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EDITED BY C. ANDERSON, M.A., D.Sc. A Naturalist on the Nepean River - Anthony MusgratJe A Museum Collector In Papua The Story of the Oyster - T. C. Roughley Stone Fishes and the Art of Camouflage Allan R. McCu/loch The Fruit-Bats, or" Flyln&l-Foxes u of Australia E. Le G. Trought(}n Destruction of the Whitsunday Coral Reefs, Q'land B. H. Rainford What I found • .d. H. Chisholm PROFUSELY ILLUSTilATBD . - Vol. D. No. 5. JAN.-MARCH, 1925. Price-ONE SHILLING. PUBLISHED QUARTERLY. rfHE AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM COLLEGE STREET, SYDNEY. BOARD OF TRUSTEES: President : T. iroJUB DrxsoN, M.B., Ch.M., Knight of Graco of the Order of St. John. Crown Trustee : J .uaBs MoKBRN. Official Trustees : HIS HONOUR THE CmEF J USTIO.:Ii. TB:I HoN. TBE PRESIDENT OF THE LBGISLA.TITll CouxCIL. THE HoN. THE CoLONIAL S:soBJn'ABY. -'"' THE HoN. THE ATTORNEY- GUliBAL. THE HoN. THE CoLONIAL TRliASU.RliR. THE HoN. TBE SEO&ETA.RY FOR PuBLIC WoRKS AND M!NISTlUt I'O.a RA.IL1U.YI. Tu.K_,HON. THE .MINIST.ER OF PUBLIC lNSTRUOTION. T.BE AUDITOR-GENERAL. THB PRESIDENT OF TBB N.S.W ALBS MEDIOAL BOARD (T. STOB.IE DI.XSO:N, M.B., Ch.M.). THB SURVEYOR-GEI.~ERAL AND CluEll' SUBVXYOR. TaB CROWN SoLICITOR. Elective Trustee• : W. H. H.l.RGRAVES. SIB wu.r.uu: Vlo~ , C.B.I. EBIO SINOLA.IR, M.D. MAJ.-G.EN. SIR CHARLES ROBIIiTIA{;, J. R. M. RoBERTSON, M.D., C.M. K.C.B., C.M.G., D.S.O., Y.D., E&..t.lEST WUNDERLIOB, F.R.A.S. M.L.A. G. H. ABBOTT, B.A., M.B., Ch.M. PRoF. L. HARRlSON, B.A., B.So. THI HoN. D. LEvY, LL.B., M.L.A. E. C. AND.REWS, B.A., F.G .S. J. J. FLETOBER, M.A., B.So. O OTA VIUS c. BEA.LE. Director: CHARLES ANDEBSON, M. .A ., D.Sc. Secretary: ,V. T. \VELLS, A.I.A.V. Sctentlllc Staff : ALI.AJ.'i R. McCULLOCH, Zoologist, in charge of Fi~hu. WILLIAM W. 'I.'HORPE, Ethnologist. J. RoY KINGBORN, Zoologist, in charge of Birds, Reptilu, and Amphtbit~?M. Ews LE G. TROUGHTON, Zoologist, in cluJrge of 1Jlamm.al~ and SkelctoM. ANTBONY MusGRAv E, Entomologi8t. F. A. MoNBILL, Zoologist, in chargt of Lowtr lnverltbralu. T. HoDGE SMITII, Mineralogist and Petrologi!t. Librarian: w. A. RAINBOW. THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM MAGAZINE VoL. 11., No. 5. C ONTENTS Jan.- March, 1925 "'MosQUITO CaMP;· ARAMIA LAKE , VVESTF.RN PAPUA- C'aptain Frank Hu1·l('y ... FTontispiece EDITORIAL ... 149 .NOTES AND NEWS ... 150, 157, 174 A NATURALIST ON THE NEPEAN HIVER- Anlhony .}J usg·rave 151 A :vt usEuM Co LLECTOR I N P APUA 15R STONE FisHES AND THE ART OF CAM.OUFLAG 1~-Allan R . .lfcGulloch 159 REVIEWS 162 1 THE STORY OF THE OYSTER- 1 • G. RoughlRy 163 ~l}n; F RUIT-BATS OR •· FLYING-FOXES " OF AUSTRALlA- Ellis L e G. Tmughfon 169 DESTRUCTION OF THE W m TSUNDAY GROUP FRINGING R·EEFS-E. H . Rainford 175 'VHAT I F ouND-A. H . Chisholm... 178 P ublished Quarterly by the Trustees of the Australian Museum, Dollege Street, Sydney, in the months of January, April, J uly, and October. Subscription 4/4, including postage. Communica tions regarding subscriptions, advertising rates, and business matters generally in connection with THE AUSTRALI AN MUSEUM MAGAZINE should be addressed to the Secretary. ..... ~ 00 \ \ ....... -p::' r-1 > d ~ :;::: );; r :J>- z ~ d (/) t;rj ~ ~ Q Mosqu it o Cnn'lp ." > Captain F r a nk H u r ley a nd M r . A. R . McCulloch e n camped a t t he A r a mla L akes, \Veste r n Papua. N...... See accom pan yl n ~ article , p nlte I 58. [Photo.- Cctptain F'. 11 tulw. G3 Published by the Australian Museum College Street, Sydney Editor: C. ANDERSON, M.A. , D.Sc. Annual Subscription, Post Free, 4/4. VoL. !I., No. 5. JANUARY-MARCH, 1925 Editorial. NE of the outstanding events of the year, reference collections. The reserve collections so far as the Empire is concerned, has in our museum are substantial in comparison O been the holding of the Wembley Ex with the exhibited series, and one of our great hibition. The Exhibition has been aptly problems is that of storage. But reserve described as the first Museum of Empire and collections are absolutely necessary, if a it was fitting that the Museums Association museum is to fulfil one of its most valuable should hold its annual conference there. functions, namely the preservation of the Dr. Herbert Bolton, of the Bristol Museum, means for acquiring knowledge. In a general was in the chair, and his presidential address way the exhibited collections represent the is one which should be thoughtfully read by results of past research, set forth so as to all who are charged with the management instruct the public, the reserve collections <>f museums. The address is a long and many are in large part the raw material for research, sided one, but it may not be unprofitable to the object of which is to increase knowledge, touch on a few aspects which are of particular and to this end they must be carefully cata interest to us. logued and arranged for ready reference, It is depressing to note that even now Dr. a work which makes large demands on the Bolton finds it necessary to insist that working time of those in charge of the col "'years of close study and special technical lections. skill are essential requisites for the successful working of museums.'' Apparently the day MUSEUMS AND EDUCATION. is not yet gone when the common opinion '' The collection and safeguarding of all was that anyone could undertake to ··run., these things upon which human knowledge a museum successfully. is based must ever remain the primary func tion of museums; secondary functions are MUSEUM COLLECTIONS. the advancement of knowledge by continued Every museum has much material which study of museum collections, and the is not on exhibition and Dr. Bolton discusses making of the ,new knowledge available to the best means of utilising such reserve or those who ought to receive it." 150 THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM MAGAZINE In recent years museums are taking a the research worker is to produce anything of much la.rger part in educational work . value, and not only that, it must be card in This usually takes the form of lectures. which dexed. Dr. Starr Jordan, one of the leading are of Yarious kinds. In our Museum , where ichthyologists of the world, has in one of his the lecturers are mah1ly members of our own papers referred to a member of our stafT as staff, we have gallery demonstrations, free " one of the most accurate workers in sys evening lectmes in our own hall, and free temat,ic ichthyology now living." The officer lectures in the suburbs and in country centres, in question attributes his success solely to the as well as regular series for school children. possession of a card index of literature com Our efforts in this direction have been re PI:ising about 150,000 entries, the compilation markably successful , but haYe been attended of. which has demanded years of assiduous with considerable expenditure both of time toil, undertaken in unofficial hours. and money. Dr. Bolton points out that in Speaking of the British Museum, Dt·. America, where special attention is given to Bolton says : " Each department has a very museum education of school children, special small body of highly trained men, and the teachers do the work, while in Britain it de tasks with which each man has to deal are volves upon the Museum staff, whose normal herculean, and can never ne maste1·ed by any work is usually in arrears, and he is of one man. Every scientific man of note in opinion that a museum cu1·ator is not neces the whole world interested in the science!:> sarily the best teacher of the youth of ele represented there visits it for study and mentary and secondary schools, a view enquiry, whilst gc11eral enquiries are legion. strongly held also in the United States. Collections pour in ; the labours of Sisyphus we.rc mild in comparison with those of the MUSEUMS AND RESEARCH. staff of this Museum, for his labours never increased, whilst theirs are continualiy " Research must be prosecuted if the mounting up. But this does not touch the museums are to fulfil their highest function, question of research. These men do carry which is the advancement of science, art, and out research, but only by making the hours industry.'' of life the hours of labour .. , The difficulty which faces every museum While ours is a much smaller and less worker is that of finding time for research. ambitious institution than the British The mere reading of the enormous body of Museum, our staff is also proportionately new scientific work which is poured forth every smaller, and their duties are equally multi year is a heavy task, but it must be faced if farious and exacting. The untimely death of Professor J ohn I. been re-elected President of the Board of Hunter was a great shock to the staff of the Trustees of the Australian Museum for the Australian Museum, to which he was a year 192~ . frequent visitor. He wa a man of fine personal qualities and 1·are ability, and his Mr. Octavius C. Beale, who wa-s recently death is a signal loss to t he University of elected to the' Board of Trustees of this Sydney, to Australia, and to medical science.