000 4.2.5 Jointing in cement mortar SQM 7.2 2,000 14,400 Evacuation of excesses of soil to S/total 266,000 2.3 the store area CUM 1,560 6,000 9,360,000 4.3 Culverts and its accessories S/Total 8,880,000 Supply, Install and construct III ROAD WAY WORKS 4.3.1 new Culvert of size Ø 100 Pces 36 100,000 3,600,000 Wearing course of 20cm thick of Construction of culvert head in 3.1 murram gravel CUM 2,400 12,000 28,800,000 4.3.2 stone masonry CUM 0.72 55,000 39,600 Base course from crushed Construction of pits for 3.2 gravel sized of 0/31.5 CUM 1,800 5,000 9,000,000 receiving water before flowing 3.3 Road compaction SQM 12,000 2,000 24,000,000 through the culverts in stone Shaping of the subgrade with 4.3.3 masonry CUM 1.152 50,000 57,600 3.4 grider by providing road slope SQM 12,000 1,000 12,000,000 S/total 3,697,200 Impregnation with fluidized Construction of outlet drains 3.5 bitumen SQM 12,000 1,900 22,800,000 in stone masonry with B=1.00 3.6 Two layers surface dressing SQM 12,000 11,000 132,000,000 4.4 m, b=0.60m, H=0.60m

Concrete paving blocks for 4.4.1 Excavation CUM 64.8 2,000 129,600 3.7 sidewalks(25mpa) SQM 1,000 13,000 13,000,000 Blinding concrete under the Terreplein separating two 4.4.2 outlet drains CUM 3.6 90,000 324,000 3.8 parallel road ways LS 1 6,000,000 6,000,000 Stone masonry walls of the 4.4.3 outlet drains CUM 0.78 50,000 39,000 S/Total 247,600,000 4.4.4 Cement mortar screed SQM 1.2 3,000 3,600 IV DRAINAGE S/Total 496,200.00 Trapezoidal drainage ditch PASSAGE IN REINFORCED 4.1 build in quarry stones of 40cm V CONCRETE

Final Report 115 Uram Int’l, Natubri Ltd & Ruka Enterprise Ltd IMPLEMENTATION STUDY OF THE LOCAL URBAN DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF RULINDO DISTRICT [SHYORONGI & KININI URBAN AREAS)

Passage for pedestrian in The results from the bill of quantities shown in table above shows that the proposed tarmac reinforced concrete slabs of road networks in the priority area sites, the cost of one kilometer length is equivalent to the 15cm thickness, 0.50m width and 1.6m length (mixed as value of 375,862,400 Rwf(Three hundred and seventy five million eight hundred and sixty two 5.1 300kg/m3) CUM 1.8 300,000 540,000 thousands four hundred Rwandan francs). Knowing that the tarmac roads and murram Passage for vehicles in reinforced concrete slabs of roads are computed separately, the proposed tarmac roads of Shyorongi site is 9.02Km which 20cm thickness, 4m width is equivalent to the total amount of 3,390,278,848 frw. For Kinini site having the length of distributed by 8 small slab of 0.5m width and 1.6m length 4.68Km are costed 1,759,036,032Km 5.2 each (mixed as 300kg/m3) CUM 9.6 300,000 2,880,000 S/total 3,420,000 Cost estimation of 1km (One kilometer) for murram roads. TOPOGRAPHY BEFORE , DURING AND AFTER BILL OF QUANTITIES: VI WORKS PRORITY SITES ROADS Topography before, during and OF RULINDO DISTRICT 6.1 after works LS 1 1,500,000 1,500,000 _Murram roads S/Total 1,500,000 DESCRIPTION OF THE ROAD SIGNS AND Nº WORKS Unit Quantity U.Price Total Price MAINTENANCE I PRELIMINARY WORKS VII FURNITURES Installation and 7.1 Bollards and Beacons Pces 3 23,000 69,000 1.1 withdrawal of the site LS 1 11,000,000 11,000,000 7.2 Directional sign posts Pces 2 180,000 360,000 1.2 Stripping of arable soil SQM 9,000 1,000 9,000,000 7.3 Bidirectional sign posts Pces 2 300,000 600,000 Demolition of existing 1.3 structures LS 1 500,000 500,000 7.4 Road markings SQM 1000 15,000 15,000,000 Displacement of water 7.5 Crush barriers Pces 32 35,000 1,120,000 1.4 conducts LS 1 4,000 4,000 7.6 Mileage beacons Pces 4 45,000 180,000 Displacement of electricity 7.7 Public sign post Pces 1 200,000 200,000 and telecommunication 7.8 Plaque for doorway Pces 1 20,000 20,000 1.5 conducts LS 1 1,200,000 1,200,000 Public transport Bus stop S/Total 21,704,000 7.9 shelters Pces 1 3,300,000 3,300,000 II EARTHWORKS

S/Total 20,849,000 2.1 Embankment of cutting CUM 1,800 2,000 3,600,000 BEAUTIFICATION AND 2.2 Embankment of filling CUM 1,080 2,000 2,160,000 VIII FINISHING WORKS

Planting of selected trees S/Total 5,760,000

8.1 species Pces 200 30000 6,000,000 III ROAD WAY WORKS 8.2 Planting of pasparum(greening) SQM 600 1500 900,000 Wearing course of 20cm 3.1 thick of murram gravel CUM 1,800 12,000 21,600,000 8.3 Turfing SQM 80 5000 400,000 3.3 Road compaction SQM 9,000 2,000 18,000,000 S/Total 7,300,000 Shaping of the subgrade Grand total Per one Kilometer with grider by providing Tarmac Road 375,862,400 3.4 road slope SQM 9,000 1,000 9,000,000

Concrete paving blocks for 3.7 sidewalks(25mpa) SQM 1,000 13,000 13,000,000

Final Report 116 Uram Int’l, Natubri Ltd & Ruka Enterprise Ltd IMPLEMENTATION STUDY OF THE LOCAL URBAN DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF RULINDO DISTRICT [SHYORONGI & KININI URBAN AREAS)

S/Total 61,600,000 Blinding concrete under IV DRAINAGE 4.4.2 the outlet drains CUM 0.18 90,000 16,200 Trapezoidal drainage Stone masonry walls of the ditch build in quarry 4.4.3 outlet drains CUM 2.52 50,000 126,000 stones (interior measures 4.4.4 Cement mortar screed SQM 0.6 3,000 1,800 4.1 :B=0.8,b=0.60,H=0.50 ) S/Total 273,600.00 4.1.1 Excavation CUM 1,200 2,000 2,400,000 PASSAGE IN Blinding concrete under REINFORCED 4.1.2 the outlet drains CUM 65 90,000 5,850,000 V CONCRETE Stone masonry jointed with Passage for pedestrian in 4.1.3 cement mortar CUM 3.92 55,000 215,600 reinforced concrete slabs of 4.1.4 Cement mortar screed CUM 14 3,000 42,000 15cm thickness, 0.50m 4.1.5 Jointing in cement mortar SQM 800 2,000 1,600,000 width and 1.6m length S/total 10,107,600 5.1 (mixed as 300kg/m3) CUM 1.8 300,000 540,000 Construction of coming Passage for vehicles in down of water of reinforced concrete slabs of rectangular shape 20cm thickness, 4m width (h=0.50,b=0.40)in quarry distributed by 8 small slab 4.2 stones of 30cm thickness of 0.5m width and 1.6m 4.2.1 Excavation CUM 10 2,000 20,000 length each (mixed as Blinding concrete under 5.2 300kg/m3) CUM 9.6 300,000 2,880,000 4.2.2 the outlet drains CUM 0.5 90,000 45,000 S/total 3,420,000 Stone masonry walls of the TOPOGRAPHY BEFORE , 4.2.3 outlet drains CUM 7 50,000 350,000 DURING AND AFTER 4.2.4 Cement mortar screed CUM 0.15 60,000 9,000 VI WORKS Topography before, during 4.2.5 Jointing in cement mortar SQM 2 2,000 4,000 6.1 and after works LS 1 1,500,000 1,500,000 S/total 428,000 S/Total 1,500,000 Culverts and its

4.3 accessories ROAD SIGNS AND MAINTENANCE Supply, Install and VII FURNITURES construct new Culvert of

4.3.1 size Ø 100 pces 27 100,000 2,700,000 7.1 Bollards and Beacons Pces 3 23,000 69,000 Construction of culvert 7.2 Directional sign posts Pces 2 180,000 360,000 4.3.2 head in stone masonry CUM 0.54 55,000 29,700 7.3 Bidirectional sign posts Pces 2 300,000 600,000 Construction of pits for 7.4 Road markings SQM 1000 15,000 15,000,000 receiving water before 7.5 Crush barriers Pces 32 35,000 1,120,000 flowing through the 7.6 Mileage beacons Pces 4 45,000 180,000 4.3.3 culverts in stone masonry CUM 0.864 50,000 43,200 7.7 Public sign post Pces 1 200,000 200,000 S/total 2,772,900 7.8 Plaque for doorway Pces 1 20,000 20,000 Construction of outlet Public transport Bus stop drains in stone masonry 7.9 shelters Pces 1 3,300,000 3,300,000 with B=1.00 m, b=0.60m, S/Total 20,849,000 4.4 H=0.60m Grand total per one 4.4.1 Excavation CUM 64.8 2,000 129,600 Kilometer 126,915,100

Final Report 117 Uram Int’l, Natubri Ltd & Ruka Enterprise Ltd IMPLEMENTATION STUDY OF THE LOCAL URBAN DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF RULINDO DISTRICT [SHYORONGI & KININI URBAN AREAS)

Regarding Murram roads or soil roads, one kilometer is evaluated to 126,915,100 Rwf/km. The b) Twelve(12) meter road section site of Shyorongi has for earth roads of 85.15Km that equivalent to 10,806,820,765frw This kind of road is suitable for secondary roads in Shyorongi sector, Rusiga sector,and Mbogo The site Kinini has a total length of 31.22Km for murram road, which corresponds to sector. We therefore recommend this category of road to be constructed in town areas of 3,962,289,422frw. Shyorongi site and some parties of Rusiga sector specifically the areas reserved for high standing of residential. It has one way traffic road, the hydraulic channel constructed in stone Access path/footpath is not computed as roads for all sites, if there considered they can be masonry and covered by a precast R.C slab. The figure is shown bellow. estimated as tertiary roads.

8.7 SECTIONS AND MODELS OF ROADS For road sections and models, the detailed layout plan shows different types and sections of roads. They are therefore fully characterized and described as follow:

a) Nine(9) meter road section

This kind of road is suitable for access roads in Shyorongi and Kinini site , which totalizing a length of 72.21Km for Shyorongi and 27.08Km for Kinini sector. If this can separate the study area housings, equipments and other public facilities, it would satisfy the needs for users especifically the areas reserved for high density residential repartition. It has one way traffic road, the hydraulic channel constructed in stone masonry and covered by a precast R.C slab.

The figure is shown bellow. Source :Designed by: The consultant 2015

c) Forty four (22) meter road section

This is a double lane road, suitable for secondary road within the city, each lane has six meter wide and it has pavements in its center that separates two carriages. It has drainage system on both side of the road covered by a precast cover of R.C. The slope for the carriage way is of 2.5% and has to convey storwater from the center to the open hydraulic channel while the other slope on the other side will direct water into stormwater gully. This water in stormwater gully is evacuated by culverts of a hundred millimeter wide (100mm) as talked above in the bills of quantities and design. Regarding pedestrians this road has footpath of one meter and

half that is made of 25mpa precast concrete pavers layed on a well compacted murram layer

Source :Designed by: The consultant 2015

Final Report 118 Uram Int’l, Natubri Ltd & Ruka Enterprise Ltd IMPLEMENTATION STUDY OF THE LOCAL URBAN DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF RULINDO DISTRICT [SHYORONGI & KININI URBAN AREAS) and covered by sand. This road is proposed from the central town of Rulindo if the twelve meter roads are not chosen. The detailed layout plan is shown in the figure bellow.

Source :Designed by: The consultant 2015 Source :Designed by: The consultant 2015

8.8 DETAILS ON CULVERTS AND CHANNELS FOR ROAD DRAINAGE SYSTEM In road drainage system, several techniques and methods can be adopted with reference to the d) Forty four (44) meter road section attitude of the precipitation in the drain area of catchment. For Rulindo District roads drainage This is a double lane road, each lane has six meter wide and it proposed as national road. It has system in priority site areas, trapezoidal channels and circular culverts and are proposed. A pavements in its center that separates two carriages. It has drainage system on both side of the culvert is a conduit placed under a fill, such as a railway/highway embankment, to convey road covered by a precast cover of R.C. The slope for the carriage way is of 2.5% and has to stream flow from the uphill side of the fill to the downhill side. The general purpose of a convey storwater from the center to the open hydraulic channel while the other slope on the culvert is to transmit water flowing in natural streams or collected on the high side of the right- other side will direct water into stormwater gully. This water in stormwater gully is evacuated of-way to the other side. A culvert is usually differentiated from a bridge based on the fact that by culverts of a hundred millimeter wide (100mm) as talked above in the bills of quantities and the culvert does not form part of the travelled road. Frequently structures with span more than design. Regarding pedestrians, this road has footpath of one meter and half that is made of 6m are classified as bridge, while structures of shorter span are called culvert. For our case, 25mpa precast concrete pavers layed on a well compacted murram layer and covered by sand. culverts are proposed in areas suitable for them (where the obstacle that conveys water is less This road is proposed from the central town of Rulindo as bypass if the twelve meter roads are than 6meters). Trapezoidal channels are chosen its strategic simplicity of construction, not chosen. The detailed layout plan is shown in the figure bellow. drainage effectiveness, and maintenance facilities.

Final Report 119 Uram Int’l, Natubri Ltd & Ruka Enterprise Ltd IMPLEMENTATION STUDY OF THE LOCAL URBAN DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF RULINDO DISTRICT [SHYORONGI & KININI URBAN AREAS)

The result of runoff rate from the catchment area, given by the rational method can also lead to the choice of diameters of culverts to be used in order to conduct this water into soak away or absorbent areas.

The culverts chosen are of 1000mm diameter, 1m long.

This diameter is chosen due to drainage capacity, maintenance and waterway depth since it is less than 4m. The detailed layout plans are as follow:

Figure 25: Culverts and channels for road drainage system

Source :Designed by: The consultant 2015

Final Report 120 Uram Int’l, Natubri Ltd & Ruka Enterprise Ltd IMPLEMENTATION STUDY OF THE LOCAL URBAN DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF RULINDO DISTRICT [SHYORONGI & KININI URBAN AREAS)

Map 8: Road network, Shyorongi site Map 9:Road network, Kini site

Source: Author, Field surveys, RNRA Source: Author, Field surveys, RNRA

Final Report 121 Uram Int’l, Natubri Ltd & Ruka Enterprise Ltd IMPLEMENTATION STUDY OF THE LOCAL URBAN DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF RULINDO DISTRICT [SHYORONGI & KININI URBAN AREAS)

8.9 ENERGY AND TELECOMMUNICATION Regarding the high voltage in the sites, only the existing situation is appearing in table above.

The electricity networks information and details in Shyorongi and Rusiga site is similar to the  Expected extension to the resettlement zones one of water supply. It is also confused to identify without layout plans since by observation is difficult to distinguish electricity line from the other. Reference to this situation listed above, it seems that the priority sites are of unreliable power supply and alternative power supply technologies can be harnessed by households and small  Existing situation business enterprises for domestic and street lighting, refrigeration and pumping water for agricultural purposes. Those power supply technologies can include the following: As it has been observed during a site visit conducted in priority areas of Rulindo District in sectors, Shyorongi, Rusiga and Mbogo the power is almost distributed in these priority sites as  Hydropower constructed along some rivers of Rulindo district such as Ntaruka Hydropower…; wood or tall metal tower supporting high-voltage cables are dispatched in area. This power distribution still needed in Rwintare village of Rusiga sector where this is not covering the total  Wind energy; village, other sites like Shyorongi, modern pylons are mixed up with old ones this case has  Solar energy; carefully identified in Bugaragara cell in Gatimba village down National paved road. This  Biogas energy from cowshed or Methane gas that can result in sewer treatment plants simply explains the ongoing improvement power systems in the area in particular and on the while developed. rest of the country in general. A great concern comes when we deal with wind energy, wind as a source of power is intermittent and does not always blow when electricity is needed. Wind cannot be stored Ntaruka hydropower constructed along some rivers of Musanze district is considered as one (although wind-generated electricity can be stored, if batteries are used), and not all winds can source power energy for Rulindo District, be harnessed to meet the timing of electricity demands. Further, good wind sites are often located in remote locations far from areas of electric power demand (such as cities). Finally, In terms heating energy, charcoal is still the primary heating fuel while it has negative impact wind resource development may compete with other uses for the land, and those alternative uses may be more highly valued than electricity generation. However, wind turbines can be on human health and on environment as it is generated from wood (trees) that is also useful to located on land that is also used for grazing or even farming. safeguard environment. By the way, this is not a sustainable source of energy for the priority  Estimate cost of project implementation sites population growth and even for the rest of Rulindo population. This problem limits the For the estimate cost implementation of the priority areas’ electrification and extension advance for industrial promotion and other services relating to it.Approximate length of the networks of both Medium and Low Voltage are tabulated as bellow. The total line length is of existing situation electricity is shown in table below: 4.375kms. The line will be extended from the medium Voltage line of 30KV. The energy source like Biogas energy, wind energy, solar energy and the one of Methane gas can supplement the As it is clear in the table above, the medium and low voltage on electricity in the priority sites, energy that’s the source is Hydropower. are forecasted as follow:

 For Shyorongi site, the total length of electricity is of 69.841Km of low voltage and 14.113Km for medium voltage.

 For Kinini site, the total length of electricity is of 27Km of low voltage and 8.3Km for medium voltage.

Final Report 122 Uram Int’l, Natubri Ltd & Ruka Enterprise Ltd IMPLEMENTATION STUDY OF THE LOCAL URBAN DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF RULINDO DISTRICT [SHYORONGI & KININI URBAN AREAS)

Table 37: Technical Specifications are identified in the table as bellow: Name of the Number Quantity Dairy Power Power Supply source 30KV site of plots of power power transformer transformer required demand of 250KVA of 500KVA Voltage level 220/400V in KVA per 10 people Length of the line 4.375 Km Shyorongi 2739 821.7 3KVA 2 3 Kinini 1013 303.9 3KVA 1 1 Type of line Overhead Total 3752 1125.6 3 4

Type of poles Concrete and Towers 8.10 TELECOMMUNICATION Type of Conductors AI/AC 70/12mm2 Telecom engineers use a variety of equipment and transport media available from a multitude Type of transformer 30/0.4KV250 KVA of manufacturers to design the telecom network infrastructure. The most common media, often referred to as plant in the telecom industry, used by telecommunications companies today are Table 38:Total length of low, medium and high voltage included in the site area of Rulindo District copper, coaxial cable, fiber, and radio. Nº Site Low Voltage in Km Medium Voltage in High voltage Telecom engineers are often expected, as most engineers are, to provide the best solution Km possible for the lowest cost to the company. This often leads to creative solutions to problems Shyorongi 69.841 14.113 2.815 1 that often would have been designed differently without the budget constraints dictated by 2 Kinini 27 8.3 1.56 modern society. In the earlier days of the telecom industry massive amounts of cable were Total 96.841 22.413 4.375 placed that were never used or have been replaced by modern technology such as fiber optic

cable and digital multiplexing techniques. Table 39:Number of plots to be coverd by electricity

Number of Plots Plot Category Size Total  EXISTING TELECOMMUNICATION FACILITIES Shyorongi Kinini High Density 1116 338 1454 The telecommunication technology in RULINDO district has no particularity in comparison Residential with the rest of the country. The telecommunication antennas of MTN, TIGO and Airtel Medium Density 761 366 1127 companies are raised. The subscribers of Airtel are also mobilized even its equipments remain Residential unsatisfied. Low Density 267 131 398 Residential  MTN TELECOMMUNICATION Commercial 320 120 440 Apartments 96 96 MTN is a global communications company and world-class cellular network. Mixed Use 179 58 237 As a major communications company, MTN is specifically focused on the Africa and the Middle East. We believe that through access to communication comes economic Total 2739 1013 3752 empowerment.

Serving you since 1998, MTN Rwanda continues to expand its network, offer new and Power distribution within the priority site areas innovative packages and services and keep up with the latest trends in communications while maintaining affordability. MTN Mobile Money has transacted over US$36 million since its

Final Report 123 Uram Int’l, Natubri Ltd & Ruka Enterprise Ltd IMPLEMENTATION STUDY OF THE LOCAL URBAN DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF RULINDO DISTRICT [SHYORONGI & KININI URBAN AREAS)

launch in 2010. The payment platform is now offering Cash Power Top-up and Bulk Payment Map 10: Proposed electricity network, Shyorongi site Services. MTN Rwanda has over 2.9 million subscribers and its network coverage extends to over 98% of the population.

 TIGO TELECOMMUNICATION

Tigo is a Multi National Telecommunications Company established in Rwanda. We have Mobile Telecommunications Operations in 13 countries; 3 in Central America, 3 in South America and 7 in Africa. Currently we have 31 million subscribers across all of these regions. In Central America we are in Guatemala, El-Salvador and Honduras. In South America we are in Bolivia, Paraguay and Colombia and in Africa we are in Senegal, Chad, Ghana, the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Tanzania, Mauritius and now Rwanda. Tigo has an emerging market focus. Our business model is designed to provide products and services where penetration rates are low and where the need for telecommunications services growing due to economic development. The brand Tigo was created and commercially launched in our Latin American operations in 2004. As a brand in Africa, Tigo has been in Rwanda since 2006.

 AIRTEL TELECOMMUNICATION

Airtel provides mobile communications services across 16 markets in Africa: Burkina Faso, Chad, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Gabon, Ghana, Kenya, Malawi, Madagascar, Niger, Nigeria, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Tanzania, Uganda , Zambia and now in Rwanda. airtel’s African operations are owned by Bharti airtel Limited, a leading global telecommunications company with operations in 20 countries across Asia and Africa. The company offers mobile voice and data services, fixed line, high speed broadband, IPTV, DTH, turnkey telecom solutions for enterprises and national and international long distance services to carriers. Bharti airtel has over 200 million customers (November 2010) across its operations, including 50 million in Africa.

Source: Author, Field surveys, RNRA

Final Report 124 Uram Int’l, Natubri Ltd & Ruka Enterprise Ltd IMPLEMENTATION STUDY OF THE LOCAL URBAN DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF RULINDO DISTRICT [SHYORONGI & KININI URBAN AREAS)

Map 11: Proposed electricity network, Kini site Figure 26: Proposed drainage system, Shyorongi site

Source: Author, Field surveys, RNRA

Source: Author, Field surveys, RNRA

Final Report 125 Uram Int’l, Natubri Ltd & Ruka Enterprise Ltd IMPLEMENTATION STUDY OF THE LOCAL URBAN DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF RULINDO DISTRICT [SHYORONGI & KININI URBAN AREAS)

Figure 27: Proposed drainage system with flow directions, Shyorongi site Figure 28: Proposed drainage system with flow directions, Kinini site

Source: Author, Field surveys, RNRA Source: Author, Field surveys, RNRA

Final Report 126 Uram Int’l, Natubri Ltd & Ruka Enterprise Ltd IMPLEMENTATION STUDY OF THE LOCAL URBAN DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF RULINDO DISTRICT [SHYORONGI & KININI URBAN AREAS)

8.11 WATER SUPPLY, SANITATION FACILITIES The quality of water is being increasingly threatened by pollutant load, which is on the rise as 1. Back ground a consequence of rising population, urbanization, industrialization, increased use of agricultural chemicals, etc. Both the surface and ground water have gradually increased in Water Supply is the science and art of providing water of adequate quantity and quality to the contamination level. users. Rwanda is a small landlocked country in east-central Africa, bordered by Uganda, Burundi, the Democratic Republic of Congo, and Tanzania. Home to more than 11 million It is difficult to restore ground water quality once the aquifer is contaminated. Ground water people, it supports the densest population in continental Africa, most of who engage in contamination occurs due to human interference and also natural factors. To promote human subsistence agriculture. health, there is urgent need to prevent contamination of ground water and also promote and develop cost-effective techniques for purifying contaminated ground water for use in rural According to the most recent Joint Monitoring Program (JMP ) Report by UNICEF and WHO, areas like solar stills. in Rwanda 76% of people in urban areas and 63% in rural areas have access to safe water. These numbers, low as they are, still considerably overestimate water coverage in the country: In summary, the development of water resources potential in those selected priority sites they do not take into consideration the number of users per water point, accessibility should be such that in doing so there should not be any degradation in the quality or quantity throughout the year, or water quality. Access to sanitation is lower, with an estimated 52% of of the resources available at present. Thus the development should be sustainable for future. urban and 56% of rural dwellers using improved sanitation facilities. Regarding the existing water supply networks in study areas, many water conduct lines have

Rulindo is composed of steep hills and valleys, and most villages extend from ridge tops to been thoroughly identified. Those elements that have identified during the field work for data valley bottoms. Springs and rivers are typical water sources. Lasting water and sanitation collection and investigation are as water reservoirs in Kinini center with its accessories for solutions can only be achieved when local role-players the private sector, civil society, and each, water pipes, collection chambers and water reservoirs in Shyorongi site. Concerning local government are supported. Rwintare village, much have to do because this site needs water supply infrastructures to supply existing plots and future facilities proposed by the development plans for the Compared too many other Sub-Saharan countries two notable facts make the water sector in implementation of Rulindo local urban plan. For the nowadays water usage, the supplies are Rwanda stand apart: either by gravity or by pumping system. The sources that generate this water as an origin are as Kimwamagana source, where the pumping system is used from. Another source is the one • The rapid spread of locally initiated public-private partnerships in rural areas, with the support of the government, now covering 25% of rural water systems called Rusiga where the gravity system is applied. If we wish to supply or facilities in the • The use of a common approach by all donors in the rural sector, following a clearly study area, we will need more quantity of water reference on dairy water demand. The photos established government strategy below are showing different situations: 2. Existing Water Supply Networks

The existing water pipeline networks in priority sites are difficult to be identified due to lack of existing data about the existing water supply networks within the selected priority areas.

Final Report 127 Uram Int’l, Natubri Ltd & Ruka Enterprise Ltd IMPLEMENTATION STUDY OF THE LOCAL URBAN DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF RULINDO DISTRICT [SHYORONGI & KININI URBAN AREAS)

Table 41:Quantities of water required per day site by site referring to numbers of plots. SHYONGI SITE KININI SITE

Category Expected Quantities of Expected Quantities of Population per water Population water day. required(L/day) per day. required(L/day)

Low density 1602 32040 2028 40560

Medium density 4566 91320 2196 43920

High density 6696 133920 786 15720

Here the approximate length of water conduct in priority sites is shown in table below: Mixed Use 1074 21480 348 6960

During the field work for data collection and investigation for existing water supply networks Commercial 6400 128000 2400 48000 in study areas the following items have been identified: Apartments 4800 96000 192 3840 Table 40: Plots Distribution-Detailed plans Category Shyorongi Site Kinini Site Total 25,138 502,760 7,950 159,000

Plots number Expected Plots number Expected Population Population Table 42: Required water tanks site by site for future projection: Low density (20x30) 267 1602 338 2028

Medium density 761 4566 366 2196 Quantities of Water tank of Water tank Water tank of (20x25) water Water tank of Site 300m3 of 150 m3 25m3 required 50m3 required High density (15x20) 1116 6696 131 786 required required required m3/day SHYORONGI 502 760 1 2 3 2 Mixed Use 179 1074 58 348 KININI 159 000 0 1 1 1 Commercial 320 6400 120 2400 TOTAL 661 760 1 3 4 3

Apartments 96 4800 32 192 3. Water supply for Shyorongi and Kinini sites Total 2,739 25,138 1,045 7,950

Water supply systems in Shyorongi and Kinini sites are not enough in terms of capacity for complying the needed water consumption for the future projection and the existing infrastructures such as: catchments zones, water tanks, chambers and pipe lines are in bad

conditions; others are not well sited referring to the new muster plan of Shyorongi and Kinini cities to which the implementation study is in progress. During the field work for data

Final Report 128 Uram Int’l, Natubri Ltd & Ruka Enterprise Ltd IMPLEMENTATION STUDY OF THE LOCAL URBAN DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF RULINDO DISTRICT [SHYORONGI & KININI URBAN AREAS)

collection and investigation for existing water supply networks in study areas; it has been 8.12 COST ESTIMATION FOR WATER SUPPLY IN PRIORITY AREAS. realized that Shyorongi site will be supplied by pump from Kimwamagana source which it The study refers to the standard water supply coverage of 20litres/capita/day. This reference needs to be rehabilitated and Kinini site will be supplied by gravity from 5 among 10 sources of standard is chosen by MININFRA and adopted by EDPRS II. There is no way of improving available to be used. water supply consumption in Rulindo priority areas without increasing water supply facilities The table below shows the available sources to be used for supplying Shyorongi and Kinini in the same areas. Since the WHO/UNICEF uses lcd as a decision standard for water demand sites and even their surrounding areas: or coverage based on this unit supply rate, water supply was calculated to the 2030 design Table 43: Sources of water in the study area Horizon.

DISTANCE Due to the existing situation on water supply, the consulting firm has took into considerations FROM these facilities and done the cost estimation of all works to be done for supplying water in SITE CELL SOURCE TO SITES Shyorongi and Kinini sites. In this regard, 35Km and 25 Km of pipe line for every corner of SECTOR VILLAGE (km) Shyorongi and Kinini sites respectively were considered. The table below elaborates the WATER SOURCE SUPPLY SYSTEM elements and components for implementation of water supply networks for the priority areas By Ntaruka Rusiga Kirenge Ntaruka 1.4 gravity of Rulindo District. Not that cost estimation was based on 1Km and all infrastructures to be By Gahama Rusiga Kirenge Rebero 1.7 done as shown in the tables bellow: gravity By Nyakarambi Rusiga Kirenge Ntaruka 1.2  gravity WATER SUPPLY FOR SHYORONGI SITE. By Karindi Rusiga Bukoro Karindi 1.2 gravity Table 44: Bill of quantities Water supply By KININI Musenge Rusiga Bukoro Buhira 1.3 gravity No Description of works Unit Quantity U Price T Price By Kannyogo Rusiga Kirenge Kigara 1.4 SITE INSTALLATION gravity 1 Ls 1 600,000 600,000 By AND SITE FALL BACK Kamina Rusiga Kirenge Kigara 1.5 gravity SUB/TOTAL 600,000 By Nyakagezi Rusiga Kirenge Kigara 1.3 gravity By 1 Earth works CM 120 900 108,000 Mu bagesera Rusiga Kirenge Kigara 1.6 gravity By Cutting of grasses and trees SHYORONGI Kimwamagana Shyorongi Bugaragara Gatimba 2 2 SM 46 500 23,000 Pomp in the catchment zone Cutting of soil and creation of trenches in catchment 3 CM 24 800 19,200 area and in moved soils of 12% Cutting of soil and creation 4 CM 92 800 73,600 of trenches in catchment

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area and in moved varied Rendering of internal wall 7 SM 14.56 3,500 50,960 soils of 88% with water proof mortar Rendering of internal wall 5 Refilling in catchment zone CM 90 150 13,500 8 with water epoxy in two SM 14.56 3,000 43,680 layers 6 Waterproof plastic layer m2 24 1200 28,800 Repainting of external 9 masonry walls with cement SM 25.1 1,200 30,120 mortar 7 Clay layer for water proof CM 14 42,000 588,000 Supply and installation of Ls 1 45,000 45,000 visit ladder. 8 Draining gravels CM 12 45,000 540,000 Supply and installation of Supply and laying of PVC trapdoor of 60X60 cm in pce 1 80,000 80,000 9 LM 60 4,500 270,000 75 PN10 draining pipes iron sheet of 3mm thick Supply and installation of Construction of protection LM 80 1,200 96,000 holed pipe of D 90+ pce 1 10,000 10,000 channel accessories. Erection of euphorbe Supply and installation of LM 80 1,000 80,000 enclosure ball bearing valve AG 1"½+ pce 1 13,000 13,000 Plantation of fixing grasses accessories of 100plants/m2 in SM 120 700 84,000 Supply and installation of catchment area. ball bearing valve AG 1 ¼" pce 2 12,000 24,000 + accessories Connection to the departure Ls 1 40,000 40,000 chamber Supply and installation of ball bearing valve AG 1" + pce 1 8,000 8,000 SUB/TOTAL 1,964,100 accessories Supply and installation of Ls 1 25,000 25,000 Construction of departure internal pipes

chambers Supply and installation of pce 1 45,000 45,000 Earth works for ground funnel for the overflow 1 CM 3.1 800 2,480 emplacement TOTAL OF DEPARTURE pce 1 1,229,300 CHAMBER 2 Stone layer of 30cm thick CM 4.43 42,000 186,060 TOTAL FOR 1 3,793,400 CATCHMENT ZONES 3 Blinding concrete CM 0.4 60,000 24,000 GENERAL TOTAL FOR 1 3,793,400 CATCHMENT ZONES Reinforced Concrete Base 4 CM 0.8 70,000 56,000 slab COST ESTIMATION OF 1KM TO CONDUCT WATER Elevation of stone masonry 5 CM 7.72 50,000 386,000 walls No Description of works Unit Quantity U Price T Price Reinforced Concrete slab Trenches for main pipe to 6 CM 1 200,000 200,000 cover 1 conduct from the source to reservoirs in PVC 110 PN10

Final Report 130 Uram Int’l, Natubri Ltd & Ruka Enterprise Ltd IMPLEMENTATION STUDY OF THE LOCAL URBAN DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF RULINDO DISTRICT [SHYORONGI & KININI URBAN AREAS)

2 Trenches in 1,20 m deep ; CM 960 800 768,000 2 Stone layer of 30cm thick CM 2.35 42,000 98,700

Refilling of Trenches of 1,20 3 CM 1248 800 998,400 3 Blinding concrete CM 0.2 60,000 12,000 m deep ; Laying fixing pipes of PVC Reinforced Concrete Base 4 LM 1000 6500 6,500,000 4 CM 0.4 80,000 32,000 110PN10 in trenches slab Pressure test in the overall Elevation of stone masonry 5 LM 1000 300 300,000 9 CM 2.16 50,000 108,000 of the conduct walls Disinfection of the overall Rendering of internal wall 6 LM 1000 1,500 1,500,000 SM 7.2 3,500 25,200 water conduct with water proof mortar Extension to the drinking Reinforced Concrete slab CM 0.5 250,000 125,000 fountain cover Repainting of external 1 Trenches in 1,20 m deep ; CM 192 800 153,600 masonry walls with cement LM 8.64 1,200 10,368 mortar Refilling of Trenches of 1,20 2 CM 249.6 2,000 499,200 Supply and installation of m deep ; trapdoor of 60X60 cm in pce 1 80,000 80,000 Laying and fixing pipes of iron sheet of 3mm thick 3 LM 300 3,000 900,000 PVC 50PN10 in trenches Supply and installation of pce 1 30,000 30,000 Pressure test in the overall reduced 75-63 4 LM 300 200 60,000 of the conduct Supply and installation of Disinfection of the overall ball bearing valve AG 1" + pce 1 12,000 12,000 5 LM 300 1,500 450,000 water conduct accessories Supply and installation of SUB /TOTAL 11,619,200 ball bearing valve AG 1 ¼" pce 1 8,000 8,000 + accessories Construction works of 1 TOTAL FOR 1 Boundary-mark fountain 6 pce 1 1,750,000 1,750,000 SECTIONNING 543,968 kiosk (3.2mx2.2m) within CHAMBER hydraulic accessories. TOTAL FOR 4 SUB /TOTAL 2 SECTIONNING 2,175,872

BOUNDARY 3,500,000 CHAMBER FOUNTAINS AIR EVACUATION GENERAL TOTAL FOR 1 1 15,119,200 CHAMBER KM GENERAL TOTAL FOR 35 Soil cutting for ground 529,172,000 2 CM 3 900 2,700 KM emplacement SECTIONNING VALVE 3 Stone layer of 30cm thick CM 2.35 42,000 98,700 CHAMBER Soil cutting for ground 1 CM 3 900 2,700 emplacement 4 Blinding concrete CM 0.2 60,000 12,000

Final Report 131 Uram Int’l, Natubri Ltd & Ruka Enterprise Ltd IMPLEMENTATION STUDY OF THE LOCAL URBAN DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF RULINDO DISTRICT [SHYORONGI & KININI URBAN AREAS)

Reinforced Concrete Base 5 CM 0.4 80,000 32,000 7 plastering SM 3.54 3,750 13,275 slab Elevation of stone masonry Emptying pipe of AG 1"1/4 6 CM 2.16 50,000 108,000 walls 8 yc turned accessories ml LM 0.5 8,000 4,000 0,50 Rendering of internal wall 7 SM 7.2 3,500 25,200 PVC DN 40 pipe for with water proof mortar 9 connection on the origin Ls 1 6,000 6,000 Reinforced Concrete slab work FF 1,00 8 CM 0.5 250,000 125,000 cover TOTAL FOR 1 195,212 Repainting of external REJECTION HEAD 9 masonry walls with cement SM 8.64 1,200 10,368 TOTAL FOR 8 mortar 1,561,696 REJECTION HEAD Supply and installation of

trapdoor of 60X60 cm in pce 1 80,000 80,000 CONSTRUCTION WORKS OF WATER TANK OF 50m3 iron sheet of 3mm thick . Supply and installation of pce 1 40,000 40,000 DESIGNATION OF THE reduced 50 N0 UNITY Qty PU (Frw) PT (Frw) WORKS Supply and installation of Construction of water tank in air valve DN 40 in cast iron pce 1 45,000 45,000 + accessories stone of 50 m3 TOTAL FOR 1AIR Excavation, embankment and evacuation or display of the EVACUATION 578,968 1 m3 48.9 1,500 73,380 CHAMBER excess soils including all TOTAL FOR 6 AIR vassalages EVACUATION 3,473,808 2 Excavation of foundation m3 84.8 1,800 152,604 CHAMBER Hardcore of 30cm with a REJECTION HEAD replenishment of the emptiness 3 m3 17.8 55,000 981,200 with the help of a mortar Soil cutting for ground (dosage:300kg/m3) 1 CM 3.63 900 3,267 emplacement Reinforced concrete for the sill 4 m3 7.93 350,000 2,775,500 of fondation(dosage:400kg/m3) 2 Stone layer of 30cm thick CM 1.45 42,000 60,900 Reinforced concrete for footings

Blinding concrete of 5cm and columns 3 3 CM 0.1 60,000 6,000 5 m 1.43 350,000 500,150 thick 2.5x0.25x0.25m(dosage:400kg/ m3) Reinforced Concrete Base 4 CM 0.2 80,000 16,000 Reinforced concrete for the slab of 10cm thick 6 m3 5.87 350,000 2,054,150 cover slab(dosage:400kg/m3) Elevation of stone masonry 5 CM 1.56 50,000 78,000 Elevation wall made in stone walls 7 m3 20.9 60,000 1,251,120 masonry (dosage:350kg/m3) Rendering of internal wall 6 SM 2.22 3,500 7,770 Coating of the partition inside of with water proof mortar 8 the room with 3 layers of sealers m2 31.4 8,000 251,272 waterproofed

Final Report 132 Uram Int’l, Natubri Ltd & Ruka Enterprise Ltd IMPLEMENTATION STUDY OF THE LOCAL URBAN DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF RULINDO DISTRICT [SHYORONGI & KININI URBAN AREAS)

(dosage:350kg/m3) Supply and pose of one metallic 9 lid of 80x80x0,3 cm provided pce 1 120,000 120,000 with a ventilation hat Supply and pose of three layers 9 m2 31.4 6,000 188,454 Supply and pose of a ladder of of painting food époxy access to the interior paint in Coating to the over of the top 10 three layers of the painting anti - ml 1 50,000 50,000 10 tile with the m2 37.5 6,000 224,964 rust, recessed in the paroi, le is mortier(dosage:350kg/m3) not of 25cm Supply and pose of one metallic 11 lid of 80x80x0,3 cm provided pce 2 150,000 300,000 S/TOTAL 807,560 with a ventilation hat Construction of a head of Supply and installation of the dismissal of the reservoir of 12 FF 1 1,200,000 1,200,000 hydraulic facilities 50m3 Excavation, embankment and evacuation or display of the TOTAL 9,952,794 1 m3 5.67 1,800 10,206 excess soils including all Construction of manhole of vassalages floodgate of the reservoir of Concrete of cleanliness, 50m3 2 thickness m3 0.11 250,000 27,500 Excavation, embankment and 5cm(dosage:300kg/m3) evacuation or display of the 1 m3 10.7 1,800 19,260 Reinforced concrete for the sill excess soils including all 3 of foundation m3 0.23 350,000 80,500 vassalages (dosage:400kg/m3) Concrete of cleanliness, Elevation of the walls in quarry 3 2 thickness m 0.17 250,000 42,500 4 stones jointed to the m2 0.14 60,000 8,400 5cm(dosage:300kg/m3) outside(dosage:350kg/m3) Reinforced concrete for the sill Coating of the partitions with 3 3 3 of foundation m 0.32 350,000 112,000 5 layers of sealers m2 5.33 8,000 42,640 (dosage:400kg/m3) (dosage:350kg/m3) Reinforced concrete for the 3 Cesspool of 1m3 full of gravels 4 m 0.22 350,000 77,000 6 pce 1 55,000 55,000 cover slab(dosage:400kg/m3) and small stones Elevation wall made in stone 5 m3 1.44 60,000 86,400 S/TOTAL 224,246 masonry (dosage:350kg/m3) Coating of the interior and TOTAL 10,984,600 outside partition of the look 6 m2 14.4 8,000 115,200 GENERAL TOTAL OF 3 with 3 layers of sealers 32,953,800 reservoir of 50m3 (dosage:350kg/m3) Coating of the partition inside of CONSTRUCTION WORKS OF WATER TANK OF 150m3. the room with 3 layers of sealers DESIGNATION OF THE 7 m2 4.4 8,000 35,200 N0 UNITY Qty PU (Frw) PT (Frw) waterproofed WORKS (dosage:350kg/m3) Construction of water tank in

Supply and pose of the gear stone of 150 m3 8 ff 1 150,000 150,000 hydraulics Excavation, embankment and 1 m3 147 1,500 220,140 evacuation or display of the

Final Report 133 Uram Int’l, Natubri Ltd & Ruka Enterprise Ltd IMPLEMENTATION STUDY OF THE LOCAL URBAN DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF RULINDO DISTRICT [SHYORONGI & KININI URBAN AREAS)

excess soils including all Concrete of cleanliness, vassalages 2 thickness m3 0.51 250,000 127,500 5cm(dosage:300kg/m3) 2 Excavation of foundation m3 254 1,800 457,812 Reinforced concrete for the sill 3 of foundation m3 0.96 350,000 336,000 Hardcore of 30cm with a (dosage:400kg/m3) replenishment of the emptiness 3 3 m 53.5 55,000 2,943,600 Reinforced concrete for the with the help of a mortar 4 m3 0.66 350,000 231,000 (dosage:300kg/m3) cover slab(dosage:400kg/m3) Reinforced concrete for the sill Elevation wall made in stone 5 m3 4.32 60,000 259,200 4 of foundation m3 23.8 350,000 8,326,500 masonry (dosage:350kg/m3) (dosage:400kg/m3) Coating of the interior and Reinforced concrete for footings outside partition of the look and columns 6 m2 43.2 8,000 345,600 5 m3 4.29 350,000 1,500,450 with 3 layers of sealers 2.5x0.25x0.25m(dosage:400kg/ (dosage:350kg/m3) m3) Coating of the partition inside of Reinforced concrete for the the room with 3 layers of sealers 6 m3 17.6 350,000 6,162,450 7 m2 13.2 8,000 105,600 cover slab(dosage:400kg/m3) waterproofed (dosage:350kg/m3) Elevation wall made in stone 3 7 m 62.6 60,000 3,753,360 Supply and pose of the gear masonry (dosage:350kg/m3) 8 ff 1 280,000 280,000 Coating of the partition inside of hydraulics the room with 3 layers of sealers Supply and pose of one metallic 8 m2 94.2 8,000 753,816 waterproofed 9 lid of 80x80x0,3 cm provided pce 1 150,000 150,000 (dosage:350kg/m3) with a ventilation hat Supply and pose of a ladder of Supply and pose of three layers 9 m2 94.2 6,000 565,362 access to the inside, painting in of painting food époxy 10 three layers of the painting anti - ml 1 65,000 65,000 Coating to the over of the top rust, recessed in the wall, is not 10 tile with the mortar m2 112 6,000 674,892 of 25cm (dosage:350kg/m3) S/TOTAL 1,957,680 Supply and pose of one metallic 11 lid of 80x80x0,3 cm provided pce 2 150,000 300,000 Construction of a head of

with a ventilation hat dismissal of the reservoir of Supply and installation of the 150m3 12 FF 1 1,450,000 1,450,000 hydraulic facilities Excavation, embankment and evacuation or display of the 1 m3 17 1,800 30,618 TOTAL 27,108,382 excess soils including all Construction of manhole of vassalages floodgate of the reservoir of Concrete of cleanliness, 150m3 2 thickness m3 0.33 250,000 82,500 Excavation, embankment and 5cm(dosage:300kg/m3) evacuation or display of the 1 m3 32.1 1,800 57,780 Reinforced concrete for the sill excess soils including all 3 of foundation m3 0.69 350,000 241,500 vassalages (dosage:400kg/m3)

Final Report 134 Uram Int’l, Natubri Ltd & Ruka Enterprise Ltd IMPLEMENTATION STUDY OF THE LOCAL URBAN DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF RULINDO DISTRICT [SHYORONGI & KININI URBAN AREAS)

Elevation of the walls in quarry Coating of the partition inside of 4 stones jointed to the m2 0.42 60,000 25,200 the room with 3 layers of sealers 8 m2 188 8,000 1,507,632 outside(dosage:350kg/m3) waterproofed Coating of the partitions with 3 (dosage:350kg/m3) 5 layers of sealers m2 16 8,000 127,920 Supply and pose of three layers 9 m2 188 6,000 1,130,724 (dosage:350kg/m3) of painting food epoxy Cesspool of 1m3 full of gravels 6 pce 1 65,000 65,000 Coating to the cover of the top and small stones tile with the mortar 10 m2 225 6,000 1,349,784 S/TOTAL 572,738 (dosage:350kg/m3)

TOTAL 29,638,800 Supply and pose of one metallic lid of 80x80x0,3 cm provided GENERAL TOTAL OF 2 11 pce 4 150,000 600,000 59,277,600 with a ventilation hat reservoir of 150m3

Supply and installation of the 12 FF 1 1,450,000 1,450,000 hydraulic facilities DESIGNATION OF THE N0 UNITY Qty PU (Frw) PT (Frw) WORKS TOTAL 75,938,380 Construction of water tank in Construction of manhole of stone of 300 m3 in reinforced floodgate of the reservoir of concrete. 300m3 Excavation, embankment and Excavation, embankment and evacuation or display of the 1 m3 186 1,500 279,600 evacuation or display of the excess soils including all 1 m3 52.2 1,800 93,888 excess soils including all vassalages vassalages 2 Excavation of foundation m3 265 1,800 476,640 Concrete of cleanliness, 2 thickness m3 1.02 250,000 255,000 Hardcore of 30cm with a 5cm(dosage:300kg/m3) replenishment of the emptiness 3 m3 107 55,000 5,887,200 with the help of a mortar Reinforced concrete for the sill 3 (dosage:300kg/m3) 3 of m 1.92 350,000 672,000 foundation(dosage:400kg/m3) Reinforced concrete for the sill 3 Reinforced concrete for the 4 of m 47.6 350,000 16,653,000 4 m3 1.32 350,000 462,000 foundation(dosage:400kg/m3) cover slab(dosage:400kg/m3) Reinforced concrete for footings Elevation wall made in stone 3 and columns 5 m 8.64 60,000 518,400 5 m3 8.57 350,000 3,000,900 masonry (dosage:350kg/m3) 2.5x0.25x0.25m(dosage:400kg/ Coating of the interior and m3) outside partition of the look 2 Reinforced concrete for the 6 m 86.4 8,000 691,200 6 m3 35.2 350,000 12,324,900 with 3 layers of sealers cover slab(dosage:400kg/m3) (dosage:350kg/m3) Reinforced concrete of wall Coating of the partition inside of 7 made in stone masonry m3 125 250,000 31,278,000 7 the room with 3 layers of sealers m2 26.4 8,000 211,200 (dosage:400kg/m3) waterproofed

Final Report 135 Uram Int’l, Natubri Ltd & Ruka Enterprise Ltd IMPLEMENTATION STUDY OF THE LOCAL URBAN DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF RULINDO DISTRICT [SHYORONGI & KININI URBAN AREAS)

(dosage:350kg/m3) CONSTRUCTION WORKS OF WATER TANK OF 25m3.

Supply and pose of the gear DESIGNATION OF THE 8 ff 2 280,000 560,000 N0 UNITY Qty PU (Frw) PT (Frw) hydraulics WORKS Supply and pose of one metallic Construction of water tank

9 lid of 80x80x0,3 cm provided pce 2 150,000 300,000 in stone of 25 m3 with a ventilation hat Excavation, embankment and Supply and pose of a ladder of evacuation or display of the 1 m3 19.8 1,500 29,730 access to the inside ,painting in excess soils including all 10 three layers of the painting anti - ml 2 65,000 130,000 vassalages rust, recessed in the wall, is not of 25cm 2 Excavation of foundation m3 32.6 1,800 58,680

S/TOTAL 3,893,688 Hardcore of 30cm with a replenishment of the 3 m3 8.92 55,000 490,600 Construction of a head of emptiness with the help of a dismissal of the reservoir of mortar (dosage:300kg/m3) 300m3 Reinforced concrete for the sill Excavation, embankment and of evacuation or display of the 4 m3 3.97 350,000 1,387,750 1 m3 28.4 1,800 51,048 foundation(dosage:400kg/m3 excess soils including all ) vassalages Reinforced concrete for Concrete of cleanliness, footings and columns 2 thickness m3 0.66 250,000 165,000 5 m3 0.71 350,000 250,075 2.5x0.25x0.25m(dosage:400kg 5cm(dosage:300kg/m3) /m3) Reinforced concrete for the sill Reinforced concrete for the 3 of m3 1.38 350,000 483,000 6 m3 2.93 350,000 1,027,075 foundation(dosage:400kg/m3) cover slab(dosage:400kg/m3) Elevation of the walls in quarry Elevation wall made in stone 7 m3 10.4 60,000 625,560 4 stones jointed to the m2 0.84 60,000 50,400 masonry (dosage:350kg/m3) outside(dosage:350kg/m3) Coating of the partition inside Coating of the partitions with 3 of the room with 3 layers of 8 m2 15.7 8,000 125,636 5 layers of sealers m2 32 8,000 255,840 sealers waterproofed (dosage:350kg/m3) (dosage:350kg/m3) Cesspool of 1m3 full of gravels Supply and pose of three 6 pce 1 65,000 65,000 9 m2 15.7 6,000 94,227 and small stones layers of painting food epoxy Coating to the cover of the top S/TOTAL 1,070,288 10 tile with the m2 18.7 6,000 112,482 mortar(dosage:350kg/m3) TOTAL 80,902,356 Supply and pose of one metallic lid of 80x80x0,3 cm GENERAL TOTAL OF 11 pce 1 150,000 150,000 80,902,356 provided with a ventilation 1reservoir of 300m3 hat

Final Report 136 Uram Int’l, Natubri Ltd & Ruka Enterprise Ltd IMPLEMENTATION STUDY OF THE LOCAL URBAN DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF RULINDO DISTRICT [SHYORONGI & KININI URBAN AREAS)

Supply and installation of the Construction of a head of 12 FF 1 1,000,000 1,000,000 hydraulic facilities dismissal of the reservoir of 25m3 TOTAL 5,351,815 Excavation, embankment and evacuation or display of the Construction of manhole of 1 m3 2.82 1,800 5,083 floodgate of the reservoir of excess soils including all 25m3 vassalages Excavation, embankment and Concrete of cleanliness, evacuation or display of the 2 thickness m3 0.06 250,000 13,750 1 m3 3.96 1,800 7,128 excess soils including all 5cm(dosage:300kg/m3) vassalages Reinforced concrete for the sill of Concrete of cleanliness, 3 m3 0.12 350,000 40,250 2 thickness m3 0.09 250,000 21,250 foundation(dosage:400kg/m3 5cm(dosage:300kg/m3) ) Reinforced concrete for the sill Elevation of the walls in of 4 quarry stones jointed to the m2 0.07 60,000 4,200 3 m3 0.16 350,000 56,000 foundation(dosage:400kg/m3 outside(dosage:350kg/m3) ) Coating of the partitions with 2 Reinforced concrete for the 5 3 layers of sealers m 2.67 8,000 21,320 4 m3 0.11 350,000 38,500 cover slab(dosage:400kg/m3) (dosage:350kg/m3) Cesspool of 1m3 full of Elevation wall made in stone 6 pce 1 55,000 55,000 5 m3 0.72 60,000 43,200 gravels and small stones masonry (dosage:350kg/m3) Coating of the interior and S/TOTAL 139,603 outside partition of the look 6 m2 7.2 8,000 57,600 TOTAL 6,052,696 with 3 layers of sealers (dosage:350kg/m3) GENERAL TOTAL OF 2 12,105,392 Coating of the partition inside reservoir of 25m3 of the room with 3 layers of 7 m2 2.2 8,000 17,600 CONSTRUCTION OF sealers waterproofed HOUSE FOR PUMP (dosage:350kg/m3) Supply and pose of the gear 8 ff 1 150,000 150,000 1 Earth works CM 24.3 800 19,440 hydraulics Supply and pose of one 2 Excavation trenches CM 6.33 1,000 6,330 metallic lid of 80x80x0,3 cm 9 pce 1 120,000 120,000 provided with a ventilation hat 3 Blinding concrete CM 0.4 60,000 24,000 Supply and pose of a sample Masonry of foundation in of access to the inside, 4 CM 7.52 60,000 451,200 10 painting in three layers of the ml 1 50,000 50,000 stones painting anti - rust, recessed Mortar screwed on the top of 5 SM 7.92 1,500 11,880 in the wall is not of 25cm foundation

S/TOTAL 561,278

Final Report 137 Uram Int’l, Natubri Ltd & Ruka Enterprise Ltd IMPLEMENTATION STUDY OF THE LOCAL URBAN DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF RULINDO DISTRICT [SHYORONGI & KININI URBAN AREAS)

6 Roofing for isolation LM 19.8 800 15,840 24 Ramps + tubes pce 4 2,500 10,000

7 Masonry in burnt bricks SM 46.92 50,000 2,346,000 25 Simple switch pce 2 500 1,000

Rendering of internal wall 8 SM 44.52 2,500 111,300 26 Simple socket pce 1 500 500 with water proof mortar Repainting of external 9 masonry walls with cement SM 46.92 1,200 56,304 27 Divisionary cable box pce 1 3,000 3,000 mortar TOTAL HOUSE FOR PUMP 4,319,944 10 Clusters for Air conditioning SM 1.6 6,000 9,600 TOTAL OF 1HOUSE FOR Footing in Reinforced 4,319,944 11 SM 0.64 180,000 115,200 PUMP concrete Columns in Reinforced 1 EMPTYING CHAMBER 12 CM 0.48 180,000 86,400 concrete Soil cutting for ground Chaining of Reinforced 2 CM 2.35 800 1,880 13 CM 0.79 180,000 142,200 emplacement concrete double plain doors of 3 Stone layer of 30cm thick CM 0.2 45,000 9,000 14 pce 1 180,000 180,000 (160*210) cm 4 Blinding concrete CM 0.4 60,000 24,000 15 Steel windows of (120*100) pce 2 90,000 180,000 Reinforced Concrete Base crawling in steel tubes of 5 CM 2.16 70,000 151,200 16 LM 16.5 2,500 41,250 slab (60*40) Elevation of stone masonry purling in steel tubes of 6 CM 7.2 60,000 432,000 17 LM 19.2 2,000 38,400 walls (40*40) Rendering of internal wall Roof cover in iron sheet of 28 7 SM 0.5 2,500 1,250 18 SM 35.2 3,250 114,400 with water proof mortar BG Reinforced Concrete slab 8 CM 2.16 200,000 432,000 19 Pin for pump (1,50*0,80*0,60) CM 0.54 180,000 97,200 cover Repainting of external 20 Before pavement in stones SM 20.5 4,500 92,250 9 masonry walls with cement SM 8.64 1,200 10,368 mortar Supply and installation of 21 Coating of rough pavement SM 20.5 3,000 61,500 10 trapdoor of 60X60 cm in iron Pce 1 70,000 70,000 sheet of 3mm thick 22 Kerb in channel SM 9.9 2,500 24,750 Supply and installation of 11 pce 1 6,000 6,000 reduced 50 23 Cabling + tubes Ls 1 80,000 80,000 Supply and installation of 12 valve DN 40 in cast iron + pce 1 12,000 12,000 accessories

Final Report 138 Uram Int’l, Natubri Ltd & Ruka Enterprise Ltd IMPLEMENTATION STUDY OF THE LOCAL URBAN DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF RULINDO DISTRICT [SHYORONGI & KININI URBAN AREAS)

TOTAL 01 FOR EMPTYING TOTAL FOR 4 SECTIONNING 1,149,698 2,175,872 Depending to the detailed study. CHAMBER CHAMBER TOTAL FOR 6 AIR TOTAL 02 FOR EMPTYING 3,473,808 Depending to the detailed study. 2 2,299,396 EVACUATION CHAMBER CHAMBER TOTAL FOR 8 REJECTION 1,561,696 Depending to the detailed study. PUMP ACCESSORIES HEAD GENERAL TOTA OF 3 As decided due to the number of Supply and installation of a 32,953,800 moto pump with horizontal reservoir of 50m3 population. axis + accessories whose characteristics are as follow GENERAL TOTAL OF 2 As decided due to the number of 1 pce 2 21,000,000 42,000,000 59,277,600 (KSB MOVI 32/13), Q=25 reservoir of 150m3 population. m3/h, HMT=170m, P = 25 KW, N =2900, NSPH= 2.52, GENERAL TOTAL OF As decided due to the number of 80,902,356 Push back pressure = 6 bars 1reservoir of 300m3 population. Supply and installation of generator KIPOR+ accessories GENERAL TOTAL OF As decided due to the number of 12,105,392 2 powered at 60 KW, pce 1 2,600,000 2,600,000 2reservoir of 25m3 population. frequencies : 50HZ, U : TOTAL FOR PUMPING As decided due to the existing 400/230 Volts 51,699,340 Manual for maintenance in WORKS situation. 3 pce 4 120,000 480,000 four samples GENERAL TOTAL FOR To be increased due to the length of TOTAL FOR PUMP 263,062,464 45,080,000 WATER SUPPLY(TTC) pipe line to be done. ACCESSORIES TOTAL FOR PUMPING 51,699,340 WORKS GENERAL TOTAL FOR  WATER SUPPLY FOR KININI SITE WATER SUPPLY FOR 35 777,115,264 KM ALL TAXES INCLUDED

Table 45: Bill of quantities Water supply SUMMARY OF WATER SUPPLY FOR SHYORONGI SITE No Description of works Unit Quantity U Price T Price

SITE INSTALLATION AND SITE 1 Ls 1 600,000 600,000 ACTIVITIES TO BE DONE ESTIMATE COST OBSERVATIONS FALL BACK SUB/TOTAL 600,000 GENERAL TOTAL FOR 1 3,793,400 Depending to the discharge flow. CATCHMENT ZONES 1 Earth works CM 120 900 108,000 COST ESTIMATION OF 1 KM Total cost will depend to the length of Cutting of grasses and trees in the TO CONDUCT WATER 15,119,200 2 SM 46 500 23,000 pipe line to be done. catchment zone WITHIN 2 BF FOR 1KM Cutting of soil and creation of trenches 3 in catchment area and in moved soils CM 24 800 19,200 of 12% Final Report 139 Uram Int’l, Natubri Ltd & Ruka Enterprise Ltd IMPLEMENTATION STUDY OF THE LOCAL URBAN DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF RULINDO DISTRICT [SHYORONGI & KININI URBAN AREAS)

Cutting of soil and creation of trenches Rendering of internal wall with water 8 SM 14.56 3,000 43,680 4 in catchment area and in moved varied CM 92 800 73,600 epoxy in two layers soils of 88% Repainting of external masonry walls 9 SM 25.1 1,200 30,120 5 Refilling in catchment zone CM 90 150 13,500 with cement mortar

6 Waterproof plastic layer m2 24 1200 28,800 10 Supply and installation of visit ladder. Ls 1 45,000 45,000

7 Clay layer for water proof CM 14 42,000 588,000 Supply and installation of trapdoor of 11 pce 1 80,000 80,000 60X60 cm in iron sheet of 3mm thick 8 Draining gravels CM 12 45,000 540,000 Supply and installation of holed pipe 12 pce 1 10,000 10,000 Supply and laying of PVC 75 PN10 of D 90+ accessories. 9 LM 60 4,500 270,000 slot pipes Supply and installation of ball bearing 13 pce 1 13,000 13,000 valve AG 1"½+ accessories 10 Construction of protection channel LM 80 1,200 96,000 Supply and installation of ball bearing 14 pce 2 12,000 24,000 valve AG 1 ¼" + accessories 11 Erection of euphorbia enclosure LM 80 1,000 80,000 Supply and installation of ball bearing 15 pce 1 8,000 8,000 Plantation of fixing grasses of valve AG 1" + accessories 12 SM 120 700 84,000 100plants/m2 in catchment area. Supply and installation of internal 16 Ls 1 25,000 25,000 pipes 13 Connection to the departure chamber Ls 1 40,000 40,000 Supply and installation of funnel for 17 pce 1 45,000 45,000 the overflow SUB/TOTAL 1,964,100 TOTAL OF DEPARTURE pce 1 1,229,300 CHAMBER Construction of departure chambers TOTAL FOR 1 CATCHMENT 3,793,400 ZONES GENERAL TOTAL FOR 5 1 Earth works for ground emplacement CM 3.1 800 2,480 18,967,000 CATCHMENT ZONES

2 Stone layer of 30cm thick CM 4.43 42,000 186,060 COST ESTIMATION OF 1KM TO CONDUCT WATER

3 Blinding concrete CM 0.4 60,000 24,000 No Description of works Unit Quantity U Price T Price

4 Reinforced Concrete Base slab CM 0.8 70,000 56,000 Trenches for main pipe to conduct 1 from the source to reservoirs in PVC 90 PN10 5 Elevation of stone masonry walls CM 7.72 50,000 386,000 2 Trenches in 1,20 m deep ; CM 960 800 768,000 6 Reinforced Concrete slab cover CM 1 200,000 200,000 3 Refilling of Trenches of 1,20 m deep ; CM 1248 800 998,400 Rendering of internal wall with water 7 SM 14.56 3,500 50,960 proof mortar

Final Report 140 Uram Int’l, Natubri Ltd & Ruka Enterprise Ltd IMPLEMENTATION STUDY OF THE LOCAL URBAN DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF RULINDO DISTRICT [SHYORONGI & KININI URBAN AREAS)

Laying fixing pipes of PVC 90PN10 in 4 LM 1000 5500 5,500,000 9 Reinforced Concrete Base slab CM 0.9 80,000 72,000 trenches Pressure test in the overall of the 5 LM 1000 300 300,000 10 Elevation of stone masonry walls CM 9.75 50,000 487,500 conduct Disinfection of the overall water 6 LM 1000 1,500 1,500,000 11 Reinforced Concrete slab cover CM 1.3 250,000 325,000 conduct Rendering of internal wall with water Extension to the drinking fountain 12 SM 16.75 3,500 58,625 proof mortar 1 Trenches in 1,20 m deep ; CM 192 800 153,600 Rendering of internal wall with water 13 SM 16.75 3,000 50,250 epoxy in two layers 2 Refilling of Trenches of 1,20 m deep ; CM 249.6 2,000 499,200 Rendering of internal wall with 14 SM 18 2,500 45,000 Laying and fixing pipes of PVC ordinary layer 3 LM 300 3,000 900,000 50PN10 in trenches Repainting of external masonry walls 15 SM 26.45 1,200 31,740 Pressure test in the overall of the with cement mortar 4 LM 300 200 60,000 conduct 16 Supply and installation of visit ladder. Ls 1 45,000 45,000 Disinfection of the overall water 5 LM 300 1,500 450,000 conduct Supply and installation of trapdoor of 17 pce 1 80,000 80,000 SUB /TOTAL 10,619,200 60X60 cm in iron sheet of 3mm thick Supply and installation of holed pipe Construction works of 1 Boundary- 18 pce 1 12,000 12,000 6 mark fountain kiosk (3.2mx2.2m) pce 1 1,750,000 1,750,000 of D 110+ accessories. within hydraulic accessories. Supply and installation of ball bearing 19 pce 1 13,000 13,000 SUB /TOTAL 2 BOUNDARY valve AG 1"½+ accessories 3,500,000 FOUNTAINS Supply and installation of ball bearing 20 pce 2 12,000 24,000 GENERAL TOTAL FOR 1 KM 14,119,200 valve AG 1 ¼" + accessories Supply and installation of ball bearing GENERAL TOTAL FOR 25 KM 352,980,000 21 pce 1 8,000 8,000 valve AG 1" + accessories Supply and installation of internal 22 Ls 1 25,000 25,000 pipes CONSTRUCTION OF COLLECTING Supply and installation of funnel for 23 pce 1 45,000 45,000 CHAMBER the overflow T0TAL FOR 1 COLLECTING 1 Earth works for ground emplacement CM 22 900 19,800 1,695,915 CHAMBER T0TAL FOR 2 COLLECTING 7 Stone layer of 30cm thick CM 7.2 45,000 324,000 3,391,830 CHAMBER

8 Blinding concrete CM 0.5 60,000 30,000 SECTIONNING VALVE CHAMBER

Final Report 141 Uram Int’l, Natubri Ltd & Ruka Enterprise Ltd IMPLEMENTATION STUDY OF THE LOCAL URBAN DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF RULINDO DISTRICT [SHYORONGI & KININI URBAN AREAS)

1 Soil cutting for ground emplacement CM 3 900 2,700 5 Reinforced Concrete Base slab CM 0.4 80,000 32,000

2 Stone layer of 30cm thick CM 2.35 42,000 98,700 6 Elevation of stone masonry walls CM 2.16 50,000 108,000

Rendering of internal wall with water 3 Blinding concrete CM 0.2 60,000 12,000 7 SM 7.2 3,500 25,200 proof mortar

4 Reinforced Concrete Base slab CM 0.4 80,000 32,000 8 Reinforced Concrete slab cover CM 0.5 250,000 125,000

Repainting of external masonry walls 9 Elevation of stone masonry walls CM 2.16 50,000 108,000 9 SM 8.64 1,200 10,368 with cement mortar Rendering of internal wall with water Supply and installation of trapdoor of 10 SM 7.2 3,500 25,200 10 pce 1 80,000 80,000 proof mortar 60X60 cm in iron sheet of 3mm thick

10 Reinforced Concrete slab cover CM 0.5 250,000 125,000 11 Supply and installation of reduced 50 pce 1 40,000 40,000

Repainting of external masonry walls Supply and installation of air valve 11 LM 8.64 1,200 10,368 12 pce 1 45,000 45,000 with cement mortar DN 40 in cast iron + accessories Supply and installation of trapdoor of TOTAL FOR 1AIR EVACUATION 12 pce 1 80,000 80,000 578,968 60X60 cm in iron sheet of 3mm thick CHAMBER Supply and installation of reduced 75- TOTAL FOR 3 AIR EVACUATION 13 pce 1 30,000 30,000 1,736,904 63 CHAMBER Supply and installation of ball bearing 14 pce 1 12,000 12,000 REJECTION HEAD valve AG 1" + accessories Supply and installation of ball bearing 15 pce 1 8,000 8,000 1 Soil cutting for ground emplacement CM 3.63 900 3,267 valve AG 1 ¼" + accessories TOTAL FOR 1 SECTIONNING 543,968 2 Stone layer of 30cm thick CM 1.45 42,000 60,900 CHAMBER TOTAL FOR 2 SECTIONNING 1,087,936 3 Blinding concrete of 5cm thick CM 0.1 60,000 6,000 CHAMBER Reinforced Concrete Base slab of 1 AIR EVACUATION CHAMBER 4 CM 0.2 80,000 16,000 10cm thick

2 Soil cutting for ground emplacement CM 3 900 2,700 5 Elevation of stone masonry walls CM 1.56 50,000 78,000

Rendering of internal wall with water 3 Stone layer of 30cm thick CM 2.35 42,000 98,700 6 SM 2.22 3,500 7,770 proof mortar

4 Blinding concrete CM 0.2 60,000 12,000 7 plastering SM 3.54 3,750 13,275

Final Report 142 Uram Int’l, Natubri Ltd & Ruka Enterprise Ltd IMPLEMENTATION STUDY OF THE LOCAL URBAN DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF RULINDO DISTRICT [SHYORONGI & KININI URBAN AREAS)

Emptying pipe of AG 1"1/4 yc turned Coating to the cover of the top tile 8 LM 0.5 8,000 4,000 10 m2 37.494 6,000 224,964 accessories ml 0,50 with the mortar(dosage:350kg/m3) PVC DN 40 pipe for connection on the Supply and pose of one metallic lid of 9 Ls 1 6,000 6,000 origin work FF 1,00 11 80x80x0,3 cm provided with a pce 2 150,000 300,000 ventilation hat TOTAL FOR 1 REJECTION HEAD 195,212 Supply and installation of the 1,200,00 12 FF 1 1,200,000 hydraulic facilities 0 TOTAL FOR 4 REJECTION HEAD 780,848 TOTAL 9,952,794

CONSTRUCTION WORKS OF WATER TANK OF 50m3. Construction of manhole of

floodgate of the reservoir of 50m3 Excavation, embankment and UNIT PU 1 evacuation or display of the excess m3 10.7 1,800 19,260 N0 DESIGNATION OF THE WORKS Qty PT (Frw) Y (Frw) soils including all vassalages Construction of water tank in stone Concrete of cleanliness, thickness 2 m3 0.17 250,000 42,500 of 50 m3 5cm(dosage:300kg/m3) Excavation, embankment and Reinforced concrete for the sill of 3 m3 0.32 350,000 112,000 1 evacuation or display of the excess m3 48.92 1,500 73,380 foundation(dosage:400kg/m3) soils including all vassalages Reinforced concrete for the cover 4 m3 0.22 350,000 77,000 2 Excavation of foundation m3 84.78 1,800 152,604 slab(dosage:400kg/m3) Elevation wall made in stone 5 m3 1.44 60,000 86,400 Hardcore of 30cm with a masonry (dosage:350kg/m3) replenishment of the emptiness with 3 m3 17.84 55,000 981,200 the help of a mortar Coating of the interior and outside 2 (dosage:300kg/m3) 6 partition of the look with 3 layers of m 14.4 8,000 115,200 sealers (dosage:350kg/m3) Reinforced concrete for the sill of 4 m3 7.93 350,000 2,775,500 Coating of the partition inside of the foundation(dosage:400kg/m3) 7 room with 3 layers of sealers m2 4.4 8,000 35,200 Reinforced concrete for footings and waterproofed (dosage:350kg/m3) 5 columns m3 1.429 350,000 500,150 Supply and pose of the gear 2.5x0.25x0.25m(dosage:400kg/m3) 8 ff 1 150,000 150,000 hydraulics Reinforced concrete for the cover 6 m3 5.869 350,000 2,054,150 Supply and pose of one metallic lid of slab(dosage:400kg/m3) 9 80x80x0,3 cm provided with a pce 1 120,000 120,000 Elevation wall made in stone ventilation hat 7 m3 20.852 60,000 1,251,120 masonry (dosage:350kg/m3) Supply and pose of a ladder of access to the interior paint in three layers of Coating of the partition inside of the 10 ml 1 50,000 50,000 8 room with 3 layers of sealers m2 31.409 8,000 251,272 the painting anti - rust, recessed in waterproofed (dosage:350kg/m3) the wall is not of 25cm Supply and pose of three layers of 9 m2 31.409 6,000 188,454 S/TOTAL 807,560 painting food epoxy

Final Report 143 Uram Int’l, Natubri Ltd & Ruka Enterprise Ltd IMPLEMENTATION STUDY OF THE LOCAL URBAN DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF RULINDO DISTRICT [SHYORONGI & KININI URBAN AREAS)

Reinforced concrete for footings and Construction of a head of dismissal 1,500,4 5 columns m3 4.287 350,000 of the reservoir of 50m3 50 2.5x0.25x0.25m(dosage:400kg/m3) Excavation, embankment and 3 Reinforced concrete for the cover 6,162,4 1 evacuation or display of the excess m 5.67 1,800 10,206 6 m3 17.607 350,000 soils including all vassalages slab(dosage:400kg/m3) 50 Concrete of cleanliness, thickness Elevation wall made in stone 3,753,3 2 m3 0.11 250,000 27,500 7 m3 62.556 60,000 5cm(dosage:300kg/m3) masonry (dosage:350kg/m3) 60 Coating of the partition inside of the Reinforced concrete for the sill of 3 753,81 3 m 0.23 350,000 80,500 8 room with 3 layers of sealers m2 94.227 8,000 foundation(dosage:400kg/m3) 6 waterproofed (dosage:350kg/m3) Elevation of the walls in quarry 2 Supply and pose of three layers of 565,36 4 stones jointed to the m 0.14 60,000 8,400 9 m2 94.227 6,000 outside(dosage:350kg/m3) painting food epoxy 2 Coating of the partitions with 3 layers Coating to the cover of the top tile 674,89 5 m2 5.33 8,000 42,640 10 m2 112.48 6,000 of sealers (dosage:350kg/m3) with the mortar(dosage:350kg/m3) 2 Supply and pose of one metallic lid Cesspool of 1m3 full of gravels and 300,00 6 pce 1 55,000 55,000 11 of 80x80x0,3 cm provided with a pce 2 150,000 small stones 0 ventilation hat S/TOTAL 224,246 Supply and installation of the 1,450,0 12 FF 1 1,450,000 hydraulic facilities 00 TOTAL 10,984,600 27,108, TOTAL 382 GENERAL TOTAL OF 1 reservoir of 10,984,600 Construction of manhole of 50m3 floodgate of the reservoir of 150m3 CONSTRUCTION WORKS OF WATER TANK OF 150m3. Excavation, embankment and 1 evacuation or display of the excess m3 32.1 1,800 57,780 UNIT PT soils including all vassalages N0 DESIGNATION OF THE WORKS Qty PU (Frw) Y (Frw) Concrete of cleanliness, thickness 127,50 2 m3 0.51 250,000 Construction of water tank in stone 5cm(dosage:300kg/m3) 0

of 150 m3 Reinforced concrete for the sill of 336,00 3 m3 0.96 350,000 Excavation, embankment and foundation(dosage:400kg/m3) 0 220,14 1 evacuation or display of the excess m3 146.76 1,500 Reinforced concrete for the cover 231,00 0 4 m3 0.66 350,000 soils including all vassalages slab(dosage:400kg/m3) 0 457,81 Elevation wall made in stone 259,20 2 Excavation of foundation m3 254.34 1,800 5 m3 4.32 60,000 2 masonry (dosage:350kg/m3) 0 Hardcore of 30cm with a Coating of the interior and outside 345,60 replenishment of the emptiness with 2,943,6 6 partition of the look with 3 layers of m2 43.2 8,000 3 m3 53.52 55,000 0 the help of a mortar 00 sealers (dosage:350kg/m3) (dosage:300kg/m3) Coating of the partition inside of the 105,60 Reinforced concrete for the sill of 8,326,5 7 room with 3 layers of sealers m2 13.2 8,000 4 m3 23.79 350,000 0 foundation(dosage:400kg/m3) 00 waterproofed (dosage:350kg/m3)

Final Report 144 Uram Int’l, Natubri Ltd & Ruka Enterprise Ltd IMPLEMENTATION STUDY OF THE LOCAL URBAN DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF RULINDO DISTRICT [SHYORONGI & KININI URBAN AREAS)

Supply and pose of the gear 280,00 Excavation, embankment and 8 ff 1 280,000 hydraulics 0 1 evacuation or display of the excess soils m3 19.82 1,500 29,730 Supply and pose of one metallic lid including all vassalages 150,00 9 of 80x80x0,3 cm provided with a pce 1 150,000 0 2 Excavation of foundation m3 32.6 1,800 58,680 ventilation hat Supply and pose of a ladder of access Hardcore of 30cm with a replenishment 490,60 to the interior, paint in three layers of 3 of the emptiness with the help of a m3 8.92 55,000 10 ml 1 65,000 65,000 0 the painting anti - rust, recessed in mortar (dosage:300kg/m3) the wall is not of 25cm Reinforced concrete for the sill of 1,387,7 1,957,6 4 m3 3.965 350,000 S/TOTAL foundation(dosage:400kg/m3) 50 80 Reinforced concrete for footings and Construction of a head of dismissal 250,07 5 columns m3 0.7145 350,000 of the reservoir of 150m3 5 2.5x0.25x0.25m(dosage:400kg/m3) Excavation, embankment and Reinforced concrete for the cover 1,027,0 1 evacuation or display of the excess m3 17.01 1,800 30,618 6 m3 2.9345 350,000 slab(dosage:400kg/m3) 75 soils including all vassalages Elevation wall made in stone masonry 625,56 Concrete of cleanliness, thickness 3 2 m3 0.33 250,000 82,500 7 m 10.426 60,000 5cm(dosage:300kg/m3) (dosage:350kg/m3) 0 Coating of the partition inside of the Reinforced concrete for the sill of 241,50 125,63 3 m3 0.69 350,000 8 room with 3 layers of sealers m2 15.705 8,000 foundation(dosage:400kg/m3) 0 6 waterproofed (dosage:350kg/m3) Elevation of the walls in quarry Supply and pose of three layers of 2 9 m2 15.705 6,000 94,227 4 stones jointed to the m 0.42 60,000 25,200 painting food epoxy outside(dosage:350kg/m3) Coating to the cover of the top tile with 112,48 Coating of the partitions with 3 127,92 10 m2 18.747 6,000 5 m2 15.99 8,000 the mortar(dosage:350kg/m3) 2 layers of sealers (dosage:350kg/m3) 0 Supply and pose of one metallic lid of 150,00 Cesspool of 1m3 full of gravels and 11 80x80x0,3 cm provided with a pce 1 150,000 6 pce 1 65,000 65,000 0 small stones ventilation hat 572,73 Supply and installation of the hydraulic 1,000,0 S/TOTAL 12 FF 1 1,000,000 8 facilities 00 29,638, TOTAL 5,351,8 800 TOTAL 15 GENERAL TOTAL OF 1 reservoir of 29,638, Construction of manhole of floodgate 150m3 800 of the reservoir of 25m3 CONSTRUCTION WORKS OF WATER TANK OF 25m3. Excavation, embankment and 1 evacuation or display of the excess soils m3 3.96 1,800 7,128 UNIT PU PT including all vassalages N0 DESIGNATION OF THE WORKS Qty Y (Frw) (Frw) Concrete of cleanliness, thickness 2 m3 0.085 250,000 21,250 Construction of water tank in stone 5cm(dosage:300kg/m3)

of 25 m3 Reinforced concrete for the sill of 3 m3 0.16 350,000 56,000 foundation(dosage:400kg/m3)

Final Report 145 Uram Int’l, Natubri Ltd & Ruka Enterprise Ltd IMPLEMENTATION STUDY OF THE LOCAL URBAN DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF RULINDO DISTRICT [SHYORONGI & KININI URBAN AREAS)

Reinforced concrete for the cover GENERAL TOTAL OF 1reservoir of 6,052,6 4 m3 0.11 350,000 38,500 slab(dosage:400kg/m3) 25m3 96 Elevation wall made in stone masonry GENERAL TOTAL FOR WATER 5 m3 0.72 60,000 43,200 425,62 (dosage:350kg/m3) SUPPLY FOR 25 KM ALL TAXES 0,614 Coating of the interior and outside INCLUDED 6 partition of the look with 3 layers of m2 7.2 8,000 57,600

sealers (dosage:350kg/m3) Coating of the partition inside of the SUMMARY OF WATER SUPPLY FOR KININI SITE 7 room with 3 layers of sealers m2 2.2 8,000 17,600 waterproofed (dosage:350kg/m3) Fwr)ESTIMATION ) ACTIVITIES TO BE DONE OBSERVATIONS 150,00 COST 8 Supply and pose of the gear hydraulics ff 1 150,000 0 Depending to the GENERAL TOTAL FOR 5 CATCHMENT ZONES 18,967,000 Supply and pose of one metallic lid of discharge flow. 120,00 9 80x80x0,3 cm provided with a pce 1 120,000 Total cost will depend 0 COST ESTIMATION OF 1 KM TO CONDUCT ventilation hat 14,119,200 to the length of pipe WATER WITHIN 2 BF FOR 1KM Supply and pose of a echelon of access line to be done. to the interior ,paint in three layers of Depending to the 10 ml 1 50,000 50,000 T0TAL FOR 2 COLLECTING CHAMBER 3,391,830 the painting anti - rust, recessed in the detailed study. wall is not of 25cm 561,27 Depending to the S/TOTAL TOTAL FOR 2 SECTIONNING CHAMBER 1,087,936 8 detailed study. Construction of a head of dismissal of Depending to the TOTAL FOR 3 AIR EVACUATION CHAMBER 1,736,904 the reservoir of 25m3 detailed study. Excavation, embankment and As decided due to the TOTAL FOR 4 REJECTION HEAD 780,848 1 evacuation or display of the excess soils m3 2.824 1,800 5,083 number of population. including all vassalages As decided due to the Concrete of cleanliness, thickness GENERAL TOTA OF 1 reservoir of 50m3 10,984,600 2 m3 0.055 250,000 13,750 number of population. 5cm(dosage:300kg/m3) As decided due to the Reinforced concrete for the sill of GENERAL TOTAL OF 1 reservoir of 150m3 29,638,800 3 m3 0.115 350,000 40,250 number of population. foundation(dosage:400kg/m3) As decided due to the GENERAL TOTAL OF 1reservoir of 25m3 6,052,696 Elevation of the walls in quarry stones number of population. 4 jointed to the m2 0.07 60,000 4,200 To be increased due to outside(dosage:350kg/m3) GENERAL TOTAL FOR WATER 86,759,814 the length of pipe line Coating of the partitions with 3 layers SUPPLY(TTC) 5 m2 2.665 8,000 21,320 to be done. of sealers (dosage:350kg/m3) Cesspool of 1m3 full of gravels and 6 pce 1 55,000 55,000 small stones 139,60 S/TOTAL 3 6,052,6 TOTAL 96

Final Report 146 Uram Int’l, Natubri Ltd & Ruka Enterprise Ltd IMPLEMENTATION STUDY OF THE LOCAL URBAN DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF RULINDO DISTRICT [SHYORONGI & KININI URBAN AREAS)

Map 12:Proposed water network, Shyorongi & Kinini site

Source: Author, Field surveys, RNRA Source: Author, Field surveys, RNRA

Final Report 147 Uram Int’l, Natubri Ltd & Ruka Enterprise Ltd IMPLEMENTATION STUDY OF THE LOCAL URBAN DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF RULINDO DISTRICT [SHYORONGI & KININI URBAN AREAS)

Map 13:Proposed sewerage network, Shyorongi site

Source: Author, Field surveys, RNRA Source: Author, Field surveys, RNRA

Final Report 148 Uram Int’l, Natubri Ltd & Ruka Enterprise Ltd IMPLEMENTATION STUDY OF THE LOCAL URBAN DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF RULINDO DISTRICT [SHYORONGI & KININI URBAN AREAS)

8.13 LANDFILL SITE FOR SOLID WASTE COLLECTION Figure 29: Landfill design guidance and House for management

A landfill site (also known as tip, dump, rubbish dump or dumping ground and historically is proposed in Rusiga site as a site for the disposal of waste materials by burial and is the larger enough to accommodate solid wastes from all three sites.

Historically, landfills have been the most common methods of organized waste disposal and remain so in many places around the world. Some landfills are also used for waste management purposes, such as the temporary storage, consolidation and transfer, or processing of waste material (collection, sorting, treatment, or recycling).

A landfill also may refer to ground that has been filled in with rocks instead of waste materials, so that it can be used for a specific purpose, such as for building houses. Unless they are stabilized, these areas may experience severe shaking or liquefaction of the ground in a large earthquake. Solid waste from latrines of all sites will also be transported and disposed into landfill located in Rusiga.

Source: Author, Field surveys, RNRA

Final Report 149 Uram Int’l, Natubri Ltd & Ruka Enterprise Ltd IMPLEMENTATION STUDY OF THE LOCAL URBAN DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF RULINDO DISTRICT [SHYORONGI & KININI URBAN AREAS)

 Short term impacts Air  Management air rational of the exploitation zones  Degassing of gases Short term impacts include problems such as noise, flies, odor, air pollution, unsightliness and Water and Soil  Water and - Ditch basement of derivation of the external windblown litter. Such nuisances are generally associated with a waste disposal operation and waters  Basin of storage of the lixiviats equipped with a tightness should cease with the closure of the landfill. system   Long term impacts Treatment of the lixiviats  Collection system and control before dismissal of the Long term impacts include problems such as pollution of water regime and landfill gas internal waters  Device of tightness natural of the site generation. Such problems are generally associated with incorrect landfill site selection, design,  Putting up in place of a plan of surveillance of the preparation or operation and may persist long after the landfill site has been closed. environment Biodiversity  Fauna, Flora and - Cleaning Landscape frequent of the Lixiviat Biogas Animal Waste Visual aspects surroundings of the site Contamination: - Odors - Interference - Crumbling - Security  Immediate accidental takeoff - Pickup of the  Revegetalisation of the site with the local species of tree - Of soil - Explosions - Flying -Landscapes discharge Risks of fire  Facilities of struggle against the fire garbage modify  Training of the staff - Of the - Fires - Destruction of tablecloth -Injuries on -Atmospheric fauna and flora 5. 8.3. 3. Proposed Waste Management Mechanisms objects cutting - Of the rivers pollutions Waste management is the collection, transport, processing or disposal, managing and - Jamming - Of the lakes / monitoring of waste materials. The term usually relates to materials produced by human ponds activity, and the process is generally undertaken to reduce their effect on health, the • Poisonings • Poisoning -Vector of -Infections - on the environment or aesthetics. by the water illnesses tourism • Asphyxie of Waste management is a distinct practice from resource recovery which focuses on delaying the Effect of - Epidemics - Opposition of consumption greenhouse citizens rate of consumption of natural resources. All wastes materials, whether they are solid, liquid, Due - • Epidemics gaseous or radioactive fall within the remit of waste management. - Illnesses type Infections: to • Destruction cancers bites, to the Waste management practices can differ for developed and developing nations, for urban and of fauna and claws flora rural areas, and for residential and industrial producers. Management of non-hazardous waste residential and institutional waste in metropolitan areas is usually the responsibility of local

government authorities, while management for non-hazardous commercial and industrial waste is usually the responsibility of the generator subject to local, national or international controls. i. Mitigation measures for Rusiga landfill

Final Report 150 Uram Int’l, Natubri Ltd & Ruka Enterprise Ltd IMPLEMENTATION STUDY OF THE LOCAL URBAN DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF RULINDO DISTRICT [SHYORONGI & KININI URBAN AREAS)

The generation of solid waste is the stage at which materials disposal of residue of both solid waste management and become valueless to the owner and since they have no use solid residue from waste water management.  Solid Waste Management for them and require them no longer, they wish to get rid of This process reduces the volumes of solid waste to 20 to 30 The solid wastes are likely to be from the local municipality. them. Items which may be valueless to one individual may percent of the original volume. Incineration and other high The composition of municipal waste varies greatly from not necessarily be valueless to another. For example, waste temperature waste treatment systems are sometimes country to country and changes significantly with time. In items such as tins and cans may be highly sought after by described as "thermal treatment". Incinerators convert waste countries which have a developed recycling culture, the young children (Harvey, 2002). materials into heat, gas, steam and ash. waste stream consists mainly of intractable wastes such as  Solid Waste Methods of Disposal plastic film, and un-recyclable packaging. Incineration is carried out both on a small scale by 1. Landfill individuals and on a large scale by industry. It is used to Most definitions of solid waste do not include industrial Disposal of waste in a landfill involves burying the waste, dispose of solid, liquid and gaseous waste. It is recognized as wastes, agricultural wastes, medical waste, radioactive waste and this remains a common practice in most countries. a practical method of disposing of certain hazardous waste or sewage sludge. Waste collection is performed by the Landfills were often established in abandoned or unused materials (such as biological medical waste). Incineration is a municipality within a given area. The term residual waste quarries, mining voids or borrow pits. controversial method of waste disposal, due to issues such as relates to waste left from household sources containing A properly designed and well-managed landfill can be a emission of gaseous pollutants. materials that have not been separated out or sent for hygienic and relatively inexpensive method of disposing of reprocessing. Waste can be classified in several ways but the Incineration is common in countries such as Japan where waste materials. Older, poorly designed or poorly managed following list represents a typical classification: land is scarcer, as these facilities generally do not require as landfills can create a number of adverse environmental much area as landfills. Waste-to-energy (WtE) or energy-  Biodegradable waste: food and kitchen waste, green impacts such as wind-blown litter, attraction of vermin, and waste, paper (can also be recycled). from-waste (EfW) are broad terms for facilities that burn generation of liquid leachate.  Recyclable material: paper, glass, bottles, cans, metals, waste in a furnace or boiler to generate heat, steam or certain plastics, fabrics, clothes, batteries etc. Another common product of landfills is gas (mostly electricity. Combustion in an incinerator is not always  Inert waste: construction and demolition waste, dirt, perfect and there have been concerns about pollutants in rocks, debris. composed of methane and carbon dioxide), which is  Electrical and electronic waste, electrical appliances, produced as organic waste breaks down anaerobically. This gaseous emissions from incinerator stacks. Particular TVs, computers, screens, etc. gas can create odor problems, kill surface vegetation, and is a concern has focused on some very persistent organics such  Composite wastes: waste clothing, Tetra Packs, waste greenhouse gas. as dioxins, furans, PAHs which may be created which may plastics such as toys.  Hazardous waste including most paints, chemicals, have serious environmental consequences. 2. Incineration light bulbs, fluorescent tubes, spray cans, fertilizer and containers Incineration is a disposal method in which solid organic  Toxic waste including pesticide, herbicides, wastes are subjected to combustion so as to convert them fungicides  Medical waste. into residue and gaseous products. This method is useful for

Final Report 151 Uram Int’l, Natubri Ltd & Ruka Enterprise Ltd IMPLEMENTATION STUDY OF THE LOCAL URBAN DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF RULINDO DISTRICT [SHYORONGI & KININI URBAN AREAS)

Figure 30: models or diagram of wastewater treatment plant

Model 1 3. Recycling

Recycling is a resource recovery practice that refers to the collection and reuse of waste materials such as empty beverage containers. The materials from which the items are made can be reprocessed into new products. Material for recycling may be collected separately from general waste using dedicated bins and collection vehicles are sorted directly from mixed waste streams and are known as kerb-side recycling, it requires the owner of the waste to separate it into various different bins (typically wheelie bins) prior to its collection.

The type of material accepted for recycling varies by city and country. Each city and country has different recycling programs in place that can handle the various types of recyclable materials. However, certain variation in acceptance is reflected in the resale value of the material once it is reprocessed.  Wastewater treatment plant proposal diagrams for priority areas.

For waste water treatment in Rulindo priority sites, we proposed to manage them using one of the diagrams bellow where the treatment process happens in the different ponds. Waste water treatment proposal in this area, is focusing to the energy generation such as Methane gas, solid Model 2 waste that can be used in agricultural plantations for the environ areas to the treatment plant. The liquid wastes faced the disinfectants chemical substances will be conducted in absorbent areas as soak ways constructed around the treatment plant. The first treatment plant proposal is suitable for the selected priority areas of Rulindo site since it presents the complexity of the town.

Final Report 152 Uram Int’l, Natubri Ltd & Ruka Enterprise Ltd IMPLEMENTATION STUDY OF THE LOCAL URBAN DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF RULINDO DISTRICT [SHYORONGI & KININI URBAN AREAS)

Model 3

Model 4

Source: Sanitation engineering, 2008; adapted by Author

Final Report 153 Uram Int’l, Natubri Ltd & Ruka Enterprise Ltd IMPLEMENTATION STUDY OF THE LOCAL URBAN DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF RULINDO DISTRICT [SHYORONGI & KININI URBAN AREAS)

the urban development tools which has so far managed to 2. Sensitization meetings for awareness of the Detailed make a step in avoiding the proliferation of informal Plan which is under elaboration for the purpose of CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS settlements, therefore, its implementation will give priority participatory planning approaches. This should be to ensuring that all urban residents have access to basic maintained on regular basis in a bid to increase awareness, This comprehensive report on Detailed Physical Plans to infrastructures, services and affordable housing. reduce resistance to change or resettlement especially during implement elaborated Urban Development Plans for Kinini “Umuganda”. and Shyorongi Urban Centers contains results from The Environmental Management Plan (EMP) provides a way inception works, fields surveys, consultation meetings, forward for implementation of the identified mitigation 3. The use of local construction materials, local skilled analysis of existing situation within and around Shyorongi measures. The EMP should be implemented as a prerequisite and unskilled labour, women, youth and marginalized and Kinini urban centers as well as Detailed Plans for a positive Record of Decision (RoD) by the appropriate people is also highly recommended, formulated in that regard. authorities. 4. To avoid damage of already existing infrastructure, it The survey and diagnostic exercises have identified a The results from existing conditions analysis as well as the is essential to map out infrastructure such as; water points, number of issues pertaining to the elaboration and SWOT analysis constitutes the strong basis of formulation of pipelines, power lines and homes is required to guide on the implementation for the Detailed Physical Development Plan the Detailed Plan for the study area as developed and most optimal site installation and site access. of Shyorongi and Kinini Urban Centers of Rulindo District. detailed within this comprehensive Report responding to 5. Although the proposed sites are not on the list of initial Terms of Reference (ToRs). The issues and possible impacts have been assessed and protected marshlands/ wetlands in Rwanda, a buffer zone of described in detail to gain an adequate understanding of Given the nature and location of the development, the 20 metres from existing marshlands and 10 metres from both possible environmental effects of the proposed project, from conclusion is that the potential impacts associated with the sides of the rivers shall be enforced for any construction planning to implementation in order to formulate mitigation proposed development are of a nature and extent that can be activities. measures in response to negative aspects which have reduced, limited or/and eliminated by the application of the 6. The developers will ensure use of landscaping emerged. proposed appropriate mitigation measures. It is very important for authorities, from central to local experts, and grass, trees and plants will be planted to levels, to deal proactively with the rapid pace of It is recommended that, based on the findings of the scoping, unpaved areas of the proposed sites during implementation urbanization in order to maintain the high rate of economic Environmental and Social Impacts Assessment exercise and of the Detailed Plan for the Study Areas, growth (urban areas are the primary engines of growth) and supplementary information that: 7. The areas to be proposed where displaced people to help alleviate poverty as increasing numbers of the rural 1. Strict monitoring of the mitigation measures to be shall be relocated shall have all infrastructures and facilities poor migrate to the cities. proposed in the report need to be enforced by cells, sectors required to all the people to easily and rapidly be integrated

Although there are pockets of poverty spread throughout and district authorities. in the new living environment, Shyorongi and Kinini urban areas; with the development of

Final Report 154 Uram Int’l, Natubri Ltd & Ruka Enterprise Ltd IMPLEMENTATION STUDY OF THE LOCAL URBAN DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF RULINDO DISTRICT [SHYORONGI & KININI URBAN AREAS)

8. The compensation exercise should end prior to 14. The projects will establish on-site domestic proposed environmental management plan and commencement of construction works for selected sites and wastewater treatment system during construction and septic environmental monitoring plan if implemented will prices should comply with the land national laws and tanks are recommended for households while for safeguard the integrity of the environment. policies commercial buildings, markets and big offices modern waste It is strongly recommended that the implementation phase water treatment systems shall be constructed. The effluent 9. The Developers will only hire trucks that have of this project should be done in full involvement of all from the system shall be channels to stabilization ponds. certification of good working conditions from “contrôle stakeholders to allow the effective participatory approach technique automobile” to reduce on emissions and noisy At household level sensitization by local leaders shall be which is fitting within the real financial and material vehicles in poor condition during the period of recommended and shall implement good practices for solid situation of people living in Shyorongi and Kinini urban implementation of the Detailed Plan. waste management which are: waste segregation at source, centers. recycling, re-use. Organic waste shall be composted and use 10. The contractors and Developers shall ensure that This comprehensive report is mainly developing Detailed as organic fertilizers while other wastes shall be collected construction will be as per engineering design (building code Physical plans to support the easier implementation of the and disposed at gazetted places by RURA. followed) and procedure of which a minimum requirement Detailed Plan after updating the findings of the previous of compaction strength is achieved during construction; For commercial buildings, offices, schools and markets, shall phases according to the feedback from the review phase. have proper garbage disposal by proposing to engage a 11. After construction the sites should be backfilled and In consultation with stakeholders, the consultant team was RURA registered solid waste delivery company to provide resurfaced. Light compaction will be necessary to stabilize able to develop more detailed designs with detailed physical garbage disposal services. the soil. Planting of grass on bare land to minimize erosion sub-area plans, layout plans and priority project proposals tendencies should be given priority. For industries and factories, cleaner production practices shall also be for the specific study areas. introduced to minimize wastes generation and ease their disposal. 12. Regular checks on electrical installations to prevent In addition to the content of detailed layout plans, this A storm water management plan to harvest rainwater off the roof and re- short circuits that could trigger fires, installation of fire comprehensive report is expected to entail (but not limited use it for irrigating gardens, cleaning verandahs. This will reduce a huge extinguishers for use in case of any fire out breaks is portion of water that would have caused serious erosion and floods .A to) to the following other closely related components: compulsory, fire management drills regularly shall be storm water management plan is also proposed to drain the sites. • Proposed Land Use and Transportation Plans with: practiced as a precaution and fire escape routes with sign Drainage channels around the boundary of the proposed sites and within • Introduction of exemplary residential typologies for leading to a common collection underground pits with huge stones to placards showing the direction of escape shall erected. various densities facilitate it to infiltrate the soil. • Urban Restructuring Site Scheme (if applicable) with 13. At the implementation stage, the sites should be Based on the study, the Consultant is of the opinion that context layer by layer, using a 1:2000 scale; hoarded with iron sheets along the perimeter of the sites to most of the potential environmental impacts identified can • Urban Resettlement Site Scheme Plans (if any) with prevent trespassers, all day security guards shall be hired be mitigated during the implementation of the Local Urban context layer by layer, using Preliminary and security lighting at night shall be installed as a measure Development Plan for Kinini and Shyorongi Study Area. The of curbing thefts.

Final Report 155 Uram Int’l, Natubri Ltd & Ruka Enterprise Ltd IMPLEMENTATION STUDY OF THE LOCAL URBAN DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF RULINDO DISTRICT [SHYORONGI & KININI URBAN AREAS)

development of transportation modelling for decision • Major common utilities location plans (Power cabins, making water supply reservoirs (up to cell level), Waste • Plan of distributed Transit Oriented Development water/Solid waste collection/treatment (TODs) and multi-modal transit centers ToDs point/plant/systems (at cell level) concepts; Freight transhipment locations plan; Future • Zoning plan: One layer which includes all land uses multi model Auxiliary transit facilities if needed, (integrated overall layout of the various sites in plan Pedestrians system standards and and illustration) for the study area Overpass/underpass locations; Logistical Hubs • Detailed Urban Design : Detailed Town Centre/ • Roads and public transit facilities, Conceptual Road Neighborhood Urban Design Plans for at least 2 focus Hierarchies, Standardized Right of Ways (ROWs) and sites at 100 Ha in each District town with plans noted proto-types, circulation options, specialized above (1:2000 scale); Detailed geodetic Cadastral integration with Drainage and non-automobile plans; Phasing Plan of the development; transport; Corridors and Network Plan ; Non- Indicative/summary Cost Estimate Motorized Uses system; Accessibility standards for • Priority Projects for Specific Sub-Areas: Proposed sidewalks, pedestrian ways and public transit conceptual development programs /projects at facilities; Lighting and other streetscape cell/neighborhood scale focusing on stimulating standards/design guidelines (landscaping and urbanization linked to economic development signage) by zone or road hierarchy (with emphasis on • Development of Implementation and Phasing - a energy conservation and dark sky concepts) phased development with implementation strategies • Delineation of infrastructure corridors and typologies; and sound financing Transportation Capital Improvement Plan (strategic

plan in 5 year increment from base year to be refined as necessary) • Zoning framework diagram (Zoning Density Studies and Simulations and Zoning guidelines (in hardcopy and GIS/CAD for MIS)) • Infrastructure schematic plans and guidelines for Storm water Drainage, Water, Sanitation and Power systems

Final Report 156 Uram Int’l, Natubri Ltd & Ruka Enterprise Ltd IMPLEMENTATION STUDY OF THE LOCAL URBAN DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF RULINDO DISTRICT [SHYORONGI & KININI URBAN AREAS)

11. ICAO-ACI/LAC 24 - 27 April 2001. Seminar on Bird Hazards, Environmental Protection and Land Use at 23. World Bank OP/BP 4.01.Environmental assessment REFERENCES Airports for the NAM/CAR/SAM (Americas) Regions 24. World Bank OP/BP 4.12.Involuntary resettlement

1. East African Community, 2004.East African protocol on Miami, 25. World Bank OP/BP 4.04.Natural habitat environment and natural resources management. 12. ICAO – 2012. Report on Environmental Management 26. World Bank OP/BP 4.11.Physical cultural resources 2. EDPRS 2008-2012. Economic Development and System (EMS) Practices in the Aviation Sector Poverty Reduction Strategy. 13. Government of Rwanda, 2005.Organic law N° 08/2005 3. Government of Rwanda, 2008.Ministerial order No. of 14/07/2005.Determining the use and 003/2008.Relating to the requirements and procedure for 14. National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda (NISR), Environmental Impact Assessment, 2008. 2009.National Population Projection 2007-2022. 4. Government of Rwanda, 2008.Ministerial order No. 15. National Museum Institute, 2008. Provisional list of 004/2008.Establishing the list of works, activities and historical, cultural and archaeological sites of Rwanda. projects that have to undertake Environmental Impact 16. Rwanda Civil Aviation Authority, 2011.Manual of Assessment, 2008. aerodrome standards (MOAS). 5. Government of Rwanda, 2008.Ministerial order No. 17. Rwanda Civil Aviation Authority (RCAA), 2012. 007/2008.Establishing the list of Animal and plant species, Enforcement manual. 2008. 18. Rwanda Civil Aviation Authority (RCAA), 2008. The 6. Government of Rwanda, 2004.National Land policy. civil aviation (aerodromes) arrangement of regulations 7. Government of Rwanda, 2003.The General census of 19. Rwanda Civil Aviation Authority (RCAA), 2011. population and housing in Rwanda of 16th – 30th August Guidance on land use and environment management around 2002. aerodromes. 8. Government of Rwanda, 2004.Sector policy on water 20. UNCED, 1992. The Rio United Nations Conference on and sanitation. Environment and Development (UNCED). 9. Government of Rwanda, 2008.Organic law 04/2005 of 21. UNCTAD, 2010. Rwanda’s Development driven trade 08/04/2005.Organic law determining the modalities of policy framework protection, conservation and promotion of the environment 22. RIDHS, 2007-2008. Rwanda Interim Demography and in Rwanda. Health Survey 10. Government of Rwanda, 2013. Law establishing World Bank, 2006. Social Analysis in Transport Projects: regulations governing Civil Aviation Guidelines for Incorporating Social Dimensions into Bank- Supported Projects Social Development Department.

Final Report 157 Uram Int’l, Natubri Ltd & Ruka Enterprise Ltd IMPLEMENTATION STUDY OF THE LOCAL URBAN DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF RULINDO DISTRICT [SHYORONGI & KININI URBAN AREAS)

c. 8 - 11 □ c) Ingaranizo mu ngo ANNEXES d) Ikimboteri rusange d. Hejuru ya 11 □ 7. Ubukungu ANNEX 1: QUESTIONNAIRE 2. Amazi  Amafaranga umuturage yinjiza buri kwezi?  URUTONDE RW’IBIBAZO BIGENEWE ABATURAGE Amazi meza akoreshwa ava he? a) Munsi ya 30.000 Rwf KU MIBEREHO MYIZA N’UBUKUNGU INYIGO a. Robinet mu ngo b .Amavomero rusange b) Hagati ya 30.000 Rwf – 90.000 Rwf c) Hagatiya 90.000 Rwf - 120.000 Rwf Y’ISHIRWA MUBIKORWA RY’IGISHYUSHANYO c.Amasoko atunganije MBONERA CY’IMIJYI YA RULINDO d) Hejuru ya 120.000 Rwf d.Kureka amaziy`invura Umugezi I. UMWIRONDORO W’UBAZWA: 8. Ubuzima  Waba ufite ubwisungane mu kwivuza? 1. Imyaka: < 20 □ 21 - 30 □ 31- 40 □ > 41 3. Ingufu a. Yego □ b. Oya □  Ingufu zikoreshwa nizihe mu kumurika?

a. Amashanyarazi Imirasire y`izuba 2. Igitsina: Gabo □ Gore □ 9. Ibidukikije Biogaz Buji Ni biki mubona bibabangamiye ibidukikije? II .Ibibazo byabajijwe abaturage n`abayobozi b. Peteroli (itadowa) Ni izihe ngamba zafatwa kugirango bibungwabungwe b`inzegozitandukanye ku bijyanye n`inyigo yishyirwa  Ingufu zikoreshwa mu gutekesha ni izihe? neza. mubikorwa igishyushanyo mbonera cy’imujyi ya Akarere a. Amashanyarazi Gaz Biogaz ka Rulindo( Shyorongi and Kinini town) Amakara Inkwi 10. Kwimurwa kubera ivugururwa  Inzu yawe iramutse igonzwe n`umuhanda wifuza ko

1. Imiturire wakwimurirwa mu kibanza kingana gite ?  Amazu muri rusange murikaritiye yubakishijwe iki? 4. Imihanda a. 15m*20m b. 20m*25m a. Amatafari ahiye b. Bloc cima a) Aho mutuye buri nzu igera ku muhanda ? c. 20m*30m c. Rukarakara d. Ibiti Yego Oya  Site nshya igomba gutegurwa (loti et viabilise) mwifuza ko yabahe?  Amazu asakajwe iki? 5. Amashuri a. 400m-800m a. Amabati b. Amategura  Amashuri agaragara aharimo gukorerwa inyigo : b. 800m-1,000m  Imisingi yo munzu (foundation) c. 1,000m-1,500m a) Abanza a. Amabuye na sima (moellon cimente) b. b) Ayisumbuye Rukarakara n`itaka 11. Umuco, imyidagaduro a. Mufite ibibuga byogukiniraho ,inzu mberabyombi, c) Ayimyuga  Amazu afite agaciro k`amafarangaangahe? bihagije? a) Hagatiya 1.000.000 Rwf na5.000.000 Rwf d) Kaminuza b. Hari ubusitani (espaces verts) mufite?

b) Hagatiya 5.000.000 Rwf na 10.000.000 Rwf 6. Imyanda 12. Ibyifuzo bindi mwihariye ni bihe? c) Hagatiya 10.000.000 Rwf na 15.000.000 Rwf  Ni ubuhe buryo bukoreshwa mu gutunganya imyanda iva a. Ku bikorwaremezo d) Hejuruya 15.000.0000 Rwf b. Ku mishinga ibyara inyungu mu ngo ?  Inzu mutuyemo muyibamo muri bangahe ? c. Ku buzima…. a. 1 – 3 □ a) Gukoresha mu masambu MURAKOZE, MUGIRE IBIHE BYIZA b) Kujugunya aho biboneye b. 4 – 7 □

Final Report 158 Uram Int’l, Natubri Ltd & Ruka Enterprise Ltd IMPLEMENTATION STUDY OF THE LOCAL URBAN DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF RULINDO DISTRICT [SHYORONGI & KININI URBAN AREAS)

ANNEX 2: LIST OF MAPS

Final Report 159 Uram Int’l, Natubri Ltd & Ruka Enterprise Ltd IMPLEMENTATION STUDY OF THE LOCAL URBAN DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF RULINDO DISTRICT [SHYORONGI & KININI URBAN AREAS)

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