二零一三年十一月 November 2013 HK$280 LAWYER THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE 香港律師會會刊 h k - l a w y e r . org

COMMERCIAL 商 業 Clicking in Place – The Impact of the New Trade Descriptions Law 蓄勢待發 — 新商品說明法的影響

COMPETITION 競 爭 The New Competition Ordinance – Headache or Opportunity? 新《競爭條例》 — 是帶來了難題還是機會？

中國實務

N ON CHINA ovember How Hybrid Investments are Taxed in China

2013 中國對混合性投資如何實行徵稅 Justice Zervos: CRIMINAL 刑 事 “If you want to be Sound Interference Found to be Battery - respected, you have to Is the Judgment Sound? (Part 1) respect others.” 法庭裁定聲音干擾構成毆打 — 這判決是否合理？(第一部分) 薛法官： 「如果你要得到別人的尊重， 便必須先懂得尊重別人。」

UP FOR GRABS Three Shopping Vouchers Worth HK$400 Each - See Editor’s Note Cover Story 封面專題 (pg. 4) Face to Face With 專 訪 薛偉成法官 Judge of the Court of First Instance, 高等法院原訟法庭法官 1309003_T06_R2_13/09/2013_ 300dpi pdf 1.4 upload www.hk-lawyer.org Hong Kong Lawyer 香港律師 The official journal of The Law Society of Hong Kong (incorporated with limited liability) 香港律師會 (以有限法律責任形式成立) 會刊 HONG KONG LAWYER www.hk-lawyer.org THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE LAW SOCIETY OF HONG KONG 香港律師會會刊 Editorial Board 編輯委員會 Chairman 主席 Huen Wong 王桂壎 Inside your November issue

Jenkin SF Chan 陳少勳 十一月期刊內容 Charles CC Chau 周致聰 Heidi KP Chu 朱潔冰 Steven B Gallagher Julienne Jen 任文慧 Dave Lau 劉子勁 George YC Mok 莫玄熾 Anne Scully-Hill Michele Tsang 曾憲薇 Adamas KS Wong 黃嘉晟 Cecilia KW Wong 黃吳潔華 Tony Yen 嚴元浩

THE COUNCIL OF THE LAW SOCIETY OF HONG KONG 香港律師會理事會 President 會長 Ambrose SK Lam 林新強 16 COVER STORY

Vice-Presidents 副會長 Stephen WS Hung 熊運信 Thomas ST So 蘇紹聰 Council Members 理事會成員 Denis Brock 白樂德 Charles CC Chau 周致聰 Brian Gilchrist 喬柏仁 Junius KY Ho 何君堯 Angela WY Lee 李慧賢 Joseph CW Li 李超華 Michael J Lintern-Smith 史密夫 羅志力 Peter CL Lo 30 COMMERCIAL Billy WY Ma 馬華潤 Amirali B Nasir 黎雅明 Gavin P Nesbitt 倪廣恒 Kenneth SY Ng 伍成業 Melissa K Pang 彭韻僖 Sylvia WY Siu 蕭詠儀 36 COMPETITION Cecilia KW Wong 黃吳潔華 Cover: 封面： Huen Wong 王桂壎 At the Foreign Correspondents’ Club Hong Kong 在香港外國記者會 Dieter LT Yih 葉禮德 Secretary-General 秘書長 4 EDITOR’S NOTE [PDF] [HKL online] 編者的話 [PDF] [HKL online] 朱潔冰 Heidi KP Chu 6 PRESIDENT’S MESSAGE [PDF] [HKL online] 會長的話 [PDF] [HKL online] Law Society’s Contact: www.hklawsoc.org.hk 與律師會聯繫 Tel: +852 2846 0500 8 CONTRIBUTORS [PDF] [HKL online] 投 稿 者 [PDF] [HKL online] 10 FROM THE COUNCIL TABLE [PDF] [HKL online] 理事會議題 [PDF] [HKL online] Annual Subscription 全年訂閱: HK$3,360 12 LETTER TO HONG KONG LAWYER [PDF] [HKL online] 給《 香 港 律 師 會 》的 信 [PDF] [HKL online] Thomson Reuters 10/F, Cityplaza 3, Taikoo Shing, Hong Kong 14 FROM THE SECRETARIAT [PDF] [HKL online] 律師會秘書處資訊 [PDF] [HKL online] Tel: +852 3762 3200 封面專題 www.thomsonreuters.com 16 COVER STORY [PDF] [HKL online] [PDF] [HKL online] Face to Face With 專 訪 ISSN 1025-9554 Kevin Zervos, Judge of the Court of First Instance, High Court 薛偉成法官，高等法院原訟法庭法官 © Copyright is reserved throughout. No part of this publication can be reproduced in whole or 24 LAW SOCIETY NEWS [PDF] [HKL online] 律師會新聞 [PDF] [HKL online] part without the express permission of the editor. [PDF] [HKL online] 商 業 [PDF] [HKL online] Contributions are invited, but copies of work should 30 COMMERCIAL be kept, as Hong Kong Lawyer can accept no Clicking in Place – 蓄勢待發 — 新商品說明法的影響 responsibility for loss. The Impact of the New Trade Descriptions Law

36 COMPETITION[PDF] [HKL online] 競 爭 [PDF] [HKL online] The New Competition Ordinance – 新《 競 爭 條 例 》— Headache or Opportunity? 是帶來了難題還是機會？ November 2013 二零一三年十一月 HK$280

Managing Editor 執行主編 42 ON CHINA[PDF] [HKL online] 中國實務 [PDF] [HKL online] Vince Chong 張哲寧 How Hybrid Investments are Taxed in China 中國對混合性投資如何實行徵稅 [email protected] [PDF] [HKL online] 刑 事 [PDF] [HKL online] Chinese Editors 中文編輯 46 CRIMINAL Edmund Cham 湛樹基 Sound Interference Found to be Battery – 法庭裁定聲音干擾構成毆打 — Natalie Lee 李頴琳 Is the Judgment Sound? (Part 1) 這判決是否合理？（第一部分） Design and Production 設計及制作 52 INDUSTRY INSIGHTS [PDF] [HKL online] 業界透視 [PDF] [HKL online] Samson Pang 彭振生 [PDF] [HKL online] 案例撮要 [PDF] [HKL online] Sales and Marketing Director 銷售總監 62 CASES IN BRIEF Jane Lewis 劉真美 72 LEGISLATION UPDATES [PDF] [HKL online] 立法新知 [PDF] [HKL online] Commercial and Online Development Director 商業和網絡發展總監 73 PROFESSIONAL MOVES [PDF] [HKL online] 會員動向 [PDF] [HKL online] Robert Head [email protected] 76 AFTER WORK [PDF] [HKL online] 工餘閒情 [PDF] [HKL online] What to Do in Paris with a Baby 暢遊巴黎指南之嬰兒出行篇 Content Development Director 內容發展總監 82 CAMPUS VOICES [PDF] [HKL online] 法學院新聞 [PDF] [HKL online] Neerav Srivastava 史立楓 [email protected] 84 THE LAST WORD [PDF] [HKL online] 趣 聞 Translation team 翻譯組: Info Power

Staff contributors 內部貢獻: Carmen Chu 朱慧敏 Vivian Leung 梁靜妍 Rocky So 蘇衍成 Special thanks to Hong Kong Law Reports & Digest and Reuters News 特別感謝 香港法律彙報與摘錄 及 路透社新聞

For marketing/promotion opportunities please contact: Gordon Ng 吳子鵬 [email protected] Tel: +852 3762 3223 For subscriptions contact: Traffic Administrator統籌 42 ON CHINA Vivian Leung 梁靜妍 [email protected] Tel: +852 3762 3268 Publisher 出版人 Klaus Pfeifer 范梓樺 [email protected]

All information and views expressed by contributors and advertisements in Hong Kong 46 CRIMINAL Lawyer do not necessarily reflect the official opinion of The Law Society of Hong Kong. Whilst every effort is made to ensure editorial and commercial integrity, no responsibility is accepted by the Publisher or The Law Society of Hong Kong for the accuracy of material appearing in this journal. Members are encouraged to contribute but the Editorial Board of The Law Society of Hong Kong reserves the right to publish only material it deems appropriate. 76 AFTER WORK

• November 2013 EDITOR’S NOTE 編者的話

Every instance of change begs the question: is it for the better? 每次作出改變，大家總會問：這改變是好是壞？

In this issue, lawyers tell us that new guidance for hybrid investments 今期有律師跟大家講解內地就混合性投資發出的新指引 over the border will better support how that market works (pg.42). 將如何有助該市場的運作(詳見第44頁)。不過，新修訂 The same optimism cannot be said of say, the new trade descriptions 的商品說明法例卻相反，有專家認為條例原意雖好，但 law, which another expert believes might trip up unwary and honest businesses, in spite of its good intentions (pg.30). So it is too with 可能令粗心大意而誠實的企業意外遭殃(詳見第33頁)。 the impending new competition law – is this a headache or an 即將實施的競爭法亦要面對同樣的利弊問題(詳見第39 opportunity (pg.36), asks another of our esteemed contributors. 頁)，今期有一位資深的撰稿人為我們作深入剖析。 In case law, our authors argue that a recent ruling that says sound 至於案例方面，最近法庭裁定聲音干擾(在別人耳邊吹口 interference (whistling at a person’s ear, without bodily contact) 哨而沒有身體接觸)構成毆打，有作者認為有關裁決必須 constitutes battery must be reviewed by higher authority (pg.46). Otherwise, there may be “far-reaching and unintended” implications. 由上級法院覆核(詳見第49頁)，否則可能引起「深遠且 非預期」的影響。 And in our latest cover interview, our subject just happens to be someone in the midst of change: Justice Kevin Zervos recently moved 事有湊巧，今期專訪的主人翁正身處變化中：前律政司 from the Department of Justice, where he was Director of Public 刑事檢控專員薛偉成最近獲委任為高等法院原訟法庭法 Prosecutions, to the Court of First Instance, where he now sits as 官(詳見第21頁)。 judge (pg. 16).

Well, as some say, any change beats stagnancy. What is key 正如有人說，有改變總比沒有改變好。重要的是，我們 and healthy is that outlets such as Hong Kong Lawyer allow for 有像《香港律師》這樣的渠道允許資訊得以自由和負責 information to be exchanged freely and responsibly, so that we can 任地交流，讓大家能夠從中學習並為自己下決定。學海 all learn and make up our minds for ourselves. As Justice Zervos 無涯的道理，相信薛官也會認同。 would agree, we can never learn enough.

Talking about information, we also hope that readers will be able 談到資訊這個課題，本刊誠邀廣大讀者參與我們最新 to part with some in our latest online survey at https://www. 的網上調查，網址如下：https://www.surveymonkey. surveymonkey.com/s/65J95N5. This will as usual allow us to fine- com/s/65J95N5。是項調查將有助我們調整《香港律 tune Hong Kong Lawyer in terms of both editorial and advertising 師》在編輯及廣告方面的內容。讀者可以選擇以匿名 content. Readers can respond anonymously or otherwise, and the 方式回應，首五名參與調查並附上聯絡方法的讀者， first three readers to do so with their contact details will receive a HK$400 shopping voucher from a premium department store. The 可獲贈價值400港元的購物禮券，其後七名可獲贈 next seven will each get a White Book Notebook. As to be expected, White Book 筆記本乙本。一如大家所料，上述安排不適 this arrangement excludes relevant personnel such as Thomson 用於相關人員，如湯森路透的員工及其直系家屬。不勝 Reuters staff and their immediate families. Many thanks. 感激！

Vince Chong 張哲寧 Editor, Hong Kong Lawyer 《香港律師》編輯 Managing Editor, Sweet & Maxwell Sweet & Maxwell執行主編 Thomson Reuters 湯森路透 [email protected]

4 www.hk-lawyer.org

• November 2013 PRESIDENT’S MESSAGE 會長的話

To build a global network and enhance the profession’s European, North and South American ❝ jurisdictions than those from Asia. international image and capability, the Law Society has been There may be a variety of reasons for actively promoting the culture of reaching out. this phenomenon, including language and cultural diversities, that impact One way is to encourage participation the recent IBA Annual Conference on the membership development of a in international legal conferences. in Boston for example. With many particular organisation. These events create an environment other bar leaders also attending the In the course of attending events that is both rigorous and fun as well as Conference, I was fortunate enough to organised by international scholarly and social. Participants with be able to arrange meetings separately organisations, I have always wondered common interests in specific practice with the President of the Law Council why Hong Kong, being a renowned areas have the opportunity to gather of , the President of the Law international city, is not itself home to and share achievements and problems Society of New South Wales, the an international legal organisation. in a setting that is at the same time President of the Korean Bar Association, We have the appropriate infrastructure conducive to networking. the President of the Croatian Bar and an admirable track record of Staying connected is an important Association and the Past President hosting large-scale conferences for element that leads to success in a of the Luxembourg Bar Association. international organisations; a recent globalised market. As President of the We exchanged updates on recent example was the Commonwealth Law Law Society, I have the responsibility of developments in our own jurisdictions Conference in 2009 that coincided with ensuring that the Law Society maintains and explored collaborative initiatives for our centenary celebration. As a legal an extensive global network that is the benefit of our respective members. services hub of Asia, Hong Kong is well conducive to the future development of We all appreciate very much the efforts placed in housing the headquarters our profession. of the international organisations in of an international organisation that creating the various platforms that make attracts more active participation from I reckon that since taking up the practitioners in neighbouring Asian presidency in May, I have spent more such valuable exchanges possible and jurisdictions. time overseas on Law Society business convenient. It is just a thought, but I have high hopes than in Hong Kong. I am much indebted Nevertheless, every time I participate for it. If this is realised, I am confident to my partners in my firm and my family in these global exchanges, I always feel that it will heighten further the global for tolerating my constant absence, that something is missing – a wider reputation of our legal profession and and I thank them for shouldering representation from jurisdictions in reinforce the status of Hong Kong as the responsibilities for me while I am away. Greater China. leader of Asia’s legal service market. In the short span of six months as I have had the honour of being invited Yet, to ensure that any infrastructure President, I have led Law Society to join the Policy Committee of the to be set up for global exchanges can delegations to annual conferences held Bar Issues Commission of the IBA be sustainable for a long time to come, overseas by POLA (Presidents of Law since January. I find the work of the a thorough feasibility study must first Associations), American Bar Association, Committee very meaningful, interesting be conducted. I will keep members LAWASIA and International Bar and informative. However, out of 20 informed and as usual, your views are Association (“IBA”), and numerous visits members, only four are from Asia, always welcome. to authorities and legal associations in namely, Hong Kong, Korea, Japan the Mainland, Taiwan and Korea. and Singapore. This phenomenon ❞ During these events, I have had the is common in the other international valuable opportunity to meet and foster organisations as well, in that they all close working relationships with bar have a comparatively higher level of leaders of different jurisdictions. Take participation from practitioners in the Ambrose Lam, President

6 www.hk-lawyer.org November 2013 • PRESIDENT’S MESSAGE 會 長 的 話

❝ 為建立全球性網絡並提 高業界在國際間的形象和 影響力，律師會一直積極 推動邁向國際的文化。

方法之一是鼓勵會員參與國際法律會 議。這些會議的氣氛嚴謹之餘不失趣 味，而且學術與社交兼備。在如此環境 下，對特定執業範疇同感興趣的與會者 不但有機會一起分享心得和探討問題， At the POLA conference: President Ambrose Lam (third from left), Vice President Stephen Hung (second from right) and Council Member Melissa Pang (first from right), with representatives from the All China Lawyers Association. 同時亦可聯誼交流。 在亞洲律協會長協會的會議上：會長林新強律師(左三)、副會長熊運信律師(右二)及理事會成員彭韻僖律師(右一) 與中華全國律師協會的代表合照。 要在全球化的市場上取得成功，保持 聯繫乃重要因素之一。我作為律師會會 管轄區的最新發展，並以各自會員之利 碑，最近的例子是我們於2009年主辦 長，有責任確保律師會與世界各地的法 益為出發點探討合作機遇。 英聯邦法律會議，適逢其時亦是律師會 律團體保持緊密聯繫，這對香港業界的 的百周年誌慶。香港作為亞洲的法律服 未來發展大有裨益。 大家都非常感謝各國際組織所付出的努 務樞紐，是設駐國際組織總部的理想地 力，為我們設立不同的平台，不但令如 自五月上任會長以來，我相信在海外處 點，此舉有推動鄰近亞洲地區的業界人 此難得的交流成事，更可方便地進行。 理律師會事務所花的時間，比在香港的 士更積極參與。 還多。我衷心感謝我律師行的其他合夥 然而，每次參加這些國際交流，總感到 這只是一個念頭，但我對此寄予厚 人及我的家人容許我經常缺席，他們在 有所不足，就是大中華的司法管轄區代 望。如果此事成真，我有信心香港法 我外出時更替我肩負起相關職責，實在 表的比重應增加。 律界的國際聲譽將可進一步提高，更 不勝感激。 我有幸獲邀加入國際律師協會律師議題 可加強香港作為亞洲法律服務市場領 出任會長短短半載，我已率領律師會代 委員會轄下的政策委員會，任期由本年 導者的地位。 表團出席了由亞洲律協會長協會、美國 一月開始。該委員會的工作非常有意義 然而，為確保將設立作國際交流之用 律師協會、LAWASIA 及國際律師協會於 且內容有趣豐富。不過，委員會的20 的任何基礎設施可長遠持續，我們必須 海外舉辦的周年大會，並且多次出訪內 名成員中，僅四名來自亞洲，分別為香 先進行詳盡的可行性研究。如有任何進 地、台灣和韓國的政府機關和法律組織。 港、韓國、日本和新加坡。這種現象 展，將會通知各會員。一如以往，歡迎 於其他國際組織亦屬常見，原因在於歐 在這些活動上，我有機會認識到不同司 大家提供意見。 洲、北美洲和南美洲司法管轄區的業界 法管轄區的律師協會首長及促進雙方的 ❞ 參與程度比亞洲的相對較高。造成這種 合作關係，實屬難能可貴。最近在美國 現象的原因有很多，語言和文化多元是 波士頓舉行的國際律師協會周年大會正 其一，足以影響某一組織的會員發展。 是一例。許多其他律師協會的首長亦有 出席是次大會，我有幸趁機與澳洲律師 參加由國際組織所舉辦的活動過程中， 公會會長、澳洲新南威爾斯律師協會會 我一直苦思為何香港作為一個知名的國 長、大韓辯護士協會會長、克羅地亞律 際城市，並非任何國際法律組織的總部 師協會會長，以及盧森堡大律師公會前 所在。我們擁有合適的基礎設施，而且 會長分別會面。我們互相交流彼此司法 為國際組織主辦大型會議的往績有口皆 林新強會長

www.hk-lawyer.org 7 • November 2013 CONTRIBUTORS 投 稿 者

Eugene Low 劉耀慈 Mayer Brown JSM, Senior Associate 孖士打律師行律師 Eugene practices contentious and commercial intellectual 劉耀慈律師專門從事香港及內地知識產 property work in Hong Kong and in the PRC. He also advises on 權的爭訟和商業事務，同時亦為私隱、 privacy, trade descriptions, sports, gaming and entertainment 商品說明、體育、博彩和娛樂事務提供 matters. Eugene is a generic top level domain name (eg. 意見。劉律師是亞洲域名爭議解決中心 “.com”) panellist of the Asian Domain Name Dispute Resolution 通用頂級域名(例如「.com」)爭議小組的 Centre and is also an accredited mediator. He enjoys spending 成員，亦是認可的調解員。他閒時喜歡 time with his baby daughter and is a keen lawn-bowler. 陪伴他的小女兒，並且熱愛草地滾球。

Mark Williams 麥偉年 Asian Competition Forum, Executive Director 亞洲競爭論壇執行總監 Mark was admitted as a Solicitor in England and practiced 麥偉年教授在英國取得律師資格，從事 law for five years before switching to an academic career in 法律執業五年，後於1990年投身學術 1990. He joined the Hong Kong Polytechnic University in 1998 界。他在1998年加入香港理工大學， and in the same year was admitted as a Solicitor in Hong 同年在香港獲認許為律師。麥偉年教 Kong. Mark has published in various leading law journals 授曾為多份著名的法律期刊撰文，包括 including the Journal of Business Law, The Competition Review, 《Journal of Business Law》、《The and The Antitrust Bulletin, and has undertaken consultancy Competition Review》及《The Antitrust work in the competition field for governments as well as Bulletin》。此外，他亦曾受多國政府及著 leading law firms. He is also currently a Professor of Law and teaches Hong Kong company/commercial law, corporate 名的律師事務所委託從事競爭範疇的顧問 social responsibility and PRC economic law. 工作。他現為法學教授，任教香港公司/ 商業法、企業社會責任和中國經濟法。

Doris Ho 何慧珊 DLA Piper, Of Counsel 歐華律師事務所律師 Doris focuses on providing advice to multinational clients on 何慧珊律師專門為跨國企業客戶在跨境 their cross-border structuring, PRC investment and taxation 架構、中國投資及稅務方面提供意見， matters. Specifically, she has provided tax advice on corporate 尤其曾為企業收購及重組交易提供稅務 acquisitions and restructuring transactions. Doris has also 意見。何律師亦曾為不同行業的跨國企 advised on the structuring of PRC operations for multinational 業客戶在中國業務結構方面提供意見， clients in different industries and on structuring expatriate 以及就外籍僱員調遷至中國的計劃提供 employees’ relocation plans into China. Further, she has 意見。此外，她曾在香港和北京為某家 worked in the China tax department of one of the Big Four accounting firms in Hong Kong and Beijing. 四大會計師事務所的中國稅務部工作。

Sandra Lu 陸屹 DLA Piper, Associate 歐華律師事務所律師 Sandra is experienced in PRC general tax advice, corporate 陸屹律師在中國一般稅務意見、企業架 structuring, foreign direct investment, and cross-border equity transactions, etc. She is admitted to practice in 構、外商直接投資、跨境股權交易等方面 New York and Mainland China. Before joining DLA, Sandra 具有豐富經驗。她擁有紐約及中國內地的 worked in the tax department of a Big Four accounting 執業資格。她加入歐華律師事務所之前， firm. Her practice focuses on PRC business and tax law 曾在某家四大會計事務所的稅務部工作。 related to foreign investment. These include manufacturing, 她主要從事與外商投資有關的中國商業和 distribution, technology and other businesses in the services 稅務法，其中包括製造、分銷、技術和服 sector. 務業的其他業務。

8 www.hk-lawyer.org November 2013 • CONTRIBUTORS 投 稿 者

Eric TM Cheung 張達明 Faculty of Law, The 香港大學法律學院首席講師兼 Principal Lecturer and Director of Clinical Legal 臨床法律教育課程總監 Education 張達明律師是一名法律學者兼訴訟律 Eric is a legal scholar and litigator. He is keen in 師。他熱衷推動法律教育和公益服務。 promoting and pro bono services. He in 特別令他引以為榮的是在香港大學設計 particular takes pride in designing and establishing the 和建立臨床法律教育課程，在香港各法 Clinical Legal Education Course at The University of Hong 學院之中此課程乃前所未有的。除了讓 Kong, which is unprecedented among law schools in Hong 學生發展出必要的律師技能外，課程亦 Kong. Apart from equipping students with the essential lawyering skills, the course also serves unmet legal needs 希望為社會上得不到法律服務的人士提 in the community and nurtures students with a pro bono 供協助，並且培養學生的義務精神及對 ethos and long-term commitment to public service. 服務社會作長期承擔。

Jacqueline Law 羅凱文 Pupil Barrister 實習大律師 Jacqueline has recently received the Bar Scholarship 羅凱文剛得到2013年律師獎學金。她畢 2013. She graduated from the BCL (Bachelor of Civil Law) 業於英國牛津大學的民事法學士課程，其 programme at the University of Oxford, after obtaining 前於香港大學取得法學士及法學專業證 her LLB () and PCLL (Postgraduate 書。從辯論和模擬法庭中獲得的經驗，以 Certificate in Laws) from The University of Hong Kong 及與香港大學臨床法律教育團隊一起進行 (“HKU”). Her debating and mooting experience, as well as 研究工作，令她矢志投身大律師行列。她 the research work with the Clinical Legal Education team 閒時喜歡參加藝術和文化活動。 at HKU, played a part in shaping her aspiration to join the Bar. In her spare time, Jacqueline enjoys attending artistic and cultural activities.

Sackville Leung 梁奭暐 Faculty of Law, The University of Hong Kong 香港大學法律學院法律博士學生 Student 梁奭暐現為香港大學法學博士課程的二 Sackville is currently a Year Two student in the Juris 年級學生。他在2010年以一級榮譽畢業 Doctor (“JD”) programme of The University of Hong 於香港大學，取得社會科學學士，並在 Kong. He graduated from the University of Hong Kong 2012年開始修讀法學博士課程。他立志 as a Bachelor of Social Sciences with a First Class 成為一名訴訟律師，並以此作為終身職 honour in 2010 and joined the JD programme in 2012. He aspires to become a litigator as his life-long career 業，現在積極參與臨床法律教育計劃， and is now getting a taste of what lawyers do by 透過處理個案和從事研究一嚐當律師的 actively participating in the Clinical Legal Education 滋味。 programme by handling cases and doing research.

Penelope Shen 沈汶蒑 – Deacons, Associate 的近律師行律師 Penelope has a wide range of experience in the 沈汶蒑律師在離岸司法管轄區成立和重組 establishment and restructuring of open-ended and 開放式和封閉式私人基金、對沖基金和私 closed-ended private funds, hedge funds and private 募基金方面具有廣泛經驗，其中包括合格 equity funds in offshore jurisdictions, including Qualified 境外機構投資者（QFII）和人民幣合格境 Foreign Institutional Investor (QFII) and Renminbi Qualified Foreign Institutional Investor (RQFII) funds. She 外機構投資者（RQFII）基金。此外，她 is also experienced in regulatory matters. Penny likes to 對規管事宜亦經驗豐富。沈律師閒時喜歡 paddle during her free time but these days she only has 划艇，不過現在時間都花在她一歲的兒子 time for her one-year-old son. 身上。

www.hk-lawyer.org 9 • November 2013

FROM THE COUNCIL TABLE 理事會議題

Consultation Paper Treatment of Parody under 《在版權制度下處理戲仿作品》諮詢文件 the Copyright Regime 《2011年版權(修訂)條例草案》(下稱《條例草案》)是 The Copyright (Amendment) Bill 2011 (the “Bill”) was the only Bill 唯一一條隨立法會會期於2012年7月結束而失效的條例 to lapse by the end of the Legislative Council term in July 2012, 草案，原因是立法會出現有關其他條例草案的拉布活動 after time ran out following filibustering activities on other bills, and 而無暇處理，以及相關法案委員會在審議《條例草案》 controversies surrounding the issue of parody during a review of the Bill by its Bills Committee. 期間在戲仿作品的議題上出現爭議。

The Bill was very important and the LegCo’s failure to pass it has 《條例草案》非常重要，由於未能獲得通過，以致制訂 delayed the introduction of a technology-neutral communication right 科技中立的傳播權利，讓版權作品在數碼環境中得到更 to better protect copyright works in the digital environment. 妥善的保護一事被延遲。

The Government has acknowledged that the issue of parody needs to 鑑於網民對他們在《基本法》第27條下享有言論自由 be addressed given netizens’ concerns over their rights to have their 的權利的關注，政府已確認戲仿的議題需要予以處理。 freedom of speech protected by Article 27 of the Basic Law. Concerns 有人關注到，創作版權材料的戲仿作品或模仿作品，有 were expressed that people who created parodies or pastiches of 可能會被控以《版權條例》(第528章)第118條下的刑 copyrighted material faced the possibility of being charged with a 事罪行。 criminal offence under Section 118 of the Copyright Ordinance (Cap. 528). 為制訂有關戲仿作品的政策，政府的商務及經濟發展局

In order to formulate its policy on parody the Government’s Commerce 發表了《在版權制度下處理戲仿作品》諮詢文件。諮詢 and Economic Development Bureau published the Consultation Paper 文件概述相若司法管轄區的現行法例，並列出三個方案 Treatment of Parody under the Copyright Regime. This provided an 以供考慮： overview of legislation in place in comparable jurisdictions and set out (1) 澄清現時就刑事制裁所訂的一般條文； three Options for consideration: (2) 為戲仿作品訂定具體的刑事豁免；及 (1) clarifying the existing general provisions for criminal sanction; (3) 為戲仿作品訂定公平處理的版權豁免。 (2) introducing a specific criminal exemption for parody; and (3) introducing a fair dealing exception for parody. 律師會的知識產權委員會建議理事會認可方案三，理由 是這個方案為戲仿作品作者和版權擁有人之間的相爭訴 The Law Society’s Intellectual Property Committee recommended that 求提供了一個平衡的方式處理，並由法院因應個別情況 Council endorsed Option 3 as this provided a balanced approach to the competing claims of the parodists and the copyright owners, which will 作出決定。 be determined by the court on a case-by-case basis. 理事會已在2013年10月8日對有關意見書作出認可，而 Council endorsed the submissions on 8 October 2013, a copy of which 意見書已上載至律師會網站： has been posted on the Law Society’s website at http://www.hklawsoc.org.hk/pub_e/news/ http://www.hklawsoc.org.hk/pub_e/news/ submissions/20131008b.pdf submissions/20131008b.pdf

10 www.hk-lawyer.org November 2013 • FROM THE COUNCIL TABLE 理 事 會 議 題

Securities and Futures (Amendment) Bill 2013 《2013年證券及期貨(修訂)條例草案》

The Securities and Futures (Amendment) Bill 2013 (the “Bill”) is 《2013年證券及期貨(修訂)條例草案》(下稱「《條例 the result of a consultation in October 2011 and a supplemental 草案》」)是香港金融管理局及證券及期貨事務監察委 consultation in July 2012 jointly conducted by the Hong Kong Monetary 員會共同在2011年10月進行諮詢及2012年7月進行補 Authority and the Securities and Futures Commission. 充諮詢的結果。 In view of the threats that may be posed to our economy resulting from a lack of regulation for over-the-counter (“OTC”) derivative transactions, 鑑於對場外衍生工具交易缺乏規管，可能對我們的經 the Bill seeks to establish a regulatory regime in Hong Kong. This will 濟帶來威脅，因此《條例草案》旨在於香港設立一個 enable regulators to track the positions in the OTC derivative market 監管制度。此舉讓監管機構能夠在場外衍生工具市場 and also bring our regime in line with committed by G20 上追踪持倉狀況，同時我們的制度亦可與二十國集團 Leaders and those of other international financial centres. 領袖及其他國際金融中心承諾的標準看齊。 Briefly, the Bill will introduce mandatory reporting, clearing and trading 簡言之，《條例草案》將引入強制性匯報、結算及交 obligations. It also provides for the establishment and regulation of an infrastructure to facilitate such mandatory obligations and to oversee 易責任。此外，《條例草案》亦就設立和規管基礎設 key players in the OTC derivative market. With a view to enhancing the 施訂定條文，以促進此等強制性責任之履行及監察場 regulation of the financial market, the Bill also takes this opportunity 外衍生工具市場的主要參與者。為了加強對金融市場 to propose technical amendments to the Securities and Futures 的規管，《條例草案》亦藉此機會對《證券及期貨條 Ordinance and the Organized and Serious Crimes Ordinance. 例》及《有組織及嚴重罪行條例》作出技術性修訂。 The Law Society’s Investment Products and Financial Services 律師會的投資產品及金融服務委員會(下稱「委員會」) Committee conducted a preliminary review of the Bill and noted 已初步審閱過《條例草案》，並注意到有關附屬法例 that the subsidiary legislation must clearly specify the types of OTC derivative transactions which will be subject to such mandatory 必須清楚指明何類場外衍生工具交易須符合該等強制 obligations. The provision of guidelines on day-to-day practice should 性責任。當局應就日常運作提供指引並廣為傳閱，以 be circulated and a review of the operation of the OTC provisions should 及在法例實施後檢討相關場外交易規定的運作。 be conducted after implementation of the legislation. 律師會提交的意見書已上載至律師會網站： The Law Society’s submissions have been posted on its http://www.hklawsoc.org.hk/pub_e/news/ website at http://www.hklawsoc.org.hk/pub_e/news/ submissions/20131008a.pdf submissions/20131008a.pdf

www.hk-lawyer.org 11 • November 2013 Letter to Hong Kong Lawyer 給《 香 港 律 師 會 》的 信

English in the Chinese Courtroom 中文法庭上使用英文 By Elvis Lee, Assistant Professor School of Translation, 李劍雄助理教授 恒生管理學院翻譯系 Hang Seng Management College 早前出席雙語研討會，做了點法官在法庭上中英夾雜（即 To prepare for a conference presentation on bilingualism, I did some research in 口頭上中英詞彙並用）的研究，又重看四年前以法官語言 how judges code-mix – ie. the colloquial mixing of English and Chinese terms 為題的研究資料。當年跟城市大學法律學院學生討論過， - in court. This included past work whereby I had interviewed law students at the City University of Hong Kong four years ago for another research on judges’ 他們都說律師在庭上盤問時經常中英夾雜。這次研究結 discourse; they told me then that legal professionals code-mix a lot during 論相同，有些例子更充分凸顯問題所在，例如法官和律 cross-examinations. My latest findings reaffirmed their observation, and I was 師會說「有咩嘢case要meet」、「呢個係separate charge astonished to find how rampant this issue is in some cases. For instance, judges 嚟」、「個entry有冇relevancy」、「欺詐，in favour，即係 and lawyers have said “有咩嘢case要meet”, “呢個係separate charge嚟”, “個 幫到辯方」、「可以擺喺rebuttal」、「假設佢有conviction entry有冇relevancy”, “欺詐,in favour, 即係幫到辯方”, “可以擺喺rebuttal”, “假設 嘅，我都唔會ignore佢」、「我唔可以exclude你，until嗰個 佢有conviction嘅, 我都唔會ignore佢”, “我唔可以exclude你, until嗰個defence raise”, “我畀時間你重組下個thinking先, 唔想rush你落去”, and “defence係有 defence raise」、「我畀時間你重組下個thinking先，唔想 個legitimate嘅objection，就係嗰個prejudicial effect係outweigh嗰個probative rush你落去」以至「defence係有個legitimate嘅objection， value”. 就係嗰個prejudicial effect係outweigh嗰個probative Code-mixing can be self-initiated or interlocutor-induced. It shows to an value」。 extent how legal professionals as a group share the same language. One may 中英夾雜有時是講者的自主行為，有時是對話者引起的， notice there are two types of English expressions here: what I call “shared 均可印證法律專業人員自成體系，用同一套語言工作。值 expressions” and “unshared expressions”. The former refers to items like “case”, “separate charge”, “ignore”, and “objection”, while the latter refers to items like 得留意的，是這裏的英語詞彙'可以分成兩類：「共同語」 “rebuttal” and “probative value”. By “shared” I mean expressions commonly 及「非共同語」。前者指「case」、「separatecharge」、 used by ordinary Hong Kongers, and so can be easily understood; “unshared” 「ignore」及「objection」等詞彙；後者指「rebuttal」及 expressions comprise legal jargon that is relatively hard to understand. 「probativevalue」等詞彙。「共同語」是香港人常用的語 Of course English will not disappear in the Chinese court since many foreign 言，一聽便能明白；「非共同語」是法律行語，行外人不 cases are not supposed to be cited in Chinese, unless you want everyone in 易聽得懂。 court to play a guessing game. And while code-mixing is a habit rather than a conscious violation of professional rules, the question seems to be whether 當然，即使用中文審訊，仍不免要用英語，因為很多英 the Department of Justice or the Judiciary has provided adequate support to 語案例不可能用中文引述，否則徒添混亂。中英夾雜既是 boost Chinese usage in the Chinese courtroom. I looked up the English-Chinese 習慣，並非故意違反任何專業守則，因此關鍵是律政司 Glossary of Legal Terms compiled by the Department of Justice on its Bilingual 或司法機構有否提供足夠支援，促進在中文審訊時使用中 Laws Information System webpage, and found that “prejudicial” has several 文。查律政司雙語法例資料系統所載《英漢法律詞彙》， equivalents like “有損”, “具損害性” and “對…不利”. But “probative” is not even 「prejudicial」有「有損」、「具損害性」及「對……不利」 a searchable item. I wrote to the Judiciary in 2008 and was told that training on 等翻譯，卻沒有收錄「probative」。我曾於2008年向司法 oral skills was not covered in the training courses for judicial officers. Has anything improved over the past five years? 機構查詢，得悉司法人員培訓課程並無涵蓋廣東話口語訓 練，未知今天情況如何？ Or, could lawyer training institutions allow for more Chinese training courses to be included in their curriculum so that students rely less on postgraduate 此外，大學能否在法律課程中增加中文學科，無須畢業 training? For instance, The University of Hong Kong offers courses like “Practical 生入行後才接受培訓？譬如說，香港大學法律學士課程 Chinese for law students”, “Legal translation”, and “Use of Chinese in law” in its 開設了「Practical Chinese for law students」、「Legal Bachelor of Laws syllabus. But only the first course is compulsory for students, translation」及「Useof Chinese in law」等科目，但重點 and it does not focus on the use of legal jargon. Even if it does, it is obviously impossible to teach students each legal concept bilingually. 不是教授法律行語。即使這些科目旨在教授中英文法律行 語，但法律行語這麼多，根本不可能逐一教授。 The use of Chinese in court is meant to make legal proceedings accessible to more of the local public. Yet “unshared” English expressions intertwined with 用中文審訊原意是讓本地人更容易參與法律程序，然而 local dialect could prove a stumbling block, particularly to defendants who 「非共同」英語夾雜本地話足以成為障礙，對親自出庭的 appear in person. If the authorities really want to see more comprehensible 被告尤其不利。當局倘希望市民聽得懂更多中文審訊，今 Chinese trials, it is time to do something. 天宜有所為了。

12 www.hk-lawyer.org Can you select a foreign governing law for a China contract?

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Navigate the complexities of doing business in China 中国 with a know-how service trusted by lawyers worldwide. global.practicallaw.com/about/china • November 2013

FROM THE SECRETARIAT 律師會秘書處資訊 Ms. Heidi Chu, Secretary-General 秘書長朱潔冰律師

oyce Wong, who had been in charge of the Practitioners Affairs J Department of the Secretariat since 1993, retired at the end of 1993年起一直掌管秘書處執業者事務部的黃淑玲 October. 自律師在10月底榮休。 “When I joined the Law Society in 1993, the Secretariat had 35 to 40 「我於1993年加入律師會，當時秘書處有35至40名職 members of staff. We were in the old Swire House, which is now Chater 員。我們原位於舊太古大廈，即現時的遮打大廈，後來在 House; we moved to our present location in 1998. 1998年遷至現址。 I knew every member of staff then, some of whom are still working for 其時我跟每一名職員都認識，當中有些人現在仍為律師會 the Law Society. When the announcement was made that Swire House would be redeveloped I recall one of the concerns expressed was the 效力。猶記得公佈太古大廈將重建時，有人對遷離『中環 move away from “core Central” - some two blocks away. Distance in 核心地段』（約兩街之隔）表示關注。香港確是個彈丸之 Hong Kong is relative!” 地！」 Looking back, Joyce recounts the Law Society’s development for the 回顧過去，黃律師憶述律師會20年來的發展： past 20 years: 「秘書處目前位於永安集團大廈，佔用全層。當我們搬遷 “The Secretariat is now housed on the whole floor of Wing On House. 時，現址有充足的空間擴展，但隨著時間過去，秘書處的 When we moved there was plenty of space for expansion, but over time 工作已大幅增加。我剛到港時，香港僅有不足1,000名執 the work of the Secretariat has increased significantly. When I arrived 業律師。如今，執業律師人數超過7,500名，為應付會員所 in Hong Kong, there were less than 1,000 solicitors in practice. Today, 需，秘書處僱有約100名職員，並創立了兩個新部門：外 there are over 7,500 and around 100 employees at the Secretariat to cope with members’ needs, including the creation of two new 事部及會員服務部。 Departments: External Affairs and Member Services. 1993年，我上任執業者事務部署理總監一職時有兩名助 When I started work as the Acting Director of Practitioners Affairs in 理，一名負責協助委員會的工作，另一名則負責管理專業 1993, I had two assistants - one to help with committee work and the 彌償計劃，再加上秘書，我們的部門共有五人。 other to administer the Professional Indemnity Scheme, and so with secretarial support, we were a Department of five. 律師會各專家委員會的成員全都是義務性質，為範圍廣泛 的諮詢提供意見。早期大部分專家委員會並沒有獲得任 Members of the Law Society’s specialist committees are all volunteers and provide input on a wide range of consultations. In the early days, 何秘書支援服務，他們都是自己擬備律師會的意見書。不 a majority of the specialist committees did not receive any secretarial 過，律師會不斷需要應政府部門、法律改革委員會及立法 support and it was the members who produced the Law Society’s 會要求，分別就諮詢、建議法例及條例草案提交意見書， submissions on their own. Over time that practice changed and 故此我們亦與時並進改變做法，現時所有專家委員會均可 now all specialist committees receive secretarial support as there 獲得秘書支援服務。 is a never-ending request for submissions on consultation papers 在90年代後期，執業者事務部亦肩負起有關政制的事務。 from Government Bureaux and the Law Reform Commission and on 香港的政制發展一直是執業者事務部最具挑戰性的工作之 proposed legislation and Bills in LegCo. 一，要實施《基本法》以及把《基本法》與我們本身的普 In the late 1990s, the Department was also given responsibility for 通法制度接軌，往往涉及大膽創新的發展，而我們正需要 constitutional affairs. The constitutional development of Hong Kong has been one of the most challenging matters for the Department 克服當中的難題。 as we have grappled with cutting edge developments arising from 理事會亦把實施律師會調解政策的重任委以我們。這個執 the implementation of the Basic Law and its interface with our own 業範疇相當重要，政府和司法機構對調解持正面態度，希 common law system. 望社會能廣泛採用調解，故此我們應鼓勵律師考慮參與調 The Council also entrusted implementation of the Law Society’s policies 解，不管身份是調解員抑或代表客戶使用調解服務的用家。 on mediation to us. This area of practice is important given the positive views expressed by the Government and the Judiciary who wish to see it 執業者事務部的職務現由一支12人的勤奮團隊負責，他們 more widely adopted within the community and so solicitors should be 將繼續致力為律師會提供優質的服務。

14 www.hk-lawyer.org November 2013 • FROM THE SECRETARIAT 律 師 會 秘 書 處 資 訊

encouraged to consider engaging in mediation either as a mediator or 多年來，執業者事務部處理過的法律改革諮詢數以百計。 as a user of such services for their clients. 部門的工作非常多元化，涵蓋的執業範疇非常廣泛。黃律 The Practitioners Affairs Department’s responsibilities are now 師的分享如下： handled by a hard working team of 12 members who will continue to provide excellent work for the Law Society. 「執業者事務部的工作不但有趣且往往甚具挑戰性，我很 高興在過去20年能夠為律師會效力。我作為總監，有幸 The Practitioners Affairs Department has dealt with hundreds of legal 認識到眾多來自業界、司法機構和政府的人，實在收穫甚 reform consultations over the years. Its work is very diverse, covering 豐。 a wide range of practice areas. Joyce has this to share: 過去20年間，我們參與了多個重要項目。司法機構進行 “The work in the Practitioners Affairs Department has always been 的民事司法制度改革影響眾多執業者，故背後涉及的工作 interesting and often challenging and I have enjoyed working for the Law Society for the past 20 years. As Director, I have been able to meet 量非常龐大。律師會幸得到許多頂級訴訟律師伸出援手， so many interesting people within the profession, the Judiciary and in 他們出任民事司法制度改革工作小組的成員，付出了大量 the Government. It has been very rewarding. 時間和心力。我認為，律師會對司法機構的諮詢所作之回 There have been several important projects during the past 20 years. 應，即2002年4月發表的《民事司法制度改革律師會報告 There was an incredible amount of work behind the scenes in relation 書》，有助引導改革朝著正確的方向邁進，並且有效提升 to the Judiciary’s Civil Justice Reforms as it affected so many 我們作為民事司法制度中重要持分者的地位。 practitioners. The Law Society was fortunate to receive assistance 另一項令人難忘的成就，是成功為事務律師爭取較 from many of our top litigators who gave so freely of their time 高級法院出庭發言權，這項目耗時超過20年方得以 and effort as members of the Working Party on CJR. I think our 完成立法，現在業界已經擁有首 response to the Judiciary’s Consultation, The Law Society’s Report on Civil Justice Reform published in April 2002, helped to steer 批獲認可的訟辯律師。」 the reforms in the right direction and helped raise our profile 霍永權律師將於11月1日接 as an important stakeholder within the civil justice system. 替黃律師出任執業者事務部總 The battle to secure Higher Rights of Audience for solicitors is another memorable achievement - it took 監。霍律師於1995年在香 more than 20 years to get the legislation in place and 港取得律師資格。他一直 now we’ve had the first tranche of accredited Solicitor 從事私人執業，主要範疇 Advocates.” 為訴訟事務，直至2012 Kenneth Fok succeeded Joyce as the Director of 年加入律師會出任執業者 Practitioners Affairs from 1 November. Kenneth was 事務部副總監。他將繼續 admitted as a solicitor of Hong Kong in 1995. He was in 帶領部門致力為業界提供更 private practice - mainly in the area of litigation - until he joined the Law Society as Assistant Director in the Law Society Vice President Stephen Hung presented a 佳的支援。 souvenir to Ms. Joyce Wong, the Law Society’s former Director Practitioners Affairs Department in 2012. Kenneth of Practitioners Affairs, for her dedicated services to the Law will continue to lead the Department to provide good Society. 律師會副會長熊運信律師向前律師會執業者事務部總監黃淑玲律師 support to the profession. 致送紀念品，答謝她為律師會服務多年。

Profile of the profession - updated statistics 業界最新統計資料 The Secretariat keeps a record of relevant statistics with regard to the 律師會會員不時要求秘書處提供與業界有關的統計 profile of the profession, and from time to time, we receive requests 資料。下列是一些最新的業界統計數字(截至2013 from members for updates on these statistics. For those interested in 年9月底）： obtaining such information, do keep an eye out for this section (as of end of September 2013): Members (with or without practising certificate) 8,829 會員（持有或不持有執業證書） 8,829 Members with practising certificate 7,717 持有執業證書的會員 7,717 Trainee Solicitors 724 實習律師 724 Registered foreign lawyers 1,275 註冊外地律師 1,275 Hong Kong law firms 816 香港律師行 816 Registered foreign law firms 68 註冊外地律師行 68 Civil Celebrants 1,855 婚姻監禮人 1,855 Reverse Mortgage Counsellors 356 安老按揭輔導法律顧問 356 Solicitor Advocates 14 訟辯律師 14

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16 www.hk-lawyer.org November 2013 • COVER STORY 封 面 專 題

Face to Face With...... Kevin Zervos Judge of the Court of First Instance, High Court

專 訪 薛偉成法官 高等法院原訟法庭法官

By Carmen Chu 作者 朱慧敏

“If you are not conversant in human rights, in my opinion, you cannot function effectively as a criminal lawyer in this modern age”, says newly-minted judge Kevin Zervos over morning coffee recently, following his retirement as Director of Public Prosecutions (“DPP”).

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ifty-nine years of age but easily as counsel with the then Attorney of their life which might well be out Fpassing for much younger, the General’s Chambers. Justice Zervos says of proportion to what they have done. former DPP turned High Court justice he never foresaw himself becoming a Prosecutors have the responsibility to is eager to share his beliefs and stories government or criminal lawyer, nor did decide whether or not it is in the public accumulated over 20 years when he was he ever imagine he would take silk and interest to secure a conviction against a in the Department of Justice. become DPP. person.”

For one he certainly walks the talk, “I had intermediate, but not long term This stance is in line with what was particularly regarding his belief for the goals. When things become achievable, set out in the Yearly Review of the need for constant learning - Justice you should set out to achieve them… Prosecutions Division in 2012 – that Zervos completed a two-year Master of You should take advantage of the securing a conviction against first- Laws (Human Rights) at The University opportunities that life presents to you,” time offenders is not always the most of Hong Kong just recently in 2009. he says. effective deterrence to re-offending. This capped off another longtime belief “Sometimes securing a in the life-changing impact conviction against a person of human rights on people’s can break their spirit, lives, and that all prosecutors especially with young people. should have a fundamental They sometimes just give understanding of this subject in up on life as a consequence. order to properly do their job. Rather than steering them “If you want to be respected, you out of crime, you may be have to respect others. It should steering them into it.” start in an organisation like the To Justice Zervos, a bindover justice department,” he tells may be sufficient for first- Hong Kong Lawyer. time offenders as they Quoting Article 1 of the still need to go to court Universal Declaration of Human and admit what they have Rights that all human beings done was wrong. Offenders are born free and equal in pursuant to a bindover have dignity and rights, he says the to undertake to be of good principle of equality before the behaviour for up to two law should “always be deeply years and an added sanction embedded in the heart of can be imposed of up to six prosecutors”. months’ imprisonment for breaching the Compassionate and tough undertaking. Which means a bindover is Starting out as an environmental lawyer prosecutions certainly “not a let-off”. in Australia, Justice Zervos went on to Justice Zervos believes in compassion join the country’s Special Prosecutor’s On the other hand, Justice Zervos for first-time offenders of minor Office responsible for the investigation believes in coming down hard on serious offences. and prosecution of large-scale revenue crime, especially white collar crime. frauds. Then, in 1985, he took up the “Sometimes we have young people Money laundering is a major case in Senior Assistant Director role at the doing something silly … other times point. and Sydney Offices of the we have mature age people who are He cites a case during his time as DPP, Commonwealth Director of Public going through a mid-life crisis and do which involved an illegal gambling Prosecutions and thereafter, the position something completely out of character. syndicate operating outside of Hong of General Counsel to the Independent We are all human and likely to have Kong’s jurisdiction, though proceeds Commission Against Corruption in New done something we have regretted later were deposited in the city. Authorities South Wales. at some time or another,” he mulls. ended up confiscating some HK$1.5 “One thing led to another” and in 1992, “A conviction can become a scar on billion. he was recruited to work in Hong Kong the reputation of a person for the rest

18 www.hk-lawyer.org November 2013 • COVER STORY 封 面 專 題

With a surge in the number of world leaders in dealing with such In the same year, prosecutors from transnational crimes, the challenged matters, the former DPP says. More and Singapore were also on faced by the Prosecution Division is importantly, they cannot rest on attachment to the Prosecutions Division. unprecedented, leading to high demand their laurels as criminals are getting In addition, a variety of conferences were – and necessity - to work closely with more and more sophisticated, Justice also held by the division, such as the first other jurisdictions. Zervos adds; it is imperative that Criminal Law Conference on Criminal Hong Kong’s prosecutors continue to Justice Reform, which attracted over two In April 2012, based on information exhibit exceptional high standards hundred attendees from both local and received from Interpol, a restraint order and maintain strict adherence to legal overseas jurisdictions. was obtained freezing HK$286 million principles. worth of assets controlled by three fugitives from Egypt, Spain and Turkey Change where the money represented proceeds of cross-border money laundering. In spite of his short three-year stint as Coordinating with the US Department of DPP, Justice Zervos brought numerous Justice, a global restraint order was also changes to the division. For example, obtained in Hong Kong and enforced in the Prosecution Code was rewritten the US with a total value of frozen assets so that it is a “modern statement of a worth HK$470 million last year. prosecution agency” with “clear and concrete terms”, while Prosecution Week “Criminals bring money into secured was introduced to promote the criminal financial centres like Hong Kong. It is a justice system and increase community billion dollar- industry that we have to awareness. tackle or else our reputation and way of life suffers,” Justice Zervos says. A range of training programmes and initiatives were also introduced for both What is worse, he continues, is that prosecutors and the private profession. people often do not perceive proceeds For instance, first started in 2011, the from money laundering to be related Prosecutions Division together with the to serious crimes, such as corruption, Bar Association and the Law Society prostitution, organised crime or even organised a joint training programme human trafficking. This is important for newly-qualified lawyers to conduct because money laundering is not simply prosecutorial work. An Understudy this notion of a victimless crime - which Programme was also introduced in 2012 often does not resonate with people – it where junior counsel can learn from and is the product of serious crime and the work with more senior counsel who have cause of serious hardship to people. been briefed to prosecute.

Since the Anti-Money Laundering and “There are always things to do and there Counter-Terrorist Financing (Financial is always room for improvement. We Institutions) Ordinance came into force could have sat back for three years and last year, the number of suspicious did nothing but we did not. One should transactions reports received has surged never be satisfied with things as they 29% in the first six months of 2013 alone are,” he says. compared to the same period in 2012. Also unveiled in the Yearly Review, about Justice Zervos was also keen to develop HK$1.39 billion in crime proceeds was relations and establish regime locally also frozen under court orders in 2012 - and internationally. In 2012, the the largest in three years. Prosecutions Division briefed visitors from various jurisdictions including Having combated white collar crime Mongolia and Kenya on the work and for decades, Hong Kong’s Prosecutions the development of the criminal justice Division is known to be one of the system of Hong Kong.

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“Different events and conferences which sometimes more than however, things will have to be different, provide prosecutors from other compensates for a lack of experience. if only to convey the topmost judicial jurisdictions an opportunity to learn He praises his former colleagues for element of impartiality. from us. They will be more professional their commitment and desire to “get “Before I was engaging and outspoken, when they prosecute. At the same things right”. because it was expected of me, or what time, we can learn from them and find “We have very good young officers… I expected of myself as a DPP. But now out how they operate,” Justice Zervos Many times, I see young counsel outdo as a judge, it is a different role and explains. an experienced one, because they have function. You have to be judicious,” “Everyone will benefit because better the drive and the enthusiasm which the Justice Zervos says, with almost a tinge understanding and relations with each experienced counsel may have lost a of regret. other helps us deal with the concept long time ago,” he observes. The style may change and what he does of criminal justice and crime, which is While commitment “counts a lot”, may be different but there are elements becoming more global.” Justice Zervos also points out that that are indispensable as a DPP or a Prosecutions Division constant improvement is also crucial as judge, which are to always dispense a prosecutor. justice while adhering to legal principles As one of the members in the and practice. interviewing panel, Justice Zervos took “You cannot be complacent. You should part in choosing Mr. Kar be always seeking to improve and excel. “I am first and foremost a disciple of the Hung SC as the new DPP, the first local If something does not work, you have law,” he says. to change it and find some other way to Hong Kong Chinese to take on the “I always looked to the law and its make it work. You have to be responsive job. Speaking of the successor, Justice principles when I made decisions …Good work is the golden rule. If you Zervos describes Mr. Yeung as one who as a DPP… As a judge, you are to work hard, you will get rewarded.” is “hardworking, dedicated and with the dispense justice between the parties upmost integrity”. Change of role in a particular case and you do that And contrary to public opinion, Justice according to the same law and While many others in his previous Zervos denies that there is a shortage principles.” position as DPP would rather keep a of talent in the Prosecutions Division. In low profile, Justice Zervos knows full Although Justice Zervos will be kept fact, he says, with the attractive package well the benefits that mass media can out of criminal trials or appeals or any on offer – including perks such as an bring to the community in terms of civil cases involving the government for exchange program and the opportunity conveying awareness and information. the first six months in his new role, he to attend the Middle Temple Advocacy Indeed, in his time as DPP, some local shows no preference in dealing with a Course in London - “young talented Chinese papers often described him as particular type of case and is pleased to lawyers are keen to get in”. To recruit “Outspoken Zervos”. accept what is given. the right people from the large pool “I am a lawyer and lawyers deal with the of applicants, however, requires a “I would rather spend time with the law whatever the area may be…I am just thorough and dedicated recruitment media explaining what we are doing interested in the practice of the law,” program. instead of ignoring them, which was part of the approach in the past,” the he says. “We are looking for people who are judge tells Hong Kong Lawyer. What is also certain, is that this lawyer bright, committed, hard working and is not contemplating retirement just yet. publicly spirited. Being publicly spirited, “You need to build a constructive and A little while ago, he remarks, he just especially, is very important for a public meaningful relationship with the media appeared before Court of Final Appeal prosecutor. They should have the because they play a very important role judge Sir Anthony Mason, who remains commitment to do this work on behalf in the community. They speak for and “as sharp as a tack “at 88. of Hong Kong,” he says. with the community and you need to get your message across – so you have to “I think you are at your prime when you He explicitly expresses his appreciation engage them.” are in your 60s,” Justice Zervos says with to prosecutors, particularly the younger set, for having “youthful exuberance”, Now that he is with the judiciary a big smile. n

20 www.hk-lawyer.org November 2013 • COVER STORY 封 面 專 題

「依我看來，在現今這個 世代，如果你對人權 觀念還不太了解， 你便難以成為一位好 的刑事法律師。」 剛從刑事檢控專員一職退 下來的新任法官薛偉成， 在對他的專訪中， 一面喝著早晨的咖啡， 一面作出以上的評論。

已年屆五十九，但從外表看來， 他引用了《世界人權宣言》第一條， 成為刑事檢控專員。 雖薛偉成法官依然相當年青。從 意謂人類生而自由，而在尊嚴與權利 他說﹕「我自己只有中期目標，沒有長 刑事檢控專員搖身一變成為高等法院法 上皆​​一律平等。他表示，法律面前人 期目標。當事情發展到某個階段，看來 官，他希望與別人分享他的個人信念， 人平等的原則，「檢控官應當常常銘 有實現目標的機會時，我們便應當採取 以及積存在他腦海的，過往20多年在律 記於心」。 行動來將它實現……我們要好好把握生 政署的種種人和事。 薛偉成法官剛開始其事業生涯時，是在 活上碰到的每個時機。 」 為了做到言行一致，特別是要實踐他的 澳大利亞擔任環境法的律師。其後，他 終身學習信念 –薛偉成法官於2009年 在澳大利亞「特別檢察官辦公室」任 在檢控上具同情心但絕不畏縮 在香港大學完成了一個為期兩年的法律 職，負責調查和檢控涉及大規模稅務詐 薛偉成法官在他擔任檢控官的日子中， 碩士（人權）課程。這也體現了他的一 騙的案件。之後，在1985年，他在「 他認為對於觸犯輕微罪行的初犯者，應 個長久信念，就是﹕人權對於人們的生 聯邦刑事檢控專員的墨爾本與悉尼辦公 當給予他們寬大的處理。 活，會產生改變生活的影響﹔以及，檢 室」擔任高級助理專員﹔然後，他轉任 控官如要適當地履行他的職務，都應當 新南威爾士廉政公署的首席法律顧問。 他反覆地思量﹕「年輕人有時確會做出 對這一個課題有基本的了解。 一些愚蠢的事情……但另一方面，成年 很「順理成章」地，他在1992年獲聘 人有時也會因遇上中年危機，而做出一 他告訴《香港律師》﹕「如果你要得到 為當時的香港律政署檢察官。薛偉成法 些令人意想不到的事情。我們都是人， 別人的尊重，便必須先懂得尊重別人﹔ 官說他從來沒有預計自己有一天會成為 而如此的行為操守，應當先從律政部門 一名政府律師或刑事法律師，也沒有想 很容易會做出一些令自己後悔不已的事 這樣的一個組織開始做起。」 到有一天他會成為御用大律師，及後更 情。」

www.hk-lawyer.org 21 • November 2013

「一個人假如被定罪，他一生的聲譽可能 一批由埃及、西班牙和土耳其的三名通 載有「明確而具體的條款」﹔而「檢控 便會從此受損，而他所遭受的傷害，其嚴 緝犯所控制的，價值合共2.86億港元的 週」的籌辦，也有助推廣香港的刑事司 重程度，也許會與他所干犯的事情不成正 資產，而該等資產是跨境清洗黑錢的犯 法制度，並增強社會的意識。 比。因此檢控官有責任確定，要將某一個 罪所得。律政司去年透過與美國司法部 此外，薛偉成法官也為檢控官與私人 人入罪是否符合社會的利益。 」 進行的協作，獲得了一項在香港頒發， 執業律師制訂了一系列的培訓計劃和措 並在美國強制執行的全球性限制令，凍 這一立場，與載於《2012年刑事檢控科 施。例如，刑事檢控科於2011年開始， 結了總值4.7億港元的資產。 工作回顧》的立場是一致的—將初犯者 首度與香港律師會及香港大律師公會合 定罪，並非必然是阻止他再次犯罪的最 薛偉成法官說﹕「犯罪分子將資金帶進 作，為剛考取執業資格的律師開展在檢 有效方法。 例如香港這些穩健的金融中心，其所涉 控工作方面的聯合培訓計劃。此外，該 及的是價值數以十億元計的產業。我們 科在2012年推出了一個「實習計劃」， 「有些時候，將一個人定罪，可能會令 必須作出堅定的處理，否則我們的聲譽 讓資歷較淺的大律師可以透過該計劃， 他們喪失鬥志，尤其是年青人。他們有 和生活方式將會蒙受損害。」 向獲委聘就案件提出檢控的資歷較深大 時會乾脆放棄自己，以致無法自拔。 律師學習，並與他們一起共事。 所以，原來的目的是為要使他們脫離罪 他繼續指出，更糟糕的是，人們通常並不 惡，但最後的結果，可能反倒使他們沉 察覺到，被清洗的款項，經常是與例如貪 他說﹕「要做的事情有很多，也總會有 淪下去。」 污、賣淫、有組織犯罪，甚至販賣人口等 可改進的餘地。在這三年裡，我們其實 嚴重罪行有關的。這一點非常重要，因為 可以袖手旁觀，對事情不插手﹔但我們 薛偉成法官認為，要求初犯者 「簽保守 在概念上，清洗黑錢事實上並非單純的， 沒有這樣做。事實上，任何人都不應該 行為」可能已經足夠，因為他們仍然需 不涉及任何受害者的罪行 —這通常沒有 安於現狀。」 要出庭，並需要承認自己的過錯。簽保 引起其他人的共鳴 —它是嚴重犯罪的產 守行為的犯事者，需要保證其在兩年內 薛偉成法官也很熱心發展香港與國際間 物，並給人們帶來重大的痛苦。 行為良好﹔倘若違反保證，他們將被處 的關係，以及建立本地與國際的體制。 以額外的刑罰，最高可被判監6個月。這 自從《打擊洗錢及恐怖分子資金籌集 刑事檢控科在2012年向來自不同司法管 意味著，簽保守行為肯定「不是給犯事 （金融機構）條例》於去年生效後，在 轄區(包括蒙古和肯尼亞)的到訪嘉賓介紹 者從輕法落，讓他獲得省釋」。 2013年首六個月接獲的可疑交易報告數 了香港刑事司法制度的工作與發展。 目，與 2012年同期相比，已飆升了百分 另一方面，薛偉成法官認為對於嚴重的 同年，汶萊及新加坡的檢控官也被調派 之二十九。《年度回顧》中也顯示，在 罪行，特別是白領罪行，便必須採取強 前來香港的刑事檢控科實習。此外，刑 2012年根據法院命令而被凍結的犯罪所 硬手段來施以打擊，而清洗黑錢正是這 事檢控科還舉辦了各項大型會議，例如 得約為13.9億港元—創三年來的新高。 方面的一個主要例子。 首屆有關刑事司法制度改革的「刑事法 這位前刑事檢控專員說，香港律政司刑 律研討會」，吸引了本地及海外司法管 他列舉了在他擔任刑事檢控專員期間的 事檢控科與白領犯罪已周旋了數十年， 轄區超過200名人士出席。 一個例子，當中涉及一個在香港司法管 現被公認為是處理此類案件的世界先驅 轄權範圍以外的非法賭博集團。該集團 薛偉成法官解釋稱﹕「不同的活動和會 之一。他補充說，更重要的是，他們不 將其非法活動所得的款項存入本港，而 議，為其他司法管轄區的檢控官提供了 可以墨守成規，因為罪犯所幹的勾當已 香港政府最後將其大約15億港元的金額 在我們身上學習的機會，讓他們在檢控 變得越來越複雜﹔而最重要的是，香港 沒收。 工作方面變得更為專業。與此同時，我 的檢控官必須繼續發揮其卓越才能，並 們也可以向他們借鏡，並了解他們的組 隨著跨國犯罪數量的激增，刑事檢控科 嚴格遵守法律原則。 織是如何運作。 」 所面對的挑戰是前所未有的。因此，刑 事檢控科極有需要—也是有此必要—與 改變 「相互之間倘有更好的了解和更緊密的 其他司法管轄區進行緊密合作。 薛偉成法官雖然擔任刑事檢控專員只有 關係，將有助我們應對「刑事司法制度 短短三年，但他卻為刑事檢控科帶來了 與犯罪」這一越來越變得全球化的概 2012年4月，律政司根據國際刑警組織 許多改變。例如﹕重寫《檢控守則》， 念，因此每一個參與的人都可以獲益良 所提供的信息而取得了限制令，凍結了 使它成為「檢控機關的現代聲明」，並 多。 」

22 www.hk-lawyer.org November 2013 • COVER STORY 封 面 專 題

刑事檢控科 變……良好的工作表現向來是 金科玉律。只要肯努力工作， 薛偉成法官作為刑事檢控專員面試小組 便必定會得到回報。 」 的其中一名成員，有份參與挑選楊家雄 先生擔任刑事檢控專員一職，而楊家雄 角色的轉變 先生也是香港首位本地華人擔任這一職 務。在談到其繼任者時，薛偉成法官形 在薛偉成法官以前的刑事檢控 容楊家雄先生為人「勤奮、敬業及有高 專員，雖然許多都是選擇保持 度誠信。」 個人低調，但薛偉成法官深 明，大眾傳播媒介在傳達意識 與一般輿論的說法不同，薛偉成法官 與信息方面，可以給社會帶來 並不認為刑事檢控科目前人才短缺。他 許多建樹。事實上，在他擔任 說，事實上，由於聘用條件極具吸引 刑事檢控專員期間，好些本地 力 — 包括有機會參加交換計劃，及修 中文報章經常形容他為「敢言 讀在英國倫敦舉行的倫敦中殿大律師學 的薛偉成專員。」 院訟辯課程(Middle Temple Advocacy Course) — 因此「年青又有才幹的律 薛偉成法官告訴《香港律師》 師，對刑事檢控科的工作都趨之若騖。 ﹕「我寧願花時間向這些媒體 」然而，要從大批申請者中挑選到最合 解釋我們所進行著的工作，而 適的人選，便需要訂立一個全面和專門 不願對它們不屑一顧﹔在過 的招募計劃。 去，有若干情況確是這樣。」 「在我作為刑事檢控專員及在作出相 他說﹕「我們所尋找的，是要有朝氣、 「你需要與媒體建立具有建設性的和 關決定時，我總是著眼於法律及其原 堅定、勤勞及對社會有承擔的人，而對 有意義的關係，因為媒體在香港的社會 則。……作為一名法官，我需要為案件 於檢控官來說，對社會有承擔尤其重 中，發揮非常重要的作用。它們為社會 的當事人伸張正義，並依循一貫的法律 要。他們應當有為香港人的福祉而盡力 發言並與社會對話，而你亦需要它們協 與原則標準來行事。 」 做好這份工的理想。」 助把訊息傳開—所以與媒體打交道是不 可避免的。」 薛偉成法官在他擔任法官一職的首六個 他明確表示，他欣賞有「朝氣活力」的 月，雖然不可參與刑事案件的審訊或上 檢控官，特別是年青的一群﹔而這一特 薛偉成法官現在於司法機構服務，所以 訴，以及不可參與任何涉及政府的民事 質，有時甚至可以彌補他們在經驗方面 情況將有所改變，因為他的職責是要彰 案件，但就他個人而言，他對於審理哪 的不足。他讚賞以往的同事那種在處事 顯這項至為重要的司法元素—公正。 一類型的案件，並沒有特別的偏好，並 上「擇善固執」的堅持和熱誠。 「以前我很主動說話和直言不諱，因為 會欣然接受任何交付給他處理的案件。 他說﹕「我們有非常出色的年青檢控 那是所預期我應當做的事情，又或是我 他說﹕「我是一名律師，而作為一名 官……很多時候，我甚至認為年青的律 預期一位刑事檢控專員應當做的事情。 律師，便需要處理不論任何範疇的法 師較富經驗的律師更勝一籌，因為前者 但現在我作為一名法官，其角色和職能 律……我只對維護法律感興趣​​。 」 充滿動力和熱情，而此等元素，在富經 已有所轉變。法官必須明智而審慎。」 薛偉成法官帶著一絲絲遺憾地說。 驗的律師身上可能早已失去。 」 然而，有一點可以肯定的是，這位律師 還沒有退休的打算。不久前他曾提到， 但薛偉成法官亦指出，承擔雖是「異常 風格可以改變，而他所做的事情也會有 他剛在終審法院法官梅師賢爵士的席前 重要」，但對於一名檢控官而言，不斷 所不同，但有一些元素，無論是擔任刑 出庭。梅師賢爵士雖然已屆88高齡，但 地追求進步，也是至關重要的。 事檢控專員，還是作為一位法官，都是 不可或缺的，那就是伸張正義、堅持法 依然「思維敏捷過人」。 「你不能有所自滿，更應當經常尋求個人 律原則與實踐。 薛偉成法官展現著燦爛的笑容並說﹕「 進步和表現出眾。對於前進的路向倘若有 我認為60歲才是我們人生中黃金時期的 所懷疑，你便必須調校它，並尋找其他可 他說﹕「我徹頭徹尾就是一個法律的門 開始。 」 行辦法來作出變通。你必須懂得隨機應 徒。 」 n

www.hk-lawyer.org 23 • November 2013

LAW SOCIETY NEWS 律師會新聞

Hong Kong Academy of Law 香港法律專業學會

Dr. James KT Wong, Vice-Chairman of the Law Society’s Greater China Legal Affairs Ms. Julia Charlton, Partner of Charltons, presented at the CPD course “Listing Committee, presented at the Continuing Professional Development (“CPD”) course Mainland Companies in Hong Kong” on 25 September. “Interpretation Issues of the Hong Kong Basic Law: the Hong Kong Courts vs the 易周律師行合夥人周怡菁律師在9月25日舉行的「內地公司在香港上市」專業進修課程 National People’s Congress” on 16 September. 上擔任演講嘉賓。 律師會大中華法律事務委員會副主席黃江天博士在9月16日舉行的「香港《基本法》的 詮釋問題：香港法院與全國人大」專業進修課程上擔任演講嘉賓。

The Academy organised the CPD seminar “Briefing on the New Companies Ordinance” on 27 September. The speakers were Ms. Ada LL Chung (second from left), Registrar of Companies, Ms. Phyllis McKenna (third from left) and Mrs. Karen KK Ho (third from right), both Deputy Principal Solicitors (Company Law Reform) of the Companies Registry. The subsequent question-and-answer session was conducted by the speakers, as well as Mr. Tim W T Chung (first from left) and Mrs. Christine Frances Sit (first from right), both Senior Solicitors (Company Law Reform) of the Companies Registry. Mr. Patrick Wong Chi Kwong (second from right), Chairman of the Law Society’s Company Law Committee, moderated the session. About 170 solicitors and trainee solicitors attended the seminar. 香港法律專業學會於9月27日舉辦「新《公司條例》簡介」專業進修課程，演講嘉賓有公司註冊處處長鍾麗玲女士（左二），以及同為公司註冊處公司法改革部副首席律師的麥錦羅女士 （左三）及何劉家錦女士（右三）。 其後的答問環節由各演講嘉賓夥同同為公司註冊處公司法改革部高級律師的鍾偉添先生（左一）及薛花嘉詩女士（右一）回答提問，並由律師會公司法委員會主席黃志光律師擔任主持。 是次研討班吸引約170名律師和實習律師參加。

24 www.hk-lawyer.org November 2013 • LAW SOCIETY NEWS 律 師 會 新 聞

Meeting with the Equal Opportunities Commission Representatives from the Law Society’s Constitutional Affairs and Human Rights Committee (“CAHRC”) and Pro Bono Committee (“PBC”) met with the legal counsel of the Equal Opportunities Commission (“EOC”) on 24 September.

與平等機會委員會會面 律師會憲制事務及人權委員會以及公益 服務委員會的代表於9月24日與平等機會 委員會（下稱「平機會」）的法律團隊 會面。 From left: Mr. Kevin She, Research Assistant of the Law Society; Mr. Mark Daly and Dr. James Fry, Members of the CAHRC; Mr. Alan Schiffman, Member of the PBC; Ms. Joyce Wong, then Director of the Law Society’s Practitioners Affairs Department; Mr. Herman Poon, Chief Legal Counsel of the EOC; Mr. Peter Reading, Legal Counsel of the EOC; Mr. Henry Li, Assistant Legal Counsel of the EOC; and Mr. Kenneth Fok , then Assistant Director of the Law Society’s Practitioners Affairs Department. 左起：律師會研究助理佘修安先生、同為憲制事務及人權委員會成員的帝理邁律師及James Fry博士、公益服務委員會成 員Alan Schiffman律師、當時的律師會執業者事務部總監黃淑玲律師、平機會法律總監潘力恆先生、平機會高級法律主任 Peter Reading先生、平機會法律主任李世恩先生及當時的律師會執業者事務部副總監霍永權律師。

Meeting with the Immigration Department Representatives from the Law Society’s Family Law Committee met with Immigration Department officers on 2 October. Constructive and useful comments were exchanged on various issues pertinent to family law practice. A follow-up meeting will be arranged to continue discussion on matters of mutual concern, including the Child Abduction Legislation (Miscellaneous Amendments) Bill 2013.

與入境事務處會面 From left: Mr. Kenneth Fok, then Assistant Director of the Law Society’s Practitioners Affairs; Ms. Winnie Chow, Ms. Catherine Por, Mr. Anthony Hung, Mr. Dennis Ho, Members of the Law Society’s Family Law Committee; Mr. Ellis Chan, 律師會家事法委員會的代表在10月2日與 Assistant Principal Immigration Officer of the Immigration Department; Ms. Phyllis Wu, Chief Immigration Officer of 入境事務處人員會面，就各項與家事法 the Immigration Department; and Ms. Jada Wong, Senior Immigration Officer of the Immigration Department. 左起：當時的律師會執業者事務部副總監霍永權律師；同為律師會家事法委員會成員的周韻儀律師、傅景元律師、洪宏道律 實務相關的議題交換了具建設性且有用 師及何志權律師；入境事務處助理首席入境事務主任陳紹強先生；入境事務處總入境事務主任胡美茵女士；及入境事務處高 級入境事務主任王慧敏女士。 的意見。雙方將安排跟進會議繼續討論 彼此共同關注的事宜，包括《2013年擄 拐兒童法例(雜項修訂)條例草案》。

www.hk-lawyer.org 25 • November 2013

YSG: Closing ceremony of the Child Development Fund programme “Growing Partners 2” The Law Society is one of the supporting organisations of the Child Development Fund programme “Growing Partners 2” organised by the Boys’ and Girls’ Club Association of Hong Kong. The Law Society’s Young Solicitors’ Group (“YSG”) attended the closing Ms. Nadine Lai (standing, fifth from right), YSG Committee Member, along with Mr. Matthew Cheung Kin-chung, Secretary ceremony of the programme held on for Labour and Welfare (standing, sixth from left) and representatives from other supporting organisations. 15 August. For the past three years, 年青律師組委員會成員黎蒑律師（立者右五）、勞工及福利局局長張建宗先生（立者左六）及其他支持機構的代表。 this programme has helped children and teenagers from 12-16 develop 年青律師組：兒童發展基金計 童和青少年為對象，幫助他們建立信心 confidence and learn how to build 劃「結伴再成長」閉幕禮 及學習如何建立財務和非財務性質的資 assets of both fiscal and non-fiscal 產，後者包括建立正確態度、提升個人 nature. The latter includes developing 由香港小童群益會籌辦的兒童發展基金 抗逆力及擴闊人際網絡。 right attitudes, personal resilience, and 計劃「結伴再成長」於8月15日舉行閉幕 social networks. 禮，律師會為其支持機構之一。律師會 黎蒑律師 Ms. Nadine Lai 年青律師組亦有出席是次活動。過去三 年青律師組委員會成員 Committee Member, YSG 年，這項計劃以年齡介乎12至16歲的兒

plays to a very high sporting standard, which is possibly why it remains a much- anticipated annual event. This year, our team beat the odds to record extremely hard fought and narrow victories against our fierce rivals, the accountants (Hong Kong Institute of Certified Public Accountants (“HKICPA”), the surveyors (The Hong Kong Institute of Surveyors) and the dentists (Hong Kong Dental Association), while defeating some others more convincingly. No doubt we were helped along by some luck even From left: Mr. Ben Lui; Ms. Winnie Lo; Mr. Simon Yung; Mr. Andrew Lam; Mr. Stanley Hui; Ms. Susanna Chiu, President of the HKICPA; Mr. Sylvester Sung, Captain of the Law Society’s Table Tennis Team; Mr. River Stone; Mr. Peter Chen; as our carefully-planned tactics came to Mr. Richard Lo; and Ms. Winif Chiu. fruition, but certainly, coming in second 左 起︰雷 耀 輝 律 師、盧 穎 思律 師、翁 宗 榮 律 師、林 俊 才 律 師、許 鷹 碩 律 師、香 港 會 計 師 公 會 會長 趙 麗 娟 小 姐、乒 乓 球 隊 隊長 宋承輝律師、石川律師、陳坤律師、盧永熾律師及招凱欣律師。 was by no means a coincidence.

I wish to take this opportunity to thank Table Tennis: The RSCP Mr. Sylvester Sung, Ms. Winif Chiu the above players for believing in and Table Tennis Tournament and Ms. Winnie Lo finished second in staying with the team for so many 2013 this year’s Recreation and Sports Club years. We will continue to do our best for Hong Kong Professional Bodies to achieve more for the Law Society for The Law Society team comprising (“RSCP”) Table Tennis Tournament. many years to come. Mr. Andrew Lam, Mr. Ben Lui, Mr. Peter Chen, Mr. Richard Lo, Mr. River Stone, Despite the hectic work life of its Mr. Sylvester Sung Mr. Simon Yung, Mr. Stanley Hui, participants, the RSCP Tournament Captain, Law Society Table Tennis Team

26 www.hk-lawyer.org November 2013 • LAW SOCIETY NEWS 律 師 會 新 聞

2013年香港專業團體康體會 儘管參賽者工作繁忙，香港專業團體康體 們精心策劃的戰術得以成功固然需要一點 乒乓球比賽 會的比賽一向保持著相當高的體育水平， 運氣，但取得亞軍決非偶然。 或正因如此，這項年度活動成為大家翹首 於本年度的香港專業團體康體會乒乓球 我想藉此機會感謝上述隊員，多年來對球 企盼的盛事。本年賽事戰況激烈，我們的 比賽，由林俊才律師、雷耀輝律師、陳 隊充滿信心，一同並肩作戰。我們今後將 隊伍經過一輪苦戰，終險勝實力強勁的對 坤律師、盧永熾律師、石川律師、翁宗 繼續致力為律師會再創佳績。 手，包括會計師(香港會計師公會)、測量 榮律師、許鷹碩律師、宋承輝律師、招 師(香港測量師學會)及牙醫(香港牙醫學 宋承輝律師 凱欣律師及盧穎思律師組成的律師會隊 會)，而且更以大比數擊敗其他對手。我 律師會乒乓球隊隊長 伍勇奪亞軍。

Volunteers sang classic Chinese pop songs while the elderly audience danced and made merry. 義工獻唱經典中文流行曲，台下長者聞歌起舞。 On behalf of the Law Society, Mr. Mak Hon Ming, CRC Vice-Chairman, received a souvenir from the organiser. CRC: Solicitors spread love warming ambience. This was topped 社區關係委員會副主席麥漢明律師代表律師會接受主辦單 and care over the Mid- off by a lucky draw, which drew much 位 致 送 的 紀 念 品。 Autumn Festival excitement from the elderly winners as they received their prizes. 21日到長青社區中心探訪。 The Mid-Autumn Festival is a traditional 是次活動是律師會社區關係委員會迄今 Chinese event filled with happy Many thanks to Mr. Mak Hon Ming, CRC moments of reunions and gatherings. To Vice-Chairman, for attending the visit 為長者舉辦過的最大型活動，有超過50 share this joy with the elderly, the Law and Ms. Sauw Yim, Chairlady of the 名義工及150名長者參加。 Society co-organised a 21 September CRC’s Elderly Service Working Group, for 律師們和其家屬不但為長者獻唱，亦與 visit to the Cheung Ching Estate organising such a meaningful event. We 他們玩遊戲，眾人打成一片，場面既溫 Community Centre with the Hong Kong hope that more solicitors will join us in Society for the Aged. future to share their love and care. See 馨且熱鬧。活動最後還設有抽獎環節， you at our next event! 長者們領獎時都表現得非常興奮。 This activity is by far the biggest one organised by the Law Society’s Elderly Service Working Group, 我們非常感謝社區關係委員會副主席麥 Community Relations Committee Community Relations Committee 漢明律師抽空出席，另外十分感謝長者 (“CRC”) that caters to the elderly , 服務工作小組主席蕭艷律師籌辦這個充 involving over 50 volunteers and 150 社區關係委員會： senior citizens. 滿意義的活動。我們希望未來有更多律 律師中秋傳關懷獻愛心 師加入，與我們攜手獻出關愛。下次活 Solicitors and their families mingled 中秋節是人月團圓、樂也融融的中國傳 with and sang for the elderly, as 動見！ 統節日。為了與長者一同歡度佳節，律 well as played games with them, as everyone contributed to a heart- 師會與香港耆康老人福利會合作於9月 社區關係委員會長者服務工作小組

www.hk-lawyer.org 27 • November 2013

Swimming: New World represented by captain Mr. Harbour Race and HKMA TC Chan; convenor Ms. Vicky Inter-Professional Invitation Man; Mr. Allen Che; and Ms. May Tam. Relay Race Our thanks go to all team Beginning bright and early with the New members who participated in World Harbour Race, and moving on the races, supporters and our to the Hong Kong Medical Association coach Mr. Terrance Leung. (“HKMA”) Inter-Professional Invitation Relay Race in the afternoon, Sunday 6 We look forward to seeing Enjoying the day with their families Ms. Agnes Chan, Convenor, Law Society Swimming Team (second from left); Ms. October was a busy, fun-filled day for the each other again at the Helen Ho (third from left); Ms. Eliza Chang, Chairperson of the Law Society’s Law Society Swimming Team! 38th New Year Swimming Recreation and Sports Committee (middle), and Mr. Derick Lau (third from right). Lifesaving Championships on 參賽者與家人同渡愉快的一天 Swimming across Victoria Harbour 律師會游泳隊召集人陳曉菁見習律師（左二）、何婉儀律師（左三）、律師會康樂及體 1 January 2014! Four swimmers from the Law Society 育委員會主席鄭麗珊律師（中）及劉志華律師（右三）。 participated in the New World Harbour Ms. Agnes Chan & Ms. Vicky Man 樂及體育委員會主席鄭麗珊律師及游泳隊 Race. After a hiatus of more than 30 Convenors, Law Society Swimming Team 召集人陳曉菁實習律師亦參加了競賽組， years, Hong Kong’s cross-harbour swim 與其他泳手一較高下。由於優悠組的報名 recommenced in 2011 and this year, the 游泳：新世界維港泳及香港醫 Law Society sent in its team. Over 1,800 反應非常熱烈，主辦單位決定以抽籤形式 swimmers completed the 1.5 km swim 學會跨專業界別接力邀請賽 挑選泳手參賽，而劉志華律師是唯一一位 across Victoria Harbour, which started 10月6日，新世界維港泳在大清早舉行， 有幸入圍的律師會會員。 from the Lei Yue Mun Sam Ka Tsuen 同日下午還有香港醫學會跨專業界別接力 Public Pier and ended at the Quarry Bay 香港醫學會跨專業界別接力邀請賽 邀請賽，對律師會游泳隊而言，這個星期 Park Public Pier. 一如以往，游泳隊獲邀參加由香港醫學 天確是個既繁忙又充滿樂趣的比賽天！ The race was divided into the more 會主辦的年度跨專業界別4×50米自由泳 competitive Racing Group, and the 游泳橫渡維港 接力邀請賽。本年參賽團體包括香港醫學 Leisure Group. It was a remarkable 律師會游泳隊有四名健兒參加是次新世界 會、香港牙醫學會、香港會計師公會，以 moment for Ms. Helen Ho, who 維港泳。香港渡海泳停辦超過30年，終 及律師會，我們隊員包括游泳隊隊長陳子 participated in the Racing event, as it 在2011年復辦，律師會在本年決定派出 遷律師、游泳隊召集人文穎翹律師、以及 brought back childhood memories from 泳手參賽。賽道由鯉魚門三家村公眾碼頭 her cross-harbour race in the 1970s. 游泳隊隊員車偉恒律師及譚玉瑜律師。 為起點，終點為鰂魚涌公園公眾碼頭，全 Ms. Eliza Chang, Chairperson of the 我們由衷感謝所有參與這兩項賽事的隊員、 Law Society’s Recreation and Sports 長約1.5公里，有超過1,800名健兒成功橫 支持者及我們的游泳隊教練梁耀輝先生！ Committee, and Ms. Agnes Chan, 渡維多利亞港，游畢全程。 Convenor of the Swimming Team, also 期盼大家能在2014年1月1日舉行的第38 比賽分為「競賽組」及「優悠組」，前者 competed. 屆元旦冬泳拯溺錦標大賽再次聚首一堂！ 設有名次。是次活動對參加了競賽組的何 As there was overwhelming response for 婉儀律師而言別具意義，皆因比賽勾起她 participation in the Leisure Group, the 陳曉菁實習律師及文穎翹律師 organiser drew lots to select swimmers 在1970年代參加渡海泳的童年回憶。康 律師會游泳隊召集人 for the race - Mr. Derick Lau was the only lucky Law Society member to get in. HKMA Race As with previous years, the Swimming Team was invited to take part in the annual inter-professional invitation 4 x 50m freestyle relay race organised by the HKMA. This year, participants included the HKMA, the Hong Kong Dental Association (“HKDA”), the Hong Kong Institute of Certified Public Accountants (“HKICPA”) and our team, which was Swimmers from the HKMA, the HKDA, the HKICPA, and the Law Society Swimming Team. 香港醫學會、香港牙醫學會、香港會計師公會及律師會游泳隊的泳手。

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0 • November 2013 CLICKING IN PLACE – The Impact of the New Trade Descriptions Law 蓄勢待發 - 新商品說明法的影響

By Eugene Low, Senior Associate Mayer Brown JSM 作者 劉耀慈律師 孖士打律師行 蔣任宏 個人資料私隱專員 Awareness and enforcement A Government press release has There are certain practices that businesses have reported that the Customs and Excise had to change since the Trade Descriptions (Unfair Department (“Customs”), and the Trade Practices) (Amendment) Ordinance 2012 (the Communications Authority, who are responsible for enforcing the Ordinance, “Ordinance”) came into force on 19 July 2013. The new have received over 400 complaints and law, with a primary focus on consumer protection, has 2,000 enquiries relating to the amended law by the end of August. The Consumer attracted considerable interest and discussion among Council has also received over 400 traders, consumers and the media. As with most cases in around the same period, mostly from sectors such as food & beverages, things, not everyone is enamoured with the changes. electrical appliances, dried seafood, and The author looks here at the impact of the new law on cosmetic services. various stakeholders thus far. These fairly-high numbers, culled within a relatively short span (just over a month after the new law became effective), may

30 www.hk-lawyer.org November 2013 • COMMERCIAL 商 業

issued a set of Enforcement Guidelines towards consumers. These new to provide guidance on the operation offences are, namely, misleading of the relevant provisions under the omissions, aggressive commercial Ordinance. Customs has devoted a practices, bait advertising, bait team of about 140 officers experienced and switch, and wrongly accepting in undercover operations and bringing payment. With the exception of the prosecutions to this purpose. bait and switch offence which requires proof of intention, these unfair trade While investigation priority will practices impose strict liability. understandably be given to serious, repeated or plainly-dishonest trading • Increasing enforcement power, conduct, there is no grace period for for example, power to apply enforcement. Indeed, in August the for injunctions and to accept Customs announced the first arrests undertakings. The latter introduces a under the amended Ordinance, against civil compliance-based mechanism operators and “pretend customers” of under which the enforcement stalls selling dried abalone and ginseng authority may, with the consent of in Mong Kok and Yau Ma Tei. the Secretary for Justice, accept a trader’s written undertaking in lieu of The stall operators were found to be prosecution. misleading consumers into believing that the price of the goods was • Empowering criminal courts to award calculated in catties instead of taels. The compensation and allowing aggrieved placards displaying the price indications persons to claim damages through were unclear or hidden. Further, when civil proceedings. consumers asked about the price unit, The new offences of false trade the stall operators did not provide a clear description of services and unfair trade answer. Customs considers that such practices do not apply to exempt persons malpractice amounts to the new unfair (Schedule 3) like solicitors or registered trade practice of “misleading omissions” medical practitioners, or excluded under Section 13E of the Ordinance. products (Schedule 4) supplied under Dried abalone and ginseng worth over the like of the Banking Ordinance or the REUTERS/Bobby Yip HK$200,000 were seized. Securities and Futures Ordinance. People browsing at the Hong Kong Book Fair. It is worth pointing out that although 讀者們在香港書展瀏覽書籍。 Highlights of the new law the Ordinance now has a consumer At this juncture, it may be helpful to focus, some provisions apply to recap what the new law is about. In brief, business-to-business dealings as well be attributable to wide media coverage the amended Ordinance brought about (eg. wholesaling) notably the offences and various efforts to educate the public the following main changes: about the new law. For instance, Customs relating to false trade description of • Extending the coverage to the has been conducting briefing sessions goods and the use of forged trade marks. provision of services to consumers. for different business sectors and has Previously the Ordinance applied only Reaction from the trade also been monitoring compliance at to goods. popular exhibitions like the Hong Kong Businesses have expressed certain • Adopting a non-exhaustive definition Book Fair and the Hong Kong Food reservations in certain areas, to say of “trade description” which now Expo. There are also television and radio the least. For example, the way that catches any matters relating to publicity programmes produced by the prices have to be set appears to be the goods or services concerned, getting on the nerves of many traders. Government. The Consumer Council including matters like availability, Some exhibitors at the recent Book is likewise active, running roadshows price, price calculation, price Fair switched to creative price tags like in shopping malls and designating a advantage and discount. “shocking price” and “friendly price” website for the new law. • Creating five new unfair trade to avoid making explicit “lowest price” On the enforcement front, Customs and practices (Sections 13E to 13I) with claims. Other retailers in the market the Communications Authority jointly respect to commercial practices have avoided references or comparisons

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to “original prices”, which, according to have made otherwise. The key concepts published in June (note: the initial draft the Enforcement Guidelines, should not of “material information” and “average was published for public consultation be used if that so-called original price consumer” fluctuate according to the from December 2012 to March 2013), has never been applied to the product factual circumstances of each case. leaving businesses little time to digest for sale or has only been applied for an the requirements and review their For instance, if a health product unreasonably short period. practice especially when there is no advertisement targets the elderly, more grace period. Advertising companies Advertisements have also toned down information may be deemed “material” have also voiced their concerns over grey or removed their performance claims. since an average consumer in this areas of the law. For instance, some beauty product targeted group may be more vulnerable advertisements no longer make explicit because of their age. Those standards The Enforcement Guidelines have claims that using their products will may also vary according to the nature given some useful examples but there achieve a certain slimming effect within a of the goods or services in question – remain ambiguities. Many traders find defined time period. Others have added an average consumer of an expensive, the guidance on price promotions and references to surveys and scientific sophisticated product may be more price comparisons not sufficiently clear, journals to back up their claims, or simply observant and circumspect as compared leaving them to find their own way to removed claims (such as “Best” or “No.1” to a consumer of relatively simple address the issue. On this note, it is claims) which may appear dubious or products. interesting to observe that retailers in the vulnerable to challenge. The travel market are taking different approaches In response to this new offence, some air industry has also reacted, with some to change their price tags, and some ticket or package tour advertisements travel agencies no longer guaranteeing even make up creative price claims like have now included an estimate of that their package tours are available for those used in the Book Fair. surcharges and taxes previously not departure every day. indicated. Some restaurants have also Understandably, the law has been The food industry is another group that chosen to clearly state the price of drafted widely to afford flexibility for is most impacted by the new law. In appetisers and other miscellaneous enforcement given that trading practices this year’s Food Expo, some exhibitors charges to avoid disputes. take many forms. However, while cases have been more cautious with the use involving blatant dishonest behaviour Such moves seem sensible especially of “HK$1” promotion gimmicks, clearly are condemnable (arguably the dried where the extra charges are stating as well the quantities that are abalone and ginseng case above is one disproportionate to or even exceed available at that bargain price. Such a such example), it is less so for other less the price of the product in question. In move is apparently an attempt to avoid clear-cut scenarios involving established connection with this, some traders are contravening the “bait advertising” industry practices. also now more careful when describing provision, which makes it an offence promotional offers like “Buy 1 Get 1 Free” For example, there are debates on if there are no reasonable grounds to or “Free Trial” where there are hidden whether over-booking of flights believe that a trader will be able to costs or unusual terms, for example, contravenes the offence of wrongly supply at the advertised price for a period where the freebie is conditional upon accepting payment. Customs have and in quantities that are reasonable. the customer first undergoing some refused to comment on individual Section 13G provides a defence to bait chargeable tests or lessons, or where the cases whereas the Consumer Council advertising if the trader clearly states subject goods and the freebie are not opined that over-booking even one in the advertisement the period or the the same, for example, you buy one meal seat might fall foul. Some airlines quantities available and lives up to that and get one drink free. responded that there are legitimate offer. reasons for over-booking. In cases like On the other hand, the offence of Controversies this, one probably needs to look at misleading omissions also has a While some traders welcome the the whole array of circumstances, for wide scope and has attracted a lot amended legislation to stamp out example, how the trader advertises of attention. This offence prohibits a unscrupulous competitors, many the product, any applicable terms and trader from omitting or hiding “material others are concerned that the new remedial arrangements, and an average information” (or providing such law is unclear, leaving them uncertain consumer’s expectation. information in an unclear or untimely as to what to do (and what not to do) manner) which causes or is likely to to comply with the new law. Some Looking forward cause the “average consumer” to make a are unhappy that the final draft of The amendments are aimed at transactional decision that he would not the Enforcement Guidelines was only enhancing consumer rights and

32 www.hk-lawyer.org November 2013 • COMMERCIAL 商 業

《2012年商品說明（不良營商手法）(修訂)條例》(以 enforcement powers. The spirit is indisputable, but the Ordinance has cast 下簡稱《條例》)於2013年7月19日生效後，業務經營 the net wide and may catch even the 者的若干營商手法必須有所改變。新法例所側重的是 unwary or honest traders. 在保障消費者權益方面，而它已引起了許多商戶、消 Increasing consumer protection is a global trend. The amended Ordinance 費者及媒體的關注和討論。經常的情況是，並非人人 and the Enforcement Guidelines 都喜歡改變。本文作者探討新法例對各持份者迄今為 have drawn on existing consumer 止所產生的影響。 protection regimes in Australia, the United Kingdom and the European Commission. In April 2013, the PRC also published a consultation draft of amendments to update its Consumer Protection Law (a second draft was published in September). This increased awareness of individual rights is also evident in the new direct marketing provisions of the Personal Data (Privacy) Ordinance, which came into force earlier this year. Against this background and in light of the increased exposure under the amended Ordinance, it is definitely prudent for traders to familiarise themselves with the legislative change and review their trading practices. Admittedly there would be grey areas and teething problems with the new law which might only be answered should there be a prosecution or a court verdict. 意識與執法 Will there be more prosecution or 政府公布的消息指，海關及通訊事務管理 商場舉辦路演，以及在其網站上，特別就 conviction under the new law? It remains 局（負責執行《條例》的部門） 至八月 新法例的實施進行講解和宣傳。 to be seen, as trading practices and 底為止，已就該經修訂後的法例，接獲超 advertisements take many forms, and 在執法方面，海關及通訊事務管理局聯合 the wide drafting of the law can cut both 過400宗投訴及2,000次查詢。在大約同 發出了一套《執法指引》，就《條例》中 ways – the net may be wide but proving 一時間，消委會也接獲超過400宗投訴， 相關條文的實施提供指引。同時，海關成 all elements (especially fluctuating 當中大多涉及飲食、電器、海味及美容服 立了一支由大約140名富經驗人員組成的 concepts like “material information”) 務等行業。 便裝執法隊伍，對違例情況採取適當行動 beyond reasonable doubt may not be 和提出相關檢控。 straightforward. 在一個相對較短的時間內（僅略多於新法 For traders, besides and beyond the 例生效後一個月）錄得如此高的數字，箇 雖然當局是理所當然地，以嚴重、屢犯、 literal reading of the Ordinance, they 中原因，可能是由於媒體作出廣泛報導， 或明顯的不誠實售賣行為作為其優先調查 should take note that ultimately one of 以及當局就該新法例向公眾人士進行教育 目標，但是在法例的執行上並無任何寬限 the key rationales of the new law is that 宣傳所致。例如，海關曾經為不同行業舉 期。事實上，海關針對在旺角及油麻地售 consumers should be given sufficient 辦新法例執行的簡介會，也曾在「香港書 賣乾鮑魚及人參的攤檔經營者及「假裝顧 information and the freedom to make 客」，在8月份公佈了經修訂《條例》下 an informed, voluntary decision. Abiding 展」及「香港美食博覽」等備受市民歡迎 的首批被捕者。 by this principle will be the cornerstone 的展覽會中，監察各參展商有否違反相關 of complying with the law and satisfying 規定。此外，政府也製作了宣傳節目在電 該等攤檔經營者蓄意誤導消費者，令消 customers. n 視及電台播放，而消委會也積極地在各個 費者以為有關貨品的售價是以斤、而非

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以兩計算，而價錢的標示牌也不夠清晰 適用於諸如律師、註冊醫生等獲豁免人士 相信某商戶能在合理期間內，按宣傳價格 或是被刻意隱藏。此外，當消費者就貨 （附表三），或是由獲豁免人士根據《銀 供應合理數量的該產品，該商戶便屬干犯 品的單價作出查詢時，攤檔經營者也沒 行業條例》或《證券及期貨條例》提供的 了罪行。第13G條訂明了一項關於餌誘式 有向其提供明確的答案。海關認為，該 豁除產品（附表四）。 廣告宣傳的抗辯理由﹕就是商戶如果在廣 等不當行為，已構成了《條例》第13E條 告宣傳中，清楚述明供應該產品的期間或 應當注意的是，雖然《條例》現在是以保 中所指的新不良營商手法—「誤導性遺 數量，而且它也履行了這項要約。 障消費者權益為重點，但當中有些條文是 漏」﹔而被檢獲的乾鮑魚及人參，總值 適用於商務往來的交易（例如批發），特 另一方面，有關誤導性遺漏的罪行，其所 超過200,000港元。 別是與關於貨品的虛假商品說明，以及與 涉及的範圍也很廣，並吸引了許多人的關 注。該罪行禁止商戶遺漏或隱藏「重要資 新法例的重點 使用偽冒商標等有關的罪行。 料」（或是以不明確或不適時的方式提供 在現階段，為了加深讀者對新法例的認 行業的反應 該等資料），導致或相當可能導致「一般 識，現在讓我們看看新法例中的若干規 至少可以說，經營者對《條例》中的某些 消費者」作出他本來不會作出的交易決 定。簡而言之，《條例》在修訂後有以下 規定是有所保留的。例如，許多商戶對《 定。「重要資料」和「一般消費者」這些 的更改： 條例》規定的標價方式似乎感到憂慮。在 關鍵概念，是就每一宗個案的實際情況而 • 其覆蓋範圍延伸至向消費者提供的 近期舉辦的「香港書展」中，有些參展商 有所變動。 服務。《條例》在以往只是適用於 改用一些別具創意的價格宣傳語，例如「 例如，某一保健產品若是以老年人作為其 貨品。 驚爆價」與「友好價」，以避免直接提 廣告宣傳對象，那麼將會有較多關於該產 • 以非窮盡的方式來界定「商品說明」 到「最低價」。在該展覽會上的其他零售 品的資料被視為「重要資料」，因為這一 一詞，現時它包含了與貨品或服務有 商，也盡量避免提及「原價」或是與「原 特定群體中的一般消費者，會因其年事已 關的任何事項，包括可用性、價格、 價」作比較，因為根據《執法指引》，所 高而較易受到左右。該等標準，也可能因 價格計算、價格優勢及折扣等事項。 謂的原價如果從來沒有應用於所售賣的產 貨品或服務之性質而各有不同—購買昂貴 • 就商戶向消費者作出的營業行為，確 品上，又或是只曾應用於一個不合理的短 及精良產品的一般消費者，與購買較簡單 立了五項新訂的不良營商手法（第 時間內，那麼便不應該將其提及。 產品的消費者相比，前者的觀察力和謹慎 13E條至第13I條）。該等新訂罪行計 此外，商戶也將其產品的廣告宣傳加以 程度可能較高。 為﹕誤導性遺漏、具威嚇性的營業行 淡化，或是刪除對其產品性能的聲稱。 面對這一項新罪行，一些關於機票或旅行 為、餌誘式廣告宣傳、先誘後轉銷售 例如，在一些美容產品的廣告宣傳中， 團的廣告宣傳，現在也會將各項附加費和 行為、不當地接受付款等。除了「先 已不再明確聲稱消費者在使用了該些產 稅項的估計金額包括在內，而以往是沒有 誘後轉銷售行為」這一項罪行，需要 品後，便能於一定期間內達到某一程度 如此實行的。有些餐館現時也會將前菜（ 證明商戶具有相關意圖外，其餘的不 的瘦身效果。其他一些商戶則藉引述某 開胃菜）及其他雜項收費的價錢列明，以 良營商手法，均按照嚴格法律責任的 些調查和科學期刊的資料，來支持它們 避免與顧客發生爭拗。 標準來處理。 對其產品的聲稱，又或是乾脆刪除一些 上述的各項舉措看來皆屬明智之舉，尤其 • 加強執法權力，例如，申請禁制令和 看來令人懷疑，或容易受人質疑的聲稱 是當一些額外收費與相關產品的價格不 接受承諾的權力。後者引入了以民事 （例如聲稱自己的產品為「最佳」或「 成正比，甚至是超過該產品的價格時。因 合規為基礎的機制﹔根據該機制，執 第一」）。另一方面，旅遊界在這方面 此，一些商戶假如是以例如「買一送一」 法機關可以在獲得律政司司長同意 也作出了回應，有一些旅行社現已不再 、「免費試用」等手法來促銷，但當中含 下，以接受商戶的書面承諾來代替向 保證其旅行團是天天出發。 有隱藏成本或不尋常條款時，現在便務須 商戶作出檢控。 食品行業也是一個受新法例影響最大的行 加倍留意。例如，免費試用產品的先決條 授予刑事法庭判給補償的權力，允許 • 業。在今年的「美食博覽」上，一些參展 件，是要求客戶先接受一些須付費的測 受屈的一方通過民事法律程序來要求 商更加謹慎地使用「壹蚊」這促銷噱頭， 試，或是上一些須付費的培訓課程﹔又或 獲得損害賠償。 並清楚說明該貨品的大特賣數量，而此舉 是，貨品與免費送贈的禮品，所指的並非 關於服務方面的虛假商品說明，以及與各 顯然是為了避免違反「餌誘式廣告宣傳」 是同一樣東西。例如﹕在你購買了一頓 種不良營商手法有關的各項新罪行，並不 的規定。根據該項規定，如沒有合理理由 飯餐後，店員送給你的贈品是一杯飲品。

34 www.hk-lawyer.org November 2013 • COMMERCIAL 商 業

爭議 展望未來 雖然有些商戶會歡迎該法例的修訂，以 有關的修訂，旨在提升消費者的權利與加 杜絕一些不良競爭對手，但很多人都擔 強政府的執法權力，故其精神是不容置疑 心新法例不夠清晰，以致他們無法確定 的。但由於《條例》的網撒得很廣，故警 甚麼該做（及甚麼不該做），以符合新 覺性不足或殷實的商戶，也很容易會遭受 法例的規定。另外，有些人士亦不大滿 到池魚之殃。 意《執法指引》的最終擬稿需要等到6月 加強對消費者權益的保障，是一個全球性 才公布（註：最初擬稿是在2012年12月 的趨勢。經修訂的《條例》以及《執法 至2013年3月期間發出，以徵集市民的 指引》，其草擬是以澳大利亞、英國與歐 意見），以致各個行業只有很少時間去 洲委員會的現有消費者保障制度作為參 了解法例的相關規定，以及檢討它們的 考。2013年4月，中國也發表了一份「 現行做法，尤其是在該法例的執行並沒 修正案草案諮詢文件」，以更新其《消費 有寬限期的情況下。此外，廣告公司也 者權益保護法》（其草案二次審議稿於9 曾就該法例的灰色地帶，紛紛表達了其 月公布）。個人權利意識在現今有所提高 關注點。 的另一明證，是於今年較早時生效的《個 雖然《執法指引》中載述了一些有用例 人資料（私隱）條例》中的直銷新規定。 子，但當中仍有模糊之處。許多商戶發覺 在這背景下，以及基於在經修訂《條 在價格促銷與價格比較方面，指引還是不 例》下所增加的風險，商戶必須充分了 夠明確，令它們無所適從，需要自行尋求 解有關的法例變更，並檢視其自身的 解決有關問題的方法。關於這一點，令人 營商手法，這才是真正的謹慎之道。誠 感到有趣的是，市場上各個零售商正在以 然，新法例之中會存在灰色地帶，而在 不同的方式來改變其標價方法，有些甚至 實施初期也會遇到問題。相信只有當政 像「書展」的商戶一般，設計出具創意的 府和法院作出了相關檢控及裁決後，問 叫價方式來。 題才可有望得到解答。 由於營商的手法層出不窮，因此該法例的 當新法例實施後，會否有更多人被提出檢 起草，是但求盡量寬泛，好讓執法上能 控或定罪呢？實際情況如何，這仍有待觀 夠更加靈活，而這點是可以理解的。但 察，因為營商及廣告宣傳手法多種多樣， 是，悍然欺騙顧客的行為雖然應嚴加懲處 而法例以寬泛的形式來草擬也是各有利 （上述的乾鮑魚及人參售賣便是其中一些 弊 —它的網可能張得很開，但要運用毫 例子），但一些涉及既定行業慣例的個 無合理疑點的標準來證明所有元素（尤其 案，究竟當中的銷售行為是對是錯，有時 是「重要資料」等變動不居的概念）卻是 是難以遽下結論。 談何容易。 例如，對於超額預訂航班的做法，現時便 商戶除了須對《條例》進行字面上的理解 存在是否觸犯了「不當地接受付款」的爭 外，還應當謹記新法例的其中一個主要 議。海關拒絕就個別案件作出評論，而消 目標，就是要讓消費者獲得提供足夠的資 委會則認為，即使是超額預訂了一個機 料，並在掌握了相關資料後，自願作出其 位，也可能觸犯了法例。一些航空公司指 自身的決定。當你謹守這項原則，便是奠 出，超額預訂機位的做法具有正當理由。 定了令法例得到遵循，令顧客感到心滿意 在現實情況中，我們可能需要察看整體情 足的基石。 n 況，例如，商戶如何為其產品作宣傳，是 否有任何適用條款與補救安排，以及一般 消費者的期望為何等等。

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THE NEW COMPETITION ORDINANCE - Headache or Opportunity?

新《競爭條例》– 是帶來了難題還是機會？

By Mark Williams, Executive Director Asian Competition Forum 作者 麥偉年執行董事 亞洲競爭論壇

The new Hong Kong Competition Ordinance (Cap. 619) (the “Ordinance”) is now partially in force. The Government has already established a Competition Commission (the “Commission”) and the corresponding Competition Tribunal (the “Tribunal”). The author sets out here what lawyers and businesses should look out.

36 www.hk-lawyer.org November 2013 • COMPETITION 競 爭

Yet, law firms will need to prepare Another pitfall relates to the lens that themselves well in advance in order Hong Kong’s competition authorities to advise their clients professionally. will use to interpret the Ordinance. The law employs broad language and The Ordinance draws heavily from UK largely abstract and unfamiliar economic and EU competition law terminology. concepts to most solicitors and barristers The Ordinance also appears to follow who have not specifically studied parts of the Australian Competition economics or competition law. and Consumer Act 2010 and related case law. The Guidance to be issued Lawyers will need new skills in order to by the Commission and the decisions advise their existing and new clients. of the Tribunal and the Hong Kong We first address three pitfalls in the Appellate Courts need to create their own Ordinance – a broad definition of interpretation, approach and doctrines “undertaking,” a lack of definition of related to the new legislation. concerted practices and other practices under the First Conduct Rule and lack of Foreign experience will provide scant definition of anti-competitive behavior direct guidance for practicing lawyers under the Second Conduct Rule. in Hong Kong, as the nature and structure of the Hong Kong economy is We then suggest that the Commission very different from those in Europe and will likely take a hardline approach Australia. The public consultations on toward egregious anti-competitive the various sets of Guidance will ensure behavior (at least in the longer-run). We that whilst foreign law indirectly colours conclude by describing the likely effect both regulation-writing and subsequent on Hong Kong’ businesses and their legal interpretation, the specific characteristics advisors. of the Hong Kong economy and its Three potential traps in the relationship with the PRC economy are Ordinance fully taken into account. The Ordinance applies to non-profit as After all, Hong Kong’s various legal, well as profit-making organisations – business and consumer constituencies requiring vigilance by all Hong Kong will reflect potentially unique mindsets entities. The Ordinance will apply, not and interests. The interpretative vacuum, only to profit seeking businesses, but also and the range of interests will argue REUTERS/Toby Melville to a range of other “undertakings”. for differing interpretations of the prohibitions and may create considerable The Ordinance stipulates that an uncertainty about the way in which the “undertaking” : Commission (as sole initial enforcer of he first Commissioners, President “means any entity, regardless the law) will choose to draft Guidance and Deputy President of the T of its legal status or the way in and subsequently choose its enforcement Tribunal have been appointed. which it is financed, engaged in priorities and first targets of investigation. However, the substantive prohibitions economic activity, and includes against anti-competitive agreements The First Conduct Rule’s wording a natural person engaged in and the abuse of substantial market contains potential pitfalls for Hong Kong’s economic activity.” power will not take effect until at legal advisors. The First conduct Rule (Section 6) prohibits an undertaking from least late 2014. The Commission Such a definition obviously covers sole (a) making or give effect to an agreement; must now appoint its staff. The staff, traders, small- and medium-sized (b) engaging in a concerted practice; in turn, must consult the public as enterprises, partnerships, and limited or (c) as a member of an association of they prepare various sets of Guidance companies. Yet, such a definition almost undertakings, making or giving effect to before the First and Second Conduct certainly will also cover some charities a decision of the association, if the object Rules come into force. and trade associations. or effect of the agreement, concerted

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practice or decision is to prevent, restrict probably rely on foreign understanding that such practices will soon become or distort competition in Hong Kong. of many of the terms involved. However, unlawful and, if discovered by the adopting a “cut and paste” strategy Commission, will be heavily penalised. Clearly, two or more undertakings would not necessarily serve Hong Kong must together, or as members of an Hong Kong’s companies should fear well as the economic realities of the association, agree or implement a such investigations and sanctions. The domestic market and its vital interaction decision. Or they must engage in a Commission has investigatory and with the PRC market are substantially concerted practice that, by its very prosecutorial powers. It may impose different to economic conditions in nature or through its effect, decreases penalties by proving a breach of the overseas countries and these realities the quality of competition in a market law before the Tribunal on the balance must be reflected in the Guidance to for goods or services in Hong Kong. of probabilities. In cases involving be issued in order that the enforcement However, the statute does not define serious anti-trust violations such as of prohibitions actually benefits “concerted practices” or a “decision” cartel behavior guilty parties can expect competition in the local market with respect to the activities of a trade significant exemplary sanctions as a association. deterrent to others. Getting Ready for Anti-Trust The Second Conduct Rule’s wording Enforcement Penalties include fines of up to 10% – governing the abuse of substantial of the company’s Hong Kong based The Commission will have wide- market power -- also provides potential turnover for up to three years of the ranging competencies that will target difficulties for companies and their legal period during which the guilty parties common business practices in Hong advisors. Section 21 provides that an committed such behaviour. Other Kong. Under the Ordinance, only the undertaking having a substantial degree penalties may include the disgorgement Commission can enforce its provisions, of market power in a market must not of unlawful profits, positive or negative though private parties who claim to abuse that power. Such abuse may injunctive relief, invalidation of have been damaged may bring “follow- occur by engaging in conduct that has anticompetitive agreements and the on” actions. The Commission also has as its object or effect the prevention, disqualification of the directors involved the power to exempt anti-competitive restriction or distortion of competition in in anti-competitive conduct. behavior —either if the party applies for Hong Kong. an exemption or if the anti-competitive The Ordinance also provides for several This provision closely mirrors Australian behavior satisfies pre-defined defences and mitigating factors. The legislation in adopting a “substantial conditions. The Commission almost Ordinance allows parties participating market power” standard, rather than the certainly will not exempt seriously in cartel behaviour to apply for leniency. UK/EU abuse of “market dominance” anti-competitive conduct. In fact, the They may also avoid punishment standard. Both concepts prohibit Commission will likely primarily target (but not escape from subsequent abusive conduct -- but only when the such “hard core” cartel agreements. private damages claims) by confessing undertaking has market power. The their involvement in the cartel to the Hong Kong’s “hard core” cartel Ordinance does not define the factors Commission and providing evidence agreements likely reflect many defining when the aggressive (anti?) necessary to prove the cartel’s existence agreements already in existence. Such competitive conduct of an entity having and operation. Again it is uncertain agreements include those that (a) fix, substantial market power constitutes how the Commission will operate such maintain, increase or control the price abuse of that power. a leniency policy, however, the long- for the supply of goods or services; (b) run tendency will be toward greater Advising on the substantive prohibitions allocate sales, territories, customers or enforcement. is clearly challenging given the markets for the production or supply particular nature of the statute as of goods or services; (c) fix, maintain, How will the new Competition drafted, the fact that it is underpinned control, prevent, limit or eliminate by economic notions of “competition” the production or supply of goods or Ordinance affect Hong Kong and “markets”, and not the purely legal services; or (d) that constitute bid- businesses? constructs more familiar to Hong Kong rigging. Businesses of all sizes in Hong An ounce of prevention is better than a lawyers. Kong use these types of commercial pound of cure. Practitioners will need As discussed above, upcoming guidance agreements very often. Legal to fully understand how to handle governing both Conduct Rules will practitioners should inform their clients Commission investigations, how to

38 www.hk-lawyer.org November 2013 • COMPETITION 競 爭

negotiate settlements, and whether Tribunal will likely apply the law. larger companies, and guides from professional organisations like the a leniency application would be Advisors of all kinds – not just lawyers- Institute of Company Secretaries. Hong appropriate. Such litigation skills will can add value by advising clients Kong’s universities and other legal serve counsel well. However, they will on adopting internal controls which education and training bodies will likely be better served know how to advise a discourage anti-competitive behaviour add new modules on the competition client on how to comply with the new in the firm and including competition- law and practice. law. Legal practitioners should know related internal audits into the annual how to advice their clients to prevent audit work programme. The professional conference circuit anti-competitive behaviour occurring will likely put competition on the same Over the next three-to-five years, a amongst their management, employees, footing as anti-money laundering and wave of competition-related advice will and other agents. They would also do FATCA (Foreign Account Tax Compliance need to bring Hong Kong’s companies well to advise clients on setting up Act) as the hot conference topics. Such up to date. Such advice will consist internal controls aimed at detecting, advice will clearly represent a far bigger of competition audits to understand preventing and punishing such opportunity than headache for service current business practices, tailor- behaviour – long before it reaches the providers and advisors alike. n Commission’s attention. made compliance programmes for

Lawyers should also unleash their latent economic skills. Solicitors need not know how to calculate a concentration index, 香港的新《競爭條例》(第619章)(下稱《條例》)現已 evaluate the Pareto-optimal outcome 部分實施，而政府也成立了「競爭事務委員會」(下稱 of a contract between a sole supplier 「競委會」)及配合競委會運作的「競爭事務審裁處」 and producer, and know whether the p-value of chi-squared statistic (下稱「審裁處」)。本文作者論述律師以及各企業對 related to a market price indicates a 這一新法例的應對之道。 statistically significant probability of anti-competitive behaviour. However, if economics is not their forte, practitioners should be able to work with consulting economists who know how to do these things. Solicitors should also be able to understand, apply and explain the economic concepts that underlie the new Ordinance to their clients.

The Ordinance probably represents more of an opportunity than headache for legal practitioners but only if they take the time to fully understand the law and the relevant economic concepts.

Practitioners should be concerned about the complexities of the new law. However, they should also embrace practice involving the law as a potentially-lucrative new practice area. Legal advisors will need to enhance their skill sets by understanding the substantive law thoroughly: its rationale, similar legal traditions in the countries that have provide the model for the

Ordinance and how the Commission and REUTERS/ Bobby Yip

www.hk-lawyer.org 39 • November 2013

港現已委任了競委會的首任委 這一定義很明顯也將獨營商戶、中小型 顯然，這必須有兩個或以上的業務實 香員，以及審裁處的主任法官和副 企業、合夥經營及有限公司包括在內。 體一起(或是作為同一個組織的成員)同 主任法官。然而，有關反競爭協議及濫 然而，幾乎可以肯定的是，這一定義也 意或執行某一項決定﹔又或是，它們必 用相當程度市場權勢的實體條文，至少 將一些慈善機構及行業協會包括在內。 須從事了經協調做法，而藉著其性質或 要到2014年底才開始實施。競委會現 作用，降低了香港的商品或服務市場的 另一個困難之處，是香港的競爭事務當 時必須開始招聘工作人員﹔另一方面， 競爭質素。然而，該法例並沒有就與行 局將會從甚麼觀點來闡釋《條例》。 該會的工作人員現時必須開始向公眾進 業協會的活動有關的「經協調做法」或 《條例》中的術語，主要是借鑒於英國 行諮詢，好讓各套《指引》於「第一行 「決定」提供任何定義。 和歐盟的競爭法。另一方面，《條例》 為守則」與「第二行為守則」生效前完 看來也取材自《2010年澳大利亞競爭 「第二行為守則」的用語—對濫用相當 成製訂。 與消費者法》中的若干部分及相關判例 程度市場權勢作出規管—也令企業及其 然而，律師事務所自身也需要提前作好 法。競委會所發出的《指引》，以及審 法律顧問面對潛在的困難。第21條訂 準備，以便為其客戶提供有關的專業意 裁處與香港上訴法庭所下達的裁決， 明，在市場中具有相當程度市場權勢的 見。競爭法運用了相當寬泛的語言，而 均需要建立其自身的與新法例有關的解 業務實體，不得濫用該權勢。該等濫用 對於並未專門研習過經濟學或競爭法的 釋、取向和法則。 的發生，可能是因為所從事的行為，其 律師及大律師來說，法例中的許多內容 目的或效果是妨礙、限制或扭曲在香港 由於香港經濟的性質及結構，與歐洲和 都是十分抽象和陌生的經濟概念。 的競爭。 澳大利亞的相當不同，因此外國經驗能 律師需要獲取新的技能，以便為其現有 夠為香港執業律師提供的直接指引，相 這項規定切實地反映了實行「相當程度 和新的客戶提供法律意見。我們會首先 信只會十分有限。香港就各套《指引》 市場權勢」標準的澳大利亞法例，而並 察看《條例》中的三處困難地方 – 「業 所進行的公眾諮詢，將可確保外國法例 非英國／歐盟的濫用「市場支配地位」 務實體」的定義過於廣泛﹔《條例》並 雖然會間接影響規管的條文及隨後的解 標準。這兩個概念都不容許市場出現濫 未就「第一行為守則」下的經協調做法 釋，但香港經濟的特質以及中港之間的 用行為—但前提是該業務實體須具有市 和其他做法提供定義，也未就「第二行 經濟關係，將會得到充分的考慮。 場權勢。至於具有相當程度市場權勢的 為守則」下的反競爭行為提供定義。 實體，其所作出的具侵略性（反﹖）競 畢竟，香港的各個法律、商業和消費範 爭行為，在甚麼時候會構成該權勢的濫 然後我們提出，競委會很可能會向情況 疇，會反映出各種潛在的獨特思想傾向 用，《條例》並沒有為界定該等情況發 特別嚴重的反競爭行為採取強硬態度 ( 和利益。解釋上的真空以及所牽涉的利 生的因素下定義。 至少在較長期如是)。最後，我們以論述 益範圍，促使需要對各項禁止條文作出 對香港企業及其法律顧問可能產生的影 不同的詮釋，而對於競委會(其作為相關 由於﹕草擬的法規所具有的特殊性質﹔ 響作結。 法例的唯一初始執行者)所選取的《指 該法規是以「競爭」及「市場」等經濟 引》草擬方式，以及對其隨後選擇的執 概念為基礎﹔以及它所包含的並非香港 《條例》中的三處潛在困難 法重點與首批調查目標，可能會造成相 律師所較為熟悉的純法律概念，因此就 《條例》同時適用於非牟利及牟利團 當大的不確定性。 該等實體性的禁止條文提供法律意見， 體 - 因此香港的各個實體需要格外警 確是甚具挑戰性。 「第一行為守則」的用語，給香港的法 惕。《條例》不僅適用於盈利性企業， 律顧問帶來潛在困難。「第一行為守 正如上述所討論的，該等即將面世以規 也適用於一定範圍的其他「業務實體」。 則（第6條）規定，如某協議、經協調 管該兩項「行為守則」的指引，可能需 《條例》訂明「業務實體」為： 做法或業務實體組織的決定的目的或 要以其他國家的理解作依據。然而，要 效果，是妨礙、限制或扭曲在香港的競 是我們採取「照單全收」的做法，這不 「指任何從事經濟活動的實體 爭，則任何業務實體﹕(a)不得訂立或執 一定會為香港帶來益處，因為本地市場 (不論其法定地位或獲取資金的 行該協議﹔(b)不得從事該經協調做法﹔ 的實際經濟情況，以及它與中國市場之 方式)，包括從事經濟活動的自 或(c)不得作為該組織的成員，作出或執 間的積極互動關係，形成與外國截然不 然人。 」 行該決定。 同的經濟條件，而此等現實情況，必須

40 www.hk-lawyer.org November 2013 • COMPETITION 競 爭

體現在該等即將發出的《指引》中，以 限。其他的懲罰方法，也可以包括交 強項，他們便應當與懂得處理此等問 便各項禁止條文得以付諸執行，並為本 出非法獲得的利潤、強制令或禁制令濟 題的經濟顧問專家攜手合作。此外， 地市場的競爭帶來實際效益。 助、裁定反競爭協議無效，以及取消涉 律師也應當有足夠的能力理解、運用 及反競爭行為之董事的資格。 及向當事人解釋該作為《條例》基礎 為反壟斷法的執行作好準備 的經濟概念。 此外，《條例》也訂明了若干有關抗辯 競委會將擁有針對香港常見的商業行為 及減輕處罰的因素，並允許參與同業聯 倘若法律執業者能多花時間充分了解有 之廣泛權力。根據《條例》，只有競 盟行為的當事人申請寬待。此外，它們 關的法例及相關的經濟概念，那麼《條 委會才有權強制執行其條文，但聲稱蒙 也可以藉向競委會承認自己曾參與同業 例》對於他們來說，應是意味著更多的 受損害的私人當事方，也可以提起「後 聯盟，並提供必要的證據來證明同業聯 機會，而非更大的難題。 續」訴訟。此外，競委會也有權豁免當 盟之存在及運作，從而免於受罰(但不能 事方遵從反競爭行為—它可由當事方自 法律執業者應當留意新法例的複雜性。 免於其後由私人提出的損害賠償申索)。 行申請豁除，或是該等反競爭行為符合 另一方面，他們也應當開展與該法例有 然而，競委會將如何施行這一項寬待政 各項預定條件。但幾乎可以肯定的是， 關的業務，將其作為一個潛在的、有利 策，同樣是難以確定﹔但從長遠來看， 競委會不會豁免嚴重的反競爭行為。事 可圖的新業務範疇。法律顧問需要透 其趨勢將會是朝向以更大的力度執法。 實上，競委會所可能主要針對的，就是 過深入理解有關的實體法，從而提升他 那些「死硬」同業聯盟協議。 們的整全技能：例如該等法例的邏輯依 新《競爭條例》會如何影響香港 據﹔為《條例》提供執法模式的國家之 香港的「死硬」同業聯盟協議，相當可 的商務？ 相類法律傳統﹔以及競委會與審裁處將 能地反映了許多目前已經訂立的協議。 預防勝於治療。法律執業者需要充分 會如何適用該等法例。 此等協議包括涉及以下內容的協議﹕(a) 了解以下各點﹕如何處理競委會的調 訂定、維持、增加或控制貨物或服務供 各方面的顧問—而不單是律師—都可以 查﹔如何就和解進行商議﹔以及某項 應的價格﹔(b)就貨品或服務的生產或 藉以下的舉措來提升價值﹕就客戶在其 寬待申請的提出是否適當。此等訴訟 提供，編配銷售額、區域、客戶或市 公司建立遏止反競爭行為的內部監控機 技能，將會對代表律師提供十分有用 場﹔(c)訂定、維持、控制、妨礙、限制 制提供意見，並將與競爭有關的內部審 的幫助。然而，代表律師若懂得如何 或消除貨品或服務的生產或提供﹔或(d) 核工作，納入每年的審核工作計劃內。 就新法例的遵守向當事人提供意見， 構成圍標。香港不同規模的企業，經常 情況將會更加理想。法律執業者應該 在未來的三至五年，香港需要就競爭事 會使用這各類商業協議。法律執業者應 知道如何向其當事人就管理層、員工 務進行新一輪的意見提供，從而使香港 當告知其當事人，此等做法很快將會成 及其他代理人之間所發生的反競爭行 的企業得悉這方面的最新發展。該等建 為不合法，而一旦被競委會發現，將會 為，提供進行防範的意見。倘若他們 議將包括﹕了解現行業務操作的競爭審 受到重罰。 能大大早於競委會作出關注之前，就 查﹔為較大型企業訂制合規計劃﹔以及 香港的企業應當慎防競委會的該等調查 如何設立內部監控機制從而偵測、預 由特許秘書公會等專業組織提供各項指 和制裁。競委會擁有調查和提出檢控 防和懲治反競爭行為，向其當事人提 引。此外，香港的各家大學及其他法律 的權力，並可以按權衡相對可能性的標 供意見，這也是理想不過的情況。 教育與培訓機構，也很可能會開設有關 準向審裁處舉證，證明存在違反法例的 競爭法與實務的新課程。 另一方面，律師也應當發揮他們的經 情況，從而施加處罰。在涉及嚴重違反 濟學潛能。他們可以不需知道如何計 在該等系列性的專業會議中，競爭法 「反壟斷規定」的情況中(例如同業聯盟 算濃度指數，評估單一供應商與生產 將可能會與打擊清洗黑錢及FATCA 行為)，違規者將會面對嚴厲的懲誡性處 商之間所訂立的合約中的「帕累托最 (《外國帳戶稅收遵從法》)等享有同一 罰，以期對其他人士產生阻嚇作用。 優結果」，以及知悉與市場價格有關 地位，作為該等會議的熱門課題﹔而有 有關懲罰，包括向違規者處以相當於該 的卡方統計量的p值，是否顯示反競爭 關競爭法的意見提供，毫無疑問會為服 公司在違反行為期間，每一年在香港 行為方面存在統計上的重大可能性。 務提供者及顧問們提供遠遠超出其所面 的營業額百分之十的罰款，並以三年為 然而，倘若經濟學並非法律執業者的 對之難題的莫大機遇。 n

www.hk-lawyer.org 41 • November 2013

HOW HYBRID INVESTMENTS ARE TAXED IN CHINA 中國對混合性投資 如何實行徵稅

By Doris Ho, Of Counsel DLA Piper Hong Kong Sandra Lu, Associate DLA Piper Hong Kong 作者 何慧珊律師 歐華律師事務所 陸屹律師 歐華律師事務所 葉煥信合夥人 高李嚴律師行 With the rapid development of financial transactions and innovative financial products in the PRC, hybrid investments, which normally have a dual nature of equity and debt investments, have become a popular investment vehicle used by many companies, such as trust companies, in recent years. Due however, to the mixed nature of such hybrid investments, local tax authorities frequently find it difficult to characterise such investments and might adopt different approaches towards the taxation of such investment income. The authors explore this further.

42 www.hk-lawyer.org November 2013 • ON CHINA 中 國 實 務

xamples of popular hybrid have ownership of the net assets of the Einvestments include preferred stocks investee; and convertible bonds from which periodic 4. the investor does not have a right to fixed interests or profits would be derived. vote or to stand for election; and According to the tax laws and regulations 5. the investor does not participate in the in China, interest income is subject to investee company’s daily operational Enterprise Income Tax (“EIT”) while activities. dividends received by a Chinese resident enterprise from another resident enterprise Explanatory notes (for example, its domestic subsidiary) Furthermore, the SAT released explanatory are exempted from EIT. However, due to notes to the Announcement on 29 July the mixed nature of hybrid investments, 2013 to provide more detailed guidance. local tax authorities frequently stumble The explanatory notes further elaborate into uncertainty when dealing with such the five conditions as follows: investment income. 1. For Condition 1, “regular interest To streamline tax practices at local levels payments” means the returns of the and provide clear guidance on this issue, hybrid investment are not: the State Administration of Taxation (“SAT”) of China issued the Announcement • conditional on the business on the Enterprise Income Tax Treatment for performance of the investee; Enterprises Engaged in Hybrid Investments • distributed based on investment (SAT Announcement [2013] No. 41, achievements; and the “Announcement”) on 15 July 2013. • calculated based on the investor’s The Announcement, effective from 1 proportion of shares in the investee. September 2013, provides guidance on the EIT treatment of income derived from 2. For Condition 2, regardless of whether hybrid investments. the investment period has expired, if the specific conditions for the redemption or The Announcement provides that income repayment as agreed in the investment derived from hybrid investments which contract/agreement are fulfilled, the fulfill all of the following five conditions investee must redeem the investment will be treated as interest income and or repay the principal. In addition, subjected to EIT: the redemption of the investment or 1. the enterprise receiving the hybrid the repayment of the principal will be REUTERS/Aly Song investments (the investee) must make treated as a capital reduction of the Two men talking on the Bund near the regular interest payments (including investee. Huangpu River ,infront of the financial district minimum interests, fixed profits or fixed 3. For Condition 3, where the investee of Pudong in Shanghai. dividends) as agreed in the investment 兩名商人在上海浦東金融區附近的黃浦江外 must liquidate due to cessation of 灘前面。 contract/agreement; business operations, repayment of the 2. there is a clearly-defined investment investor’s investment will be treated as period or specific investment conditions. creditor’s rights and have the priority Once the term of investment expires status as debts. However, the investor or specific investment conditions are should not have ownership of the met, the investee must redeem the investee’s net assets in proportion to its investment at the price agreed in the investment percentage. investment contract/agreement or 4. Condition 4 means that when electing repay the principal; the members of the board of directors or 3. the enterprise making hybrid supervisors, the investor cannot exercise investment (the investor) does not voting right or be elected as a result of

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the investor’s proportionate share in the investee. 5. For Condition 5, though the investor does not participate in the investee’s daily operations, it may supervise the use of the funds invested if the usage of such funds is specified in the agreement.

The Announcement stipulates that income from hybrid investments that fulfill the abovementioned five conditions will be treated as interests and therefore taxable to the investor, and accordingly, the investee may claim interest deductions before tax. For redemption of investments by the investee, both the investee and the investor will, at the time of redemption, recognise the difference between the redemption price and the investment cost as debt restructuring gain or loss.

Since the Announcement will not apply retroactively, for tax treatments of those hybrid investments which have already been determined by the local tax bureau by 1 September 2013, they will not be further assessed under the Announcement.

Significant impact The Announcement, which disallows fixed income from hybrid investments to be 隨著金融工具交易及創新金融產品在中國的快速發 treated as EIT-exempt dividends, will have 展，通常兼具權益性投資和債權性投資這雙重特徵的 a significant impact on a large number of hybrid investments, especially those with 混合性投資，在近年已成為許多企業(例如信託公司)所 guaranteed minimum returns. Chinese 廣泛運用的一種投資工具。然而，基於此等混合性投 enterprises will pay great attention to the new rule when investing in hybrid financial 資所具的混合性質，地方稅務機關因此常常難以對該 products. 其作出準確的界定，因而導致不同的地方稅務機關， Last but not least, according to the 可能會採取不同的辦法來對該等投資收益實行徵稅。 business tax laws and regulations, interest income of a Chinese enterprise is subject 本文作者進一步探討這方面的問題。 to business tax while dividends derived by a Chinese resident enterprise from another resident enterprise are not. Though the 前廣泛流行的混合性投資，其 從另一個居民企業（例如﹕其本地子公 Announcement is focused on EIT issues 目例子包括投資企業可定期獲取 司）所獲取的股息，則可免徵企業所得 and does not cover business tax, we have 固定利息或固定利潤的優先股和可換 稅。然而，基於混合性投資所具有的混 reason to believe that the income being 股債券。 合性質，地方稅務機關在處理該等投資 treated as interests and subject to EIT 收益時，經常會陷入模棱兩可的不確定 under the Announcement should also be 根據中國的稅法及法規，利息收入需 境況中。 subject to business tax in China. n 要繳納企業所得稅，而中國居民企業

44 www.hk-lawyer.org November 2013 • ON CHINA 中 國 實 務

資條件。一旦投資期限屆滿或特定投 業不能按其在被投資企業中的持股比 資條件得到滿足，被投資企業便必須 例行使表決權或當選成為董事會或監 按投資合同／協議所約定的價格贖回 事會的成員。 投資或償還本金﹔ 5. 關於第五項條件，投資企業雖然並不 3. 進行混合性投資的企業（投資企業） 參與被投資企業的日常生產經營活 對被投資企業的淨資產不擁有所有 動，但是協議中如果指明了投資金額 權﹔ 的專門用途，則投資企業可以監督該

4. 投資企業不具有選舉權或被選舉權﹔ 等資金的運用情況。 及 《公告》規定，滿足上述五項條件的混 5. 投資企業不參與被投資企業的日常生 合性投資，其收益將被視作利息收入， 產經營活動。 並因此應向投資企業徵收稅款，而被 投資企業可據此要求享有稅前的利息扣 解讀說明 除。被投資企業倘須贖回投資，投資企

此外，國家稅務總局於2013年7月29日 業與被投資企業在贖回投資的當時，都 發出了《公告》的解讀說明，以提供更 應確認贖回價與投資成本之間的差額， 詳盡的相關指引。解讀說明就上述五項 須視被作債務重組之收益或損失。 條件進一步作出闡述如下： 由於《公告》並不溯及既往，因此已由

1. 關於第一項條件，「定期利息支付」 地方稅務機關於2013年9月1日或以前作 意謂該等混合性投資所取得的回報並 出稅務處理的混合性投資，將不會根據 不﹕ 《公告》實行進一步評核。

• 與被投資企業的經營業績掛鉤﹔ 顯著的影響 • 按企業的投資效益進行分配﹔及 REUTERS/Claro Cortes IV 《公告》並不允許將源自混合性投資 • 按投資企業在被投資企業中所持有 的固定收益，視作免徵企業所得稅的股 為了簡化地方稅務機關的稅務操作，並 的股份份額來計算。 息，而此舉對於許多混合性投資業務（ 就這一問題提供明確的指引，國家稅務 2. 關於第二項條件，無論投資期限是 尤其是該等提供最低回報保證的業務） 總局於2013年7月15日發出了《國家稅 否已經屆滿，只要投資合同／協議 將會產生顯著的影響。中國企業在投資 務總局關於企業混合性投資業務企業所 所約定的關於贖回投資或償還本金 於混合性金融產品時，將會密切留意這 得稅處理問題的公告》(「國家稅務總局 的特定條件得到履行，被投資企業 項新規則的發展。 公告2013年第41號」，以下簡稱《公 便必須贖回投資或償還本金。此 最後，但也同樣重要的一點是，根據營 告》)。《公告》於2013年9月1日起實 外，被投資企業贖回投資或償還本 業稅的法律、法規，中國企業的利息收 施，就混合性投資業務的收益提供企業 金均視作減資處理。 入需要繳納營業稅，但中國居民企業從 所得稅的稅務處理指引。 3. 關於第三項條件，被投資企業如果終 另一家居民企業所取得的股息，則無需 《公告》訂明，符合下列五項條件的混 止其生產經營活動而需要進行清算， 繳納這一稅項。《公告》的焦點雖然是 合性投資，其收益將被視作利息收入而 投資企業的投資額將視作債權人權利 集中在企業所得稅的問題上，並不包含 須繳納企業所得稅： 而獲得償還，而其投資額將視作債務 營業稅在內，但我們有理由相信，根據 1. 接受混合性投資的企業（被投資企 而獲得優先清償。然而，投資企業不 《公告》而被視作利息，並須繳納企業 業）必須按投資合同／協議所約定的 能按其投資份額而對被投資企業的淨 所得稅的投資收益，在中國也將會被課 利率定期支付利息（包括保底利息、 資產擁有所有權。 徵營業稅。 n 固定利潤或固定股息）﹔ 4. 第四項條件意指當被投資企業進行董 2. 具有明確規定的投資期限或特定的投 事會、監事會成員的選舉時，投資企

www.hk-lawyer.org 45 • November 2013 SOUND INTERFERENCE FOUND TO BE BATTERY – Is the Judgment Sound? (Part 1)

Another protester facing off with police during this year's 1 July demonstrations to demand universal suffrage. 另一示威者在今年7月1日的要求普選示威與警方對峙。 REUTERS/Tyrone Siu 法庭裁定聲音干擾構成毆打 — 這判決是否合理？(第一部分)

By Eric TM Cheung, Principal Lecturer and Director of Clinical Legal Education Faculty of Law, The University of Hong Kong Jacqueline Law, Pupil Barrister Sackville Leung, Juris Doctor Student Faculty of Law, The University of Hong Kong 作者 張達明教授，首席講師兼臨床法律教育課程總監 香港大學法律學院 羅凱文實習大律師 梁奭暐法律博士學生 香港大學法律學院

Can whistling at someone’s ear amount to battery? This was answered in the affirmative in a recent magistracy appeal in HKSAR v Ki Chun Kei, HCMA 273/2013 (unreported, 16 September 2013). The authors submit in this two-parter that this decision is wrong in principle, and, if not corrected by higher courts, may have far-reaching and unintended legal consequences.

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he term “assault” is frequently used affirming the magistrate’s decision on area here and there are no decided cases Tto include both an assault and a battery was very brief (see paragraph to assist on this issue.” Hence, Fung J battery. An assault is any act by which 15 of the judgment). It is apparent that should have been wary of treating Tong a person intentionally or recklessly Fung J simply assumed without any J’s views in Leung Chun Wai Sunny as a causes another to apprehend immediate legal analysis that Leung Chun Wai settled authority on the issue without and unlawful personal violence, while Sunny was a settled and good authority proper legal analysis, let alone further a battery is an act by which a person for establishing that using sound wave expanding its application from a case intentionally or recklessly applies to interfere with a person’s hearing which “simply concerned with the effect unlawful force to another (See sub- amounts to physical contact capable of unnatural, amplified sound” by a sections 20-162 and 20-163 of Archbold of being a battery. His Lordship then loudhailer (paragraph 25) to sound Hong Kong 2013). jumped to the conclusion that even interference in the form of whistling though no tool such as a whistle or through fingers without the use of any The decision in Ki Chun Kei loudhailer was used, the CCTV evidence tools or amplifying devices. Ki Chun Kei, a construction worker, was showed that Ki’s whistling through his found guilty upon trial by a magistrate of fingers was loud and high-pitched, Looking deeper into Tong J’s three counts of assaulting police officers and hence the magistrate did not err in reasoning in the due execution of their duty, holding that it constituted a battery. More importantly, a closer examination contrary to Section 36(b) of the Offences of Tong J’s reasoning in Leung Chun Wai Is Fung J correct? Against the Person Ordinance (Cap. Sunny shows that his views were reached 212), by whistling at them through his on the basis of certain misunderstanding The decision in Leung Chun fingers during the annual July 1 protest of some relevant authorities, with Wai Sunny march in 2012. The magistrate rejected questionable logic and confusion in It should be noted at the outset that Ki’s testimony that he was unaware of some basic concepts of law. the presence of the police officers nearby in Leung Chun Wai Sunny Tong J in Tong J correctly stated that: when he whistled. fact quashed Leung’s conviction of assaulting the police officer in the due “…the essence of battery is physical The magistrate relied on HKSAR v Leung execution of his duty by shouting at him contact, direct or indirect, between Chun Wai Sunny [2004] 1 HKC 239 via a loudhailer. Tong J held that the the defendant and the victim where Justice Tong took the view that conviction was unsafe and unsatisfactory (Offences Against The Person, even though physical contact remained because the magistrate in his oral Stone, at page 110). The case of an essential ingredient of a battery, verdict convicted Leung of assault in the DPP v. K [1990] 1 All ER 331 has using a loudhailer to create amplified sense of battery, but later in his written decided that a battery can be sound wave which interfered with one’s 法庭裁定聲音干擾構成毆打 — Statement of Findings shifted the basis committed through an indirect hearing could amount to an indirect of conviction to an assault based on contact between the victim and contact, and so would constitute assault apprehension of immediate personal the defendant, but physical in the form of a battery if it exceeded violence. Hence, it was strictly speaking contact remains to be an essential generally accepted standards of unnecessary for Tong J to decide whether element for the offence of battery.” conduct. The magistrate then found as a sound interference without bodily (paragraph 22) fact that Ki deliberately whistled loudly contact could amount to a battery. It is towards the police officers at close range also understandable why there was no Hence, the key issue is whether sound without any reasonable excuse thereby further appeal against Tong J’s views interference could have amounted to causing them physical discomfort. Such that: direct or indirect physical contact. conduct exceeded generally accepted Tong J recognised that the comments standards of conduct and so amounted “when a loudhailer is used as an by Lord Slynn of Hadley and Lord Hope to a battery. The magistrate eventually implement to send out amplified of Craighead in R v Ireland and Burstow sentenced Ki to six weeks’ imprisonment, sound at close range of someone’s [1998] AC 147 seemed to support Leung’s but granted him bail pending appeal. ear without the consent of that person, it must be battery”. argument that there was no battery, In the appeal, Ki acted in person without (paragraph 27) because there was no physical contact. any legal representation, and Justice In Ireland, a person who made silent Fung upheld both his conviction and Moreover, even Tong J acknowledged phone calls which caused the receiver sentence. The reason given by Fung J in that he was “moving into an uncertain to have a condition of psychiatric illness

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was held by the House of Lords to be “Glidewell LJ made the obiter Lordship did not actually give any capable of committing the apprehension comment that he thought setting positive endorsement to the plaintiff’s sense of assault, but not battery. It off a camera flash-bulb may be argument that the flashing of light could is however puzzling that Tong J then a battery where a bright light is amount to a battery, even if injuries referred to a commentator’s view in an deliberately shone into another’s were resulted. In any event, it is trite law academic article (Article entitled Assault eyes and injures his sight.” that the existence of injury is never a in Crim. LR 1997, Jun, 434-436) to (paragraph 26) pre-condition to battery, as battery and question the logic of the House of Lords’ trespass are actionable per se. Therefore, decision. Tong J seemed to prefer the With respect, Tong J seemed to be it seems that adding the qualification of commentator’s view, and stated: reading Glidewell LJ’s comments out of the existence of damage or injury goes context. Kaye was a civil case concerning against the established principle. “If the commentator’s view was to an application for an injunction against be preferred, then even silent calls, the defendant reporters who interviewed Tong J acknowledged that there was with no contact between the victim and took photographs of an injured no decided case in support of his views, and the defendant, could constitute plaintiff, and the plaintiff’s application and so at the end His Lordship resorted a battery especially when there was was allowed on the basis of malicious primarily to “common sense”. Tong J said actual injury.” (paragraph 25) falsehood. Hence, Glidewell LJ made at paragraph 27: clear at the outset that it was strictly It is unfortunate that Tong J was “But surely, as a matter of common unnecessary to consider the cause of apparently unaware that the subject sense, we do feel heat, see light action based on trespass to person in academic article was a Case Comment and hear sound. These forms the form of a battery. on the Court of Appeal’s decision in of energy must be constantly Ireland, and was written before the Glidewell LJ then highlighted that touching us, through our different House of Lords’ decision. Indeed, the counsel for the injured plaintiff “could organs. Of course, I agree with commentator’s view clearly went against not refer us to any authority in which the Mr Lee that if we take this to the established principles and was rejected taking of a photograph or indeed the extreme, then a person can commit by the House of Lords. As commented by flashing of a light had been held to be battery by talking to another, and Lord Slynn of Hadley: a battery.” His Lordship, for the sake of a lawyer might commit the offence argument, then said: of battery when addressing the “One point can be disposed of, court. But we are not talking about quite briefly. The Court of Appeal “Nevertheless I am prepared to normal impact of sound. There was not asked to consider whether accept that it may well be the case must be an implied consent in silent telephone calls resulting that if a bright light is deliberately the ordinary normal situation for in psychiatric injury is capable shone into another person’s eyes us to be “touched” by the sound of constituting a battery. But and injures his sight, or damages from people talking to us. We encouraged by some academic him in some other way, this may be have to accept that as a part of comment it was raised before your in law a battery.” our everyday living. However, Lordships’ House. Counsel for would we consent to be “touched” Ireland was most economical in his His Lordship then immediately disposed of the argument by saying that: by amplified sound when the argument on the point. I will try to loudhailer is being placed next match his economy of words. In my “But in my view the necessary to our ear? The answer must be view it is not feasible to enlarge the effects are not established by the no, unless in some idiosyncratic generally accepted legal meaning evidence in this case. Though there situations. I would conclude that of what is a battery to include the must have been an obvious risk when a loudhailer is used as an circumstances of a silent caller who that any disturbance to Mr. Kaye implement to send out amplified causes psychiatric injury.” (at page would set back his recovery, there sound at close range of someone’s 161). is no evidence that the taking of the ear without the consent of that photographs did in fact cause him Tong J further drew support from the person, it must be battery.” n any damage.” case of Kaye v Robertson (1991) FSR 62 on the basis that: Hence, reading Glidewell LJ’s obiter To be concluded in next month’s Hong Kong Lawyer comments in proper context, His

48 www.hk-lawyer.org November 2013 • CRIMINAL 刑 事

假如一個人在另一人的耳邊大聲吹口哨，但彼此間並沒有任何身體接觸，此等行為是 否會構成毆打呢？在近期的一宗裁判法院上訴案件HKSAR v Ki Chun Kei (紀鎮基), HCMA 273/2013 (unreported, 16 September 2013)中，其所給予的答案是肯定的。 作者在這篇分兩期刊登的文章中，認為法庭所作出的有關裁決是在原則上犯錯﹔並 且，上級法院若不加以糾正，將有可能產生深遠和意想不到的法律後果。

攻擊」一詞的含意，通常包括攻擊和 Sunny一案是已經得到確立和有效的典 「如有人在未獲得他人同意的情況下， 毆打。襲擊是指任何人蓄意或罔顧後果 據，確定了利用聲波來侵擾他人的聽覺乃 將揚聲器放在距離該人的耳朵非常接近 地，導致他人意恐有即時及非法的人身暴 視同身體接觸，可以構成毆打罪名。馮驊 的地方，並釋出放大了的聲響，這必然 力行為發生﹔毆打是指任何人蓄意或罔顧 法官於是遽然作出結論，指紀鎮基即使並 構成毆打。」(第27段) 後果地，向他人使用非法武力的行為（參 沒有使用諸如哨子或揚聲器等工具，但根 此外，即使是湯寶臣法官自己也承認，他 見Archbold Hong Kong 2013 第20-162 據閉路電視所提供的證據，顯示他曾將手 「進入了一個不確定的領域，而在這一問 節及第20-163節）。 指放在口中當作哨子，並發出響亮而剌耳 題上，並沒有任何已裁決的案件可供他作 的聲響，故裁判官裁定他的行為構成毆打 參考。」因此，對於馮驊法官在沒有進行 「紀鎮基」一案的裁決 並無犯錯。 適當法律分析的情況下，將湯寶臣法官在 紀鎮基是一名建築工人，被控在2012年 馮驊法官的裁決是否正確？ Leung Chun Wai Sunny 一案中的觀點， 於該每年7月1日舉行的遊行抗議中，將手 視作有關該爭議點的已確立典據，馮驊法 指放進自己的口，向著在正當執行職務的 Leung Chun Wai Sunny 一案 官理應對此有所警覺，更遑論是將「僅與 警務人員大聲吹口哨，觸反《侵害人身條 的裁決 一個揚聲器所產生的不自然和放大了的 例》(第212章)第36(b)條下的罪行，經裁 我們一開始便應該注意到，湯寶臣法官在 聲響效果有關」（第25段）的案件，進 判官審訊後，裁定三項襲警罪名成立。裁 Leung Chun Wai Sunny 一案中，實際上 一步延伸至適用於將手指放入口中作為哨 判官拒絕接納紀鎮基的證供，指當他吹口 是將Leung的定罪撤銷。Leung被指以揚 子，以進行聲響的傳達，但並未使用任何 哨時，並不知悉有警務人員在他身旁。 聲器向一名在正當執行職務的警務人員大 工具或擴音設備的案件。 裁判官以 Leung Chun Wai Sunny [2004] 聲呼喊，從而構成向該名警務人員施襲。 1 HKC 239一案作為依據，而湯寶臣法官 湯寶臣法官裁定該項定罪屬不穩妥和不能 在該案中認為，儘管身體接觸依然是毆打 令人滿意，因為裁 判官在其 的一項必不可少元素，但使用揚聲器來將 口頭裁決中，裁 定Leung 聲波放大，對他人的聽覺造成侵擾，這可 基於毆打而導 致的 能構成間接的身體接觸，而假如超出了 襲擊罪名成 普遍接受的行為準則，將會構成毆打形式 立，但裁判 的攻擊。裁判官繼而裁定，紀鎮基根據案 官其後在他 情是在沒有任何合理辯解的情況下，蓄意 的「裁斷陳述 於近距離向著警務人員大聲吹口哨，使他 書」中，將有關的 們身體感到不適，而此等行為是超出了普 定罪基礎改為﹕令 遍接受的行為準則，因而構成毆打罪。最 他人意恐有即時的 後，裁判官判處紀鎮基入獄六個星期，但 人身暴力發生，因 批准他保釋等候上訴。 而構成攻擊。所以嚴 紀鎮基在上訴過程中自己親自出庭，並無 格說來，湯寶臣法官並 任何法律代表，而馮驊法官則維持裁判官 沒有必要裁定沒有身體接觸而 原來的定罪和判刑。在確認裁判官就毆 進行的聲響傳達，是否足以 打罪所作的裁決時，馮驊法官所提供的理 構成毆打。故此我們可以理 由非常簡短（參見該判決第15段）。馮 解，為何並沒有人就湯寶臣法 驊法官看來是在沒有進行任何法律分析的 官所作出的下述評論再度提出 情況下，便簡單地假定Leung Chun Wai 上訴：

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更深入地查看湯寶臣法官的理據 確立的原則相違背，而上議院也拒絕對其 「但在我看來，根據本案所提出的證 據，我們無法證實曾有此等必須的影響 更重要的一點，是當我們對湯寶臣法官 採納。正如Lord Slynn of Hadley的評論 產生。無可否認，本案確曾存在這樣的 在 Leung Chun Wai Sunny一案中的理 所指出的： 「有一點是可以相當簡單地處理的。上 明顯風險，即是，對Mr. Kaye所造成的任 據進行更仔細的查看後，發現他所達至的 訴法院並沒有被要求考慮該等造成精神 何侵擾，都會延緩他的身體復原﹔然而 觀點，是基於他對若干相關典據的一些誤 傷害的默不作聲電話，是否足以構成毆 並沒有證據證明，拍照確曾給他造成任 解，而在一些基本的法律概念上，當中也 打罪。但是，由於受到一些學術性評論 何損害。」 存在邏輯成疑及令人混淆的地方。 所激發，我才在上議院的各位法官席前 因此，在閱讀了Glidewell LJ於適當語境 湯寶臣法官正確地指出： 將此提出。Ireland的代表律師就這一點 中的附帶意見評論後，法官對原告人所提 所提出的論證是極為簡潔的，我會有如 「毆打的本質，是被告人與受害者之 出的，發出閃光燈的強光也可以構成毆打 間的直接或間接身體接觸(Offences 他般在措詞上盡量精簡。依我看來，將 的論點，實際上並沒有給予正面的認可( Against The Person, Stone, at page 毆打在法律上獲普遍接受的意思，擴大 即使是曾導致他人受傷)。無論怎樣，向 110)。DPP v. K [1990] 1 All ER 331 至包括該些給他人造成精神傷害的無言 來的情況是，傷害的造成，從來並非毆打 一案裁定，毆打是可以通過受害者與被 來電者，這做法並不可行。」(第161頁) 罪的指控是否能成立的先決條件，因為毆 告人之間的間接接觸而干犯的，但對於 湯寶臣法官進一步嘗試從 Kaye v 打與侵害行為二者，其本身都可以作為提 毆打罪而言，身體接觸依然是一項必不 Robertson (1991) FSR 62一案中，取得 起法律訴訟的依據。由此看來，加入了造 可少的元素。」(第22段) 支持他論點的理據，而其依據是： 成損害或傷害等條件限制，與已確立的原 因此，關鍵的問題是﹕聲響傳達是否構成 「Glidewell LJ在其附帶意見中作出評 則是有所不符的。 直接或間接的身體接觸。 論稱，假如有人按下照相機的閃光燈， 湯寶臣法官承認，他的觀點並未獲得任何 湯寶臣法官承認，Lord Slynn of Hadley 及 蓄意將強光照射進他人的眼球內，從而 已裁決的案件支持。所以到了最後，他主 損害該人的視力，這可以構成毆打。」 Lord Hope of Craighead在R v Ireland and 要還是訴諸於「常識」。湯寶臣法官在第 Burstow [1998] AC 147一案中所作出 (第26段) 27段稱： 的評論，看來是支持Leung的論點稱，由 恕我直言，湯寶臣法官在閱讀Glidewell 「但可以肯定的一點是，作為一般常 於在他們彼此之間並無任何身體接觸，因 LJ的該篇評論時，似乎是有點兒斷章取 識，我們的確感受到熱力，見到光線， 此也從沒毆打發生。在Ireland一案中，由 義。Kaye是一宗有關申請禁制令的民事 以及聽到聲響。這各種形式的能量，必 於有人常打出默不作聲的電話，導致接聽 案件，對象是一名記者，亦即案中的被 然是通過我們的各個不同器官來與我們 者彌患某種精神病症，上議院因而裁定， 告人，他採訪受了傷的原告人，並為其 作恆常性的接觸。當然，我同意Mr Lee 這可以構成被告人觸犯了疑懼感覺上的襲 拍照﹔而原告人的申請，是以惡意虛假 的說法，即是﹕如果要將話說到極點， 擊，但卻並非毆打。但令人費解的是，湯 作為理由，並最後獲得法院的接納。因 那麼一個人與另一個人談話，也有可能 寶臣法官其後提述一名評論員在一篇學術 此，Glidewell LJ從一開始便明確指出， 會構成毆打﹔而律師在向法庭陳詞時， 性文章上所載的觀點（該篇題為Assault 考慮該因毆打而對他人造成侵害的訴訟因 也有可能會觸犯毆打罪。但我們目前所 說的，並非正常的聲音影響。在一般和 的文章，載於Crim. LR 1997, Jun, 434- 由，事實上是完全沒必要的。 436），當中對上議院下達的裁決所依據 正常情況下，與我們說話的人，如果其 Glidewell LJ接著強調稱，該受了傷的 的邏輯提出質疑。湯寶臣法官似乎認同該 聲音要「觸碰」我們，當中必須存在隱 原告人，其代表律師「無法向我們舉出 名評論員的觀點，並指出： 含的同意。我們必須接受，這是我們日 任何典據，證明拍照或發出閃光燈的強 常生活的其中一部分。然而，假如有人 「如果該名評論員的觀點是可取的話， 光，曾經被法庭裁定為可構成毆打。」 將揚聲器放在我們耳旁，那麼，我們是 那麼即使受害者與被告人之間並無任何 Glidewell LJ為了闡明其論據，於是接著 否會同意被擴大了的聲響所「觸碰」 接觸，但默不作聲的電話依然可以構成 稱： 呢？除非是在一些獨特的情況下，否則 毆打，尤其是當有人實際蒙受傷害的 答案必然是否定的。因此我的結論是﹕ 話。」 (第25段) 「然而，倘若有人蓄意將強光照射進另 若有人在未獲他人同意的情況下，將 一個人的眼睛並傷害他的視力，或是在 揚聲器放在與該人的耳朵十分接近的位 不幸的是，湯寶臣法官顯然並沒有留意 其他方面給該人造成損害，我同意此等 置，並釋出擴大了的聲音，此等情況必 到，這一篇學術性文章其實是就上訴法院 行為在法律上可能構成毆打。」 然構成毆打。」 n 對Ireland一案所作之裁決的「案例評論」 Glidewell LJ接著即時回應這一論點，並 ，而且是在上議院下達有關裁決之前已經 稱： 待續，本文第二部分將在本刊下期刊登 成文。事實上，該評論員的觀點顯然與已

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INDUSTRY INSIGHTS 業 界 透 視

Aviation 航空 As a result, it insists that it meets Hong Cathay-Qantas spat could Kong’s requirements clear the legal air to obtain a licence. A dispute between Cathay Pacific and Cathay maintains that Qantas Airways could clear up Hong ultimate decision- Kong’s fuzzy rules on airline ownership, making authority over Reuters Breakingviews reported last the airline rests with 不論勝負屬誰，釐清相關法律的含糊之處 month. The city’s dominant operator is Qantas. Public filings with Australian 對香港而言仍屬好事。 challenging its Australian rival’s plan regulators from last year offer some support for this view: documents to set up a budget carrier. The stakes 國際間大部分國家皆堅持航空公司須由 are high: a Qantas victory could spark a refer to a “Jetstar Pan Asian Strategy” 一家本地公司持有多數股權。但香港 scramble by others to establish a local coordinated from Australia. 《基本法》只列明本地航空公司必須以 base. But no matter who wins, Hong Whatever the Hong Kong government 香港作為「主要營業地」。由於「主要 Kong should benefit from greater legal decides, it will probably be challenged 營業地」的定義不明確，促使澳航於去 clarity. in court by Qantas or Cathay. That 年夥同中國東方航空在香港成立其廉價 Most countries insist that airlines are will further prolong the dispute. In the majority-owned by a domestic company. long run, however, greater legal clarity 航空捷星的分公司。 But Hong Kong’s Basic Law merely over Hong Kong’s airline ownership rules 面對本地競爭對手的反對，澳航和中國 states that local carriers have their would probably be a good thing. 東航在本年6月引入了一名本地投資者， “principal place of business” in the - Reuters News city. The ambiguity of this phrase 就是澳門博彩業大亨何鴻燊旗下的信德 encouraged Qantas to last year set up a 集團。此外，捷星香港還聘請了一名港 Hong Kong branch of its Jetstar budget 國泰澳航之爭有望釐清航空 人為行政總裁，而其董事局的七名成員 airline, in partnership with China Eastern 方面的法律問題 中，有五名為香港永久居民。因此，捷 Airlines. 據路透社Breakingviews上月報道，國泰 星香港堅持他們已符合獲批牌照的相關 Faced with local opposition, Qantas 航空與澳洲航空之間的爭議，有望釐清香 香港規定。 and China Eastern in June took on a 港在航空公司擁有權方面的含糊規定。作 local investor - Macau gambling mogul 國泰則認為，捷星香港的最終決策權在 Stanley Ho’s Shun Tak Holdings. Jetstar 為香港主要航空營運商的國泰，力阻對手 澳航手中。去年捷星向澳洲監管機構提 Hong Kong has also hired a local CEO 澳航在港設立廉價航空的計劃。這次押下 交的文件就提到一項由澳洲協調的「捷 and boasts five permanent residents 的賭注相當高，倘若澳航勝出，可能會觸 星泛亞洲策略」，這為國泰的觀點提供 of the city on its seven-member board. 發其他航空公司爭相在本港建立基地。但 了一些支持。

52 www.hk-lawyer.org November 2013 • INDUSTRY INSIGHTS 業 界 透 視

無論港府有何決定，澳航或國泰很可能 prejudicial to the defendant, as the 至11A條規則，訴訟一方有權查閱在狀 會入稟法庭質疑有關決定，令爭議一再 plaintiff would gain a tactical advantage 書或誓章中所「提述」的文件及獲得該 拖延。不過，長遠而言，釐清法律上香 if it became aware of the coverage limit 文件的副本。然而，若法庭認為該文件 under the policy. 港航空公司擁有權規定中的含糊之處份 並無關聯，又或者下令交出該文件並不 屬好事。 The plaintiff appealed to the Court of 公平，則法庭可拒絕作出查閱令。 Appeal. That appeal was dismissed. - 路透社新聞 簡言之，原告人公司（清盤中）向被告 In short, the Court of Appeal noted 人提起訴訟。原告人與若干非訴訟一方 that O.24, r.13 conferred on the court a broad and unfettered discretion 人士達成和解，並按法庭命令向被告人 Civil Procedure 民事訴訟程序 to consider whether production was 披露和解協議，但該命令設有條件，就 necessary for fair disposal of the cause 是只有特定人士可審閱有關文件。被告 No disclosure of or matter or saving costs. This included 人向法庭申請把其保險公司列入可查閱 insurance policy but consideration of the degree of relevance 和解協議人士的名單中。她在支持該申 and importance of the document and beware 請的誓章中，提述到該保單。 the context of the application. The In Moulin Global Eyecare Holdings advantages and disadvantages of 原告人於是提出申請，要求法庭下令被 Limited (in liq) v Olivia Lee [2013] 3 ordering production were also relevant 告人披露該保單。 HKLRD 72, the Court of Appeal refused to the question of “fairness”. to order inspection of an insurance 初審時，法庭拒絕作出交出該保單的命 The Court of Appeal concluded that policy (“the policy”) referred to in an 令，理由是: (i)該保單並無關聯；(ii)原告 disclosure of the policy would provide affidavit filed on behalf of the defendant. the plaintiff with “a windfall and 人如得悉該保單的承保上限，便可獲得 The Rules of the High Court Order 24, manifest advantage”. 戰術上的優勢，因此交出該保單會對被 Rules 10-11A (“RHC O.24, rr.10-11A”) The case serves as a reminder for parties 告人造成損害。 allow a party to inspect and obtain to consider carefully what documents copies of a document “referred to” in 原告人向上訴法庭提出上訴，但遭駁回。 they refer to in (among other things) pleadings or affidavits. However, the their pleadings and affidavits. Failure 簡言之，上訴法庭指出，第24號命令第 court can still refuse inspection if the to do so risks having to give “early” 13條規則賦予法庭寛鬆而不受約束的酌 document is irrelevant or it would be disclosure, which could be strategically unfair to order its production. 情權，去考慮就訟案或事宜作公平處置 damaging. As the Court of Appeal 或就節省訟費而言，交出有關文件是否 In brief, the plaintiff company (in noted, generally speaking a party who 有必要的。考慮的事宜包括文件的相關 liquidation) commenced proceedings refers to a document in a pleading or an against the defendant. Settlements affidavit would normally be required to 和重要程度及申請的內容。下令交出文 reached between the plaintiff and give inspection of it. 件的利弊亦跟「公平」問題有關。 certain non-parties were disclosed to the 上訴法庭的結論是，披露該保單會令原 defendant pursuant to a court order, but - David Smyth, Senior Partner, subject to conditions as to the persons Smyth & Co in association with 告人獲得「意外且明顯的優勢」。 RPC allowed to review the documents 此案可提醒訴訟各方要謹慎考慮應在狀 concerned. The defendant applied to 書或誓章等提述那些文件，否則可能需 expand the parties entitled to access the 雖無須披露保單，仍應慎 settlement agreements to include her 待之 要「提早」作出披露，令策略遭破壞。 insurer. In doing so, she referred to the 正如上訴法庭指出，一般來說，在狀書 policy in her supporting affidavit. 在 Moulin Global Eyecare Holdings 或誓章中提述任何文件的一方，通常需 Limited (in liq) v Olivia Lee [2013] The plaintiff applied for an order that 要交出該文件以供查閱。 the defendant disclose the policy. 3 HKLRD 72 一案，上訴法庭拒絕就一 份在代表被告人呈交的誓章中所提述的 - 施德偉高級合夥人， At first instance the court declined to Smyth & Co 與RPC聯營 order production because: (i) it was 保險單(下稱「該保單」)作出查閱令。 irrelevant; (ii) production would be 根據《高等法院規則》第24號命令第10

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Video testimony and “doctors’ notes” A number of recent court decisions have considered applications for witness testimony to be given by video link (“video”) at civil trials. The basis for these applications has been that the witnesses are residing overseas and suffer from a medical condition, such that travelling to Hong Kong would be detrimental to their health.

The applications have met with mixed results. While fact specific, a number of observations can be made.

First, such applications should be made witness by video can flow as naturally 都是證人居於海外且健康狀況不佳，如 in a timely manner. While a matter for as evidence given in a court room, the 前往香港會對他們的健康構成損害。 a principled based case management Hong Kong courts have (to date) been 但這些申請的結果不一。雖然案情有 discretion, unexplained lateness in guarded about allowing crucial witness making an application can be fatal testimony to be given by video at a civil 別，但以下是筆者觀察所得。 trial. (Luan Gang v Simpson Marine Ltd [2013] 首先，此類申請應及時提出。倘逾期提 HKEC 1383; re James Ting [2013] HKEC One might also surmise that the 出申請而無法解釋，雖然法庭可行駛 1514, applying High Court Practice outcome of the House of Lords’ 以原則為本的案件管理酌情權，但亦可 Direction 5.2, paragraph 34). judgment in Polanski v Condé Nast 導致申請失敗(Luan Gang v Simpson Second, a witness’s ill-health and old Publications Ltd [2005] 1 All ER 945 age can be a good reason to permit (a majority decision allowing an alleged Marine Ltd [2013] HKEC 1383及re the use of video to give testimony fugitive to give evidence by video at the James Ting [2013] HKEC 1514引用了 at trial. However, a court is likely to trial of his claim for defamation in a 《高等法院實務指示》5.2第34段)。 consider carefully the medical report(s) jurisdiction of his own choosing) would 其次，證人健康欠佳和年邁亦是允許在 in support. Incontrovertible evidence be different if decided today or in the that travel would be hazardous or local circumstances of Hong Kong (see 審訊中使用視像系統作供的充分理由。 life-threatening to a witness is likely Chow Kam Fai, ex p Rambas Marketing 然而，法庭很可能會仔細考慮用作支 to be decisive. Conversely, rather Co. LLC [2004] 2 HKLRD 260). 持的醫療報告。若可提出無可爭議的 vague assertions that travel might be For readers wanting more, a good 證據，證明回港對證人構成危險或危及 prejudicial to a witness’s health are starting point is the headnote to the 生命，則很可能起到決定性的作用。相 unlikely to be persuasive (Daimler AG v reported judgment in Daimler AG and 反，若只含糊地宣稱回港可能損害證 Leiduck (No.2) [2013] 2 HKLRD 822; re the commentary to O.38, r.3 of the White James Ting). Book. 人的健康，便不太可能說服法庭批准 Third, medical evidence should be in the 有關申請(Daimler AG v Leiduck (No.2) - Warren Ganesh, Senior Consultant, nature of an expert report. Therefore, [2013] 2 HKLRD 822一案及re James Smyth & Co in association with medical reports should accord with RPC Ting)。 The Rules of the High Court Order 38, Rules 37A-C (“RHC O.38, rr.37A-C”) 其三，醫療證據應以專家報告的性質作 and O.41A; namely, contain an expert’s 以視像系統作供及「醫生的 出。因此，醫療報告應符合《高等法院 declaration and statement of truth (re 筆記」 規則》第38號命令第37A至37C條規 Luan Gang). 近期，法院審理了多宗關於證人在民事 則及第41A號命令的規定，即報告載有 While there has been some judicial 審訊中透過視像連線系統(下稱「視像系 由專家作出的聲明和屬實申述(reLuan comment that cross-examination of a 統」)作供的申請。這些申請所持的理據 Gang)。

54 www.hk-lawyer.org November 2013 • INDUSTRY INSIGHTS 業 界 透 視

雖然司法界一直有意見指，透過視像系統盤問證人可以猶如 在法庭裡作供般流暢自如，但香港法院就容許關鍵證人在民 事審訊中透過視像系統作供一事上， (迄今為止)仍相當謹 慎。

可能有人會推測，假如由英國上議院審理的Polanski v Condé Nast Publications Ltd [2005] 1 All ER 945 一案(案 中以大比數裁定准許一名被指稱的逃犯於他屬意的司法管轄 區為他提出的誹謗申索審訊中透過視像系統作供)，於今時 今日或者於香港的本地情況下審理，結果將會有所不同(見 Chow Kam Fai, ex p Rambas Marketing Co. LLC [2004] 2 HKLRD 260一案)。

如讀者對此題目感興趣，可參閱Daimler AG一案的法律彙編 批註及《White Book》中第38號命令第3條規則的評論。

- Warren Ganesh 高級顧問， Smyth & Co 與RPC聯營

FBPs and the “kitchen sink” C M

The Court of First Instance decision in Leung Kwai Ling v Y

HK Glory Properties Limited [2013] HKEC 1104 is a useful CM reminder to legal practitioners that an order for further and MY better particulars (“FBPs”) of the contents of an affidavit will CY not be made, unless the affidavit has been ordered to stand as a pleading under The Rules of the High Court, Order CMY 18, Rule 12(3) (“RHC O.18, r.12(3)”). It is also, perhaps, an K example of how a “kitchen sink” approach to interlocutory matters can backfire.

In this case, the plaintiff issued two summonses seeking an order that the defendant provide (among other things) “further and better particulars with supporting exhibits” to clarify the contents of affidavits filed by the defendant. The affidavits had been filed for the purpose of (among other things) the defendant’s application to strike out the plaintiff’s claim and there had been no order for them to stand as pleadings. Therefore, the court declined to order FBPs.

Rather puzzlingly, but possibly for good measure, the plaintiff’s submissions in support of her applications relied on Section 41 of the High Court Ordinance (Cap. 4 – “pre- action disclosure”). Not surprisingly, the court was of the view that this provision was irrelevant.

Even if the plaintiff’s applications were treated as applications for specific discovery pursuant to RHC O.24, r.7 the court considered that they should be dismissed because

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discovery orders were not necessary 原告人用作支持其申請的陳詞以《高等 either for disposing fairly of the cause or 法院條例》（第4章）第41條（即在訴訟 matter or for saving costs; particularly, 展開前披露）為依據，這點令人相當費 given that the defendant’s strike out 解，但很有可能乃作為額外的理據。不 summons had not been heard. 出所料，法庭認為這項條文並無關聯。 Similarly, the court noted that it was not the practice to grant an order for 法庭認為，即使原告人的申請被視為是 production of documents under RHC 《高等法院規則》第24號命令第7條規 O.24, r.13 unless necessary either for 則下的特定披露申請，此等申請亦應被 disposing fairly of the cause or matter or 駁回，原因是就訟案或事宜作公平處置 for saving costs. 或就節省訟費而言，並無必要作出披露 REUTERS//Shannon Stapleton The court considered that the plaintiff 令，尤其是被告人發出有關剔除的傳票 appeared to be “fishing for evidence Bernard Madoff 仍未予以審理。 馬多夫 to bolster her own case” (paragraph 20). Indeed, one might be forgiven 同樣地，法庭指出，除非就訟案或事宜 lives on hold for nearly half a year. for reading the court’s judgment as 作公平處置或就節省訟費而言是有必要 With so many defendants and so much something of a checklist of basic things 的，否則根據《高等法院規則》第24號 evidence to present, prosecutors have to remember when seeking FBPs, said the trial could last five months, a specific discovery or production of 命令第13條規則作出將任何文件交出的 fact that has weighed heavily on jury documents. In this case, the plaintiff’s 命令並非慣例。 selection, which started last month. apparent “kitchen sink” approach to 法庭認為，原告人看來是「為了令其案 interlocutory matters appears to have Even before that, US District Judge 變得更有力而以捕魚式的手法找尋證 backfired. Laura Taylor Swain requested a pool of 據」（第20段）。事實上，訴訟方向法 about 400 people, an unusually high - David Luk, Associate, Smyth & Co 庭尋求更詳盡清楚的詳情、特定披露或 number, from which to select 12 jurors in association with RPC 交出文件時，把法庭判決視為一種基本 and six alternates. 更詳盡清楚的詳情及「漁翁 注意事項的清單，這種做法實不足過。 Jury experts and trial veterans said a 在本案中，原告人以明顯的「漁翁撒 trial of such length significantly trims 撒網」 網」方法處理非正審事宜，結果似乎事 the potential pool and can lead to a jury 原訟法庭在Leung Kwai Ling v HK Glory 與願違。 that slews heavily towards the retired, the unemployed and people who work Properties Limited [2013] HKEC 1104 for the government or big companies, 一案的判決，有效提醒法律執業者，除 - 陸耀宗律師， which pay employees on jury duty, with 非誓章已根據《高等法院規則》第18號 Smyth & Co 與RPC聯營 unknown effects on verdicts. 命令第12(3)條規則被命令用作狀書，否 The self-employed, people who own or 則法庭不會下令要求訴訟方就該誓章的 刑法 work for small businesses and those 內容作出更詳盡清楚的詳情。此外，本 Criminal Law who care for other family members can 案也許正好說明為何以「漁翁撒網」的 Who has time to judge all run into difficulties in a long trial, 方法處理非正審事宜可能會適得其反。 Madoff’s associates? which can cause stress and feelings of isolation for jurors, they added. 在本案中，原告人發出兩張傳票，尋求 It is hard enough to seat an impartial 法庭下令被告人提供「更詳盡清楚的詳 jury in a case stemming from the biggest - Reuters News 情並附以支持證物」等，以澄清被告人 Ponzi scheme in history.

已存檔誓章的內容。被告人將該等誓章 But lawyers on both sides of the trial 有誰能騰空審理馬多夫的 存檔，是為了向法庭申請剔除原告人的 of five former employees of Bernard 下屬？ 申索等目的，而法庭從未下令把該等誓 Madoff are grappling with what may be 章用作狀書。因此，法庭拒絕作出更詳 an even tougher challenge: they must 要為一宗因史上最大型龐氏騙局而起的 盡清楚的詳情的命令。 find jurors willing and able to put their 案件組成一個公正的陪審團已屬難事，

56 www.hk-lawyer.org November 2013 • INDUSTRY INSIGHTS 業 界 透 視

在這宗涉及五名馬多夫前僱員的案件 中，控辨雙方的律師需要應付的挑戰更 為艱鉅，就是他們務必找到願意和能夠 把個人生活暫停半年的陪審員。

涉案被告人數不少且證據數量眾多，檢 察人員已表示審訊可能歷時五個月之 久。即使於上月開始挑選陪審員之前， 美國地方法院法官Laura Taylor Swain已 要求有關方面提供多達約400人的候選 者，以挑選12名陪審員及6名候補陪審 員，但審訊時間之久對挑選陪審團一事 依然造成重大壓力。

陪審員專家和對審訊經驗豐富的人士 指，審訊時間這麼久，令潛在候選者的 人數大幅減少，並可能導致陪審團偏向 由已退休、失業及受僱於政府或大機構 軍在西岸進行演習時使用聲納，危害 的人士組成(政府及大機構會向擔任陪審 kill or disrupt marine mammals while conducting anti-submarine warfare 瀕危鯨魚、海豚和其他受保護的海洋 團的員工支薪)，而這對裁決可能構成未 exercises off the Pacific Northwest. 哺乳類動物。 知的影響。 Environmental groups said similar 這宗鯨魚與軍方之間的爭議已持續多 他們補充，對於自僱人、擁有或為小型 mid-frequency sonar by the Navy has 時，鑑於是次判決，聯邦政府的生物學 企業工作的人士，以及那些需要照顧家 been linked to fatal mass strandings 家須重新考慮是否批准海軍在太平洋西 庭的人士而言，參與長時間的審訊可能 of marine mammals around the world, 北海域進行反潛戰演習時，令海洋哺乳 令他們遇到許多困難，這樣對陪審員會 including Hawaii, the Bahamas, Greece, the Canary Islands and Spain. 類動物死亡或受到干擾。 造成壓力和令他們產生孤立感。 High-intensity noise from sonar - pulses 環保團體指出，類似海軍使用的中頻聲 - 路透社新聞 of sound emitted to pinpoint underwater 納與世界各地出現的海洋哺乳類動物大 objects at a distance through the echo 量擱淺致死的事件存在關連，地點包括 they produce - can also disrupt marine 夏威夷、巴哈馬群島、希臘、加納利群 Environment 環境 mammals’ migration, nursing, breeding and feeding, the plaintiffs argued. 島和西班牙。

Environmentalists win Conservationists have said the 原告人等指，聲納乃藉著發出的聲脈衝 court fight to protect technology can be especially disturbing 所產生的迴聲得出一定距離外水底物體 for creatures such as whales and whales from navy sonar 的定位，而當中發出的高頻率噪音會干 dolphins that use a natural form of bio- A federal judge in California sided last 擾海洋類哺乳動物的遷移、哺育、繁殖 sonar, called echolocation, to hunt for month with environmental groups in prey, detect predators and communicate 和餵飼。 their lawsuit against the US government with each other. over Navy training exercises off the 保育人士已指出，對於鯨魚和海豚等使 West Coast involving sonar that they - Reuters News 用天然生物聲納迴聲定位的生物，有關 say harms endangered whales, dolphins 技術會擾亂它們尋找獵物、探測敵人和 and other protected marine mammals. 環保人士勝訴令鯨魚得以免 相互溝通方面的能力。 The ruling in a long-running dispute 遭海軍聲納干擾 pitting whales against the military - 路透社新聞 requires federal biologists to reconsider 上月美國加州一名聯邦法官判環保團 permits allowing the Navy to potentially 體控告美國政府一案勝訴，案情指海

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International Law 國際法 the Scarborough and Second Thomas 隻其後佔領了黃岩島，有些地區分析員 shoals. 形容中方有效吞併了該島。 Philippines South China Chinese vessels occupied Scarborough - 路透社新聞 Sea legal case against after a tense two-month standoff China gathers pace between rival vessels last year - a move some regional analysts have described The Philippines’ legal challenge against as an effective annexation by Beijing. PRC 中國內地 China’s claims in the South China Sea is gathering pace, emerging as a “proxy - Reuters News China says only “heavy battle” over Beijing’s territorial reach. punches” will dent rising Manila has assembled a crack 菲律賓加快步伐向中國展開 monopoly behavior international legal team to fight its 南海訴訟 A heavy-handed approach is needed to unprecedented arbitration case under halt a rise in monopolistic behavior by the United Nations’ Convention on 對於中國堅持擁有南海主權，菲律賓正 companies in China, Reuters reported a the Law of the Sea - ignoring growing 加快展開法律行動的步伐，及爭取各方 senior official saying last week, in a sign pressure from Beijing to scrap the 的支持。 that an antitrust campaign which has action. already ensnared top global firms could 儘管中國向菲律賓施壓務求使其放棄訴 Any result will be unenforceable, legal get tougher. experts say, but will carry considerable 訟，但菲律賓並沒有理會，並已為這宗 “Only heavy punches will work,” Xu moral and political weight. 前所未有的《聯合國海洋法公約》仲裁 Kunlin, head of the anti-monopoly 案件籌組了一支一流的國際法律團隊。 The Philippines has invested a “huge bureau at the National Development amount of political capital in this legal 法律專家指，無論裁決結果如何均無法 and Reform Commission (“NDRC”), gambit and it wants to ensure success 強制執行，但在道德和政治上將有相當 said in a speech to a business forum in regardless of the cost,” said security Beijing. scholar Ian Storey of Singapore’s 大的影響。 “It’s easy to find evidence on many Institute of South East Asian Studies. 新加坡東南亞研究所的安全學者Ian firms’ monopolistic behavior in China,” “If the Philippine team submits a less Storey指，菲律賓投放了「大量政治資 Xu said. “Some of it could be found than convincing case...this would be 本於這個法律策略上，且為求成功不計 on the Internet,” he added, noting the very embarrassing for Manila and put it 成本」。 ease of discovery was the reason why right back to square one in its dispute investigations had been so successful with China. Beijing would also be 「如果菲律賓的團隊提交的案件無法令 this year. emboldened to pursue its claims even 人信服...... 菲方將非常尷尬，而它與中國 The NDRC is China’s top economic more assertively than it has been doing 的爭議將退回原點。中國方面亦會更勇 planning body but it also regulates over the past few years.” 於力爭，甚至較過去幾年更為強硬。」 prices. It has launched a spate of Beyond the legal questions, the case antitrust investigations across sectors 兩國官員均指出，案件除了涉及法律問 carries political and diplomatic risks and ranging from pharmaceuticals to milk 題外，亦具有政治和外交風險，而各自 is being closely watched by Japan and powder and jewellery in recent months. Vietnam, locked in their own disputes 與中國就海域主權存在爭議的日本和越 In particular, authorities are paying with China over sea territory, officials 南正密切注視案件的發展。 attention to whether manufacturers are from both countries say. 美國作為菲律賓的長期條約盟友，正努 forcing retailers to set minimum prices The US, which is deepening military ties 力深化雙邊的軍事關係，同時也在觀看 for products, which would contravene a with the Philippines, a longstanding 事態發展。法律之戰與海上的局勢同樣 2008 anti-monopoly law. treaty ally, is also watching. 緊張，中國和菲律賓為爭奪黃岩島和仁 China’s leaders are trying to restructure The legal battle mirrors tensions at 愛礁緊緊盯着對方。 the economy to one where growth is sea, where China and the Philippines driven by consumers, and while Xu did eye each other over rival occupations of 去年雙方船隻曾對峙達兩個月，中國船 not mention any specific companies

58 www.hk-lawyer.org November 2013 • INDUSTRY INSIGHTS 業 界 透 視

the head of French bank Societe Generale (“SocGen”) said last month. Governments and regulators across the world have cracked down on tax evasion in the wake of the financial crisis, a drive which has seen the US and Europe heap pressure on Switzerland, Liechtenstein, Monaco and others to surrender more information. “With all the reforms today that have been done by various governments, tax havens - that is to say people with secret bank accounts hidden somewhere to avoid the tax authorities - in my view, that is over,” SocGen Chief Executive Frederic Oudea told French television channel BFM. Citing the example of Switzerland, he said: “What is happening right now or industries, he said investigations 高機關，同時亦負責價格監督。最近數 means that nobody will take that kind of would focus more on sectors affecting 月，國家發改委接連對不同界別展開反 risk anymore.” the lives of ordinary people. He added 壟斷調查，從藥品、奶粉到首飾不等。 Swiss banks publicly apologised in that competition policy should be a key September for their role in helping tax economic policy area for China. 當局特別關注廠家有否違反2008年實施 cheats, following a landmark settlement 的反壟斷法，迫使零售商對產品設定最 - Reuters News with US authorities that would allow 低價格。 lenders to come forward over tax 中國指只有「重拳」才可遏 中國的領導人正在努力重整經濟結構， evasion by US customers and avert prosecution by paying a fine. 止日益嚴重的壟斷情況 令經濟增長改由消費者帶動，雖然許昆 林在會上並沒有提及任何特定企業或行 The crackdown has effectively meant 據路透社上週引述中國一名高級官員報 that an incoming US law requiring 業，但他指出調查將集中在影響百姓生 道，企業在中國的壟斷行為日益嚴重， foreign banks to surrender information 活的界別上。他補充，競爭政策應成為 必須採用嚴厲手段予以制止。這顯示為 on US account holders has become 中國基礎性的經濟政策。 unnecessary, Oudea added. The 對付頂尖國際企業而已出台的反壟斷措 Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act, or 施，或會變得更加強硬。 - 路透社新聞 FATCA, was enacted in 2010 but takes 國家發展和改革委員會（下稱「國家 effect in July 2014. It requires foreign financial institutions to tell the US tax 發改委」）反壟斷局局長許昆林在北 Taxation 稅務 authorities about Americans’ offshore 京出席一個商業論壇時表示「重拳方 accounts worth more than US$50,000 有效」。 SocGen CEO says (HK$388,000). tax havens’ days are 他說：「從我國執法實踐來看，很多 However, the head of UK advocacy 壟斷行為都處於顯性狀態」。他補充 numbered; others group Tax Justice Network, John 說，「有的甚至將相關行為在網站上 disagree Christensen, said the idea that the days of tax havens were over at this stage 公佈」，這指出本年調查之所以如此 The practice of funnelling money to “remains entirely wishful thinking”. 成功是因為壟斷行為易於發現。 tax-free or low-tax countries such as Switzerland in order to avoid paying “The use of secret bank accounts is 國家發改委是中國經濟規劃方面的最 more punitive taxes at home is finished, rapidly being superseded by using

www.hk-lawyer.org 59 • November 2013

offshore trusts and secret foundations,” 元），外資金融機構便須向美國稅務當 迅速地由使用離岸信託和秘密基金會的 he said. 局作出披露。 做法取代。」

“We’re also seeing a wider number 然而，英國一個倡導團體「稅收正義 「我們亦看到有許多司法管轄區，如香 of jurisdictions, with Hong Kong, 網」(Tax Justice Network)的負責人 港、新加坡、毛里求斯等，非常迅速地 Singapore, Mauritius very rapidly gaining market share, and that is partly John Christensen指，避稅天堂的日子 取得市場佔有率，部分原因是現時財富 a reflection of what’s happening as 已完結的想法，在現階段「全屬一廂情 都集中在遠東地區。」 wealth concentrates in the Far East.” 願」。 - 路透社新聞 - Reuters News 他說：「使用秘密銀行帳戶的做法，正

法興總裁指避稅天堂日子屈 指可數；其他人不同意

法國興業銀行(下稱「法興」)的行政總 裁上月表示，為了避免在本國支付高昂 的懲罰性稅項，人們會把款項匯到瑞士 等免稅或低稅率國家，但此做法已不再 可行。

金融危機發生後，世界各地的政府和監 管機構致力打擊逃稅，美國和歐洲已 向瑞士、列支敦士登、摩納哥等地方施 壓，迫其交出更多資料。

法興行政總裁Frederic Oudea向法國電視 頻道BFM表示：「人們為逃避稅務機關 而在某地設立秘密銀行帳戶，但現時各 國政府已實施各項改革，以我之見，避 稅天堂的日子已完結。」

他列舉瑞士為例：「現今的情況是，誰 也不會再願意冒這種險了。」 Feel free to write in to us with more short contributions on latest industry 瑞士銀行業為協助逃稅一事，於九月份 developments and trends. Simply contact the editor at: 公開道歉，其後更與美國當局達成影響 [email protected] 重大的和解，只要銀行就美國客戶逃稅 本刊歡迎各位提交短篇文章，廣大讀者分享業界的最新發展和動態。請與本刊編輯 事宜向當局自願提供協助，並繳交罰 聯絡，電郵: [email protected] 款，便免遭起訴。

Oudea指，這次打擊行動實際上意味 The information provided here is intended to give general information only. It is not a complete statement of the law. It is not intended to be relied upon or to be a substitute for 著，美國那則即將生效要求外國銀行交 legal advice in relation to particular circumstances. 出美國賬戶持有人資料的法例，已變得 沒有必要。美國《海外賬戶稅務合規法 本欄所提供的資訊僅屬一般資訊，並不構成相關法律的完整陳述，亦不應被依賴為任何 個案中的法律意見或被視作取代法律意見。 案》於2010年頒布，但於2014年7月才 會生效。法案規定，若美國公民的離岸 For full Reuters reports, please visit reuters.com 如欲查閱路透社的完整報導，請瀏覽 賬戶有超過50,000美元(即388,000港 reuters.com

60 www.hk-lawyer.org leaflet(eng)_210x280mm.ai 1 21/10/2013 16:17:29

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CASES IN BRIEF 案 例 撮 要

ADMINISTRATIVE 行政 X’s requests to disclose the identities of the Interviewees and only provided a Asia Television Ltd v Communications redacted summary of the interviews. Authority (No. 2) [2013] 3 HKLRD 618 X commenced judicial review Court of Appeal proceedings against the Authority in part to challenge its refusal to disclose Civil Appeal No 258 of 2012 information obtained during the Kwan, Chu and Lam JJA investigation. The judge in the lower 17–18 April, 15 May 2013 court held in favour of X and granted an order of certiorari quashing those statements would not have assisted Procedural fairness — level of decisions, and the Authority appealed. in the resolution of the dispute. The disclosure to enable affected disclosures made by the Authority Held, allowing the appeal, that, person to make meaningful were sufficient for X to make focused inter alia: and focused representations to and meaningful representations to the adverse materials The level of disclosure required to meet Interviewees’ evidence. the standard of fairness was to enable X held a domestic free television the affected person to make “meaningful 上訴法庭 programme service licence under the and focused representations” to adverse 高等法院民事上訴2012年第258號 Broadcasting Ordinance (Cap. 562) (the materials. It was not possible to rule “BO”). The Communications Authority generally if the disclosure of a witness’ 高等法院上訴法庭法官關淑馨、 (the “Authority”) was an independent identity should be made as each case 朱芬齡及林文瀚 statutory body regulating broadcasting must be considered on its own facts 2013年4月17-18日、5月15日 and telecommunications industries. and circumstances to see what fairness After receiving an anonymous complaint required. 程序公正—為使受影響人士能對 that W was a major investor in X who did Support for this might be found in the 不利的材料作出具有意義和針對 not satisfy any of the BO requirements of underlying policy that witnesses should 性的陳述，而作出披露的程度 a person who could exercise control over be encouraged to come forward and a domestic free television programme speak frankly. This was of particular X持有根據《廣播條例》（第562章） service licensee, the Authority carried importance here as the broadcasting （下稱「《條例》」）發出的本地免費 out an investigation. This process industry was a relatively small and 電視節目服務牌照。通訊事務管理局（ involved interviewing various persons closely-related circle, and people tended 下稱「通訊局」）是一個獨立的法定機 (the “Interviewees”), including former to know each other. employees of X, who were assured that 構，負責監管廣播和電訊行業。 their identity and feedback would be The main issue in the investigation 通訊局早前接獲匿名投訴，關於X的主 kept confidential. Provisional findings was relatively straightforward and 要投資者W，他並不符合任何《條例》 and proposed sanctions were then made it was evident that the identities of against X. The Authority duly refused the Interviewees or their verbatim 規定可以對本地免費電視節目服務持牌

62 www.hk-lawyer.org November 2013 • CASES IN BRIEF 案 例 撮 要

機構行使控制的資格，該局於是展開調 Mainland award — judgment 查。調查過程中，通訊局與多名人士進 pending on application in 行會面（下稱「受訪者」），其中包括 Shenzhen Court to dismiss X的前僱員，而通訊局承諾將他們的身份 award 和提供的意見保密。其後，通訊局的初 X obtained leave to enforce an arbitral 步調查結果指針對X的指控成立，並建議 award, from the South China Sub- 作出若干懲處。X要求通訊局披露受訪者 Commission of China International 的身份但被正式拒絕，而通訊局只提供 Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission, against Y as a judgment in 了一份經刪節的會面摘要。 Hong Kong (the “Order”). Y’s application X提出司法覆核申請，其中包括挑戰通訊 to dismiss the award was heard by 局就拒絕披露在調查過程中獲取的資料 the Shenzhen Intermediate People’s 的決定。下級法院的法官裁定X勝訴，並 Court (the “Shenzhen Court”). Pending judgment, Y sought to set aside or vary 頒下移審令，撤銷該等決定。通訊局提 the Order in Hong Kong on the grounds an order for immediate enforcement or 出上訴。 inter alia that the award “has not yet else an order for substantial security. Second, the court should consider the 裁決 - 批准上訴，除其他事項外： become binding on the parties” or “has been ... suspended ... under the law of ease or difficulty of enforcement and the 為達致公正而需作披露的程度，是要使 the Mainland” pursuant to Section 95(2) effect of any delay in enforcement, for 受影響人士能對不利的材料作出「具有 (f) of the Arbitration Ordinance (Cap. example by the movement of assets or 意義和針對性的陳述」。如果涉及披露 609). improvident trading.

證人的身份，則不能以一般硬性規定作 Held, adjourning Y’s application and Here, it was proper to require Y to 出決定，因法庭必須按每宗案件自身的 ordering security against Y, that: provide security of HK$20 million. Y had 實況予以考慮，衡量怎樣才可達致公 not inter alia adduced any evidence to It was appropriate to adjourn Y’s show that the award was “manifestly 平。 application in Hong Kong pending the invalid”, plus it had sold its industrial 鼓勵證人挺身而出說實話這背後方針， outcome of the Shenzhen proceedings. property, its financial performance was If the award was indeed set aside or 或正可作為此做法的支持。這做法對本 deteriorating, and its unaudited net discharged or dismissed, enforcement 案尤其重要，因為香港廣播行業的圈子 liabilities appeared to far exceed its total of the award should be refused under assets. 相對狹窄且緊密，人們往往互相認識。 Section 95 of the Ordinance.

調查的主要爭議點相對直接，而且受訪 There was jurisdiction to grant 原訟法庭 者的身份或他們所作的陳述原文亦顯然 an adjournment relating to the 高等法院建築及仲裁訴訟2012年 enforcement of a mainland award. The 無助於解決有關爭議。通訊局所作的披 第35號 court had a general and inherent power 露已足以讓X就受訪者的證據作出具針對 to regulate the proceedings before it and 高等法院原訟法庭法官林雲浩 性及有意義的陳述。 this was presupposed by Order 73 Rule （內庭聆訊） 10A, Rules of the High Court (Cap. 4A, 2013年6月5日 Sub. Leg.). By virtue of the proviso in the ARBITRATION 仲裁 Order, an adjournment of Y’s summons would mean X could not enforce the 內地裁決—判決有待深圳法院對 Guo Shun Kai v Wing Shing Chemical award until it was resolved. 撤銷申請所作的決定 Co Ltd [2013] 3 HKLRD 484 Where security is concerned, the court X取得法庭許可，以強制執行香港判決的 Court of First Instance should consider, first, the strength 方式強制執行一項由中國國際經濟貿易 Construction and Arbitration of the argument that the award was 仲裁委員會華南分會作出判Y敗訴的仲裁 invalid. If the award was manifestly Proceedings No 35 of 2012 裁決(下稱「該命令」)。Y向深圳市中級 invalid there should be an adjournment Godfrey Lam J in Chambers 人民法院(下稱「深圳法院」)提出申請撤 and no order for security; but if it was 5 June 2013 manifestly valid, there should either be 銷該裁決。待決期間，Y在香港申請把該

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命令作廢或更改，理由包括根據《仲裁 條例》（第609章）第95(2)(f)條，有關 裁決「對各方尚未具約束力」或「已根 據內地的法律...... 暫時中止」等。

裁決-押後Y的申請，並下令Y提供保證：

在深圳訴訟待決期間，將Y在香港提出的 申請押後，屬適當的做法。若有關裁決 確被作廢、解除或撤銷，則根據《仲裁 條例》第95條，法庭應拒絕強制執行該 裁決。

法庭具有押後強制執行內地裁決的司法 管轄權。法庭具有一般及固有權力規管 在其席前審理的訴訟，《高等法院規 則》（第4A章，附屬法例）第10A號命 令已預先假定這一點。憑藉該命令中的 但書，押後Y的傳票表示在爭議得以解決 前，X不可強制執行有關裁決。 Inspection of company records Held, allowing the appeal, that, inter alia: 就保證方面而言，法庭應該作考慮的有 for a proper purpose — 二：第一，有關裁決屬無效的說法是否 discrepancies between press To make an application under Section 有力。若裁決明顯屬無效，法庭應予以 releases issued for compliance 152FA, a shareholder would first need purposes and listing documents to be qualified under any of the sub- 押後並無須下令提供保證；但若裁決明 — reasonable case of need to sections in Section 152FA(2). The 顯屬有效，則法庭應作出立即強制執行 investigate action of directors applicant must then satisfy the court 的命令或下令提供相當程度的保證。第 of the two conditions under Section The plaintiff (“P”) was the single 二，法庭應考慮強制執行的難易之處及 152FA(3), first that the application was largest shareholder of the defendant 任何延遲強制執行帶來的影響，例如資 made in good faith, and second, that company (“D”), listed in both London the inspection was for a proper purpose. 產調動或無遠見的交易。 and Hong Kong though he was not on Even if those conditions were satisfied, its board. Between 2007 and 2010, D 在本案中，要求Y提供2,000萬港元的保 the court still had a discretion whether acquired substantial shareholdings in 證是恰當的。Y並沒有（除其他事項外） or not to grant an order for inspection. two technology companies, C1 and C2, 援引任何證據，證明有關裁決屬「明顯 for HK$735 million and HK$185 million Here, P had made out a reasonable case 無效」，加上它已把其工業物業出售， respectively, which it disposed of for that there was a need to investigate 其財務狀況持續惡化，而且其未經審計 nominal considerations in 2011. what had been done by D’s directors 的負債淨額遠超出總資產。 to safeguard D’s interests prior to its P applied for inspection of D’s records acquisition of C1-2 and inspection was relating to the acquisition of C1–2 sought for this proper purpose. There under Section 152FA of the Companies was also no evidence on the “due COMPANY 公司 Ordinance (Cap. 32) because of: (a) diligence” exercise performed by D’s the substantial losses made; and (b) a lawyers before acquiring the companies. Veron International Ltd v RCG Holdings reasonable suspicion that D’s directors Ltd [2013] 3 HKLRD 657 had failed to assess the risks and verify Even if P was on D’s board, the duties matters when deciding whether to placed on a director were such that Court of Appeal acquire Cs. The judge in the lower court the court could not insist that P must Civil Appeal No 126 of 2012 dismissed the application on the basis seek to become a director to obtain the Yeung V-P, Yuen and Lam JJA that the inspection was not for a proper records, rather than exercise its statutory 1 March, 30 May 2013 purpose. P appealed. rights as a shareholder. D was being

64 www.hk-lawyer.org November 2013 • CASES IN BRIEF 案 例 撮 要

investigated by the Commercial Crimes 外，案中並沒有任何關於被告人律師在 by a petitioner pursuant to a consent Bureau and the duties of the directors 收購該等公司之前進行「盡職審查」的 order or the respondent had withdrawn would be more onerous than usual. 證據。 his objection to the relief sought, costs would follow the event. 即使原告人能夠成為被告人董事局的成 上訴法庭 This was more complex where a case 員，但作為董事身負要職，法庭不能堅 高等法院民事上訴2012年第126號 was settled and the terms of the 持原告人為取得有關紀錄而必須成為董 settlement did not involve granting any 高等法院上訴法庭副庭長楊振權、 事，卻不行使其作為股東的法定權利。 relief. The correct approach hence was 法官袁家寧及林文瀚 由於被告人正被商業罪案調查科調查， for the court first to consider the terms 2013年3月1日、5月30日 因此其董事的職責將較平常更為繁苛。 of the settlement and assess whether the petitioner had obtained substantially 為恰當目的查閱公司紀錄—為符 what he sought. If he did, it would not 合規定所發出的新聞稿與上市文 be necessary or appropriate for the court Re Lucky Ford Industrial Ltd to consider evidence and arguments 件兩者之間的差異—有合理需要 [2013] 3 HKLRD 550 directed to the merits of the case and 調查董事的作為 Court of First Instance whether or not the petitioner would have 原告人為被告公司（下稱「被告人」） Companies (Winding-up) Proceedings been successful if the petition had gone to trial. Where this was not clear, the 的單一最大股東，被告人在倫敦和香港 No 145 of 2012 court would have to determine whether 兩地上市，但原告人並非其董事局成 Harris J in Chambers it was probable that the petitioner would 員。在2007年至2010年間，被告人分 3 July 2013 have been substantially successful. 別以7.35億港元及1.85億港元收購了兩 Whether where no substantive Here, the case was quite straightforward. 間科技公司C1和C2的大量股權，並於 relief was granted, petitioner Ps were substantially successful 2011年以象徵式代價把有關股份售出。 was substantially successful to and thus entitled to their costs, notwithstanding that a winding-up order 原告人提出申請根據《公司條例》（第 be entitled to costs was their alternative relief. 32章）第152FA條查閱被告人收購C1及 The plaintiffs (“P1–2”) and respondents C2的紀錄，理由是：(a)當中造成重大損 (“R1–5”) were shareholders of a 原訟法庭 失；及(b)有合理懷疑被告人的董事於決 company (“C”). Ps presented a petition seeking an order for R1–4 to buy their 定是否收購C1及C2時，未有評估相關風 高等法院公司（清盤）案件2012 shares in C under Section 168A of the 年第145號 險及核實有關事宜。下級法院的法官以 Companies Ordinance (Cap. 32), or 高等法院原訟法庭法官夏利士 查閱並不是為了一項屬恰當的目的為理 alternatively, the winding-up of C under 由駁回該申請。原告人提出上訴。 Section 177(1)(f). At the first hearing of （內庭聆訊） the petition in August 2012, Rs except 2013年7月3日 裁決 - 批准上訴，除其他事項外： R3 opposed the petition. However, 要根據第152FA條提出申請，股東首先 after service of pleadings the petition 不論有否獲批予實質濟助，呈請 需要符合第152FA(2)條下任何分項訂明 came back before the court in October 人屬實質勝訴故有權獲得訟費 的資格。其次，申請人必須令法庭信納 2012 and Rs indicated that they would not oppose C being wound up. At an 原告人等（即第一及第二原告人）及答 第152FA(3)條所載的兩個條件：第一， adjourned hearing, an opposing creditor 辯人等（即第一至第五答辯人）為某公 有關申請是真誠作出的；第二，有關查 withdrew its objection to the petition 司（下稱「該公司」）股東。原告人等 閱是為了一項屬恰當的目的。即使這些 and a winding-up order was made. Ps 提出呈請，尋求法庭根據《公司條例》 條件已符合，法庭仍然可酌情決定是否 applied for costs. （第32章）第168A條下令第一至第四 作出查閱令。 Held, granting the application, that, 答辯人購買他們持有的該公司股份，或 在本案中，原告人提出合理理據，證明 inter alia: 者根據第177(1)條把該公司清盤作為替 有必要調查被告人的董事在收購C1及C2 Under Order 1A Rule 1, Rules of the 代。在2012年8月就該呈請進行的第一 前曾作出何等措施保障被告人的利益， High Court (Cap. 4A, Sub. Leg.), if 次聆訊上，除了第三答辯人，其他答辯 而申請查閱正是為了此恰當目的。另 judgment was entered for relief sought 人均反對該呈請。然而，送達狀書後，

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該呈請於2012年10月再次開庭，答辯 subsequent kicks might be excluded as 人等則表示不反對把該公司清盤。在經 contributory causes of death, then 延期的聆訊上，一名提出反對的債權人 the issue of self-defence became 撤回對呈請的反對，法庭於是頒下清盤 all the more a live issue. 令。原告人等現申請訟費。 Thus, on the evidence, the issue of self-defence should 裁決 - 准許申請，除其他事項外： have been left to the jury. 根據《高等法院規則》（第4A章，附 This was particularly so given the charge of murder 屬法例）第1A號命令第1條規則，如果 and its dire consequences. At 法庭根據同意令判呈請人獲得尋求的濟 the least, it should have been 助，或答辯人撤回對尋求濟助的反對， discussed by the judge with 則訟費應視乎訴訟結果而定。 counsel, but it was not. 倘若案件已予和解，但和解條款並不涉 offer to plead guilty to unlawful act 上訴法庭 及批予任何濟助，則情況會較為複雜。 manslaughter was not accepted by the 因此正確做法是，法院應首先考慮和解 prosecution, but placed before the jury 高等法院刑事上訴2011年第479號 的條款，並評估呈請人是否已實質上取 as an admitted fact. D argued that he 署理高等法院首席法官司徒敬、高 得所求。如他已實質上取得所求，法庭 had no intention to cause really serious 等法院上訴法庭法官倫明高及高等 無需亦不應考慮對案件成功機會有影響 harm and the plea was tendered as 法院原訟法庭法官麥偉德 no more than an acceptance of moral 的證據和論點，以及如果呈請有進行審 2012年10月4日、2013年4月24 responsibility. 訊呈請人會否勝訴一事。倘若情況並不 日及5月16日 明確，則法庭須決定呈請人是否頗有可 D appealed partly on the ground that the judge in the lower court had 能取得實質勝訴。 misdirected the jury, which was told that 謀殺—案件情況是否存在重大錯 本案情況非常直接。儘管清盤令是原告 as a matter of law, D’s assault, whether 誤指引 by pushing or kicking, was unlawful. 人等的替代救濟，但他們已取得實質勝 被告人踢向受害人頭部，後者昏迷不 The prosecution conceded that this 訴，因此有權獲得訟費。 醒，26天後因頭顱出血不治。被告人其 was a misdirection, as the issue was a question of fact for the jury, but argued 後被裁定謀殺罪名成立。被告人提出願 that ultimately it did not matter given 意承認違法行為引致誤殺罪，但不為控 CRIMINAL 刑事 concessions by D’s counsel at trial that 方所接納，不過卻提交予陪審團作為控 D’s reaction went too far. D argued that 辯雙方承認的事實。被告人辯稱他無意 HKSAR v Leung Tak Wing the judge should have placed before the 造成真正的嚴重損害，而且提出認罪只 [2013] 3 HKLRD 451 jury the issue of self-defence, which was 不過是承認道義上的責任。 Court of Appeal not raised as a defence at trial. 被告人提出上訴，部分理由是下級法 Criminal Appeal No 479 of 2011 Held, quashing the conviction but 院的法官錯誤指引陪審團，向他們表 Stock ACJHC, Lunn JA and McWalters J ordering a retrial, that, inter alia: 示被告人作出的襲擊，不論是推或 4 October 2012, 24 April, 16 May 2013 Given D’s suggested perception of 踢，在法律上均屬違法。控方承認有 events, and the expert evidence, the 關爭議點是一個有待陪審團判斷的事 Murder — whether material question whether in fact D’s response misdirection in circumstances was clearly excessive was not one to be 實問題，因此這屬錯誤指引，但辯稱 of case withdrawn from the jury. Significantly, 被告人律師在審訊時承認被告人的反 although the judge said that the pushing 應過大，故此錯誤指引最終並沒有影 The defendant (“D”) was convicted itself was excessive and unlawful, 響結果。被告人認為原審法官應向陪 of murder after kicking his victim in on D’s account, this was at least 審團提出自衛的爭論點，而這點在審 the head after which the latter fell reasonably debatable. If the push might unconscious and died of an intracranial have caused the fatal injury and the 訊中並未提出作為抗辯。 haemorrhage 26 days later. D’s

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裁定 - 撤銷定罪但下令重審，除其他事 The defendant (“D”) was convicted of adopted so that Section 24(2) 項外： possession of firearms without a licence. imposes an evidential burden only During a search of D’s 100 sq ft flat, on a defendant; this aligns it with the 鑑於被告人提出對事件看法的建議及有 police found a stun gun in a plastic bag presumption of innocence as protected 關專家證據，法庭不應不讓陪審團決定 inside a plastic box next to D’s bed. In under the Basic Law. Here, there was 被告人的反應事實上是否明顯過大的問 a video-recorded interview (“VRI”), D material irregularity as the judge had 題。值得注意的是，雖然原審法官表示 said that he had found the stun gun in a erred in imposing the persuasive burden 案中那一推本身屬過大且違法，但為了 table he had taken home from a rubbish on D. D’s account in his VRI, if believed, 被告人的利益，這點至少合理地有值得 bin two years earlier. He thought it was a was evidence which could be taken by battery charger and so abandoned it in a jury to support his defence that while 商榷之處。假如被告人的一推是致命的 a corner of his flat. At trial, D challenged he was in physical possession of the 損傷及隨後踢向受害人 the admissibility of the VRI and said he implement, he did not know its nature. 會成為死亡的成因，那麼自衛的問題更 had been framed by the police, who had Thus, the evidential burden was satisfied 加會成為爭議所在。 in fact found the stun gun outside the and it was an issue fit to be left to the window of his flat. jury, or judge, as decider of facts. 因此，就有關證據而言，自衛的問題在 The judge in the lower court rejected D’s However, the judge did find as a fact that 原審時應由陪審團決定。鑑於本案的控 defences as lacking credibility. Among the stun gun was found on D’s premises 罪是謀殺，後果嚴重，因此尤其應由陪 other things, he found as a fact that and there was overwhelming evidence 審團決定。這問題最起碼應由法官與律 the stun gun was discovered inside that led him to reject D’s assertion that 師進行討論，但事實上卻沒有。 D’s extremely small flat. As Section he thought the stun gun was a battery 24(2) of the Firearms and Ammunition charger. Had the judge directed himself Ordinance (Cap. 238) provided, inter correctly that the presumption in Section alia, that any person who was proved to 24(2) placed an evidential burden only HKSAR v Mohammed Khan Shamim have arms in his possession “shall, until upon D, nevertheless, inevitably he [2013] 3 HKLRD 469 the contrary is proved, be presumed to would have convicted D of the offence. Court of Appeal have known [their] nature”. The judge Hence it was appropriate to apply the hence found that D had failed to rebut proviso. Criminal Appeal No 269 of 2012 the presumption. D appealed, arguing Lunn JA, Judianna Barnes and that the judge erred in relying on the 上訴法庭 McWalters JJ persuasive burden under this section to 23–24 May 2013 高等法院刑事上訴2012年第269號 convict him. 高等法院上訴法庭法官倫明高、 Possessing firearms without Held, dismissing the appeal, that: licence — mens rea — 高等法院原訟法庭法官張慧玲及 A remedial interpretation had been presumption of innocence 麥偉德 2013年5月23-24日

無牌管有火器—犯罪意圖—無罪 推定原則

被告人被裁定無牌管有火器罪成。警方在 搜查被告人面積僅約100呎的單位時，在 被告人的床旁邊的一個塑膠袋內發現一支 電槍。被告人在錄影會面中，表示他兩年 前在一個垃圾桶拾得一張桌子回家，並在 桌子中發現該電槍。他以為那是電池充電 器，因此把它丟在單位的一個角落裡。在 審訊中，被告人質疑該錄影會面的可接納 性，並且表示他被警察誣陷，指他們實際

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上是在他單位窗外發現該支電槍。 The defendant (“D”) was charged with final determination such as a verdict six counts of accepting an advantage convicting or acquitting the defendant, 下級法院的法官拒絕接納被告人的抗辯， as an agent, and a 10-day trial was since set-off of costs might come into 理由是缺乏可信性。除其他事項外，他 set for mid-October 2011. About one play. Here, if D’s intention was to wait 裁斷該支電槍在被告人那非常細小的單位 week before trial, the prosecution until the conclusion of the proceedings 內發現屬事實。《火器及彈藥條例》（ orally informed D’s counsel that upon before seeking costs, D should have 第238章）第24(2)條規定，任何人經證 commencement of trial, it would apply clearly indicated to the judge that an 明為管有任何槍械，「則在相反證明成立 to amend the indictment by substituting application for costs would be made at 前，須推定其為已知悉[槍械的]性質」等 one count of conspiracy to offer an the conclusion of the proceedings. advantage to an agent for the original 等。原審法官於是裁斷被告人未能反駁 six counts which would then become 有關推定。被告人提出上訴，指原審法官 上訴法庭 alternative charges. 依據此條例下的說服責任將他定罪是錯誤 高等法院刑事上訴2012年第143號 On the first day of trial, the prosecution 的。 高等法院首席法官張舉能、高等法 successfully applied to amend the 院上訴法庭副庭長楊振權及高等法 裁決 - 駁回上訴： indictment and for leave to file a further witness statement of a prosecution 院上訴法庭法官袁家寧 法庭已採用補救解釋，使第24(2)條只向 witness. D then successfully applied for 2013年2月6、25日 被告人施加證據責任，符合《基本法》下 an adjournment of trial, on the grounds 可享有的無罪推定原則。在本案中，原審 that the latest prosecution moves 控方應否負責押後審訊所導致的 法官錯誤向被告人施加說服責任，因此 affected D’s trial preparations. But D 辯方訟費 存在重大的不當之處。如被告人在錄影會 neither sought a costs order against the 面中的敍述獲陪審團信納，可作為支持他 prosecution nor reserved its right to do 被告人被控以六項代理人接受利益罪，案 so. 抗辯理由（即他實際管有該電槍但並不知 件排期在2011年10月中旬開審，為期十 悉其性質）的證據。因此，證據責任已履 The trial began in January 2012 before 天。控方在開審前約一星期以口頭通知被 行，而且這個問題適合交由作為事實決策 another judge, and D was convicted 告人律師，表示控方會在開審時修改公訴 and sentenced on the conspiracy 者的陪審團或法官決定。 書，將原來六項控罪改為一項串謀向代理 charge. D then applied for costs against 人提供利益罪，而原來的六項控罪則成為 然而，原審法官確實裁斷電槍是在被告人 the prosecution partly because the 交替控罪。 的處所發現為事實，而且有大量證據導致 prosecution’s application to amend 他拒絕被告人指以為電槍是電池充電器的 the indictment was made too late. The 開審當天，控方成功申請修改公訴書，並 judge ruled against the prosecution, who 說法。即使原審法官正確給予自己指示， 獲法庭批准將一名控方證人新提交的證人 appealed. 即第24(2)條的推定只向被告人施加證據 供詞存檔。被告人隨即以控方此舉會影響 責任，他亦無可避免地會裁定被告人罪 Held, allowing the appeal and 被告人的備審工序為理由，申請押後審 dismissing D’s application for costs, 成。因此，採用有關但書是適當的。 訊，並獲法庭批准。然而，被告人並沒有 that, inter alia: 提出申請要求控方負責訟費，亦沒有表示 The court could take into account delay 會保留申請訟費的權利。 in applying for costs in considering how 審訊於2012年1月在另一名法官席前開 HKSAR v Au Yeung Lai Hung Doris to exercise its discretion in determining [2013] 3 HKLRD 586 costs. Generally, where a party 審，被告人被裁定串謀罪罪成，並就罪行 Court of Appeal considered that a decision had been 被判刑。隨後，被告人申請要求控方負責 made by the court which would lead 訟費，其中一個原因是控方修改公訴書的 Criminal Appeal No 143 of 2012 to costs being incurred and that the 申請太遲提出。原審法官判控方敗訴，控 Cheung CJHC, Yeung V-P, Yuen JA opposite party should bear such costs, 方提出上訴。 6, 25 February 2013 it should immediately apply for costs as the court would be in a better position to 裁決 - 批准上訴及駁回被告人的訟費申 decide then. 請，除其他事項外： Whether prosecution should pay costs of defendant arising Where criminal cases were concerned, a 法庭考慮如何行使酌情權就訟費作出決定 from adjournment of trial more proper approach was to withhold 時，可以延誤申請訟費作為考慮的因素。 making a decision on costs pending

68 www.hk-lawyer.org November 2013 • CASES IN BRIEF 案 例 撮 要

一般而言，當法庭作出某決定而訴訟一 Permanent stay of proceedings from the recording by the ICAC of a 方認為該決定會導致訟費損失及對方要 — infringement of legal non-prejudicial statement from a witness 負責該些訟費損失時，該訴訟一方應立 professional privilege — court who had testified under immunity. Then, 刻向法庭提出訟費申請，原因是該法庭 required to consider all relevant the witness took the initiative to talk about the communication at a meeting 於當時較適宜作出決定。 factors, including whether applicant prejudiced by reason between D1–2, their law firm, and several 在刑事案件中，較適當的處理方法是等候 of relevant misconduct others including herself. D1 argued, inter 案件最終審結，例如被告人被裁定有罪或 alia, that the lower court erred in finding 無罪後，才作出訟費的裁決，因為屆時或 Two defendants (“D1-2”) were convicted that no prejudice was caused to him by of charges of conspiracy to defraud, 可進行訟費抵銷。在本案中，如被告人有 the ICAC’s breach of LPP. including using fake commercial invoices 意等候案件審結才申請訟費，則被告人應 Held, dismissing the applications, to cause six banks to grant loans, and that, inter alia: 向法官表明會在案件審結時申請訟費。 to fudge turnover and profit figures of a Singapore-listed company. They LPP was an “absolute right” in that it were also top executives of the entity’s was not liable to be abrogated by reason HKSAR v Chow Yiu Man Raymond parent company. D1–2 applied for leave of the public interest in apprehending [2013] 3 HKLRD 770 to appeal against conviction, seeking a and prosecuting criminals, no matter permanent stay of proceedings based how compelling such interest might be. Court of Appeal on that the Independent Commission However, the issue here was a different Criminal Appeal No 445 of 2011 Against Corruption (“ICAC”) had one, that is, whether the infringement Cheung and Yuen JJA and Barnes J deliberately infringed their legal of LPP warranted a stay of criminal 4–6 December 2012, 24 January 2013 professional privilege (“LPP”). This arose proceedings.

www.hk-lawyer.org 69 • November 2013

The ICAC had been bona fide without 證人陳述書。當時該名證人主動談及某 deliberately probing for the privileged 次會面時的溝通內容，該會上有第一及 information from the witness and that 第二被告人、其律師事務所及包括她在 misconduct of the ICAC had not caused 內的數名人士。第一被告人辨稱（除其 any prejudice to D1. With respect to the 他事項外）下級法院裁定廉署違反保密 findings on law, in determining whether 權並沒有對他造成損害是錯誤的。 the infringement of LPP warranted a stay of criminal proceedings - which 裁決 - 駁回申請，除其他事項外： was only justified in highly-exceptional 保密權是一個絕對的權利，即不論公眾利 circumstances - the court had to balance 益要求將罪犯繩之以法是何等的強烈，亦 all the relevant factors. 不是可以侵犯這權利的理由。然而，現在 In his application, D1 did not rely on 考慮的議題並不一樣，而是法庭是否因為 the first limb of the relevant legal 保密權被侵犯而需要擱置聆訊。 principle, that he could not possibly have a fair trial. He used instead the 廉署一直本著真誠的動機，沒有刻意向 second limb, that the conduct of the 該名證人探取這些保密權的資料，而且 C to live with her parents. The father ICAC offended the Court’s sense of 廉署的不當行為沒有對第一被告人造成 (“F”) sought custody, care and control justice and propriety, thereby rendering 任何損害。就法律裁決方面，法庭在決 of C and in the two-year period pending the prosecution abusive. In contrast to 定是否因為保密權被侵犯而需要擱置聆 the trial, castigated M’s character, her the first limb, an application under the 訊時（只有在非常例外的情況下才有充 family and care of C. The lower court, second limb did not focus on protecting based on social investigation and clinical the accused from unfair treatment. 分理由支持擱置），必須衡量所有有關 psychologist reports, found that C was 的因素。 emotionally closer to M as her primary 上訴法庭 第一被告人的申請不是引用相關法律 care; F’s criticisms of M as a caregiver 高等法院刑事上訴2011年第445號 原則的第一類別，即他無法獲得公平審 were unfounded. F applied for leave to appeal. 高等法院上訴法庭法官張澤祐及 訊。他是根據第二類別，即廉署的行 袁家寧及高等法院原訟法庭法官 為令法院的司法公正感及適當性受到侵 Held, dismissing the application, that: 犯，構成濫用檢控。有別於第一類別， 張慧玲 The court must consider practical reality 2012年12月4-6日、2013年1月 第二類別的申請重點並不是要避免被告 - if joint custody was unworkable, the 24日 人受到不公平的對待。 court should not order joint custody and encourage parties to come together, as positive as that sounds. There might be 永久擱置聆訊—侵犯法律專業保 FAMILY 家庭 occasions when the parents’ ability to 密權—法庭需要考慮所有有關連 reach any sensible accord on important 的因素，包括申請人是否因有關 CCMJ v SSM [2013] 3 HKLRD 497 matters concerning the upbringing of 不當行為受到不利 Court of Appeal their child was so deeply undermined that forcing cooperation could leave Miscellaneous Proceedings No 178 of 兩名被告人（即第一及第二被告人）被 the child more vulnerable. This is a 2013 裁定各項串謀詐騙罪罪成，包括使用虛 case in point - F was determined to 假的商業發票令六間銀行批出貸款，以 Cheung CJHC and Yuen JA micromanage every aspect and minutiae 及捏造一間新加坡上市公司的營業額及 25 June 2013 of C’s life and this made a joint custody 利潤數字。他們亦是該公司之母公司的 order impossible. 高層管理人員。第一及第二被告人就定 Joint custody unworkable 上訴法庭 罪提出上訴許可申請，要求永久擱置聆 having regard to practical 訊，理由是廉政公署（下稱「廉署」） reality of situation 雜項案件2013年第178號 蓄意侵犯他們的法律專業保密權利（下 高等法院首席法官張舉能及高等法 A child (“C”) was born in November 稱「保密權」）。事件源自廉署向一名 院上訴法庭法官袁家寧 2008 to cohabitees. About six months 2013年6月25日 以特赦身分作供的證人錄取不具損害性 later, the mother (“M”) moved out with

70 www.hk-lawyer.org November 2013 • CASES IN BRIEF 案 例 撮 要

經考慮現實情況，共同管養並不 the defendants (“Ds”) purchased the 滋擾—滲水—對聲音敏感通常不 可行 flat immediately above (“Flat 4A”) and 列為考慮因素 leased it out. P claimed that in 2005, 一名兒童（下稱「該兒童」）於2008年 renovations carried out by the previous 原告人是三樓某單位（下稱「3A室」） 11月出生，其父母為同居男女。該兒童 Flat 4A owner resulted in altered floor 的業主，自1996年起一直與家人居於該 的母親（下稱「母親」）於大約6個月後 slabs and additional water pipes that 處。2008年3月，被告人等購入正上方 帶同該兒童遷出，並與她父母同住。該 transmitted loud sounds downstairs. 的單位（下稱「4A室」），並把物業租 Also, a toilet was constructed above P’s 兒童的父親（下稱「父親」）向法庭申 出。原告人稱，4A室的前業主在2005年 bedroom and water had seeped into her 請取得該兒童的管養、照顧和管束的權 進行改建，導致地台改動並增添水管， ceiling, parts of which turned black with 利，並在候審的兩年期間，持續批評母 bubbles. 使響聲傳到樓下。此外，改建後有一廁 親的性格、她的家人和她對該兒童的照 所加建在原告人的睡房之上且天花板出 P sued Ds to solve the issues while 顧。下級法院根據社會福利調查報告及 現滲水，部分顏色變黑，表面凸出。 seeking damages for repair costs and 臨床心理學家報告，裁斷該兒童在感情 mental distress. The parties’ joint 原告人入稟要求被告人等解決有關問 上與其主要照顧者即母親較密切，而父 surveying expert and a Food and 題，並賠償維修費用和精神損失。雙方 親對母親照顧能力的批評是無根據的。 Environmental Hygiene Department 共同委任的測量專家及一名食物環境衞 父親提出上訴許可申請。 officer agreed that the problems had 生署人員均同意有關問題在被告人等購 deteriorated before Ds purchased Flat 裁決 - 駁回申請： 4A and continued until at least August 入4A室前已惡化，並一直持續最少直到 2009. However, the judge in the lower 2009年8月。下級法院的法官依據原告 法庭必須考慮實際情況，如果共同管養 court, relying on P’s evidence in her 人在申索陳述書中就滲水提出的證據， 不可行，則儘管看似正面，法庭亦不應 statement of claim as to the water 裁定滲水在被告人等購入4A室後不久已 作出共同管養令及鼓勵雙合作。有些情 seepage, found that it probably ceased 經停止，並撤銷原告人的申索。原告人 況下，父母已完全無法就子女教養的重 shortly after Ds purchased Flat 4A and 提出上訴。 要事宜達成理性協議，如勉強合作，反 dismissed P’s claim. P appealed.

而令子女更易遭受傷害。本案正是一 Held, allowing the appeal, that, 裁決 - 批准上訴，除其他事項外： 例—父親決意以微觀方式管理該兒童生 inter alia: 原審法官在衡量滲水一事上犯錯，而被 活的每個方面和細節，令共同管養令變 The judge erred in her assessment of 告人作為4A室的現任業主需要為此負上 得不可行。 the water seepage and that Ds, as the 法律責任。原審法官的結論與專家證據 current owners of Flat 4A, were liable 抵觸，但她卻沒有作出解釋。 for it. Her conclusion was contrary to the TORT 侵權 joint expert’s evidence, though this went 此外，法官以原告人對聲音特別敏感這 unexplained. 點無須考慮為理由而就噪音作出的裁定 Ng Yuen Han v Lam Fei Fui Further, the judge erred in her ruling 是錯誤的。 [2013] 3 HKLRD 608 on noise in that P’s unusually sensitive Court of Appeal hearing was not to be taken into account. Civil Appeal No 285 of 2011 For full summaries and judgments, please refer to Kwan and Chu JJA and Jeremy Poon J 上訴法庭 Westlaw and Hong Kong Law 4 December 2012, 25 March 2013 Reports & Digest at 高等法院民事上訴2011年第285號 www.westlaw.com.hk Nuisance — water seepage — 高等法院上訴法庭法官關淑馨及 就完整的摘要和判決書，請到 sensitive hearing not typically 朱芬齡及高等法院原訟法庭法官 taken into account 潘兆初 www.westlaw.com.hk 參閱Westlaw及《香港法律彙 The plaintiff (“P”) owned a third floor flat 2012年12月4日、2013月3月25日 (“Flat 3A”) in which she had lived with 報與摘錄》。 her family since 1996. In March 2008,

www.hk-lawyer.org 71 • November 2013

LEGISLATION UPDATES 立法新知 REUTERS/Bobby Yip

Legal Notices • 2013/155 Interpretation and General Clauses Ordinance - Amendments to Ordinances/Subsidiary Legislation Resolution of the Legislative Council -《釋義及通則條例》- • 2013/147 Post Office (Amendment) Regulation 2013 - 立法會決議 《2013年郵政署 (修訂) 規例》 • 2013/156 Electronic Transactions (Exclusion) (Amendment) • 2013/148 Inland Revenue (Double Taxation Relief and Order 2013 -《2013年電子交易(豁免) (修訂)令》 Prevention of Fiscal Evasion with respect to Taxes on • 2013/157 Pharmacy and Poisons Ordinance - Resolution of 《稅務 (關於收入稅項的雙重課 Income) (Guernsey) Order - the Legislative Council -《藥劑業及毒藥條例》- 立法會決議 稅寬免和防止逃稅) (根西島) 令》 • 2013/158 Pharmacy and Poisons (Amendment) (No. 5) • 2013/149 Inland Revenue (Double Taxation Relief and Regulation 2013 -《2013年藥劑業及毒藥(修訂) (第5號) Prevention of Fiscal Evasion with respect to Taxes on 規例》 Income) (Italian Republic) Order - 《稅務 (關於收入稅項的 雙重課稅寬免和防止逃稅) (意大利共和國) 令》 • 2013/159 Poisons List (Amendment) (No. 5) Regulation 2013 -《2013年毒藥表(修訂) (第5號)規例》 • 2013/150 Inland Revenue (Double Taxation Relief and • 2013/160 Air Pollution Control (Air Pollutant Emission) Prevention of Fiscal Evasion with respect to Taxes on (Controlled Vehicles) Regulation -《空氣污染管制(空氣污染 Income) (State of Qatar) Order -《稅務 (關於收入稅項的雙 物排放)(受管制車輛)規例》 重課稅寬免和防止逃稅) (卡塔爾國) 令》 • 2013/161 Companies Ordinance (Amendment of Schedule • 2013/151 Road Traffic (Public Service Vehicles) 7) Notice 2013 -《2013年公司條例(修訂附表7)公告》 (Amendment) Regulation 2013 - 《2013年道路交通 (公共 服務車輛) (修訂) 規例》 • 2013/162 Companies Ordinance (Amendment of Schedule 10) Notice 2013 -《2013年公司條例(修訂附表10)公告》 • 2013/152 Country Parks (Designation) (Consolidation) (Amendment) Order 2013 - 《2013年郊野公園 (指定) • 2013/163 Companies Ordinance (Commencement) Notice (綜合) (修訂) 令》 2013 -《2013年〈公司條例〉(生效日期)公告》 • 2013/153 Arbitration (Amendment) Ordinance 2013 • 2013/164 Lifts and Escalators Ordinance (Commencement) (Commencement) Notice -《〈2013年仲裁 (修訂) 條例〉 Notice 2013 -《2013年〈升降機及自動梯條例〉(生效日期) (生效日期) 公告》 公告》 • 2013/154 Interpretation and General Clauses Ordinance - • 2013/165 United Nations Sanctions (Somalia) Resolution of the Legislative Council - 《釋義及通則條例》- (Amendment) (No. 2) Regulation 2013 -《2013年聯合國制 立法會決議 裁(索馬里)(修訂)(第2號)規例》

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PROFESSIONAL MOVES 會員動向

Newly - Admitted Members 新 會 員

CHEN SHULING RAI RIGAM ARSENAULT PIERRE-LUC 陳淑玲 YEONG & CO. CHAN YAU KIT 楊潤康律師行 ONC LAWYERS 陳友傑 柯伍陳律師事務所 HOBSON & MA 何柏生馬華潤律師行

CHAN YING LAM ANGELA 陳映霖 PANG & CO. FARDON ELOISE WARDE CONOR KATE THOMAS CHENG CHEUK HIM STEPHENSON CLYDE & CO. 鄭卓謙 HARWOOD 其禮律師行 CHEUNG & LIU, SOLICITORS 羅夏信律師事務所 張廖律師事務所

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HO CHAK KWUN WONG CHUN HIN CHEUNG LAM CHAU 張林秋 何澤群 MICHAEL PAU & COMPANY, 黃峻顯 HO & TAM, SOLICITORS 何譚律師事務所 LOUIS K.Y. CHAU & CO., K.B. 包建原律師事務所 周啟邦律師事務所 CHONG SO YING 莊素英

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KO TING YAN 高庭恩 Partnerships and Firms CHEUNG VINCENT T.K., YAP & CO. 合夥人及律師行變動 張葉司徒陳律師事務所 changes received as from 1 September 2013 KWAN CHI KIT 取自2013年9月1日起香港律師會所提供之最新資料 關智傑

KWOK CHEUK YAN 郭卓欣 LO & LO 羅文錦律師樓 • ARSENAULT PIERRE-LUC • KIDD DAVID JOHN joined Kirkland & Ellis as a partner as ceased to be the sole practitioner of LAU TIN HANG EDDIE from 03/10/2013. David Kidd & Co. as from 01/10/2013 劉天恒 自2013年10月3日加入凱易律師事務所為 and the firm closed on the same date. TSO AU YIM & YEUNG 合夥人。 Mr. Kidd joined Linklaters as a partner 曹歐嚴楊律師行 as from 01/10/2013. LEE HAO YI JACQUELINE • BERRY SIMON HUGH 傑大衛 ceased to be a partner of Latham & 李皞頤 自2013年10月1日辭去DAVID KIDD & Watkins and remains as a consultant of CO.獨資經營者一職，而該行於同日結 LI YING the firm as from 01/10/2013. 黎 映 業。 傑律師自2013年10月1日加入年 自2013年10月1日辭去瑞生國際律師事務 HAU V. & CHOW 利達律師事務所為合夥人。 所合夥人一職，但仍繼續擔任該行顧問一 侯穎承周明寶律師事務所 職。 • KILNER PETER KENELM LIU CHEEN MAN became a partner of Clifford Chance 廖展文 • CHEUNG KIU YAN NATALIA as from 03/10/2013. joined Pang, Kung & Co. as a partner as LEUNG & CO., S.H. 自2013年10月3日成為高偉紳律師行合 from 02/10/2013. 梁肇漢律師樓 夥人。 張翹欣 TANG TIM SIK • KING BRETTON WILLIAM 鄧添識 自2013年10月2日加入彭孔律師行為合夥 人。 became a partner of Paul Hastings as WONG, KWAN & CO. from 24/09/2013. 黃東強關獻機律師行 • CHUNG HING TO RAYMOND 自2013年9月24日成為普衡律師事務所 TSANG KA FAI WALTER ceased to be the sole practitioner of 合夥人。 曾家輝 Chung Fong & Co. as from 01/10/2013 HAMPTON, WINTER AND GLYNN and the firm was intervened by the Law • KO KWAN FUNG 咸頓金仕騰律師行 Society on the same date. ceased to be a partner of Ho & 鍾慶滔 Partners as from 02/10/2013. WONG PAN 高崑峰 黃 斌 自2013年10月1日終止獨資經營鍾方律師 行，而該行亦於同日被香港律師會介入而 自2013年10月2日辭去何君雄何翠蓮何 WONG HOI-YING PAULINE 終止營業。 君全律師事務所合夥人一職。 黃凱迎 BOASE COHEN & COLLINS • LAM CHI YEUNG JIMMY 布高江律師行 • CLARKE CHRISTOPHER JOHN DAVID became a partner of Y.T. Chan & Co. as ceased to be a partner of DLA Piper from 01/10/2013. WONG SIN FAI Hong Kong as from 01/10/2013. 黃善輝 林子洋 TANG, LAI & LEUNG 簡基華 自2013年10月1日成為陳應達律師事務 梁錫濂, 黃國基, 吳志彬律師行 自2013年10月1日辭去歐華律師事務所合 所合夥人。 夥人一職。 WONG YONG KAI 黃榮凱 CITIC CAPITAL HOLDINGS LTD

74 www.hk-lawyer.org November 2013 • PROFESSIONAL MOVES 會 員 動 向

• LAM CHUN-KIT • LO HOI YEE CINDY • YIP KIN CHEONG ceased to be a partner of Jones Day joined Allen & Overy as a partner as ceased to be a partner of Charles as from 01/10/2013, and joined DLA from 06/09/2013. Yeung Clement Lam Liu & Yip and Piper Hong Kong as a partner on the 勞凱怡 remains as a consultant of the firm as same date. from 01/10/2013. 自2013年9月6日加入安理國際律師事 林俊傑 務所為合夥人。 葉建昌 自2013年10月1日辭去眾達國際法律事 自2013年10月1日辭去楊漢源林炳坤律 務所合夥人一職，並於同日加入歐華律 師事務所合夥人一職，但仍繼續擔任該 師事務所為合夥人。 • MAK KING TIM 行顧問一職。 joined Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer • LAM MING FAI as a partner as from 23/09/2013. • ZHANG FAN ceased to be a partner of DLA Piper 麥景添 ceased to be a partner of Kirkland & Hong Kong as from 01/10/2013, and Ellis as from 28/09/2013. 自2013年9月23日加入富而德律師事務 joined Li, Wong, Lam & W.I. Cheung 所為合夥人。 張 帆 as a consultant as from 02/10/2013. 自2013年9月28日辭去凱易律師事務所 林名輝 • VAN DALE JENNIFER A. 合夥人一職。 自2013年10月1日辭去歐華律師事務所 joined Gall as a partner as from 合夥人一職，並於2013年10月2日加入 02/09/2013. 張永賢‧李黃林律師行為顧問。 自2013年9月2日加入高嘉力律師行為 合夥人。 • LAU WING became a partner of Kirkland & Ellis • WONG CHUN HIN as from 01/10/2013. ceased to be the sole practitioner of 劉 穎 C.H. Wong & Co as from 01/10/2013 and the firm closed on the same date. 自2013年10月1日成為凱易律師事務所 黃振軒 合夥人。 自2013年10月1日辭去黃振軒律師行獨 • LEE JAE WOO 資經營者一職，而該行於同日結業。 joined Ropes & Gray as a partner as from 23/09/2013. • YAM KIN FUNG 自2013年9月23日加入羅普斯‧格雷律 became a partner of Kennedys as 師事務所為合夥人。 from 01/10/2013. 任建峰 • LIM WILLY 自2013年10月1日成為肯尼狄律師行合 commenced practice as the sole 夥人。 practitioner in the name of Willy Lim & Co as from 01/10/2013. 林偉力 自2013年10月1日獨資經營新開業林偉 力律師事務所。

www.hk-lawyer.org 75 • November 2013 WHAT TO DO IN PARIS WITH A BABY 暢遊巴黎指南之嬰兒出行篇

By Penelope Shen, Associate Deacons 作者 沈汶蒑律師 的近律師行

Funds lawyer Penny suggests where to go and what to do in the City of Lights if you were a little less than free and easy. The author chasing her son on the Pont de l’Archevêché bridge, which is packed with “love” locks. The famous locks are symbols of love put there by couples hoping to “lock down” their feelings for each other. They also act as magnets for babies who just want to play with them all day. 作者在擠滿了「愛」鎖的拉歇微歇橋上與她的兒子追逐。戀人們把這些「愛」鎖放在這裡 是希望將他們對彼此的愛意鎖上，亦是他們愛情的象徵。這些鎖也變成了磁石，可供嬰兒 玩樂一整天。。 76 www.hk-lawyer.org November 2013 • AFTER WORK 工 餘 閒 情

ur second time in Paris was no better way to see Paris than by foot. from the Babylonian and Assyrian less magical than the first – well, O One of the most scenic of these periods through to the Renaissance. that is, if you discount the fact that my walks is by the River Seine, which This way, we also managed to cut husband and I now brought along our takes you past storied attractions the regular and oh-so-long queue one-year-old munchkin. like the Louvre Museum, Notre of tourists lining up at the entrance, Was it a refreshing holiday? No. Dame Cathedral, Musee d’Orsay, and navigated the museum more Physically, I needed a break to recover and the Eiffel Tower. You might easily via the sparser elevator route. from this break. consider cycling as well, by taking Granted, it was a bit more expensive out bicycles from one of the many but we thought it was money Was it memorable? Most definitely so, city-wide automated kiosks along well-spent, given the alternative for both its most tenuous and sweetest the river bank. All you need is a of negotiating large crowds, while moments, in equal measure. credit card – the kiosk does not getting lost amid rooms and rooms Would I advocate travelling with a take cash. The first 30 minutes are of history. By Penelope Shen, Associate Deacons one year old who blabs unintelligible free, though you would still have to 作者 沈汶蒑律師 的近律師行 3. Stroll the Jardin du Luxembourg “dadadas” for eight of the 12 hours that register with the card. he is awake each day, and cries like and other similar gardens While you may cycle all over the city there’s no tomorrow for the other four? Inspired by Florence’s Boboli – these kiosks are truly everywhere, (I’m exaggerating of course - he does Gardens, the Luxembourg Gardens so much so that Parisians make other sounds as well.) has acres of space for the kid themselves commute to work to toddle along, as well as a Oh yes. For us Hong Kong lawyers on these bikes - it is much more playground to exert his energies who work double-digit daily hours on relaxing doing this just by the river upon. Parents of older children, average, there is nothing like caring for where there is limited or no traffic especially, will relish kicking their your baby in a foreign country all by at all. Especially since there will be shoes aside and watching their yourself (and your partner of course, a child dangling from your body, children at their own antics. and by this word I mean the real types possibly shrieking with delight like who matter, not those in the office). In ours did. We also enjoyed feeding the ducks and birds at the main pond that spite of the hassle, fatigue and aches, it We also loved ambling through is known as the Great Basin, and is liberating to know that you can do it the many florists and nurseries at watching our son observe the birds after all. street level somewhere between the like they were aliens, which, to him, Louvre and Notre Dame, where they But enough of my paean to parenthood they might as well have been. I am sell all sorts of plants and garden and my child. Here are four things that unsure if it would have been better knick-knacks. I bought a pot of we really enjoyed with our son in the if our munchkin could walk when lavender but I don’t think it’s going City of Lights, especially for kindred we visited the place – he would to survive in my balcony right this souls who might be traveling there certainly enjoy crunching his feet moment (it might very well be dead with their wee ones over the coming over the endless Christmas or Chinese New Year periods. by the time you read this). Of course, the usual warnings about 2. Sign up for a museum pick-pockets and other conmen apply, tour though we don’t believe that we Since European museums encountered any of them. We probably are so big that it would take looked too messy and wild-eyed with hours before you could find fatigue to appeal to criminals, who in all your way through them, your likelihood pitied us and left us alone. child is bound to get restless and irritable before you can 1. Walk/Cycle by the River Seine say “Mona Lisa”. Bring both a stroller and baby Instead, we hired a two-hour The author chasing her son on the Pont de l’Archevêché bridge, which is packed with harness on the trip; the latter will tour that took us through the “love” locks. The famous locks are symbols of love put there by couples hoping to “lock come in very useful while walking down” their feelings for each other. They also act as magnets for babies who just want along the city’s narrow, oftentimes most significant pieces the to play with them all day. cobbled, pavements. Plus there is no Louvre has to offer, starting The author’s son examining the grass at the Jardin du 作者在擠滿了「愛」鎖的拉歇微歇橋上與她的兒子追逐。戀人們把這些「愛」鎖放在這裡 Luxembourg or Luxembourg Gardens. 是希望將他們對彼此的愛意鎖上，亦是他們愛情的象徵。這些鎖也變成了磁石，可供嬰兒 筆者兒子在盧森堡公園花園的草地上檢查著青草。 玩樂一整天。。 www.hk-lawyer.org 77 • November 2013

pebbled paths but at the same his objections were well received, time, he might also bounce easily loudly and clearly, if a tad and gleefully into the Basin. unintelligibly. Sympathetic waiters The park is entirely outdoors would try to placate him with milk though, so check the weather or biscuits, to little avail. forecast first before penning it My husband and I believe we have into your schedule. pretty thick skins but the thick Another park that we visited hostility that emanated from fellow was out in the outskirts in patrons simply melted us to the the commune of Chatou/ Le bones. We decided to be considerate instead and leave - our son had Vesinet, where nearby residents At the flower market near Notre Dame Cathedral, along gather daily to rest and relax. the Seine. stripped us of one of our best The park comes complete with 沿著塞納河畔聖母院附近的花卉市場。 defences. a healthy eco-system that is 2. Drive a two-door convertible home to more ducks, geese, swans, be good to decide how much you We rented a four-door Renault egrets, and other assorted birds. would like to spend at the market, Megane family sedan online for three Some of these came so close to us and bring just the right amount of days, for a road trip to Champagne, that our son, quite hilariously, tried but were given a more expensive talking to them; he certainly sounds money to avoid carrying too much of Mercedes SLK convertible instead at more like them than us. it around. A nice painting could set you back anywhere between a few no extra cost. The pleasantness of The commune, I learnt from hundred to a few thousand euros, our initial surprise quickly evaporated Wikipedia, also hosted the Maison though a typical flea market patron when we realised that the car had Fournaise, a meeting point like me will always harbour hopes no space for our luggage, and a car for Impressionist painters in that it could turn out to be a long- seat for the baby. Plus, it was difficult the past. Its surroundings also lost priceless masterpiece. getting in and out of the back seat apparently inspired some of Pierre- with our child. Auguste Renoir’s works, most This market was also of the perfect notably the Dejeuner des Canotiers size for us, since we walked through Why we never got such a deal before in 1881. Certainly, there would be it in just an hour, right before our he came along is one of the great worse places to bring your offspring baby got bored of his toy Citroen. mysteries of life that shall forever elude me. to. Conversely, depending on the 4. Visit a flea market temperament and age of your child, 3. Take a long-haul flight here are some things that we learnt There are many in Paris but we Not surprisingly, our son slept for just NOT to do with our one year old, unless went to the National Flea Market of a third of the 11-hour journey, and he’s asleep of course: Chatou since we were in that vicinity, fidgeted for the remaining time. We kept him entertained by constantly and after reading up more about the 1. Sit at a café and watch the world feeding him his favourite snacks rising number of pick-pockets in the go by/ Dine at a fancy, world- (raisins and bread) and carrying him bigger Parisian flea markets. famous restaurant up and down the plane. And because There are plenty of delightful This sounds idyllic for a city like my husband and I wanted to catch second-hand bargains to be had Paris and while we certainly did a an in-flight movie while the baby was if you are into old bric-a-brac – we lot of this on our first visit when it asleep, we ended up not sleeping picked out a red, previously-shiny was just my husband and me, our at all for the entire duration of the die-cast vintage toy car for our son, one year old did not afford us the flight, there and back. who just loved it. Paintings, mirrors, same luxury this time round. For chairs, plates, bowls, chests… they some reason, he didn’t think sipping But since the flight is an inevitable have it all, ranging from cheap to a cup of café crème or glass of part of going to Paris, there is dear. champagne on the sidewalks of one nothing one can do about it till they invent the teleporter. Cash would be the most convenient of the world’s most romantic locales way to settle transactions so it would counted as worthwhile activity. And Happy travels! n

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想帶孩子出遊又怕弄得手忙腳亂？ 今期有從事基金事務的沈汶蒑律師 為大家介紹巴黎的親子好去處。

The author’s son feeding the ducks in the Parisian commune of Chatou. 筆者的兒子在巴黎Chatou餵鴨子。

個假期讓你一洗疲累嗎？不。我 歌頌母愛和讚美小兒的話到此為止。我 博物館及艾菲爾鐵塔等名勝。你亦可 這的身體需要另一個假期才可恢復 們在這個浪漫之都有四項行程，令我們 以考慮以單車代步，全市設有多個自 元氣。 與小兒都非常愉快，如果大家有意在即 助單車租賃站，河畔沿岸亦可找到。 將到來的聖誕節或農曆新年期間到巴黎 只要你有信用卡便可租用單車，注意 這個假期難忘嗎？絕對是，當中苦樂參 親子遊的話，尤其適合。 租賃站並不接受現金。首30分鐘是免 半。 當然，大家必須注意不要被小偷和其他 費的，但仍需先登記信用卡。 我會否建議大家帶著牙牙學語的一歲孩 騙徒有機可乘，不過慶幸我們此行不曾 你可以選擇騎單車遊覽整個城市，這 子同遊，每天他清醒的12個小時中，用 遇到任何這類麻煩。可能因為我們看來 些單車站確實隨處可見，甚至巴黎的 上8個小時不斷「da-da-da」的不知所 又髒又亂、目露怒光且滿臉倦意，無法 本地人上班時亦以這些單車代步，不 云地叫，其餘4個小時則哭得像世界末 引起歹徒的興趣，他們大有可能是基於 過，在河畔只有少量甚至沒有車輛， 日一樣？(我是誇張了，他當然有發出其 同情而不向我們埋手。 而且孩子會在你身上晃來晃去，更可 他叫聲。) 1. 在塞納河畔漫步/騎單車 能像小兒般歡天起地地尖叫，故此在 當然會。香港律師平均每天工作十小時以 務必帶備嬰兒車及嬰兒帶隨行，走在 河畔騎單車較為輕鬆寫意。 上，但若論辛勞程度，則遠遠不及身處外 巴黎的路上時，你會發現當地的行人 我們亦喜歡在羅浮宮與巴黎聖母院之 地全憑一己(以及你的partner)之力照顧嬰 路相當狹窄，而且大多以卵石鋪成， 間的某街道上閒逛，那裡有許多花店 孩(就partner一詞，我指的是真正的另一 嬰兒帶其時就能發揮作用。再者，遊 和苗圃，出售各種植物和園林小玩意 半，而並不是辦公室裡的partner)。雖然 覽巴黎的最佳方法莫過於步行。 兒。筆者買了一盆薰衣草，但它這刻 麻煩多多、累透且周身酸痛，但畢竟知道 塞納河畔是景色最美的路徑之一，沿 正在陽台上垂死掙扎(大家閱讀本文時 自己能做到也是樂事。 途可飽覽羅浮宮、巴黎聖母院、奧賽 它很可能已枯萎了）。

www.hk-lawyer.org 79 • November 2013

2. 參加博物館導賞團 帶來啟發，其中最引人注目的是 由於歐洲的博物館都非常大，單是四 1881年的《船上的午宴》。當 處摸索就可能需要花上數小時之久， 然，此處不太適合親子活動。 你還未見到「蒙娜麗莎」，孩子必定 4. 參觀跳蚤市場 已顯得煩躁不安。 巴黎雖不乏跳蚤市場，但我們剛 因此，我們參加了一個兩小時的導 好在Chatou附近，而且得悉巴黎 賞團，由導賞人員帶領著欣賞在羅 那些跳蚤市場的偷竊情況日益嚴 浮宮展出的各項的重要作品，從巴 重，於是便決定到Chatou的全國 比倫和亞述時期開始，直到文藝復 Lounging around in Champagne. 跳蚤市場。 在香檳莊園閒逛。 興時期。如此一來，我們亦無須在 如果你喜歡古舊小擺設的話，那 博物館入口輪候那排得長長的遊客 裡有許多二手便宜貨可供選擇，令 人龍，並可使用相對較少人流的電 但這種情況很少出現。 人目不暇給。我們為小兒挑選了一輛 梯路線遊覽博物館。 筆者與丈夫雖相當厚顏，但亦抵擋不 有點退色的紅色壓鑄復古玩具車，他 雖然這樣較昂貴，但既可避過大量人 住其他食客對我們發出的濃濃敵意。 喜歡得不得了。畫作、鏡子、椅子、 群，亦不會迷失於一間又一間的歷史 於是，我們決定為他人着想離開現 碗碟、箱子等等，應有盡有，豐儉由 展覽室之中，我們認為是值得。 場—小兒反應如此，我們還有力反抗 人。 嗎？ 3. 在盧森堡公園及其他類似花園閒逛 以現金交易最方便，故理想的做法 以意大利佛羅倫斯波波里花園為靈感 是，事先決定預計在跳蚤市場會花 2. 駕駛雙門開篷汽車 的盧森堡公園，設有大量空間讓孩子 多少錢，然後只帶備剛好足夠的款 為了香檳莊園之旅，我們原本租用了 蹣跚學步，而且有一個遊樂場讓他發 項前往，以免隨身攜帶太多現金。 一輛雷諾梅甘娜的家庭式四門汽車供 洩精力。家長可乾脆放鬆一下，欣賞 一幅漂亮的畫作可能需要花上幾百 三天之用，但竟獲給予一輛較昂貴的 孩子玩耍時的各種滑稽動作。 到幾千歐元不等，但像我這種典型 平治SLK開篷汽車，更無須支付任何 此外，我們亦有在園中的大池塘餵 的跳蚤市場愛好者，總是滿懷希 額外費用。可惜，這個驚喜帶給我們 飼鴨子和雀鳥，而小兒觀察那些鳥兒 望，認為購入的作品會是一件失傳 的喜悅很快便消失了，我們發現這輛 的表情，就像看到外星人般，非常有 多年的大師級無價寶。 汽車根本沒有足夠空間放置行李及嬰 趣。如果他當時已能走路，是否一件 而且，這個市場的大小對我們來說剛 兒汽車座椅，而且抱著孩子從後座進 好事呢？在那些無盡的卵石路上嘎吱 好，我們走遍各處只需一小時，恰恰 出亦非常困難。 作響地踏步，他定必樂透了，但與此 在小兒對玩具車生厭前完成行程。 為何他一起到來之前，我們從來沒有 同時，他也可能興奮得跳進池塘中。 遇過這樣的好事呢？相信我們永遠也 相反，我們發現有些活動絕不適宜與一 整個盧森堡公園均在戶外，故此確定 無法解開這個生命中的謎團。 歲的孩子一同進行(當然他睡著則除外)， 行程前應先查看天氣預告。 但視乎閣下孩子的脾性和年紀而定： 3. 乘坐長途飛機 我們亦參觀了另一個位於市郊的 不出所料，小兒在11個小時的機程中 Chatou/Le Vesinet鎮上的公園，其 1. 閒坐咖啡室看街上人來人往/到國 用了三分之一的時間睡覺，餘下時間 生態系統相當健康，有更多的鴨子、 際知名的高級餐廳用膳 坐立不安。我們為了逗他，經常餵他 鵝子、天鵝、白鷺和其他各品種的鳥 對於花都巴黎，這些行程聽上去似乎 喜愛的零食(葡萄乾和麵包)，並抱著 類，附近的居民每天都聚集在這公園 相當寫意，筆者與丈夫第一次到巴黎 他在機上走來走去。這全是因為筆者 休閒和放鬆身心。有些鳥兒向我們走 時就經常到前往此等食店，然而我們 和丈夫希望趁孩子睡著時看一部機上 得相當近，小兒甚至試著跟它們說 那一歲的小寶寶卻不允許我們此行得 的電影，最終我們在來回兩程均完全 話，大概因為他們現在說話像鳥兒多 到同樣的享受。出於某種原因，他認 沒有入睡。 過人類。 為在這個浪漫之都的道上兩旁細嚐一 筆者從維基百科得悉過去印象派畫家 杯咖啡或香檳並非有意義的活動。他 不過，前往巴黎無可避免要乘坐飛 聚集點的Maison Fournaise大宅亦位 反對之聲宏亮清楚，雖有丁點兒難以 機，故此在他們發明瞬間轉移之前， 於這個鎮上。該處的周圍環境顯然也 理解，但我們通通收到。有同情心的 我們別無它選。 為法國印象派大師雷諾瓦的某些作品 服務員會嘗試以牛奶或餅乾安撫他， 祝大家旅途愉快！ n

80 www.hk-lawyer.org REUTERS/SAAD SHALASH BULLEN & LEAKE & JACOB’S PRECEDENTS OF PLEADINGS HONG KONG

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www.sweetandmaxwell.com.hk (+852) 3762 3222 [email protected] • November 2013

CAMPUS VOICES 法學院新聞

CityU public international law, foreign direct Hogan, Principal of La Salle College; Celebrates Mooting investment law, international trade Professor Lin Feng, Acting Dean of CityU Achievements 2012/13 law, air and space law, and maritime Law School; and Dr. Raymond Leung, arbitration law. They achieved excellent Chairman and CEO of C&L Holdings Ltd. The students of the City University of results, including three championships, Hong Kong’s School of Law (“CityU Law three semi-finalist positions and a 2012-13年度香港城市大學 School”) accomplished much in the quarter-finalist position, to name but a 法律學院模擬法庭辯論賽慶 various international moots during the few. academic year of 2012-13. In recognition 祝會 Distinguished guests at the reception of the remarkable achievements, a included Professor Arthur Ellis, Provost 香港城市大學法律學院(下稱「城大法律 reception was held on 26 September of CityU; Mr. Chen Duan Hong, Director, 學院」)的學生在2012-13學年於多項國 2013 to celebrate and compliment the Legal Affairs Department, Liaison Office 際模擬法庭辯論賽中取得佳績。城大法 students and coaches on their excellent of the Central People’s Government in performance and immeasurable 律學院特此於2013年9月26日舉辦慶祝 the HKSAR; Ms. Connie Lau Yin Hing, support. 會，以祝賀同學的卓越表現和表揚教練 Council Member of CityU; Dr. Simon 不遺餘力的支持。 Over 30 students participated in various Ip, Vice-Chairman of the Fu Tak Iam international mooting competitions, Foundation Limited and Co-Chairman 城大法律學院超過30名學生參加了多 arguing on a range of subjects, such of the International Advisory Board 個國際模擬法庭辯論賽，辯題廣泛，如 as international humanitarian law, of CityU Law School; Brother Steve

82 www.hk-lawyer.org November 2013 • CAMPUS VOICES 法 學 院 新 聞

國際人權法、國際公法、外來直接投資 CUHK Faculty of Law 香港中文大學法律學院傑出 法、國際貿易法、航空與太空法、海 Distinguished Professional 學長計劃酒會 事仲裁法等。他們在比賽中勇奪驕人成 Mentors Reception 香港中文大學（下稱「中大」）法律學 績，其中包括三項冠軍，並多次晉身準 The Chinese University of Hong Kong 院轄下的楊鐵樑爵士學會在2013年10 決賽及決賽之列。 (“CUHK”) Faculty of Law’s Sir TL Yang 月18日假位於中環的法律學院研究課程 出席慶祝會的嘉賓包括香港城市大學學 Society hosted its annual Distinguished 教學中心舉辦年度傑出學長計劃酒會。 Professional Mentors (“DPMs”) 務副校長李博亞教授、中央人民政府駐 大會在酒會上向法學學士的一年級學生 Reception on 18 October 2013 at the 香港特別行政區聯絡辦公室法律部處長 介紹認識所屬傑出學長，後者在分享他 Graduate Law Centre in Central. First- 陳端洪教授、香港城市大學校董會成員 year LLB (Bachelor of Laws) students 們廣泛的法律執業經驗之餘，亦可一嚐 劉燕卿女士、傅德蔭基金有限公司副主 were introduced to their DPMS, who 酒會的醇酒和美點。 席暨城大法律學院國際顧問委員會聯席 shared their wide-ranging legal practice 此外，活動上一名「蘇格蘭調酒師」踴 主席葉錫安博士、喇沙書院校長賀敬修 experience over drinks and appetizers. 躍地為大家遞上一系列的單一麥芽威士 士、城大法律學院署理院長林峰教授及 Also at the event was a “Scottish 忌，務求增添現場氣氛。正如蘇格蘭人 仲良集團有限公司主席兼行政總裁梁海 bartender” who readily handed out a 有句說話：Gie’ it laldy（全情投入）！ 明博士。 selection of single malt whiskeys to keep the evening moving along. As the Scots say: Gie’ it laldy!

REUTERS/Akhtar Soomro HONG KONG PRACTICE SERIES TRADE DESCRIPTIONS (UNFAIR TRADE PRACTICES) (AMENDMENT) ORDINANCE: GUIDANCE AND LEGISLATION A reference guide providing a summary of the ISBN: 9789626616031 PUB DATE: OCT 2013 Trade Descriptions (Unfair Trade Practices) LIST PRICE: HK$900 FORMAT: PAPERBACK (Amendment) Ordinance and more!

www.sweetandmaxwell.com.hk (+852) 3762 3222 [email protected]

www.hk-lawyer.org 83 • November 2013 THE LAST WORD 趣 聞 Law around the world – it’s history 世界各地的法律—舊事重提 Given the current profit squeeze in the corporate sector, insiders say it 鑑於目前企業交易的利潤受擠壓，有業內人士指，參與併購 is not surprising that banks involved in dealmaking would often be at 的銀行之間往往會就哪一方應獲得甚麼及多少而相持不下。 loggerheads as to who earns what and how much. 上月，路透社報道有兩間大型銀行之間出現此等爭拗，其中 Last month, Reuters reported one such spat between two big banks, 一名銀行初級員工為此而冒出一句：「你知道我爸爸是誰？ where one junior banker resorted to blurting out: “Do you know who my 爺爺又是誰嗎？」 father is? Do you know who my grandfather is?” Apparently, it was reported, that’s the kind of talk normally associated 報道指，這種談話方式常見於受僱於金融界的所謂「太子 with the many so-called “princelings” – offspring of the business or 黨」，即商界或政界精英的下一代。客氣地說，就是倚仗昔 politically elite - employed in the financial industry. Living off past 日的風光。 glories, one might say politely. 另一宗與此無關的報道，同樣觸及一些過去的觀點。馬來西 In an unrelated report that also touches on past perspectives, a 亞法院上月裁定一份基督教報章不可以「阿拉」一詞稱呼上 Malaysian court ruled last month that a Christian newspaper may not use the word “Allah” to refer to God. This is a landmark decision on 帝。有關的爭議曾導致宗教局勢甚為緊張，並令各界質疑少 an issue that has fanned religious tension and raised questions over 數群體在這個以穆斯林為主的國家所享有的權利。是次裁決 minority rights in the mainly Muslim country. This overturned a 2009 意義重大，推翻了2009年下級法院作出的裁決，當時法院允 lower court ruling that allowed the Malay-language version of The 許馬來語版本的《先驅報》使用「阿拉」一詞，而許多馬來 Herald to use the word “Allah” - as many Christians in say has 西亞的基督徒指早於多個世紀前他們已一直如此稱呼上帝。 been the case for centuries. 與此同時，西班牙刑事法庭決定受理對前國家主席胡錦濤作 Meanwhile, China denounced a decision by a Spanish criminal court to indict former Chinese president Hu Jintao for genocide as part of 出種族滅絕的起訴，作為調查他領導的政府有否在西藏進行 an investigation into whether his government committed abuses in 虐待和鎮壓，而中國對此提出譴責。解放軍在1950年對西 Tibet. Communist Chinese troops took control of Tibet in 1950, which 藏取得控制，中國指其「和平解放」了一個貧困、被剝削和 China says “peacefully liberated” an area that was mired in poverty, 經濟停滯不前的地區。實際上，胡錦濤根本不大可能會在西 exploitation and economic stagnation. In practice, Hu is unlikely to ever 班牙法庭受審。 face a Spanish court. As these reports showed, sleeping dogs are not often left to just lie. 上述數篇報道正好說明，麻煩有時是自找的。

Quirky points of law courtesy of Westlaw’s 另類法律的新奇觀點 Headnote of the Day (摘錄自Westlaw的每日案例提要) Do note that these are offered as a diversion and may not necessarily 注意：以下內容純供消遣，所提及的未必是有效法律。 be good law: 1. 若一名女乘客聲名狼籍以致令人有合理理由相信她的行 1. A railroad company may rightfully exclude from the ladies’ car 為具攻擊性，又或者她當時的言行舉止對其他乘客造成 a female passenger whose reputation is so notoriously bad as 困擾，則鐵路公司可以理所當然拒絕該女子乘坐女士車 to furnish reasonable grounds to believe that her conduct will 箱，但如果她當時的言行舉止屬大家閨秀和無可指摘的 be offensive, or whose demeanor at the time is annoying to 話，則鐵路公司並不能以不影響她行為的不貞潔，又或 other passengers; but she cannot be excluded for unchastity not 者有合理理由相信她會在車上行為不檢為理由把她拒之 affecting her conduct, or furnishing reasonable ground to believe 於外。 she will misbehave herself in the car, when her demeanor at the Brown v.Memphis & C.R.Co., 7 F.51 time was ladylike and unexceptionable. (C.C.W.D.Tenn.1881) Brown v. Memphis & C.R. Co., 7 F. 51 (C.C.W.D. Tenn. 1881) 2. 未遂罪行的實體法並不會把心懷不良意圖或想法列為 2. The substantive law of attempted crimes does not criminalise bad intentions or bad thoughts. 刑事罪行。 U.S. v.Astronomo, 183 F. Supp.2d 158 U.S. v. Astronomo, 183 F. Supp. 2d 158 (D. Mass. 2001) (D. Mass.2001) 3. Video games are protected as expressive speech under the First 3. 電子遊戲屬於受《第一修正案》保護的表達性言語。 Amendment. Hart v.Electronic Arts, Inc., 717 F.3d 141 Hart v. Electronic Arts, Inc., 717 F.3d 141 (3rd Cir. 2013) (3rd Cir.2013)

84 www.hk-lawyer.org November 2013 • THE LAST WORD 趣 聞

Smoked out 「煙」蓋不了的真相 This bit of humour from a New Zealand daily came to our attention 一位讀者為我們提供了以下一則新西蘭報章的有趣報道。 courtesy of a reader. It depicts a woman being means tested for 上月一名女子因拖欠業主2,014澳元（即13,100港元）在 income in the Greymouth District Court last month, after owing her 格雷茅斯地方法院接受經濟審查，但她聲稱僅有能力每週 landlord thousands of dollars NZ$2,014 (HK$13,100) and claiming that 支付2澳元。 she could only afford to pay NZ$2 a week. 她以自己並無任何可支配收入為理據，一切都進行順利， Her allegation that she had no discretionary income was going smoothly - until the judge asked how much she spent a week on 直到法官詢問她每星期花多少錢購買香煙。她說，她不抽 cigarettes. She said she did not smoke. The exchange went like this, 煙。據《新西蘭先驅報》報道，兩人對答如下： reported the New Zealand Herald. 法官：「……你於週一吩咐他（她兒子）購買價值62澳元 Judge: “... you asked him (her son) to get NZ$62 worth of tobacco on 的香煙。」 Monday.” 女子：「不，我沒有。」 Woman: “No I didn’t.” Judge: “You were standing there beside him and told him what to 法官：「你當時站在他身旁，並告訴他應買什麼。」 buy.” 女人：「不。」 Woman: “No.” 法官：「你的兒子是光頭的，並熱愛汽車，因他同時購買 Judge: “Your son has a bald head and has a passion for cars, because 了一本汽車雜誌。」 he also bought a car magazine.” 女：「哦，那件事。那是週三發生的，而且是他女朋友 Woman:”Oh, that. That was Wednesday and it was his girlfriend’s money.” 出錢的。」 Judge: “Wednesday was last night. It was 法官：「週三是昨晚。那件事是週一發生的，你 Monday, and you were with your son because I 當時跟你兒子一起，而我就正好排在你身後。」 was right behind you in the queue.” 我們相信她很快便要減少抽煙了。 We reckon that she will not be smoking as much anytime soon.

We are constantly on the look-out for original humour or snippets of interest involving lawyers in Hong Kong, be it in the workplace or outside of it. Simply write in to the editor ([email protected]) when you come across one of these and watch people around you go: “How did they know that?” We promise anonymity. 我們一直在尋找關於香港律師們職場內外的原創幽默或佚事。如果你遇到了這樣的事，請直接發郵件給編輯 （[email protected]），並且留意周圍的人說：“他們怎麼會知道的？”我們保證匿名。

For full Reuters reports, please visit reuters.com 如欲查閱路透社的完整報導，請瀏覽reuters.com

www.hk-lawyer.org 85 Stand Out With Hughes-Castell

In-house Private Practice Legal Counsel | 15+ yrs PQE | Hong Kong REF: 11852/HK Dispute Resolution Partner | 10+ yrs PQE | Hong Kong REF: 11811/HK One of Hong Kong’s most prestigious institutions is seeking a new addition to its legal team This international law firm with a strong presence in Asia is seeking an in Hong Kong. You will primarily be responsible for providing legal advice and support experienced litigator to complement its existing dispute resolution practice on a variety of legal matters covering general corporate/commercial, construction & based in Hong Kong. A strong local reputation, Hong Kong qualification and infrastructure, and property. Solid China work experience is a must as the incumbent will Asia experience are required. Good skills are preferred be the principal point of contact for all PRC issues. Ideal candidates will have over 15 years’ but not mandatory. Experience in energy, oil and gas is a plus. relevant experience with fluent English and Mandarin, and ideally Cantonese. Banking & Finance Partner | 10+ yrs PQE | Hong Kong REF: 11367/HK Senior Legal Counsel | 7+ yrs PQE | Hong Kong REF: 11549/HK A leading international firm is seeking a top class lawyer with a strong Do you have good banking experience and want to join a renowned regional bank? This position, banking & finance practice to augment its growing Asian presence. based in Hong Kong, is responsible for providing legal support and managing legal & reputational Ideally, you will be a partner with long-standing experience in the risks for its commercial and corporate banking operations locally and internationally. Ideally, you region with a solid and proven track record of developing business. are Hong Kong qualified and trained at a respected international firm with over 7 years of PQE in Language skills are preferred but not mandatory. Interested candidates banking or financial services and products. Chinese reading and writing skills are required. are encouraged to get in touch for a confidential discussion. Corporate Associate | 4-7 yrs PQE | Hong Kong REF: 11863/HK Corporate Head | 7 yrs PQE | Incheon, Korea REF: 11805/HK A top-tier international law firm is seeking a mid-senior level lawyer This prestigious Korea-based pharmaceutical company seeks a senior corporate lawyer to with corporate experience to join its well established practice. The head up its legal team based in Incheon. You will lead a group of professionals to provide ideal candidate will have strong ECM experience gained from world- proactive legal advice and support to its global operations, including R&D, clinical research, leading law firms and high proficiency in both English and Chinese marketing and sales activities. Our client is specifically looking for a US, UK, Australia or (Cantonese and Mandarin). Korean qualified lawyer with at least 7 years’ experience gained in a leading law firm. Knowledge of the healthcare industry is preferred. Fluency in Korean & English is a must. True Specialist | 3-7 yrs pqe | Singapore REF: 11680/HK If you are an experienced trusts lawyer with experience working outside VP, Structured Products | 5-9 yrs PQE | Hong Kong REF: 11877/HK the UK this is a stellar opportunity to join this highly-regarded UK law firm. Great opportunity for a senior lawyer with structured product confirmation experience You will provide legal advice on the formation and administration of trusts to join this highly reputable financial services group to be based in Hong Kong/Singapore. in relation to commercial and civil matters. The successful applicant will Directly reporting to the Head of Transactions, this legal position focuses on equity and have an excellent academic background and an entrepreneurial mindset. debt structured products. Precise technical skills are needed for reviewing, drafting and negotiating documentation for complex transactions. The successful candidate must have Capital Markets Associate | 3-5 yrs PQE | Hong Kong REF: 11855/HK This Magic Circle firm is looking for a mid-level associate with proven 5-9 years’ relevant experience from a top tier law firm or from a financial institution. experience in debt capital market to join their growing team. The ideal AVP, Listing Division | 5-9 yrs PQE | Hong Kong REF: 11538/HK candidate must be Common Law qualified with strong knowledge of This internationally recognized institution is seeking a highly motivated lawyer with a financial securities law and capital markets experience gained at a top tier law background to join its listing division based in Hong Kong. You will lead and develop a team firm in Hong Kong. Native level Mandarin is a pre-requisite. responsible for handling IPO transactions. Qualified lawyers with 5-9 years’experience in capital Construction Litigation Lawyer | 2-3 yrs PQE | Hong Kong REF: 11840/HK markets are well-suited for this role. Familiarity with the securities industry and its practices is This growing law firm is now seeking a construction litigator to be preferred. Fluency in English is essential; Mandarin/Cantonese is a strong advantage. based in Hong Kong. The successful candidate is Hong Kong qualified Legal Counsel | 3+ yrs PQE | Hong Kong REF: 11841/HK and has 2-3 years’ PQE of construction litigation experience. Fluent Mandarin is highly preferred but not essential. One of the largest telecommunication companies in Hong Kong is seeking a Hong Kong or Common Law-qualified lawyer to support its management on a range of US/Canadian Immigration Lawyer | 1-3yrs PQE | Hong Kong REF: 11827/HK legal and regulatory issues. This role will have primary responsibility for reviewing and This private client firm is currently seeking a specialist drafting various commercial contracts, including retail and tenancy agreements. The immigration lawyer to join its Hong Kong team. You must have incumbent will have at least 3 years’ experience, preferably gained in the telecom/ experience in US/Canadian immigration matters. Hong Kong technology industry. Fluency in Cantonese, Mandarin and English is required. qualification and fluent Mandarin are highly preferred.

To find out more about these roles & apply, please contact us at: T: (852) 2520-1168 E: [email protected] www.hughes-castell.com

HKL Nov 13 Stand.indd 1 10/25/2013 12:04:01 PM SPECIALIST PROFESSIONAL RECRUITMENT LEGAL PROFESSIONALS

FINANCIAL SERVICES FINANCIAL SERVICES DERIVATIVES COUNSEL HEAD OF LEGAL & COMPLIANCE DERIVATIVES COUNSEL HEAD OF LEGAL & COMPLIANCE INVESTMENT BANK WHOLESALE BANK INVESTMENT BANK WHOLESALE BANK OAA/479890 OAA/497870 OAA/479890 OAA/497870 This leading international investment bank is seeking a senior fixed income A prestigious international bank is seeking a Head of Legal and Compliance This leading international investment bank is seeking a senior fixed income A prestigious international bank is seeking a Head of Legal and Compliance derivatives lawyer to join its established team and manage a team of two for the APAC region. Managing a team of eight and reporting directly to the derivatives lawyer to join its established team and manage a team of two for the APAC region. Managing a team of eight and reporting directly to the counsels. Covering the APAC region, the team deals with a wide variety of Regional CEO, you will be based in Hong Kong and manage a function that has counsels. Covering the APAC region, the team deals with a wide variety of Regional CEO, you will be based in Hong Kong and manage a function that has products such as credit, interest rate, FX and commodity related products. a presence in Beijing, Shanghai and Singapore. products such as credit, interest rate, FX and commodity related products. a presence in Beijing, Shanghai and Singapore. Key Requirements: Key Requirements: Key Requirements: Key Requirements: a minimum of six years’ PQE; Hong Kong or Commonwealth qualified, a minimum of six years’ PQE; Hong Kong or Commonwealth qualified, a minimum of ten years’ PQE; Hong Kong, PRC or Commonwealth ideally from another financial institution aqualified minimum with of tensubstantial years’ PQE; in-house Hong experience Kong, PRC or Commonwealth ideally from another financial institution qualified with substantial in-house experience extensive experience in fixed income derivatives, OTC and other extensive treasury, institutional banking, wholesale banking and trade extensivestructured experience products in fixed income derivatives, OTC and other extensive treasury, institutional banking, wholesale banking and trade structured products finance legal experience fluency in Mandarin is beneficial but not essential finance legal experience fluency in Mandarin is beneficial but not essential strong knowledge of HKMA, SFC regulations and Chinese government strongregulations, knowledge as well of as HKMA, experience SFC regulationsof other APAC and regulations Chinese government regulations, as well as experience of other APAC regulations fluency in Mandarin is essential fluency in Mandarin is essential

COMPLIANCE COMMERCE & INDUSTRY COMPLIANCE COMMERCE & INDUSTRY IbD COMPLIANCE OFFICER LEGAL COUNSEL IbD COMPLIANCE OFFICER LEGAL COUNSEL INVESTMENT BANK TELECOMMuNICATIONS CORPORATION INVESTMENT BANK TELECOMMuNICATIONS CORPORATION LQL/501890 EQA/505970 LQL/501890 EQA/505970 A highly respected international investment bank is looking for a high calibre A successful telecommunications company with over 700 million subscribers A highly respected international investment bank is looking for a high calibre A successful telecommunications company with over 700 million subscribers compliance professional to join their IBD division. You will be the single point in Asia is seeking a qualified Legal Counsel to join their growing team based in compliance professional to join their IBD division. You will be the single point in Asia is seeking a qualified Legal Counsel to join their growing team based in of contact for the IBD business in respect of compliance matters, including Hong Kong. Reporting to the General Counsel, you will be responsible for a broad of contact for the IBD business in respect of compliance matters, including Hong Kong. Reporting to the General Counsel, you will be responsible for a broad providing primary compliance input for transactional matters. variety of corporate commercial work. providing primary compliance input for transactional matters. variety of corporate commercial work. Key Requirements: Key Requirements: Key Requirements: Key Requirements: possess strong understanding of regulatory issues relevant to capital a minimum of three years’ PQE; Hong Kong or Commonwealth qualified, possessmarkets andstrong M&A understanding transactions ofincluding regulatory licensing issues requirements, relevant to capital aideally minimum from ofinternational three years’ law PQE; firms Hong or Kongmultinational or Commonwealth corporations qualified, marketsapplicable and securities M&A transactions laws and exchange including ruleslicensing requirements, ideally from international law firms or multinational corporations applicable securities laws and exchange rules solid experience in general corporate matters including drafting, reviewing legal or compliance background with qualifications as a Solicitor in Hong solidand negotiating experience a in broad general range corporate of commercial matters contractsincluding drafting, reviewing legalKong orwill compliance be an advantage background with qualifications as a Solicitor in Hong and negotiating a broad range of commercial contracts Kong will be an advantage telecommunications or IT experience will be highly advantageous fluency in Mandarin is beneficial but not essential telecommunications or IT experience will be highly advantageous fluency in Mandarin is beneficial but not essential fluency in Cantonese and English is essential with Mandarin skills as an fluencyadvantage in Cantonese and English is essential with Mandarin skills as an advantage

COMMERCE & INDUSTRY COMMERCE & INDUSTRY REGIONAL COUNSEL SENIOR LEGAL COUNSEL REGIONAL COUNSEL SENIOR LEGAL COUNSEL PROPERTY SERVICES CORPORATION APPAREL MuLTINATIONAL PROPERTY SERVICES CORPORATION APPAREL MuLTINATIONAL EQA/493290 EQA/506440 EQA/493290 EQA/506440 This international property services corporation with offices and operations This world leading apparel and accessories MNC with top designs and recognised This international property services corporation with offices and operations This world leading apparel and accessories MNC with top designs and recognised worldwide is looking for a qualified lawyer to join their team. Reporting to the brands is seeking an experienced lawyer to join their growing team in Hong Kong. worldwide is looking for a qualified lawyer to join their team. Reporting to the brands is seeking an experienced lawyer to join their growing team in Hong Kong. General Counsel, you will be responsible for a variety of legal, regulatory and Reporting to the General Counsel, you will be responsible for a broad range of General Counsel, you will be responsible for a variety of legal, regulatory and Reporting to the General Counsel, you will be responsible for a broad range of compliance work for the business in the APAC region. commercial contracts, corporate and compliance work. compliance work for the business in the APAC region. commercial contracts, corporate and compliance work. Key Requirements: Key Requirements: Key Requirements: Key Requirements: a minimum of ten years’ PQE; Hong Kong or Commonwealth qualified, a minimum of seven years’ PQE; Hong Kong or Commonwealth qualified, aideally minimum from ofinternational ten years’ PQE;law firms Hong or Kong multinational or Commonwealth corporations qualified, aideally minimum from ofinternational seven years’ law PQE; firms Hong or multinationalKong or Commonwealth corporations qualified, ideally from international law firms or multinational corporations ideally from international law firms or multinational corporations extensive knowledge of the law relating to services and supply contracts, exposure to a variety of commercial contracts and solid corporate, extensiveIP contracts, knowledge IT contracts of the and law procurement relating to services contracts and supply contracts, exposureemployment to aand variety compliance of commercial experience contracts and solid corporate, IP contracts, IT contracts and procurement contracts employment and compliance experience fluency in Cantonese and English is essential with Mandarin skills as an fluency in Mandarin is beneficial but not essential fluencyadvantage in Cantonese and English is essential with Mandarin skills as an fluency in Mandarin is beneficial but not essential advantage

TO FIND OUT MORE AbOUT THESE ExCITING LEGAL CAREER OPPORTUNITIES, PLEASE CONTACT: TO FIND OUT MORE AbOUT THESE ExCITING LEGAL CAREER OPPORTUNITIES, PLEASE CONTACT: Ricky Mui +852 2103 5370 [email protected] Oliver Allcock +852 2103 5317 [email protected] RickyEstefania Mui Altuve +852 2103 53705328 [email protected]@robertwalters.com.hk OliverLulu Liu Allcock +852 21032161 53179413 [email protected]@robertwalters.com.hk Estefania Altuve +852 2103 5328 [email protected] Lulu Liu +852 2161 9413 [email protected] www.robertwalters.com.hk ROBERT WALTERS HONg KONg • 20/F NExxuS BuILdINg • 41 CONNAugHT ROAd CENTRAL• CENTRAL • HONg KONg www.robertwalters.com.hk ROBERT WALTERS HONg KONg • 20/F NExxuS BuILdINg • 41 CONNAugHT ROAd CENTRAL• CENTRAL • HONg KONg your profession our passion

senior Litigation Counsel (asia) Legal & Compliance Counsel (Greater China) DCM associate Hong Kong. 10+ pQe. Beijing. 10+ pQe. Hong Kong. 3 pQe. Spearheading a very large technology MNC’s With the clampdown on medical products Globally renowned for its capital markets dispute resolution efforts throughout Asia, industry practices in the PRC, many practice, this large full service firm seeks a you will manage complex investigations and companies, including this large life sciences mid-level, common law qualified associate interact extensively with external advisers, multinational, have a pressing need for to join its Hong Kong office. You should regulators and internal stakeholders. You specialist legal regulatory people. This role have at least two years post qualification will have anti-bribery experience, a prior will have a broad remit. You need strong experience at a top firm and some solid Asia wide in-house mandate, common law industry experience, fluent Mandarin and experience covering debt capital markets. qualification and Chinese skills.r ef: 1043867 English and technical competency in addition Fluent Mandarin and English language skills to interactive skills. ref: 1041375 are required. ref: 1043556 Legal & Compliance Counsel (Greater China) Hong Kong or China. 8+ pQe. Document negotiator (Contract) senior funds associate Teamwork within the Greater China in-house Hong Kong. 3-6 pQe. Hong Kong. 5+ pQe. legal group is highly valued by this very A leading investment bank has a new short term The local Hong Kong branch of an well known transportation multinational. A (2-4 months) need for a document negotiator. international firm is seeking a funds common law qualified, internationally (and You will prepare and issue confirmations for associate to join their team. You will be a Asian regulation) savvy lawyer is sought. derivatives transactions. Ideally you will be a senior practitioner with five or more years You will have broad responsibility for common law qualified lawyer, immediately of specialist funds experience in Hong Kong. transactional, sales and trading, and licensing available with a strong knowledge of ISDA. A You will be joining a well balanced team and as well as regulatory matters. Mandarin friendly personality, detailed mindset and strong working with the partner, other seniors and fluency is mandatory.r ef: 1043872 analytical skills are all desirable in lieu of direct several juniors and trainees. ref: 1043878 experience. ref: 1043229 Legal Counsel (intellectual property) HK ipo associate Hong Kong. 10-15 pQe. eCM associate prC. 2-4 pQe. A global trademark portfolio manager Hong Kong. 5+ pQe. This international firm has a new opportunity is sought by a leisure and entertainment This well respected firm with a busy Hong for a Hong Kong qualified corporate finance multinational. You must be a seasoned IP Kong capital markets practice seeks a associate to be based in its mainland office. lawyer with a solid law firm background, senior Hong Kong qualified specialist IPOs You will have a minimum of two years PQE as a commercial know-how and some international associate. You should have at least five Hong Kong solicitor and be working at a busy exposure. Excellent Mandarin and English skills years experience working within a similar IPO practice. Solicitors from local Hong Kong are required. In addition to responsibilities corporate practice. Fluent Mandarin and and international firms will be considered. related to IP, you will contribute to broad based simplified Chinese drafting skills are strongly English Fluency is required. Compensation can commercial legal matters as part of a ten preferred. ref: 1043877 potentially be generous. ref: 1043575 lawyer team. ref: 1038676 international Disputes associate Legal Counsel (Banking & finance) Hong Kong. 5+ pQe. Hong Kong. 4-6 pQe A top ranked firm in the highly competitive This large international company employs a Hong Kong and international disputes team of APAC lawyers specialised in various practice area is looking for a senior solicitor areas pertaining to a varied line of products qualified in a common law jurisdiction and services. They seek a mid-level banking (especially HK, UK, AU or NZ) for its large and finance specialist from an elite law firm. Hong Kong team. You will have strength in Ideally, you will have specialised in work handling complex litigation and regulatory with derivatives. The team will also train up investigations. The role entails mentoring a B&F lawyer with a loan finance or related junior associates. ref: 1043421 background. ref: 1043882

for more information about these opportunities, contact a Hays Legal expert: Daryl Hodes - in-house opportunities e: [email protected] Daryl Lee - law firm opportunities e: [email protected] or +852 2521 1460. unit 5805-07, 58/f, The Center, 99 Queen’s road Central, Hong Kong.

hays.com.hk WE KNOW RECRUITMENT { AND WE MATCH HIGH PERFORMERS WITH HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPANIES

As part of PageGroup, Michael Page is a leading professional recruitment consultancy specialising in the recruitment of permanent, contract and temporary positions on behalf of the world’s top employers. The Group operates through 153 offices in 34 countries worldwide. First established in London in 1976, we’ve been bringing job seekers and employers together for more than 30 years. Our presence in the Asia Pacific region extends across Singapore, China, Taiwan, Thailand, Hong Kong, Japan, India, Malaysia, Australia and New Zealand.

Lending / Banking Finance Lawyer Fixed Income & Derivatives Lawyer Equity Lawyer (Futures & Clearing) Dispute Resolution Associate US Securities Associate M&A Lawyer › 2 - 5 Years PQE › 5 - 9 Years PQE › 5 - 10 Years PQE › NQ to PQE 4 › 2 - 5 Years PQE › 3 - 5 Years PQE › Global Leading Financial Institution › Global Investment Bank › Leading Financial Institution › Leading UK Law Firm › Prestigious US Law Firm › Competitive Wall Street Firm Reporting to the Country Head of Legal, you will be required Reporting to the Senior Director, you will work in a close Reporting to the Country Head of Legal and working closely Our client is a top-tier magic circle firm with one of the top You will operate in a client-focused and Partner-led team, Our client is a reputable Wall Street firm who is looking for to support the Corporate Lending businesses and advise knitted team of 5 lawyers supporting the fixed income and with the business, you will support the Clearing business litigation practice groups within the region. You will join their providing legal advices on U.S. SEC-registered IPO, Rule a mid-level corporate associate to join their firm. You will be the team on all legal related matters, including negotiating derivatives business, overseeing matters including fixed and advise the team on all legal related matters, including leading team and gain the opportunity to work with major 144A/Regulation S offerings, cross-border mergers and engaged in a full spectrum of corporate finance transactions and drafting a full range of commercial contracts. The income and derivatives, FX, commodities involvement, negotiating and drafting a full range of commercial contracts Partners in the field and be exposed to the most high profile acquisition, private equity investments, U.S. securities which include corporate finance transactions, private equity, successful candidate should be a mid-to-senior level lawyer rates structuring (SPV) and advisory work on securitisation. for the team. With the diverse business within the bank, you cases in the region. The successful candidate should be a compliance for Asia-based companies. You are also required mergers and acquisitions, asset sales and purchases and with at least 2 – 5 years of PQE gained in the area of banking You will gain exposure to deals across Hong Kong, Taiwan, will also be exposed to many different areas of businesses Hong Kong qualified lawyer who is either newly qualified to provide legal advice for all finance and acquisitions joint ventures. The successful candidate should have law. You will need to be a strong negotiator and ideally with China and other emerging markets across the region. The within the bank. The successful candidate should possess or possess up to 4 years of PQE. Prior training and work matters, including joint ventures, land development and minimum 3 – 5 years of PQE gained with leading international commercial exposure, having either been seconded or successful candidate should be a seasoned lawyer with at least 5 years of PQE in the area of banking finance or experience gained from leading international law firms are redevelopment, etc. The successful candidate should law firms. You must also be a qualified lawyer in either Hong worked within a financial institution and worked with the strong experience in derivatives and fixed income, ideally capital markets, with strong negotiation skills and excellent essential and you should have broad financial litigation and/ be Hong Kong, US or England qualified with 2 – 5 years Kong, the US, England or Wales. This is an exceptional business. Candidates with work experience gained within a with financial institution exposure. Knowledge in OTC business sense. You need to work well in a fast paced and or contentious regulatory experience. You must be fluent in of PQE gained with a leading international law firm. You opportunity for anyone looking for a diverse scope of work brokerage house will have an advantage. You must be fluent clearing, trading platform and structured notes transactions commercially driven environment and proficient in Chinese both English and Chinese (including Mandarin). should have gained substantial knowledge on private equity, in a truly integrated corporate practice. You must be fluent in in both English and Chinese (including Mandarin). will be useful. is a must. restructuring, ECM and DCM work. You must be fluent in both English and Chinese (including Mandarin). both English and Chinese (including Mandarin).

Please contact Olga Yung from Michael Page quoting Please contact Olga Yung from Michael Page quoting Please contact Olga Yung from Michael Page quoting Please contact Samantha Fong from Michael Page Please contact Samantha Fong from Michael Page Please contact Samantha Fong from Michael Page ref: H1953220 or visit our website. ref: H1956980 or visit our website. ref: H1961740 or visit our website. quoting ref: H1938500 or visit our website. quoting ref: H1742990 or visit our website. quoting ref: H1968440 or visit our website.

Senior Associate (Litigation) Trademark Legal Counsel Senior Associate (M&A) Corporate Lawyer Assistant Legal Counsel Legal Counsel › 5 - 8 Years PQE › 5 - 10 Years PQE › 7 - 10 Years PQE › 5 - 6 Years PQE › 2+ Years PQE › 3+ Years PQE › Magic Circle Firm › Prominent International E-Business Platform › International Law Firm › Leading International Law Firm › Multinational Trading Company › Prominent Property Group Working closely with a key Partner, you will be responsible You will report to the Senior Legal Counsel in the intellectual Working closely with a Managing Partner specialising in Our client is a leading international law firm who is seeking Our client is a blue chipped Hong Kong listed trading This is a newly created role where you will report directly for a full range of exciting proceedings where you will be property division, working closely with the legal department M&A, disposals and private equity, you will work with a an energetic and highly competent candidate to join their company, operating as one of the largest supply chain to the chairman and director and ensure the effective given the opportunity to have direct client contact on all and business units. You will provide general advice to and diverse range of clients from entrepreneurs, international most prominent corporate teams in the legal profession. You globally. You will provide a full range of professional legal management of legal matters for the group. This role will matters pertaining to general and contentious regulatory co-ordinate with the legal department and the business corporate and financial institutions, advising on a wide range will be required to draft and negotiate joint-venture and M&A services and support to the group, its subsidiaries and also need to advise a variety of real estate projects and / litigation, regulatory disputes and internal investigations. units on brand protection and management and manage of matters including strategic and corporate governance transactions. The successful candidate must be a Hong associate companies across Asia and European region. the redevelopment of land and acquisitions of various You will also lead in the negotiation of settlements and the international trade mark portfolios. You will also be given issues. There will also be a strong business development Kong, England and Wales or US qualified lawyer with at least Your responsibilities include commercial, corporate finance, commercial and residential buildings. The ideal candidate use of mediation and will be required to help manage a team the opportunity to participate in ad hoc assignments in element to the position to help expand and grow the M&A 5 years of PQE gained in corporate transactions or related company secretarial, risks, business restructuring, disputes will represent major real estate investment companies, of junior associates, trainees and paralegals on contentious intellectual property and corporate exercises (including practice, and those with a book of business will be highly matters. You should have first class academics with strong resolution matters, etc. The successful candidate should developers and assist in drafting and preparing agreements, matters. The successful candidate should possess at least mergers and acquisitions), on top of other business and regarded, although not a must. The successful candidate M&A experience with some PE experience from a top tier be a Hong Kong qualified lawyer with at least 2 years of title deeds, due diligence and other conveyance documents. 5 – 8 years of PQE in the litigation practice and be qualified legal activities from time to time. The successful candidate should possess at least 7 – 10 years of PQE gained as a law firm. Prior experience in handing China acquisitions and PQE. Candidates with experience from the trading/logistic Those with experiences in first-hand sales and purchase will in Common Law. You must be fluent in both English and should possess at least 5 years of PQE, in the area of Hong Kong qualified Solicitor in the corporate practice commercial agreements will be an advantageous. Excellent industries or with general commercial experience will be be highly regarded. You should have at least 3 years of PQE Chinese (including Mandarin). international trade marks. Proficient in Chinese is a must. and with strong experience in mergers and acquisitions. communication and presentation skills in both English and highly regarded. You must be proficient in both English related real estate experiences and fluent in both English Proficient in Chinese is a must. Mandarin (including Mandarin) are preferred. and Chinese. and Chinese (including Mandarin).

Please contact Carolyn Woo from Michael Page quoting Please contact Carolyn Woo from Michael Page quoting Please contact Carolyn Woo from Michael Page quoting Please contact Samantha Fong from Michael Page Please contact Tina Chan from Michael Page quoting Please contact Tina Chan from Michael Page quoting ref: H1960730 or visit our website. ref: H1749370 or visit our website. ref: H1956420 or visit our website. quoting ref: H1860700 or visit our website. ref: H1922030 or visit our website. ref: H1967410 or visit our website.

To apply for any of the above positions, please go to www.michaelpage.com.hk/apply quoting #14470 the reference number, or contact the relevant consultant on +852 2530 6100 for further details.

Specialists in legal recruitment Legal www.michaelpage.com.hk

14470-AC_Hong Kong Lawyer October Issue.v2.indd 2-3 25/10/2013 2:57:25 PM WE KNOW RECRUITMENT { AND WE MATCH HIGH PERFORMERS WITH HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPANIES

As part of PageGroup, Michael Page is a leading professional recruitment consultancy specialising in the recruitment of permanent, contract and temporary positions on behalf of the world’s top employers. The Group operates through 153 offices in 34 countries worldwide. First established in London in 1976, we’ve been bringing job seekers and employers together for more than 30 years. Our presence in the Asia Pacific region extends across Singapore, China, Taiwan, Thailand, Hong Kong, Japan, India, Malaysia, Australia and New Zealand.

Lending / Banking Finance Lawyer Fixed Income & Derivatives Lawyer Equity Lawyer (Futures & Clearing) Dispute Resolution Associate US Securities Associate M&A Lawyer › 2 - 5 Years PQE › 5 - 9 Years PQE › 5 - 10 Years PQE › NQ to PQE 4 › 2 - 5 Years PQE › 3 - 5 Years PQE › Global Leading Financial Institution › Global Investment Bank › Leading Financial Institution › Leading UK Law Firm › Prestigious US Law Firm › Competitive Wall Street Firm Reporting to the Country Head of Legal, you will be required Reporting to the Senior Director, you will work in a close Reporting to the Country Head of Legal and working closely Our client is a top-tier magic circle firm with one of the top You will operate in a client-focused and Partner-led team, Our client is a reputable Wall Street firm who is looking for to support the Corporate Lending businesses and advise knitted team of 5 lawyers supporting the fixed income and with the business, you will support the Clearing business litigation practice groups within the region. You will join their providing legal advices on U.S. SEC-registered IPO, Rule a mid-level corporate associate to join their firm. You will be the team on all legal related matters, including negotiating derivatives business, overseeing matters including fixed and advise the team on all legal related matters, including leading team and gain the opportunity to work with major 144A/Regulation S offerings, cross-border mergers and engaged in a full spectrum of corporate finance transactions and drafting a full range of commercial contracts. The income and derivatives, FX, commodities involvement, negotiating and drafting a full range of commercial contracts Partners in the field and be exposed to the most high profile acquisition, private equity investments, U.S. securities which include corporate finance transactions, private equity, successful candidate should be a mid-to-senior level lawyer rates structuring (SPV) and advisory work on securitisation. for the team. With the diverse business within the bank, you cases in the region. The successful candidate should be a compliance for Asia-based companies. You are also required mergers and acquisitions, asset sales and purchases and with at least 2 – 5 years of PQE gained in the area of banking You will gain exposure to deals across Hong Kong, Taiwan, will also be exposed to many different areas of businesses Hong Kong qualified lawyer who is either newly qualified to provide legal advice for all finance and acquisitions joint ventures. The successful candidate should have law. You will need to be a strong negotiator and ideally with China and other emerging markets across the region. The within the bank. The successful candidate should possess or possess up to 4 years of PQE. Prior training and work matters, including joint ventures, land development and minimum 3 – 5 years of PQE gained with leading international commercial exposure, having either been seconded or successful candidate should be a seasoned lawyer with at least 5 years of PQE in the area of banking finance or experience gained from leading international law firms are redevelopment, etc. The successful candidate should law firms. You must also be a qualified lawyer in either Hong worked within a financial institution and worked with the strong experience in derivatives and fixed income, ideally capital markets, with strong negotiation skills and excellent essential and you should have broad financial litigation and/ be Hong Kong, US or England qualified with 2 – 5 years Kong, the US, England or Wales. This is an exceptional business. Candidates with work experience gained within a with financial institution exposure. Knowledge in OTC business sense. You need to work well in a fast paced and or contentious regulatory experience. You must be fluent in of PQE gained with a leading international law firm. You opportunity for anyone looking for a diverse scope of work brokerage house will have an advantage. You must be fluent clearing, trading platform and structured notes transactions commercially driven environment and proficient in Chinese both English and Chinese (including Mandarin). should have gained substantial knowledge on private equity, in a truly integrated corporate practice. You must be fluent in in both English and Chinese (including Mandarin). will be useful. is a must. restructuring, ECM and DCM work. You must be fluent in both English and Chinese (including Mandarin). both English and Chinese (including Mandarin).

Please contact Olga Yung from Michael Page quoting Please contact Olga Yung from Michael Page quoting Please contact Olga Yung from Michael Page quoting Please contact Samantha Fong from Michael Page Please contact Samantha Fong from Michael Page Please contact Samantha Fong from Michael Page ref: H1953220 or visit our website. ref: H1956980 or visit our website. ref: H1961740 or visit our website. quoting ref: H1938500 or visit our website. quoting ref: H1742990 or visit our website. quoting ref: H1968440 or visit our website.

Senior Associate (Litigation) Trademark Legal Counsel Senior Associate (M&A) Corporate Lawyer Assistant Legal Counsel Legal Counsel › 5 - 8 Years PQE › 5 - 10 Years PQE › 7 - 10 Years PQE › 5 - 6 Years PQE › 2+ Years PQE › 3+ Years PQE › Magic Circle Firm › Prominent International E-Business Platform › International Law Firm › Leading International Law Firm › Multinational Trading Company › Prominent Property Group Working closely with a key Partner, you will be responsible You will report to the Senior Legal Counsel in the intellectual Working closely with a Managing Partner specialising in Our client is a leading international law firm who is seeking Our client is a blue chipped Hong Kong listed trading This is a newly created role where you will report directly for a full range of exciting proceedings where you will be property division, working closely with the legal department M&A, disposals and private equity, you will work with a an energetic and highly competent candidate to join their company, operating as one of the largest supply chain to the chairman and director and ensure the effective given the opportunity to have direct client contact on all and business units. You will provide general advice to and diverse range of clients from entrepreneurs, international most prominent corporate teams in the legal profession. You globally. You will provide a full range of professional legal management of legal matters for the group. This role will matters pertaining to general and contentious regulatory co-ordinate with the legal department and the business corporate and financial institutions, advising on a wide range will be required to draft and negotiate joint-venture and M&A services and support to the group, its subsidiaries and also need to advise a variety of real estate projects and / litigation, regulatory disputes and internal investigations. units on brand protection and management and manage of matters including strategic and corporate governance transactions. The successful candidate must be a Hong associate companies across Asia and European region. the redevelopment of land and acquisitions of various You will also lead in the negotiation of settlements and the international trade mark portfolios. You will also be given issues. There will also be a strong business development Kong, England and Wales or US qualified lawyer with at least Your responsibilities include commercial, corporate finance, commercial and residential buildings. The ideal candidate use of mediation and will be required to help manage a team the opportunity to participate in ad hoc assignments in element to the position to help expand and grow the M&A 5 years of PQE gained in corporate transactions or related company secretarial, risks, business restructuring, disputes will represent major real estate investment companies, of junior associates, trainees and paralegals on contentious intellectual property and corporate exercises (including practice, and those with a book of business will be highly matters. You should have first class academics with strong resolution matters, etc. The successful candidate should developers and assist in drafting and preparing agreements, matters. The successful candidate should possess at least mergers and acquisitions), on top of other business and regarded, although not a must. The successful candidate M&A experience with some PE experience from a top tier be a Hong Kong qualified lawyer with at least 2 years of title deeds, due diligence and other conveyance documents. 5 – 8 years of PQE in the litigation practice and be qualified legal activities from time to time. The successful candidate should possess at least 7 – 10 years of PQE gained as a law firm. Prior experience in handing China acquisitions and PQE. Candidates with experience from the trading/logistic Those with experiences in first-hand sales and purchase will in Common Law. You must be fluent in both English and should possess at least 5 years of PQE, in the area of Hong Kong qualified Solicitor in the corporate practice commercial agreements will be an advantageous. Excellent industries or with general commercial experience will be be highly regarded. You should have at least 3 years of PQE Chinese (including Mandarin). international trade marks. Proficient in Chinese is a must. and with strong experience in mergers and acquisitions. communication and presentation skills in both English and highly regarded. You must be proficient in both English related real estate experiences and fluent in both English Proficient in Chinese is a must. Mandarin (including Mandarin) are preferred. and Chinese. and Chinese (including Mandarin).

Please contact Carolyn Woo from Michael Page quoting Please contact Carolyn Woo from Michael Page quoting Please contact Carolyn Woo from Michael Page quoting Please contact Samantha Fong from Michael Page Please contact Tina Chan from Michael Page quoting Please contact Tina Chan from Michael Page quoting ref: H1960730 or visit our website. ref: H1749370 or visit our website. ref: H1956420 or visit our website. quoting ref: H1860700 or visit our website. ref: H1922030 or visit our website. ref: H1967410 or visit our website.

To apply for any of the above positions, please go to www.michaelpage.com.hk/apply quoting #14470 the reference number, or contact the relevant consultant on +852 2530 6100 for further details.

Specialists in legal recruitment Legal www.michaelpage.com.hk

14470-AC_Hong Kong Lawyer October Issue.v2.indd 2-3 25/10/2013 2:57:25 PM Hong Kong • Singapore • Beijing • Shanghai

Private Practice In-House

EMPLOYMENT/DISPUTES HONG KONG 5+ PQE COMMERCIAL INSURANCE HONG KONG 15+ PQE Excellent career opportunity for a strong senior employment lawyer to Our client, a leading insurer with offices around the region, has a vacancy for a support and grow the existing contentious and non-contentious practice. senior legal counsel with both regional transaction and regulatory experience to Solid regional experience and Chinese language skills preferred, but not oversee the management of legal risk for the group. Knowledge of the Hong Kong essential. (HKL 9890) and China Listings Rules, as well as M&A experience required. Fluent Mandarin is critical. (HKL 9860) CORPORATE BEIJING 4 - 8 PQE COMMERCIAL ATTORNEY BEIJING 8 - 12 PQE A top tier international law firm is seeking a Corporate Associate. The successful candidate needs to have 4-8 years PQE in either Corporate M&A, A world leading IT company is searching for a commercial attorney with 8-12 years Private Equity or HK IPO, and ideally qualified in Australia, England and PQE. Qualified candidates will be technically strong with solid experience gained Wales, Hong Kong, New Zealand or another Commonwealth jurisdiction. in private practice and large MNCs. Overseas experience is preferred. Attractive (HKL 9839) compensation and senior leadership responsibility. (HKL 9787)

DISPUTES & INVESTIGATIONS HONG KONG 3 - 6 PQE GROUP LEGAL COUNSEL HONG KONG 8+ PQE Well-known retail brand seeks to appoint a senior legal counsel to manage a broad Leading regional practice to hire an associate for their Hong Kong dispute range of legal and commercial matters. Suitable candidates will be Hong Kong resolution team. The role will offer a broad mixture of work but will primarily qualified, ideally with data privacy and property related experience. Fluent spoken focus on commercial litigation and corporate compliance/investigations and written Chinese (Mandarin and Cantonese) required. (HKL 9816) matters. Hong Kong admission is required and Chinese language skills preferred but not essential. (HKL 9831) COMMERCIAL COUNSEL SHANGHAI 5 - 10 PQE M & A HONG KONG 3 - 6 PQE This is a truly exciting opportunity to join a world leading brand launching its marketing operations in China. The company needs an accomplished commercial Highly regarded international firm has a new vacancy for a strong corporate / lawyer with strong China experience and good overseas exposure to support the M&A associate to join their busy corporate & regulatory practice. Admission management team. Ideal candidate will have both private practice and in-house in Hong Kong and fluent written and spoken Chinese required. (HKL 9848) experience. Fluent Mandarin is required. (HKL 9792)

BANKING & FINANCE HONG KONG 3+ PQE MEDIA HONG KONG 4 - 7 PQE Our client has a steady pipeline and is looking to hire a Hong Kong admitted Well known and highly regarded broadcast media and entertainment group looking general banking & finance lawyer to support a broad range of transactions to appoint a mid- to senior-level lawyer to join the Group legal team. Ideal candidate including secured lending, leveraged finance and syndicated loans. Fluent will be well versed in review and drafting of media related contracts, content spoken Mandarin and the ability to read Chinese preferred. (HKL 9460) agreements and general commercial matters. Fluent Cantonese and Mandarin required. (HKL 9872) INTERNATIONAL ARBITRATION SINGAPORE 3 - 6 PQE Our client, a leading international law firm, is seeking a mid-level to senior LITIGATION & INVESTIGATIONS SINGAPORE 1 - 5 PQE disputes and arbitration lawyer to join its team in Singapore. You must have Leading international bank seeks a junior to mid-level litigation counsel to join excellent academics and be commercially minded with strong international its Asia Pacific Litigation & Investigations team. This role requires candidates arbitration experience. Work will involve mainly commercial arbitration with excellent academics who are ready to join a busy team providing support to although some experience in construction litigation would be a bonus. (HKL all sectors of the bank. Solid experience in commercial litigation and regulatory 9756) investigations will be a bonus. (HKL 9907)

PARALEGAL - CORPORATE HONG KONG PARALEGAL - ASSET MANAGEMENT HONG KONG A top tier international law firm is urgently seeking a paralegal to join their Market leading international asset manager seeks a paralegal to support the sizeable Corporate team. Solid experience in handling M&A and IPO transactions and legal team on a broad range of issues. Excellent opportunity to join a prestigious related corporate documents is essential. The successful candidate must have institution. At least four years of paralegal experience and solid Funds exposure obtained a Bachelor Degree of Laws and speak fluent English and Chinese. essential. (HKL 9875) (HKL 9537)

ese are a small selection of our current vacancies. If you require further details or wish to have a condential discussion about your career, market trends, or would like salary information, then please contact one of the following consultants in Hong Kong: Andrew Skinner, Jennifer Donnelly, Michael Godby or Kumiko Lam.

Hong Kong Singapore Beijing Shanghai (852) 2920 9100 (65) 6557 4163 (86) 10 6567 8728 (86) 21 6372 1058 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

ASIA

Employment 5+ PQE Hong Kong Banking & Finance 2-5 PQE Hong Kong Commercial Litigation 3+ PQE Hong Kong Fantastic opportunity to join a truly global firm Stellar opportunity to get your career on Great opportunity for a lawyer looking to join a and take your career to the next level in a lead track with a globally-regarded finance practice. highly successful and collegiate team to focus marketing role. APAC specialists with direct Broad banking exposure (asset/project/lending), on complex commercial disputes alongside client contact capability essential; Chinese common law admission, proven English/Chinese well-recognised partners in the HK market. language helpful. HKL3410 drafting skills essential. HKL3401 Chinese essential. HKL3365

Corporate Finance 3-5 PQE Hong Kong Corporate Finance 1+ PQE Hong Kong Legal Counsel 8+ PQE Hong Kong Globally recognized firm offering a collegiate Global firm with established corporate practice Highly reputable listed company is building its working environment supporting blue chip serving blue-chip Korean clients seeks an native legal capability with the addition of a senior clients seeks an associate with broad ranging Korean associate to work on cross-border deals corporate lawyer. HK/China-listing knowledge M&A/IPO exposure. Hong Kong qualification across the region. International firm training and Mandarin essential; open to lawyers making and Mandarin fluency essential. HKL3400 ideal. HKL3396 the first move in-house. HKL3387

Corporate PSL Hong Kong Legal Counsel 4-8PQE Hong Kong PRC Real Estate 5+ PQE China Reputable corporate practice spanning the Fantastic opportunity to move in-house with Excellent opportunity for a PRC qualified real Asia region seeks a lawyer with solid M&A/ a highly reputable investment bank. Strong estate lawyer with international or leading IPO exposure. Excellent opportunity to achieve corporate finance experience and knowledge local law firm experience looking to move in- work/life balance and step away from fee- of regulatory requirements on IBD/ECM deals house with a well regarded company. Excellent earning. Chinese language essential. HKL3383 ideal. Chinese language essential. HKL3414 benefits package on offer. HKL3412

Banking & Finance 2-4 PQE Beijing M&A/FDI 4+ PQE Beijing International Arbitration 5+ PQE Beijing Stellar opportunity to get your career on track Great opportunity for a PRC lawyer with a International firm with renowned practice seeks with a globally-regarded finance practice. Broad leading local/ international firm looking to an associate with common law admission and banking exposure (asset/project/lending, etc.), work on a range of corporate /finance related solid exposure in international disputes to grow common law admission and English/Chinese matters within a developing practice. Track to their Asia offering. Proven marketing skills are drafting skills essential. HKL2521 international associate on offer. HKL3408 essential to this role. HKL3226

Capital Markets 1+ PQE Beijing IT/Telecoms 4+ PQE Shanghai Corporate Finance 3+ PQE Shanghai One of the world’s strongest law firms seeks. Excellent opportunity for an experienced IP/ A fantastic opportunity to join one of the China lawyers with overseas/PRC LLM from a IT lawyer to be integrated into the regional largest corporate practices in China and work leading law school to focus on HK listing work. telecoms team working within the close-knit on headline deals. You must have excellent Fantastic opportunity for a PRC national looking Shanghai corporate team. Fantastic training on exposure to listing/M&A/FDI, fluent Mandarin to relocate back to Beijing. HKL3411 offer at this truly global firm. HKL3398 and be able to work independently. HKL2361

Corporate/Energy 1+ PQE Singapore International Arbitration 2+PQE Singapore Project Finance 4-7 PQE Singapore An unrivalled opportunity to join a truly stellar Fantastic opportunity exists within this globally Join this global firm and focus on innovative, firm ramping up its corporate team with the regarded disputes practice for arbitrators with emerging markets work. You will be exposed addition of lawyers with excellent exposure solid experience. Focus on an international to business development activities and will take servicing energy sector clients. Strong academics caseload within a collegiate practice. Common a leading role on dynamic transactions. Stellar and Mandarin preferred. HKL3399 law admission ideal. HKL3288 chance for career growth. HKL3395

This is a selection of our current vacancies; please visit our website for more opportunities, or for more information in complete confidence, please call us on +852 2503 2500 or contact [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] or [email protected] www.atticuslegal.com.hk

trust | honesty | integrity | partnership

In-House Private Practice

HEAD OF IBD LEGAL HONG KONG 12+ years DCM PARTNER HONG KONG/SINGAPORE 10+ years Global i-bank seeks a senior lawyer to manage a team covering ECM,DCM Top tier firm with strong corporate platform seeks a DCM partner to join & M&A. You should have extensive transactional experience across the the existing practice. You will have a strong DCM background with an region & a deep understanding of regulatory issues. Candidates from peer international firm & contacts/relationships that you can leverage as well as banks or partners with top tier law firms in Asia preferred. HKL4379 servicing work that comes through the internal network. HKL4329

CORPORATE/HOSPITALITY HONG KONG 6-8 years IMMIGRATION HONG KONG 3-5 or 8+ years Global name in the hospitality sector seeks a mid to senior level corporate/ UK firm with a global platform seeks an immigration lawyer at mid-level commercial lawyer to join its legal team in a regional role. You will have or Counsel level as part of its continued expansion in Asia. The ideal experience in negotiating & drafting franchise agreements, development candidate will have gained solid US or Canadian immigration experience. agreements, ground leases etc & have fluent English & Mandarin. HKL4369 Mandarin language skills not essential. HKL4372

REGULATORY SINGAPORE 3-8 years COMMERCIAL LITIGATORS HONG KONG 4+ years Leading European i-bank seeks a lawyer with strong regulatory Top international firm seeks a mid to senior litigator to join its team. The experience to join its legal team. You will be supporting all business units role will cover general commercial litigation & regulatory investigations & in relation to any regulatory investigations & enquiries, complaints & assist arbitration work is also on offer for candidates with an interest in this area. in providing strategic advice. Strong drafting skills a must. HKL4389 HK qualification & Chinese language skills preferred. HKL4346

INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY HONG KONG 5-10 years CORPORATE PSL HONG KONG 2-8 years Global name in the hospitality sector seeks a senior IP lawyer. This is a Magic Circle firm seeks a PSL to support its corporate practice in HK. You global role based in HK covering all areas of commercial IP with a focus on will have at least 2 years’ PQE & experience in both M&A & IPO matters. global brand protection. Broad IP experience required & fluent Mandarin HK or UK qualified candidates will be considered. Chinese language skills would be a distinct advantage. Good work/life balance on offer. HKL4256 are not essential & good work/life balance on offer. HKL4385

TRUSTS/PRIVATE WEALTH HONG KONG 3-5 years US M&A HONG KONG 2-3 years Fantastic in-house opportunity for a trusts lawyer. Reporting to the Head Global law firm seeks a US M&A associate to join its M&A team in HK. You of Trusts based in HK, you will be advising HNW individuals & families on must have a US JD from a top school with good academics & solid M&A a range of private wealth & trust matters. Excellent work/life balance, good experience. Mandarin language skills are preferred but not essential. US hours & no travel required. Chinese skills essential. HKL3551 rates & COLA for the right candidate. HKL4253

COMPLIANCE HONG KONG 2-6 years EMPLOYMENT HONG KONG 1-5 years Global professional services firm seeks a compliance professional to join its UK firm seeks junior & mid-level associates to join its market-leading rapidly expanding office. Previous experience working within the SFC or on employment team. Relevant experience from an international or HK firm, SFO & SFC codes, rules & guidelines would be helpful. Chinese language HK qualifications & fluent English & Cantonese are essential. Mandarin skills not essential but client development skills desirable. HKL4198 language skills are advantageous but not required. HKL4370

HEDGE FUND HONG KONG 2-4 years FUNDS HONG KONG 1-4 years Exciting opportunity for a junior lawyer to join one of Asia’s largest hedge Magic Circle firm seeks a junior associate for its investment funds team in funds. You will support senior members of the legal team on various HK. Broad experience in authorized & private funds & regulatory matters investment projects including due diligence, drafting & reviewing acquisition strongly preferred. This is one of the top funds teams in HK & top quality & investment agreements & providing legal advice. HKL4361 work on offer. Chinese skills are essential. HKL4386

This is a small selection of our current vacancies. Please refer to our website for a more comprehensive list of openings. Please contact Emily Lewis, [email protected] + 852 2537 7408 or Eleanor Cheung, [email protected] + 852 2537 7416 Chris Chu, [email protected] + 852 2537 7415 or email [email protected]

www.lewissanders.com We appreciate the importance that lawyers aach to selecng the best recruiter. We also know what it takes to stand out from the rest.

Our clients consistently rate us as one of Asia’s premier legal search firms and their first choice when recruing lawyers Our consultants are dedicated to specific pracce areas enabling us to provide tailored career advice Our track record includes compleng exclusive and retained assignments for partners, teams and establishing offices for internaonal law firms We are currently recruing for Magic Circle and US law firms, Financial Instuons & MNCs. Life is about choices

Making the right one for you is what matters.

With offices in Hong Kong, Singapore and London, and dedicated consultants covering in-house and private practice opportunities, Pure Search has complete coverage of the legal market.

Make a more informed decision about your next career move.

Contact one of our experienced consultants:

Private Practice In-House Roz Etkind Liam Richardson +852 3469 5214 +852 3469 5207 [email protected] [email protected]

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