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50°N The 13 English Colonies, 1732 Penn used this land to create a colony FRENCH 65 ° W where Quakers could live according to TERRITORY °N their beliefs. Among other things, the 45 MAINE Quakers believed that all people should New England (part of MASS.) colonies live in peace and harmony. They wel- Middle Claimed by N.Y & N.H. comed different religions and ethnic colonies B. Comparing and Southern groups. In Pennsylvania, Penn extended N.H. Contrasting How colonies MASS. religious freedom and equality to all. did Penn’s policies Boston, 1630 He especially wanted the Native toward Native N.Y. Plymouth, 1620 Americans com- Providence, 1636 Americans to be treated fairly. In a let- Hartford, 1636 ter to them in 1681, Penn said, “May pare with those R.I. °N 40 of other colonies CONN. [we] always live together as neighbors you have read about? PENNSYLVANIA N.J. and friends.” Philadelphia, 1682 B. Answer Penn’s

S Penn’s policies helped make Pennsyl-

N Wilmington, 1664 policies were

I A (Ft. Christina) vania one of the wealthiest of the more enlightened T

N DEL. and tolerant than U ATLANTIC American colonies. Many settlers came O MD. those in other M OCEAN to Pennsylvania seeking religious free- 70 colonies. N ° A VIRGINIA Jamestown, 1607 W dom and a better life. In 1704, Penn I H C A °N granted the three lower counties of L 35 A P Delaware their own assembly. The P Roanoke Island A NORTH counties later broke away to form the CAROLINA colony of Delaware.

SOUTH 0 250 Miles The Southern Colonies CAROLINA 0 500 Kilometers The new Southern Colonies were Charles Town, 1670 Maryland, the Carolinas, and Georgia. GEORGIA (Charleston) 75 The Appalachian Mountains bordered °N ° 30 W parts of these colonies in the west. In the

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° east, the colonies bordered the Atlantic W GEOGRAPHY SKILLBUILDER Interpreting Maps Ocean. The soil and climate of this SPANISH 1. Region What geological feature region were suitable for warm-weather TERRITORY formed a logical western crops such as tobacco, rice, and indigo. boundary for the colonies? 2. Location For approximately how many miles did the colonies Maryland and extend along the eastern coast °N the Carolinas of North America? 25 Lord Baltimore established Maryland in 1632 for Roman Catholics fleeing persecution in England. To attract Skillbuilder other settlers besides Catholics, Lord Baltimore promised religious free- Answers dom. In 1649, Maryland passed the Toleration Act. 1. Appalachian Mountains Maryland based its economy on tobacco, which required backbreak- 2. About 1,200 ing work. Every three or four years, the tobacco crop used up the soil, miles and workers had to clear new land. Most laborers came as either servants or slaves. Maryland attracted few women as settlers. In 1663, Carolina was founded as a colony. English settlers from Barbados built Charles Town, later called Charleston, in 1670. They

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busied themselves cutting timber, raising cattle, and trading with the Native Americans. After 1685, Charleston became a refuge for Vocabulary Huguenots, French Protestants seeking religious freedom. Carolina: The Carolina’s colonists needed laborers to grow rice and indigo. The name of the English settlers encouraged the use of enslaved Africans. They also sold colony is based on a Latin form local Native Americans into slavery. As a result, wars broke out between of “Charles,” in the settlers and the Tuscarora and Yamasee tribes. The settlers’ taking of honor of King tribal lands also fueled the wars. Charles II. Carolina’s proprietors, or owners, refused to send help to stop a threatened Spanish attack on Charleston. Because of this, the colonists overthrew the colony’s proprietary rule in 1719. In 1729, Carolina became a royal colony. Then it was ruled by governors appointed by the king. The colony was divided into North Carolina and South Carolina. Georgia In 1732, James Oglethorpe founded Georgia as a refuge for debtors. The English government wanted to use the colony as a military outpost against Spanish Florida to the south and French Louisiana to the west. In 1739, during a war between England and Spain, the Spanish tried to force the English colonists out of Georgia but were C. Reading a Map Use the map on unsuccessful. English, German, Swiss, and Scottish page 86 to check colonists settled in Georgia. All religions were welcome. the location of As the colony’s leader, Oglethorpe set strict rules that Georgia in relation to the Spanish ter- upset the colonists. The king, in response to unrest, made Georgia a royal colony in 1752. ritory of Florida. James Oglethorpe By the early 1700s, there were 13 English colonies was the founder of along the eastern coast of North America. In the next Georgia. chapter, you will read about how these colonies developed.

Section3 Assessment 1. Terms & Names 2. Taking Notes 3. Main Ideas 4. Critical Thinking Explain the Identify an effect for each a. What were the goals of Analyzing Causes Why significance of: cause listed in the chart the patroon system? did colonists in Maryland below. and the Carolinas enslave • Peter Stuyvesant b. What three Middle Native Americans and use • patroon Cause Effect Colonies offered religious African slaves? • Duke of York New Netherland freedom? threat to English THINK ABOUT • proprietary colony English attacked c. What were three crops • William Penn Quakers grown in the Southern • the crops being grown Laborers needed Colonies? • the nature of farm work • Quaker in Carolinas • royal colony Oglethorpe too strict in Georgia • James Oglethorpe ACTIVITY OPTIONS LANGUAGE ARTS What are the health effects of tobacco? Write a news article or give a television SCIENCE report for a science show about the effects of tobacco on the body.

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