May 28, 1981 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 10945 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS THE GREAT ORANGE SQUEEZE: PRESS SUPPORT order controls how many oranges each "FORBIDDEN FRUIT" Newspapers, too, are calling for a grower will send to market during the study of the program. The Fresno Bee, season, how many of those will be shipped during any given week, and what size or­ the major newspaper of central Cali­ anges will be allowed. Depending on the HON. GEORGE MILLER fornia's agricultural region, in a need to restrict supplies, golfball-sized or­ OF CALIFORNIA March 18, 1981, editorial, called the anges might be illegal this week but okay IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES program outdated and lamented the next month, when the softball sizes have Thursday, May 28, 1981 unfairness to small farmers and the been eliminated. The cops remain the waste of food. The San Francisco Ex­ same-inspectors for the federal and state e Mr. MILLER of California. Mr. aminer editorialized, "The regulations governments-but the laws they enforce Speaker, I have introduced H.R. 3022, run counter to commonsense • • • shift with the speed of a ferret. to reform the Agricultural Marketing They provide an excellent example of Pescosolido quickly discovered that his Adjustment Act in order to better pro­ what President Reagan means when problems with the navel orange marketing tect the interests of independent grow­ he speaks of government grown too order were simply one piece of a regulatory ers and packers and consumers. puzzle established by the Agricultural Mar­ This program is a perfect example of large in its power." keting Agreement Act of 1937, a bill setting the kind of Federal regulation gone The industry press has joined the up legalized agricultural cartels that could call for a public hearing. The Packer, constrict production and inflate food prices. wild which President Reagan, most When the bill passed in a Depression econo­ Members of this Congress, and the a major agriculture trade paper, noted, "If the prorate system Cthe my, American agriculture was on the ropes, public have decried. A policy intended marketing order] is a godsend for milk was being dumped on the highways, some 40 years ago to aid farmers now growers, shippers, and consumers and fields went unpicked because wholesale oppresses independent growers, en­ prices were so low. Legislators believed that hances absentee speculators, encour­ alike, it should be able to withstand a overproduction and gluts hurt farmers and ages inefficiency and bleeds consum­ public debate and a vote by the indus­ that the resulting shortages hurt consum­ try." ers. So the bill they designed allowed the ers. An article in a recent issue of In­ creation of agricultural trusts; herky-jerky MEMBERS ENJOY ORANGES quiry magazine did an excellent job of fluctuations were out, stability was in. This year, millions of pounds of per­ outlining the issues in this debate, and As a result of the statute, more than half fectly edible navel oranges are being I want to share that article with my of all domestically grown fruits, vegetables, withheld from the national market be­ colleagues. and nuts are covered by forty-eight federal cause of Marketing Order 907. Several The article follows: marketing orders, separate state marketing hundred pieces of this condemned orders for thirty-six additional crops in Cali­ citrus were enjoyed by all of us in the FORBIDDEN FRUIT fornia, and eleven similar programs in other Members' dining room a few weeks states. The orders cover crops as diverse as ago. Consumers will not be able to SAN JOAQUIN VALLEY, CALIFORNIA-Along Idaho potatoes, winter tomatoes, Hawaiian the "Famoso Drag Strip," oranges are piled papayas, and Florida grapefruit; and include enjoy fruit exactly as good as that, in hillocks more than eight feet high, ex­ nearly all of the nation's supply of citrus however, because of the unfair way panses of bright, round fruit stamped with fruit, pears, nectarines, raisins, prunes, wal­ the marketing order operates. the Sunkist label and left to rot in the sun. nuts, almonds, filberts, hops, dates, and pea­ H.R. 3022 would not eliminate the Rivers of orange juice wind off the pave­ nuts. Under those orders most rigorously orders, but it would end the unjustifia­ ment and soak into the soil. The smell is al­ enforced-and oranges are a prime exam­ ble situation in which the Government ternately sweet and putrid at the site of this ple-the regulations are so restrictive that has given broad regulatory powers tremendous orange dump made necessary up to half the crop will be diverted from the over an entire industry to one segment by a raft of regulations governing agricul­ fresh market; in this case to be mashed into of that industry, to the detriment of ture, regulations that have become a source frozen concentrate, dried, and turned to of fierce contention this year. cattle feed, or simply left to rot. In Califor­ competitors and consumers alike. Forty miles away from the drag-strip nia this year alone, an estimated 3.5 million USDA REVIEW dump a major California citrus grower mo­ pounds of oranges-enough to fill 1750 one­ I am pleased that the Department of tions toward a bookcase full of files and re­ ton trucks-will be held off the open Agriculture has initiated a thorough ports amassed in his battle against these market. As though wasted food were not review of marketing orders which I am rules, shakes his head, and frowns: bad enough, the forty-eight existing mar­ hopeful will result in support for "They say these regulations are democrat­ keting orders cost consumers more than $10 modifications along the lines of H.R. ic. Yes, as democratic as the Kremlin. In million, from the nation's general fund, for fact, we call them the Red Menace. On the federal government's participation in 3022, and I look forward to public second thought, I wish you wouldn't use enforcing these orders. hearings this summer. that analogy because I don't believe commu­ Pescosolido and like-minded farmers have CONGRESSIONAL CONCERN nist Russia would ever allow this kind of just begun to rail against the entire market­ I am also pleased that Members of waste of food. It's not even a good socialistic ing order system. They have targeted a Congress have joined in the call for a system. I don't know what it is." dozen of the orders for legal challenges. But study of these orders by cosponsoring The farmer is Carl Pescosolido, a Harvard­ nowhere is the debate hotter than in or­ educated former oil marketer from Massa­ anges. Pitted against Pescosolido is the H.R. 3022. chusetts who "fell in love with this green­ mammoth Sunkist Growers, Inc., the INDUSTRY SUPPORT house called the San Joaquin Valley" on a eighty-five-year-old cooperative whose em­ Industry, too, supports reviewing the business trip west. Pescosolido bought into a ployees wrote the original marketing order marketing orders. It is very important 3600-acre citrus operation, became part almost fifty years ago. The U.S. Department to note that much of the displeasure owner of Exeter Orange Company, and set­ of Agriculture has also lined up against him, with the current progress emanates tled in for a taste of rural life. along with a considerable number of farm­ from the agricultural · community His first few years were pleasant enough. ers afraid of any sudden change in what Pescosolido guided Exeter Orange Company amounts to government-sponsored control itself-from growers, packers and han­ out of the Sunkist orbit, and business of the market. Meanwhile Pescosolido has dlers, large and small, who resent the boomed. But then the company a stone assembled as unlikely alliance, including orders' unwarranted interference in wall of government resistance to further ex­ other agribusiness entrepreneurs, Consum­ their right to do business competitive­ pansion: a federal "marketing order" estab­ ers Union, organic farmers who are placed ly. lished by Sunkist attorneys in 1953. The at a disadvantage by produce quality stand-

e This "bullet" symbol identifies statements or insertions which are not spoken by the Member on the floor. 10946 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 28, 1981 ards that favor heavy pesticide users, and At western regional offices of Consumers Pescosolido argues that the constraints of poor people's self-help groups. Union in San Francisco, researchers have the marketing order, which predetermine The pressure will be on the White House prepared documentation supporting Pesco­ how much fruit each grower can sell, de­ to referee the coming war between these solido's position. Union spokesman Carl stroy all incentive for producing particular­ two sides. Although Reagan has often Oshira reviewed the history of marketing ly good fruit, marketing ingeniously, or talked about getting government off our orders and found they hewed fairly closely farming efficiently. "Without the order, backs, it will take some political guts to to the orange model. "Where you have a there would be a much more aggressive mar­ stand on this principle when the largest cor­ dominant co-op, you usually have a market­ keting program nationally,'' Pescosolido poration in an industry bends over and lays ing order. Otherwise if Sunkist and Pure says. "Right now there's no reason to do it. out a welcome mat. "Philosophically the Gold Cthe other citrus cooperative) sat If you strengthen your label and create Reagan people are receptive to the argu­ down together and said, 'What are we going more demand, you won't benefit from that." ments against these marketing orders," one to ship next week?' It would be an antitrust Pescosolido has tried to make a profitable lobbyist says, "but politically, a lot of pres­ violation." Consumers Union, a lobbying end run around the marketing order restric­ sure is being brought by Sunkist and others. group, first joined the battle over govern­ tions by building a large export business. It will be interesting to see whether their ment regulation of agriculture five years The export market is not covered by the principles rise above the politics of the situ­ ago, during a tough exchange over inflated marketing order, and last March his block­ ation." milk prices. Oshira believes the successful long packing house hummed with the The fight over agricultural production campaign against milk price increases has sounds of peak-season production. The tan­ was recently dramatized when frustrated saved consumer $80 million a year, and the gerines being packed that day were headed growers attempted to give fruit that had experience led the organization to probe for Germany. At a time when the tangerine, been diverted from the fresh market to regulation of produce sales. orange, and lemon industries are shipping 5 inner city organizations. When Pescosolido During their probe, Consumers Union percent overseas, one of every four pieces of turned over two million boxes of oranges to found that during the fifty years since mar­ fruit in Pescosolido's operation is headed to poor people's organizations in California keting order became possible, conditions foreign countries. and Massachusetts, he was threatened by a have changed radically in agriculture. In Rhetoric in the Great Orange Debate of hefty fine from the Navel Orange Adminis­ 1937, 25 percent of the population was en­ 1981 has intensified recently, since Pescoso­ trative Committee, the group of industry gaged in agricultural production and racked lido filed a formal demand with the Depart­ representatives-five of the ten chosen by up only 7 percent of the gross national ment of Agriculture seeking to overturn the Sunkist-which can sting rebellious farmers product. Now, only 3 percent of the coun­ marketing order. Included in his supporting with fines equal to the value of produce try's population works in agriculture but documents was a copy of a letter from one they ship above quotas set by the commit­ hauls in a bigger share of the nation's of the administrative committee's repre­ tee. The threat handed Prescosolido a wealth. That shift means that marketing sentatives, requesting payment of $1 for public relations windfall. "I went to East orders serve as a reverse Robin Hood, taking every carload of oranges shipped from the Oakland, and I'll admit something to you," pennies from the pockets of the urban poor, Exeter Orange Company. Growers rarely who spend proportionately more on food wash their dirty linen in public, and submis­ Pescosolido says quietly, palms turned up. than does the rest of the population, and "I had never been there before. I'll never turning over the money to the largest agri­ sion of the letter helped turn the fight over forget it the rest of my life. The horror of business concerns. "Now the marketing the orange marketing order into an ex­ the place, in a physical sense, is what stays order transfers income from poorer people change of insults. with you. But the scene I'll remember is in the inner cities to richer people in the Pescosolido refused to make the pay­ seeing these little kids walking in to the country," Oshira argues. ments. He points to the request as an exam­ West Oakland Food Coop and paying a Oshira cites orange prices as a prime ex­ ple of the kind of corruption, albeit small­ nickel and taking away a pound of or­ ample. Despite a bumper crop in Califor­ time, that the order encourages. "This rep­ anges. . . . I thought it was beautiful. It's nia's lush San Joaquin Valley this year, di­ resentative was soliciting payment for serv­ that goddamn simple." version of fruit from the fresh market has ice on the committee. You have the repre­ Beauty, however, was not an issue when caused up to a 26 percent increase in prices sentatives from Sunkist and Pure Gold ac­ Sunkist, then in control of 87 percent of the over last year's sales tag. Pescosolido con­ cepting compensation for their services. crop in California and Arizona, drafted the tends that diversion of fruit from the fresh How can that committee serve in the indus­ original order establishing the Navel market by the Navel Orange Administrative try's best interest? If some growers pay and Orange Administrative Committee. Sunkist Committee plays into the hands of super­ others don't, can we expect to be treated gave itself majority control of the commit­ market chain managers, who never have to equally?" tee with five votes; two votes went to a com­ worry about small-time jobbers undercut­ John Wollenman, a farmer with 500 acres peting cooperative, and three votes to the ting high prices; this results in a 200 to 300 in oranges, was the representative who solic­ independent farmers. Sunkist's share of the percent retail markup in orange prices. ited payment from Pescosolido and others. orange market has dropped considerably "We're driving the consumer away from our Wollenman is executive chairman of the ex­ during the past three decades, but it re­ commodity with those kinds of prices,'' he ecutive committees covering regulation of mains a hearty supporter of the order's con­ says. both navel and valencia oranges, and he ex­ tinued existence. Indeed Sunkist has gone Independent agricultural economists have plains that since the law provides only $25 to some lengths to discredit Pescosolido, in­ found at least a kernel of truth in Pescosoli­ per weekly meeting plus some minimal ex­ sisting that he simply wants to have the do's argument. In a report to the Federal pense money, it has been necessary to raise - gloves taken off and the governinent's refer­ Trade Commission in 1976, staff researcher more funds on the side. "Gasoline is very ee role eliminated so that he can drive small Alice Masson wrote that "If price competi­ expensive now, you know," Wollenman com­ farmers out of business. "The average hold­ tion were to develop, it is probable that the plains. He acknowledges receiving $3400 in ing in this crop is from thirty-four to forty result would be a lower fresh fruit price and ·payments from two orange packing houses acres," Sunkist spokeswoman Ann Warring a larger quantity sold." In an internal this season, but denies that the payments says. "Mr. Pescosolido has in excess of 3000 memorandum in 1974 to then President influenced his votes on the committees. acres. His motives may not be all they seem 's Cost of Living Council, re­ In any case, the Department of Agricul­ to be." searchers found that the diversion of fresh ture has advised Wollenman and other com­ Pescosolido angrily dismisses Sunkist's ar­ oranges off the market was "economically mittee representatives to stop asking for gument. "The small farmer doesn't exist. He wasteful and deprives American consumers extra compensation for their services. hasn't existed for twenty-five years or of significant food supplies at a time when Donald Kuryloski, deputy director of the more," he says flatly. Pescosolido and other most consumers are facing rising prices and department's Food and Vegetable Division, marketing order critics believe government shrinking supplies of many food products." says, "We don't condone that at all. You regulation hands supermarket chains an in­ Even statistics kept by the Navel Orange don't do anything that gives even an ap­ centive for holding prices high instead of Administrative Committee itself seem to pearance of a conflict of interest. You just letting them fluctuate according to supply, support his speculation. The marketing of don't." rewards land speculators who need money­ fresh oranges in 1980 was below that of Sunkist spokesmen, members of the ad­ losing citrus groves as tax shelters despite 1945, despite the protections of the market­ ministrative committees, and federal offi­ the long-run folly of overproduction, and ing order, increases in population, and a cials ·all deny that the effect of marketing works largely to protect the interests of the surge of food faddism favoring fresh pro­ orders is to waste millions of tons of pro­ . largest corporations controlling production duce. Overall consumption of fresh citrus duce each year. The drag strip near the of a particular crop. "The marketing order products has declined nearly 30 percent in Kern-Tulare county line, where thousands was drafted by Sunkist lawyers. They cre­ the past twenty years, from an average per of pounds of oranges are now rotting, is offi­ ated it to legalize their cartel," Pescosolido capital consumption of 32.5 pounds in 1960 cially classified as one of fifty-five approved says. to 24 pounds in 1979. "processors"-including dairies, livestock May 28, 1981 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 10947 yards, trucking companies, and even a Litter ground.... A million people hungry, need­ and increase the rate of prisoner reha­ Container Company-where fresh produce ing the fruit-and kerosene sprayed over bilitation merits the concerns of the above a farmer's· quota can be diverted. the golden mounds. Congress and the country. "That's not a dump. That's a dryin' area," "There is a crime here that goes beyond Wollenman drawls. "This is not the first denunciation. There is a sorrow here that The article follows: year we've sent fruit to the dryin' area." weeping cannot symbolize. There is a failure A MORAL OBLIGATION TO PRISONERS Wollenman says that after the fruit rots here that topples all our success." No one questions that a criminal convic­ and the juice runs off, the leavings are Pescosolido reads through that passage in tion should always be open to correct a mis­ mashed into cattle feed. his office, and sinks back into his chair. carriage of justice. But no other system in Sunkist has felt "quite frustrated" with "That's beautiful, that's exactly it," he says the world invites our kind of never-ending the focus on waste in the fight over the as he prepares for another round in the warfare with society, long after criminal orange marketing order. Says spokeswoman slugfest over government regulations origi­ guilt has been established, beyond reason­ Ann Warring, "There's been a statement nally imposed to prevent waste and curb the able doubt, with all the safeguards of due made that half of the crop will not make it farmers' hardship and the consumers' un­ process. Our system has moved thoughtful, to the consumer. Well, Sunkist has been certainty. The new alliance Pescosolido has sensitive observers who are dedicated to in­ processing all of its products." Nonetheless, joined, a coalition of independent farmers dividual liberty to ask: "Is guilt irrelevant?" even Sunkist acknowledges that navel or­ and consumer lobbyists, believes the govern­ Looking back, we see that over the past anges are ill suited for "processing" into ment regulations only deepen the evil they half century we have indulged in a certain frozen concentrate. The fruit is so tart that were designed to cure.e amount of self-deception with euphemisms, it must be mixed at a ratio of ten to one sometimes perhaps to sugar-coat the acid and, as a consequence, the return to farmers pills of reality, and sometimes to express is below the cost of production. Consum­ IN RECOGNITION OF ALAMEDA our humane aspirations for those who break mers Union spokesman Oshira believes the EDUCATOR, MR. ARTHUR LEY­ our laws. Prisons became "penitentiaries"­ diversion of table oranges to frozen concen­ DECKER places of penitence-juvenile prisons trate and cattle feed is an overall waste of became "reform schools" and, more recent­ scarce resources: "We have a situation ly, we have begun "halfway houses" without that's an outrage. Think of the land, the HON. FORTNEY H. (PETE) STARK being quite sure halfway from what to energy, the water, the capital used to grow OF CALIFORNIA what. that fruit. Think of the people who should IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES I have long believed-and I have frequent­ love to buy that fruit at a price they could Thursday, May 28, 1981 ly said-that when society places a person afford." behind walls and bars it has a moral obliga­ In San Francisco, USDA official Ben Darl­ •Mr. STARK. Mr. Speaker, I would tion to take some steps to try to render him ing scoffed at the picture Oshira drew of like to take this opportunity to share or her better equipped to return to a useful hungry consumers being denied produce be­ with my colleagues the achievements life a a member of society. Now, I say "try," cause of the operation of marketing orders. of one of my constitutents, Mr. Arthur and I use the term moral obligation, not Darling said his position would be altered if Leydecker. legal, not constitutional. The Constitution oranges were needed for survival. But, he Mr. Leydecker is retiring this year properly mandates dues process and it man­ allows: "Oranges are not an essential food. dates certain protective guarantees, but it People don't need oranges. They can take after 30 years as an educator in the mandates nothing concerning the subject of vitamins." city of Alameda, Calif. punishments except that they not be "cruel Carl Pescosolido has been struggling to In addition to his responsibilities as and unusual." To make these people good avoid dumping his oranges on the ground, a teacher and as an administrator, he citizens is also for our own proper self-inter­ but that task was made more difficult when has devoted much of his time to civic est. the juice processing plant that normally duties. He is past president of the Ala­ To do all the things that might have some handles diverted fruit from Exeter Orange­ meda Girls' Club, he is on the board of chance of changing persons convicted of se­ controlled by John Wollenman's brother, directors of the Alameda Boys' Club rious crimes will cost a great deal of money, G. A. Wollenman-€xpelled Pescosolido's and 1981, if you have listened to talk shows, company from the facility. Pescosolido also and the Rotary International. He has is hardly the year in which to propose large endured a twelve-day "audit" by administra­ served on the Alameda Council, the public expenditures for new programs to tive committee investigators pursuing a pos­ Boy Scouts of America, and the Cen­ change the physical plants and internal pro­ sible fine against Exeter Orange. As if to un­ tury Club. He received the Honorary grams of penal institutions. So what I am derscore the risk of his rebelliousness, Pes­ Life Service Award of the PTA and about to propose are programs of relatively cosolido has only to reflect on the experi­ the leadership award of ACSA. modest fiscal dimensions that I believe will ence of his friend, former farmer Jacques It is indeed appropriate that we add help-but with no guaranteed results. Giddens, who defied administrative commit­ our commendations to Mr. Leydecker Two steps could reasonably be taken tee regulations in 1976 and was fined within the range of affordable expenditure. $12,620 and driven out of business. Pescoso­ upon his retirement and for his out­ I relate them chiefly because they are lido knows he has a serious fight on his standing service to the youth and com­ affordable in an economic sense-and feasi­ hands, and already he has plowed $250,000 munity of Alameda.e ble in terms of the psychology and the polit­ in legal fees into the effort. He's determined ical and economic realities of 1981. These to continue his battle in the courts, and proposals are closely related. Each bears on both his defenders and detractors see that BURGER'S COMMENTS ON training and education-training of the in­ as the first step in a radical new appraisal of PRISON REFORM mates and training of the keepers. agricultural regulation. In all too many state penal institutions, When hundreds of thousands of farmers HON. ROMANO L. MAZZOLI the personnel-the attendants and guards­ in the Dust Bowl watched their topsoil blow OF KENTUCKY are poorly trained and some are not trained away in the twenties and thirties and other at all for the sensitive role they should per­ farmers across the country were caught in IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES form. A fairly recent study shows an aston­ the crossfire of overproduction and poor Thursday, May 28, 1981 ishing rate of turnover of guards and correc­ prices, John Steinbeck wrote about the tional personnel. tandem hunger and waste that resulted­ •Mr. MAZZOLI. Mr. Speaker, we can An important and lasting consequence of twin poxes of a volatile economy. In "The all be proud of the way American jus­ lack of trained personnel is the impact on Grapes of Wrath," published the same year tice operates. Yet, improvements can the inmate-the individual inmate-who the Agricultural Marketing Agreement Act always be made in the system. continues his hostility toward society, became the centerpiece of government con­ I wish to congratulate the Chief Jus­ toward fellow inmates and prison personnel. trol in agriculture, Steinbeck wrote: "Men tice of the United States, Warren E. The keepers come to be the immediate sym­ who have created new fruits in the world Burger, on his remarks to the law bols of the society that keeps them con­ cannot create a system whereby their fruits graduates at George Washington Uni­ fined. Unfortunately, judicial holdings have may be eaten. And the failure hangs over not always discouraged this warfare. More the State like a great sorrow. versity recently. often than not, and I emphasize this, in­ "The works of the roots of the vines, of Excerpts of those remarks were car­ mates go back into society worse for their the trees, must be destroyed to keep up the ried in the May 26 Washington Post. confinement. price, and this is the saddest bitterest thing His proposals for a cost-effective The best of prison administrators cannot of all. Carloads of oranges dumped on the method to improve the penal system change some of the negative conditions 10948 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 28, 1981 unless those in the high-turnover, lower­ marks their second straight champion­ participate in this commemoration with a echelon categories are carefully screened, ship, an accomplishment which was man deeply committed to the well being of well-trained and reasonably paid. Psycho­ only a dream to team members and the Jewish people, a leader in the struggle logical testing of applicants is imperative to to combat and prevent anti-Semitism, and a screen out people with latent tendencies of their loyal fans a few short years ago. person of international stature, as a champi­ hostility. The existing prohibitions on psy­ As the only major professional team on of human, civil and individual rights: chological screening must be reexamined. on , the Islanders have Congressman Steven Solarz. Today, those lower positions in most of the given nearly 3 million residents of Both my parents survived the Holocaust. states are generally not paid adequately Nassau and Suffolk Counties a great At age 16 my mother was incarcerated at enough to get even minimally qualified sense of identity. Bergen-Belsen, living under sub-human con­ people. General Manager Bill Torrey, Coach ditions, and, amidst death, disease and de­ The time is ripe to extend the fine work Al Arbour, and the strong and skillful struction, she wrote plays, shared her food begun in 1972 by the National Institute of members of the Islander team are to and thus preserved her humanity. My Corrections, and we should proceed at once be commended for their tremendous father is the lone survivor from a family of to create a national academy of corrections four. In 1942 his parents were deported to to train personnel much as the FBI has effort over a long and demanding Treblinka. Later that year he received false trained local and state police. This is espe­ season. Their work has provided identification papers, and posing as a non­ cially needed for the states, which have no wholesome entertainment for thou­ Jew fought with the Polish underground. real training resources available. The acade­ sands of people and inspiration for He participated in the Warsaw Ghetto up­ my should also provide technical assistance many youngsters who participate in rising in 1943, the Warsaw uprising of 1944, to state and local institutions. hockey and other team sports. and then served as an intelligence officer The second step for which I would urge On behalf of many Islander fans in for the Allies. consideration is one that would need to be my district, I would like to take this As a child I denied my unique background. over a longer period of time. We should in­ I was not interested in concentration camps, troduce or expand two kinds of educational opportunity to extend to the team and its management heartfelt congratula­ the Warsaw Ghetto, nor any other aspect of programs in the prisons. the Holocaust. I wanted to be like everyone The first would be to make certain that tions and best wishes for future suc­ else: a normal American child. Despite my every inmate who cannot read, write, spell cess. Finally, no expression of appre­ denial, I knew there was a difference be­ and do simple arithmetic would be given ciation would be complete without rec­ tween myself and other children. It was a that training-not as an optional matter but ognizing the fine play of the Minneso­ feeling I could not articulate nor define, but as a mandatory requirement. The number it was all-pervasive! of young, functional illiterates in our insti­ ta Northstars, who also put forth a tutions is appalling. Without these basic gallant effort to participate in the A few years ago I was able to accept my skills, what chance does any person have of Stanley Cup finals.e unique background and the strength and re­ securing a gainful occupation when that sponsibility which came from being a child person W. released and begins the search for of survivors. employment-with the built-in handicap of PRESERVING THE MEMORY OF I frequently ask myself: What are my re­ a criminal conviction? THE HOLOCAUST CAN PRE­ sponsibilities as a child of survivors? What Focusing on the longer-term prisoner, the VENT ITS REPETITION should my concerns be? These are questions second phase of this educational program which all children of survivors ask them­ would require a large expansion of vocation­ selves. HON. STEPHEN J. SOLARZ As you probably know, our main concern al training in the skilled and semi-skilled OF crafts. The objective would be that a prison­ is that the world never forget the sufferings er would not leave the institution without IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES of our parents nor the tragedies of the Hol­ some qualifications for employment in the Thursday, May 28, 1981 ocaust. construction, manufacturing or service in­ There is a movement today among certain dustries. These vocational training pro­ e Mr. SOLARZ. Mr. Speaker, I w~mld scholars and intellectuals to, as Elie Wiesel grams should also be mandatory. An inmate like to bring to the attention of my states, "de-Judasize" the Holocaust, and who declines to cooperate must be motivat­ colleagues a very moving address on even among some, to deny its actual occur­ ed to do so by incentives including shorten­ the meaning of the Holocaust to the rence. ing the sentence. Just as good behavior younger generation which was deliv­ Can any rational person really think that credit is now allowed to reduce sentences, ered by Steven Kaiser, a member of our people did not suffer precisely because we should allow credit · on sentences for the board of directors of Second Gen­ they were Jews? Or that they were simply those who cooperate by learning. We should eration, a New York organization of few among many whom the Nazis thought help them to learn their way out of prison. undeserving of life? We cannot allow this in­ Even in this day of necessary budget aus­ children of Holocaust survivors. sidious denial, if not perversion, of history! terity, I hope that the President and Con­ Mr. Kaiser, a social worker and ad­ I freq·uently ask myself: How will my chil­ gress, in whose hands such matters must viser to students at New York Insti­ dren learn about the Holocaust? Who will rest, will be willing to consider these two tute of Technology and Nassau Com­ be presented as the true Holocaust Histori­ modest, but important steps. No one can munity College, delivered this speech ans? The survivors are the witnesses to the guarantee results, but if we accept the at the 38th anniversary of the Warsaw Holocaust. The survivors are the true Holo­ moral proposition that we are our brothers' ghetto uprising. In it he pays tribute caust Historians. It is a responsibility as keepers and the moral proposition that to the courage, tenacity, and spirit of children of survivors, as witnesses to the there is a divine spark in every human the Jewish people. witnesses, to ensure that the survivors' ex­ being-hard as that is to believe some­ periences are recorded and stand as the true times-we must try.e Mr. Speaker, I submit this moving and insightful address to be reprinted history of the Holocaust. It is not enough just to remember the suf­ in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD. fering, the humiliation, the tragedy of 15 ISLANDER TEAM COMMENDED THE HOLOCAUST CANNOT BE FORGOTTEN million Jews! It is imperative to remember , hydropower 02.1 previous year's dollar amount spent with they could of civilization and humanity. percent), and geothermal, wood, and waste minority suppliers and contractors. In the midst of starvation people shared <0.2 percent>.• Early in the development of the Model their meager rations. In the midst of bar­ Program it became apparent that each of barism writers produced poetry and plays. the Bell System companies should have cor­ In the very midst of hell Jews celebrated BELL SYSTEM MINORITY their covenant by holding Passover seders. BUSINESS ENTERPRISE porate MBE coordinators. These coordina­ The tremendous courage and tenacity of tors would facilitate contracts between their the Jewish people needs to be told, and companies and minority suppliers, and be passed on from generation to generation. HON. PARREN J. MITCHELL responsible for the implementation of the This is one of the primary responsibilities of OF MARYLAND program in their companies. Therefore, children of survivors! AT&T established corporate and local MBE Some of us here today are children of sur­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES coordinators. Although these people are not vivors of the Holocaust. Others personally Thursday, May 28, 1981 buyers themselves, they are in a position to suffered its horrors. Still others may not direct suppliers to those who serve in that have been directly touched. But no Jew can •Mr. MITCHELL of Maryland. Mr. capacity in their companies. AT&T issued say he was spared. All of us bear the scars Speaker, I am very proud to share guidelines to aid coordinators in determin­ of the Holocaust. And these scars make us with my colleagues the following syn- ing the effectiveness of their programs. acutely sensitive to oppression and tyranny opsis of the Bell System's efforts in Each company MBE coordinator summa­ wherever they are found. utilizing minority firms and affording rizes expenditures and issues quarterly re­ In Cambodia, hundreds of thousands have these firms an equitable opportunity ports that are sent to the department heads been slain or starved to death because of their resistance to the new regime. In South to compete for Bell System business. of each company. In order to insure that Africa, the system of Apartheid exists It is not very often that I have the the MBE Program continues to obtain top which constantly violates peoples' human pleasure of pointing to concerted ef- level attention, each year AT&T provides rights. forts by established private entities to company presidents their MBE expendi­ In the Soviet Union, the Government pro­ move minorities one step closer to eco- tures for goods and services.as compared to motes lies about Jews, curtails their emigra­ the other companies in the Bell System. tion and has systematically suspended the nomic parity. However, Mr. W. Orville Also included are recommendations which human, civil and individual rights of its Wright, division staff manager, gov- may be helpful in administering the pro­ Jewish citizens. ernment and community relations, has gram in each company. Recent history gives us many examples of worked arduously in this area, and Since 1975, Bell System expenditures for the question of anti-Semitism and other vio­ graciously consented to outline the goods and services from minority suppliers lations of human rights. In the General As­ Bell System minority business enter- are as follows: sembly of the United Nations a resolution to prise Program. Among the recommended · established in 1978 to expand awareness of components were: the program on a departmental basis both IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES A statement of corporate policy to insure that maximum practicable opportunity be at AT&T and in the associated companies. Thursday, May 28, 1981 This group has sponsored a Bell System e Mr. McDONALD. Mr. Speaker, given to minority business enterprises to membership in the National Minority Sup­ participate as suppliers and contractors to plier Development Council. . there is some good news on the energy our business. front. Industry Week in its May 18, To see that fair and impartial considera- The Bell System believes that the success 1981, issue reports the following item: tion is given to each of the enterprises. of our program cannot be measured in dol- Although coal still remains king, for the Definitions of minority group members, lars alone. It can be measured by the com- first time the nation's utilities last year gen­ suppliers and contractors. mitment the Bell System has towards the erated more electricity with nuclear energy A methodology for providing maximum program and by the Bell System people who than with oil, the Department of Energy re­ practicable opportunity to minority suppli- spend immeasurable hours in aiding minor­ ports. Coal fueled 50.8 percent of all electric ers to be. considered on· an equal basis with ity firms to become viable in the communi- power generated. Nuclear energy I?roduced other enterprises. ty.e 10950 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 28, 1981 NASSAU COUNTY'S SENIOR Sally K. Griswold is not risking every­ more impact on problems, but changes take CITIZEN OF THE YEAR, 1981 thing. But neither is she spending her life place very slowly," she added. sitting in her back yard. Despite the frustrations and the snail-like Quite the contrary. She is perpetual pace of change, Griswold summed up her HON. JOHN LeBOUTILLIER human motion and emotion, a member of life cheerfully: "I give a little and get a lot OF NEW YORK almost every blue-ribbon organization in back."• IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Greater Cleveland that deals with seeking solutions to the problems of people. Thursday, May 28, 1981 Griswold is on the distribution committee e Mr. LEBOUTILLIER. Mr. Speaker; of the Cleveland Foundation and the board STEEL INDUSTRY COMPLIANCE it is most appropriate that during the of trustees of the Benjamin Rose Institute EXTE:N'SION ACT and Golden Age Centers. month of May, which is Senior Citizen She chairs the trustees of John Carroll Month in Nassau County, that special University, is on the board of overseers of HON. GUS SAVAGE recognition be extended to those se­ Case Western Reserve University, belongs niors who have excelled on behalf of to the Growth Association's board of direc­ OF ILLINOIS senior citizens causes and the commu­ tors and co-chairs the Commission on Social IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES nity as a whole. Concerns of the Federation for Community I am, therefore, extremely honored Planning. Thursday, May 28, 1981 to note that this year's Nassau County Griswold also is a member of the planning division of United Way, and is an advisory e Mr. SAVAGE. Mr. Speaker, today I Senior Citizen of the Year is Mr. director of the Cleveland-area BancOhio Harry Griffin of 2 Hidden Lane, West­ National Bank. The latter is a paid position. was one of the Members who both bury. Despite all this, Griswold emphasizes that supported and voted for passage of Mr. Griffin is a 30-year resident of she has been, first and foremost, a mother H.R. 3520, commonly known as the Nassau County, having served numer­ and a housewife. She has four children. Steel Industry Compliance Extension ious charitable and volunteer activities She was PTA president while teaching at Act. over the years. Among his many ac­ Mercer Elementary School in Shaker Heights. She served eight years on the As a member of the Congressional complishments, Mr. Griffin has re­ Shaker Heights school board. A lover of the Steel Caucus and as a cosponsor of corded over 14,000 hours of volunteer outdoors, she is a trustee of the Shaker H.R. 1817, legislation similar in pur­ service to the A. Holly Patterson Lakes Regional Nature Center. pose and intent to this bill we passed Home. He has a excellent understand­ Griswold's vitality.and verve belie the fact under suspension of the rules today, I ing of government, the private and that at least numerically, she qualifies as a am pleased that Members from both voluntary sectors, and has demonstrat­ senior citizen; she was born May 28, 1917, in sides of the aisle could join forces to ed a superb willingness to bring people Lakewood. She received a bachelor's degree in educa­ lend the steel industry a helping hand. and services together. The action we took today should help I am equally pleased to note that tion from the University of Michigan in 1938, after graduation from Heights High insure that many presently employed Mr. Griffin has been nominated for School. She obtained a master's degree in steelworkers in my district will not be the New York State Senior Citizen of guidance and counseling from John Carroll forced to join the thousands of laid-off the Year Award. Given the extent of in 1976. Wisconsin steelworkers, also in my dis­ his most impressive accomplishments, The green-eyed grandmother of five likes trict, who have been victimized, ·in I extend him every best wish in his to play golf, even .though she has trouble pursuit of this honored award. finding time for the sport. She enjoys cook­ part by Government insensitivity. The senior citizen occupies a very ing, reading fiction and spending time with This legislation will give the steel in­ special place in our society today. her family. Her husband, Bruce, is a dustry some breathing room to come member of the law firm of Calfee Halter & into compliance with requirements of More and more we younger Americans Griswold. will look to those who have lived life the Clean Air Act respecting installa­ How does she find time for all her duties? tion of pollution control equipment. If so completely, and seek to benefit Her answer is practical. "Well," she said, from their wisdom and experience. "not all boards and commissions meet at no action had been taken to relax the Among the many who have honored once. And a lot of work is done by paid staff compliance deadline of December 31, Mr. Harry Griffin-I am honored to members who make you look good." 1982, I am afraid my district and join in offering sincerest recognition Griswold is putting much of her energy others as well, would have come face to a man who has earned the respect into a few areas of concerTl: making day care to face with yet other heart-renching and love of so many by doing for available to children and the elderly, cut­ tragedies, the proportions of which ting health care costs and working with the would rival that of Wisconsin steel. others.e Council on Mental Health to insure that the rights of the mentally ill and retarded are Further, as one who has always been represented in the courts. a champion of the environment I am SALLY K. GRISWOLD "We are working to place health care in pleased that this legislation does not reach of every segment of the population, downgrade existing air quality stand­ HON. MARY ROSE OAKAR. and costs are escalating," she noted. "One ards. I have always insisted that con­ OF OHIO way we can cut these costs is to care for the elderly's health needs in their homes as cern for economic growth and concern IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES long as possible. Another way is to establish for the environment rieed not be mu­ Thursday, May 28, 1981 day care centers. We are also working to tually exclusive goals. enact legislation for the state licensing of The bill we passed grants the Envi­ •Ms. OAKAR. Mr. Speaker, one of day care centers for children." our outstanding citizens, Mrs. Sally K. ronmental Protection Agency the au­ Of President Reagan's budget cuts, Gris­ thority, on a case-by-case basis, to Griswold, mirrors the extraordinary wold said, "Federal programs can't keep work being done throughout the coun­ printing money. Too much money goes into stretch out the time within which a try, and I know all my colleagues will administrative overhead, and our goal is to company has to meet air quality be interested in her efforts as de­ get money directly to the people." standards in those instances where de­ scribed in the article below which ap­ The Cleveland area, she said, is "blessed monstrable need is sufficiently proved. peared in the Cleveland Plain Dealer. by a wealth of volunteers. Volunteers work Finally, I take this occasion to say in a learning, educational experience which that the action we took today gives me THIS GRANDMOTHER Is PEOPLE PROBLEM­ broadens your horizon. SOLVER "Sometimes we get a little satisfaction. and some reason to hope that Members "There is a time when one must decide a great deal of frustration. We keep seeing from both political camps will, in the either to risk everything to fulfill one's the same problems cropping up year after ensuing months, increasingly show a dream or sit for the rest of one's life in the year. Solutions aren't always lasting. When compassion for people in other areas back yard." you are involved you hope you could have as well.e May 28, 1981 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 10951 THE SASOL LESSON It is also discouraging that this Nation in 1977. In 1952 he entered the U.S. · is 30 years behind South Africa in syn­ Air Force, eventually reaching the HON. NICK JOE RAHALL II thetic fuel technology. rank of staff sergeant. After leaving OF WEST VIRGINIA With just a small degree of forti­ the Air Force, Wesley became involved tude, we could reverse this tide and in in the meat and grocery packaging in­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES a few years be in the enviable position dustries, becoming owner and operator Thursday, May 28, 1981 of South Africa as far as reducing oil of Triple Quality Meats in 1961. Wes­ •Mr. RAHALL. Mr. Speaker, recently dependence goes. Yet, in its urgency to ley's 17 years in the industry were suc­ I was invited to address the Metals cut the Federal budget, the adminis­ cessful ones, as is evidenced by his se­ and Minerals Conference in a World tration has not only reneged on com­ lection as the Morrell Meat Packers' Context in South Africa as chairman mitments made to our allies, but has outstanding salesman of the year. of the House Coal Group and as a seriously damaged our efforts toward Succeeding in private business, member of the Mines and Mining Sub­ energy. independence. Wesley has turned to public service in committee of the House Interior Com­ The SRC-II project calls for the later years. He was a member of mittee. Besides joining in on the dis­ conversion of 6,000 tons of coal into Compton Union High School's Person­ cussion of nonfuel minerals, their im­ 20,000 barrels of oil per day during the nel Commission, and advanced to serve portance to national security and tech­ demonstration phase. It would be the on the personnel commission for the nologies involved in their extraction, I largest construction project in West Compton Unified School District. In had an opportunity to tour several Virginia's history. Moreover, it would 1973, he was elected Compton city coal mining operations in that coun­ provide the basis for future commer­ treasurer and has held that office try. South Africa is a major coal ex­ cial-scale projects which were to pro­ since. As treasurer, he has guided the porter. In addition, it is a world leader duce the equivalent of 500,000 barrels city's successful efforts toward urban in the production and use of synthetic of oil per day by 1987 and 2 million revitalization, earning more interest fuels derived from ~oal. The largest barrels per day by 1992. income for the city than any other coal liquefaction facility in the world, Today, these goals are in jeopardy. treasurer in Compton's history. Fur­ Sasol, is in South Africa. It is a profit­ At present, the administration is ne­ ther proof of his effectiveness as treas­ able operation and has drastically re­ gotiating the future of SRC-II with urer lies in the fact that he ran unop­ duced that country's dependence on Japan, West Germany, and Gulf Oil. I posed in the last election. foreign oil. would suggest that during these talks Mr. Speaker, this is a man of talent The Sasol project began in 1950. the administration stand by agree­ and energy who continues to give his Last year, due to the production of ments which were signed in the Rose all to his community. Wesley belongs synthetic fuels from Sasol 1, only Garden last year by President Carter. to over a dozen civic organizations, in­ about 25 percent of South Africa's I would urge the administration not to cluding the Compton Chamber of energy requirements were met by im­ instill an element of distrust in our in­ Commerce, the Young Men's Christian ported crude oil. With the completion ternational allies by eroding this Na­ Association, the National Association of Sasol 2 and 3, that country's de­ tion's commitment to leading the way for the Advancement of Colored pendence on foreign oil will drop to toward increased energy security. The People, the Central Democratic Com­ less than 15 percent. technology being developed at the mittee, and the Compton Police Offi­ With the Sasol technology, South SCR-II plant is but one building block cers' Reserve Corps. A man who has Africa has made an investment in the toward the creation of an entire indus­ given so much of his time and energy future. Thus, it was with some chagrin try. But, it is a very impo_rtant build­ to the growth of our area is deserving that I read an article in the Star, ing block as it is part of the f ounda­ o:f this dinner in his honor. South Africa's largest daily newspa­ tion of an international effort among My wife, Lee, joins me in wishing per, which led V!ith this paragraph: our allies, the Federal Government, the very best for Wesley, who we know Like a piece of soft coal, the U.S. synthet­ and the private sector to jointly tackle will continue his high level of excel­ ic "fuels programme has begun to crumble the problems we all face in meeting lence in the years ahead.e around the edges now that the Reagan ad­ the energy challenges of today and of ministration has started handling it. And, as those that will be faced by future gen­ with the piece of coal, the projects under erations.e scrutiny are leaving a residue even after SOCIAL SECURITY CUTBACKS they are scrubbed. It is the residue of this country's TRIBUTE TO WESLEY SANDERS, synthetic fuel efforts that I would like JR. HON. DAVID W. EVANS to address. It is the scrubbing of a OF INDIANA project forged with international coop­ HON.GLENNM.ANDERSON IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES eration that I would like to decry. OF CALIFORNIA Among the synthetic fuel demonstra­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Thursday, May 28, 1981 tion projects slated to be cut by the Reagan administration, SRC-II in Thursday, May 28, 1981 •Mr. EVANS of Indiana. Mr. Speak­ Morgantown, W. Va., represented a e Mr. ANDERSON. Mr. Speaker, on er, because of my interest in and advo­ commitment by the U.S. Government, June 6, 1981, the Brothers 3 will host a cacy of the social security retirement the private sector and two of our dinner at the Coconut Grove in Los system and as a member of the House allies, Germany and Japan, to jointly Angeles Ambassador Hotel to honor Aging Committee, I wish to state my cooperate in reducing foreign oil im­ Compton City Treasurer Wesley San­ opposition to several of the adminis­ ports by developing synthetics from ders, Jr. This occasion is one more tration's proposals to reduce certain coal. However, due to the administra­ honor in Wesley's already distin­ social security benefits beginning Jan­ tion's proposal to cut the Federal guished life, for he has always ex­ uary 1, 1982. I consider the adminis­ share of this project, West Germany celled in both private and public ven­ tration's proposals to be an overreac­ seems ready to give up on it; Japan tures. tion to the critical need to correct the feels cheated; and, Gulf Oil, which is Wesley was born in Los Angeles on many problems associated with the carrying the private share of costs, February 7, 1933. He attended Jordan social security system. cannot continue its work. High School, entered Harbor Commu­ Major elements of the administra­ It is strange that this administration nity College to major in business ad­ tion's plan would reduce benefits for is so shortsighted as to not realize the ministration, and graduated from the those persons retiring before age 65 implications of its actions in this area. University of California at Santa Cruz and delay for 3 months an annual 10952 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 28, 1981 cost-of-living allowance

79-059 0 - 84 - 78 (Part 8) 10958 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 28, 1981 late as the mid-1980's, nearly half of terest rates of 9 percent for borrowers leagues to Jom in support. For the all Members of the House retired after after January 1 of this year. benefit of my colleagues, I wish to a single term. But this tradition is now As New York's senior member of the insert the text of this bill into the dead. Today, only 17 percent of my House Education and Labor Commit­ RECORD. distinguished colleagues are freshmen. tee where this program originates, I H.J. RES. 259 I would like to see that figure substan­ have been an original cosponsor of all Joint resolution to express the intention tially increased, for I believe that a legislation effecting this program since of Congress to make no legislative changes regular infusion of new blood, and new my election to Congress in 1969. I have in the Guaranteed Student Loan Program ideas, would be more in keeping with seen this program grow particularly which would be effective prior to October 1, what the authors of our Constitution since 1978, when income eligiblity for 1981, and to prohibit the Secretary of Edu­ had in mind. loans was removed and lending cation from taking any action to make any Members of the Constitutional Con­ jumped from $2 billion to upward of administrative changes in that pro~am vention also debated a proposal to $7 billion today. prior to such date. The unique nature of this program Whereas the applications for the Guaran­ limit the President to a single 6-year teed Student Loan Program for fall semes­ term. Although the idea was not then stems from its voluntary nature of ter of 1981 are currently being processed; adopted, it has been suggested at in­ participation by lending institutions. Whereas banks and other lending institu­ tervals ever since. I believe that this Congress has carefully built upon this tions that participate in the Guaranteed proposal would remove political con­ program, most recently during its re­ Student Loan Program do so on an entirely siderations from many Presidential de­ authorization through 1985 last year, voluntary basis and reduce their participa­ cisions, since incumbents would not to insure that lenders keep their doors tion in the program when Government red­ constantly be running for reelection. open to students. In 1979, I introduced tape increases; Public opinion polls show, Mr. similar emergency legislation which Whereas changes in the Guaranteed Stu­ removed the "cap" placed upon the dent Loan Program. which might retroac­ Speaker, that the idea of limiting tively affect IOan guarantees for loans cur­ Presidential and congressional terms subsidy paid to lenders by the Federal rently being processed will drive lenders continues to interest a large segment Government when skyrocketing inter­ from the program and delay disbursements of the American people. And yet the est rates threatened to close down the to students and their families during the Judiciary Committee has scheduled no program. Today, we are faced with a critical summer and early fall periods when hearings on any of these proposals. In similar emergency situation: The need the greatest volume of applications for stu­ fact, when my staff contacted the Sub­ to postpone changes in this program dent loans under the Guaranteed Student committee on Civil and Constitutional to insure lender participation during Loan Program occurs; the busiest period of the year; the Whereas the steps necessary to make any Rights, which theoretically has juris­ significant changes in the Guaranteed Stu­ diction in this area, staff members quarter before students return to dent Loan Program effective (including revi­ there could not even remember when school for the coming academic year. sion of regulations, publication and com­ hearings were last held on this sub­ Under the provisions in the budget, ment, reprinting of forms, changes in ad­ ject. approved by Congress and which I ministrative procedures, and notification of My question, Mr. Speaker, is a str ongly opposed, we are required to all parties of legislative modification> pre­ simple one: When are we going to act? effect substantial savings in the pro­ cludes implementation of changes in the How much longer can we ignore this grams under the jurisdiction of our program before October 1, 1981, at the earli­ issue? I call on the Judiciary Commit­ committee. One of the largest of these est; is the guaranteed student loan pro­ Whereas in 1972, Congress attempted to tee to conduct a comprehensive study impose immediate program changes in the of this question. We have talked long gram. While we are deliberating sav­ Guaranteed Student Loan Program which enough. Now is the time to act.e ings for this program which would be resulted in a near total shutdown of the the least damaging to both lenders program because most lenders simply with­ and students in the long run, we need drew from participation, requiring emergen­ GUARANTEED STUDENT LOAN to provide assurances to the lending cy legislation to delay the effective date of PROGRAM IN PERIL: EMER­ community that they can continue to the changes; and GENCY LEGISLATION INTRO- process loans without fearing changes Whereas, to prevent a repeat of the 1972 DUCED in the program before October 1 of shutdown of the Guaranteed Student Loan this year at the earliest. Program, the lending community must be assured that such changes will not be effec­ HON. The need to delay these changes has tive before October 1, 1982; Now therefore, OF NEW YORK been echoed by the higher education be it IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES community in testifying before a Resolved by the Senate and House of Rep­ Senate subcommittee last week on the Thursday, May 28, 1981 resentatives of the United States of America implications for the program if in Congress assembled, That- • Mr. BIAGGI. Mr. Speaker, the guar­ changes occur before October 1. Their ( 1) it is the sense of Congress that no leg­ anteed student loan program, a major comments on this subject all reflect islation that would make changes in oper­ source of college financial aid to mil­ identical concerns: History has proven ations of the Guaranteed Student Loan Pro­ lions of students in this country, is in that such short notice for such vast gram before October 1, 1981, should or will danger of collapsing unless measures be enacted; and changes in a program the size of the (2) the Secretary of Education shall not are taken to delay any changes in the student loan program would be admin­ promulgate any rule, regulation, order, program until October 1, 1981, instead istratively impossible, like our experi­ schedule, or amendment thereof which has of the proposed July l, 1981, being ence in 1972 which resulted in a near­ the effect of making changes in the oper­ pushed by the administration. closure of the program. ations of the Guaranteed Student Loan Pro­ This student loan program today In the weeks ahead, we on the Edu­ gram before October 1, 1981.e provides one out of every four college cation and Labor Committee will be students with assistance and has facing the painful task of reducing the opened the door to educational oppor­ costs of the guaranteed student loan MR. CHARLIE TILLMAN tunity for countless citizens since 1978 program while at the same time pre­ when Congress expanded the program serving the function of the program: HON. FORTNEY H. (PETE) STARK to allow all students to be eligible for To provide financial aid to students OF CALIFORNIA aid, regardless of their income. Today, who truly need it in order to complete IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES nearly 3 million students are borrow­ their education. ing under this program which provides This bill, House Joint Resolution Thursday, May 28, 1981 interest-free loans to borrowers while 259, is an important step in preserving •Mr. STARK. Mr. Speaker, on May they are in school at below-market in- this vital program and I urge my col- 19, 1981, Mr. Charlie Tillman ended May 28, 1981 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 10959 his 4-year term on the Alameda, Calif., dent Bush's March 4 letter to Congressman net Council as well when the Administra­ City Council. Mr. Tillman, retiring at Clarence J. Brown concerning the steel tri­ tion's proposal is finally available. the age of 74, has been both an inspi­ partite legislation states that the Adminis­ I would appreciate your providing to me tration was at that time "in the process of by June 1, 1981 assurances that the sched­ ration and a driving force behind innu­ preparing legislation." My impression was merable projects started and complet­ ule will be significantly accelerated and that that it would be ready in a manner of weeks, the EPA Administrator, not Secretary Watt, ed in Alameda in the last 4 years. not months. will have the lead role in developing Admin­ But Charlie Tillman does not end In the first place, the House will be in the istration proposals. his years of dedicated service by his re­ middle of the Independence Day recess on With best wishes, tirement last week. He will, for the June 30 and will not return until July 7. Thus, hearings on the Administration's pro­ Sincerely, next 3 years, serve on the California JOHN D. DINGELL, Commission on Aging, appointed by posals could not begin until after July 7. They will certainly require several days. Chairman.• California Assembly Speaker Willie This delay will put off Subcommittee Brown. And I am honored to say that markup until mid-July or later and would he will also serve as my appointee to probably ensure that full Committee CONGRESSIONAL VIGIL ON the White House Commission on markup would not occur until after Labor SOVIET JEWRY Aging to be held here in Washington Day. next November. This is unfortunate because at the urging Mr. Charlie Tillman's unending dedi­ of the Ranking Minority Members of the HON. PHILLIP BURTON cation and enthusiasm should serve as Committee and the Subcommittee· on Health and the Environment a hearing OF CALIFORNIA an example to us all. He has done schedule has been initiated which I support more for the city of Alameda than any that in general contemplates completion of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES could imagine, and he will be greatly hearings in June. Such hearings have al­ missed. It has been my privilege to ready begun. Adhering to this schedule Thursday, May 28, 1981 know Charlie, and I know of a great would permit markup to begin early in the e Mr. PHILLIP BURTON. Mr. Speak­ many others who share my sentiments summer and make it possible to move the er, as part of the Congressional Vigil in wishing him well.e needed legislation through the House this year. on Soviet Jewry I should like to call to At the Joint House-Senate hearing in the attention of my colleagues the THE CLEAN AIR ACT March on the National Commission on Air plight of Eitan and Alexandra Fin­ Quality's report, Senator Stafford, the kelshtein and their young daughter, HON. JOHN D. DINGELL Chairman of the Senate Committee on En­ Miriam. vironment and Public Works, expressed the Eitan Finkelshtein is a physicist and OF MICHIGAN desire to adhere to a similar schedule. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES The Administration's announcement jeop­ Alexandra is a biologist-oceanog­ ardizes that House-Senate schedule and raphy. They are residents of Vilnius, Thursday, May 28, 1981 makes it difficult to act "expeditiously" on Lithuanian SSR, U.S.S.R. They have e Mr. DINGELL. Mr. Speaker, while its proposals as urged on March 4 by the been waiting for over 9 years to emi­ the administration's concerns on do­ Vice President. grate to Israel. mestic affairs are directed to improv­ Clearly, such a delay is not in the inter­ Eitan Finkelshtein, a member of the ing the Nation's economy, there is a ests of the affected industries, their work­ ers, or the public in general. Indeed, it may Lithuanian Helsinki monitoring group, major centerpiece of the Nation's envi­ prove very detrimental to the environment has been trying to emigrate to Israel ronmental law-the Clean Air Act­ and the economy. Both stationary and since 1971. He has not only been which demands the attention of this mobile source industries have serious time denied an exit visa but he has not administration. The Clean Air Act ex­ constraints placed on them which affect been allowed to work in his profession­ pires September 30, 1981. There is no manufacturing and construction planning al field, physics, since he first applied question that this act has a profound and costs and, of course, jobs. for an exit visa. effect on the Nation's economy, jobs, I strongly urge that the Administration The Finkelshteins are reported to be energy production and, of course, the revise its schedule and transmit its propos­ als to Congress early in June. Such an accel­ under constant surveillance, their tele­ need to protect the environment and eration should not be difficult, particularly phone conversations monitored, and public health of the American people. now that the new EPA Administrator has interrupted and their mail cut off. I wish my colleagues to be aware of been confirmed. Eitan has been active in the hu:.. nan concerns I have as expressed in my I am also concerned about reports that rights movement and a contributor to letter to President Reagan regarding the . Administration's legislative proposals the journal, Jews in the U.S.S.R. both the question of timing by the ad­ regarding the Clean Air Act and the policies ministration in transmitting its pro­ on which those proposals are based are Because of his concerns for human posal to Congress and the question of being developed by the Secretary of the In­ rights, because of his own desire to ex­ who within the administration is pre­ terior and his Council on Natural Resources ercise th.e right to emigrate to Israel, and Environment and not the EPA Adminis­ Eitan Finkelshtein has lost his profes­ paring his recommendations on the trator, who lacks cabinet status. She is not act. The letter follows: sion, been fired from even short-term even a member of equal status on that menial jobs, and he and his family Hon. RONALD W. REAGAN, Council. Recent Administration memoranda The President, the White House, Washing­ indicate that even at the working level the must live in virtual isolation. ton, D.C. Office of Management and Budget and the This gross violation of human rights DEAR MR. PRESIDENT: A few days ago the Cabinet Council's Executive Secretary, Mr. is the concern of all persons of good Acting Administrator of the Environmental Danny J. Boggs, apparently are having a will the world over. Protection Agency, Mr. Walter C. Barber, greater input into the development of these Whenever the free movement of Jr., informed the Committee that the Ad­ legislative proposals than the EPA Adminis­ ministration has set June 30, 1981 as the trator. people is denied, wherever the human target date for submission to Congress of Clearly, the President is free to seek spirit and free expression are restrict­ proposed legislation to amend titles I, II, advice from his Cabinet and other Adminis­ ed, in each instance that human digni­ and III of the Clean Air Act. tration officials. However, responsibility for ty is degraded, then it is our obligation While I appreciate the need for the new the administration of the EPA and the to speak out and to call attention to EPA Administrator and other top officials Clean Air Act is vested in the head of EPA, these violations of basic justice. in the Administration to have time to ac­ not Secretary Watt and his Cabinet Council. I do so today in behalf of the Fin­ quaint themselves with the Act, implement­ It is my hope that with Administrator Gor­ ing regulations, and the program in general, such confirmed, our Committee can look to kelshtein family knowing full well delaying the submission of the Administra­ her as the principal architect of the Admin­ that they are but one concrete exam­ tion's legislative recommendations until istration's proposals and not be required to ple of an injustice which is repeated in June 30 gives me great concern. Vice Presi- question Secretary Watt and the full Cabi- other places and to other people.e 10960 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 28, 1981 INTRODUCTION OF ADMINIS- tinue to promote increases in the supply of citizens program and numerous other TRATION LEGISLATION ON primary care practitioners. The location volunteer organizations. HEALTH MANPOWER PRO- patterns of primary care practitioners ap­ As May is the month during which proximate those of the general population. GRAMS Training more primary care practitioners Nassau County traditionally celebrates will therefore enhance our efforts to ensure Senior Citizens Recognition Day, I am HON. EDWARD R. MADIGAN adequate access to health care services. honored to join in acknowledging Mr. OF ILLINOIS Third, the expansion of the National Bonner's glowing record of community IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Health Service Corps field strength service. to 2500 and maintenance of that level in the At this time, I would also like to take Thursday, May 28, 1981 future would assist in meeting the health the opportunity to note that Mr. • Mr. MADIGAN; Mr. Speaker, today care needs of the most severely underserved Bonner has been nominated for the I am pleased to introduce H.R. 3723, areas. While new NHSC scholarships would not be awarded in fiscal years 1981 and 1982 New York State Senior Citizen Special the administration bill "to amend pro­ Program would be continued has shown that, at any age, effort ex­ be severely impacted by the proposal. with modifications to ensure the availability tended for the benefit of the commu­ Thus, we veiw the administration's bill of loan funds for all health professions stu­ nity and individuals is exemplary and as a starting point for discussions with dents in the future. In addition, while no deserving of imitation. all affected principals whose concerns new capital contributions would be made by I extend my sincerest congratula­ are entitled to be heard. the Federal Government, health professions tions to Mr. Bonner in fitting recogni­ The administration's rationale for schools would be allowed to retain their Health Professions Student Loan tion of his many accomplishments, the bill's enactment is embodied in and nursing student loan funds. These and I urge all citizens to share his phi­ Secretary Schweiker's May 15, 1981, funds can be used by schools to meet the losophy of service and community in­ letter of transmittal to the Speaker. needs of students otherwise unable to volvement.e The Secretary's analysis follows: obtain loans. The draft bill would authorize appropri­ Fifth, a variety of other programs would ations of $267,873,000 for fiscal year 1982, be authorized to meet areas of high national CHALLENGES TO OUR NATIONAL and "such sums as may be necessary" for priority including: preventive medicine de­ SECURITY IN THE EIGHTIES fiscal years 1983 and 1984, for various partments and training, remote site train­ health professions personnel authorities. A ing, allied health disease prevention and HON. IKE SKELTON detailed summary of, and an authorizations health promotion projects, veterinary medi­ table for, the draft bill are enclosed. cine curriculum development, special proj­ OF MISSOURI The primary dbjectives of the draft bill ects for continuing education, and podiatry IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES are to eliminate incentives for continued ex­ special projects. Support for nurse practi­ Thursday, May 28, 1981 pansion of the capacity for training health tioner and advanced nurse training would be professionals; promote an increase in the continued along with physician assistant e Mr. SKELTON. Mr. Speaker, re­ supply of primary care practitioners, pro­ training. The draft bill would also provide cently, Lt. Gen. William R. Richard­ vide incentives for health professionals to funding for nursing special projects. son, Commandant of the Army's Com­ locate in underserved areas; ensure ade­ We urge the Congress to give the draft mand and General Staff College, ad­ quate access to financial resources for all bill its prompt and favorable consideration. dressed the Midwest Research Insti­ students seeking a health professions educa­ We are advised by the Office of Manage­ tute as part of a series of lectures that tion, and; target Federal resources. on pro­ ment and Budget that enactment of the grams which promote other national prior­ draft bill would be in accord with the pro­ it sponsors for the Kansas City metro­ ities. gram of the President;e politan area. His topic was "Chal­ This draft bill is the result of a careful lenges to Our National Security in the analysis of departmental programs within 1980's". I found his talk to be an excel­ the context of restrained Federal spending. NASSAU COUNTY'S 1980 SENIOR lent review of our needs and goals for The role of the Federal Government con­ CITIZEN SPECIAL CONTRIBU­ our national defense. His comments cerning health professions personnel must TION AWARD WINNER are helpful to us in our duties as Mem­ change from its previous focus on increasing the aggregate supply of health professionals bers of this body. to a better targeting of the allocation of HON. JOHN LeBOUTILLIER CHALLENGES TO OUR NATIONAL SECURITY IN funds to projects of high national priority. OF NEW YORK THE EIGHTIES Past Federal efforts have been successful in IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Ladies and Gentlemen, it is a distinct expanding the health professions training pleasure and an honor to have been invited capacity of the nation. As a result, the cur­ . Thursday, May 28, 1981 to speak to you today. It is important that rent and projected supply of most health e Mr. LEBOUTILLIER. Mr. Speaker, we in the military take opportunities such professionals should be adequate to meet this past year, the Nassau County De­ as this to inform interested groups of the the needs for health care delivery. status of our Armed Forces. First, termination of capitation grants, partment of Senior Citizens Affairs Since World War II, the United States and elimination of general construction named Mr. Robert F. Bonner of Syos­ and the free nations of the world have been grants and start-up assistance, would elimi­ set as the recipient of the Nassau faced by a formidable and expanding Soviet nate incentives for continued expansion of County Senior Citizen Special Contri­ war machine. In recent years western intel­ our health professions training capacity. bution in 1980 Award. ligence analysts have observed with increas­ However, short-term financial distress as­ Mr. Bonner has demonstrated an ing concern that the Russian armaments sistance would continue to provide grants to outstanding career in human and vol­ buildup has exceeded any possible need for institutions experiencing serious financial unteer services. Since 1975, he has defensive purposes. The invasion of Af­ difficulties and requiring assistance for ghanistan a year ago has dispelled any achieving fiscal stability and managerial re­ served as chairman of the advisory doubts as to the motive for the Soviet ac- · forms. council to the Nassau County Depart­ tions and the aggressive nature of their for­ Second, targeted support for primary care ment of Senior Citizens Affairs. His eign policy. It is clear that the Soviet Union training would con- ment in the town of Oyster Bay senior project power beyond its borders and even May 28, 1981 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 10961 the borders of the Warsaw Pact. A look at Equal in importance to manning the Army ever, there are many other places, in the some force comparisons will amplify this: is the critical task of modernizing the force world where we may have to fight on short On manpower, the Soviets have about to enable it to fight and win on the battle­ notice. twice as many men under arms as we do­ field of the 1980's. The Army is now on the We must, therefore, design flexible forces about 5 million men, backed up by a trained brink of the greatest modernization effort able to reinforce Europe or to respond to reserve force of at least another 5 million since World War II-the largest in our threats in Southwest Asia or elsewhere. Be­ who have served on active duty within the peacetime history. It is intended to achieve cause of the distance from developed U.S. past five years. at least technological equivalence with the bases, rapid deployment can best be accom­ The Soviet Army is comprised of 173 Soviets in fielded systems by 1985, and supe­ plish by air. The urgency of being able to re­ ground force divisions of which 97 are avail­ riority by 1990. spond to such a contingency has spurred able within days to fight in Central Europe. Because our most dangerous potential ad­ the Army's effort to improve the force ef­ Although our divisions are slightly larger, versaries have predominantly mechanized fectiveness of our light infantry divisions by we have the equivalent of only five divisions and armored units, much of our moderniza­ still keep them air transportable. in Europe. And even if all NATO forces tion effort has been designed to defeat that Here again, technology is seen as offering were counted, the Warsaw Pact would out­ threat. I am speaking of such weapons sys­ the most promise in providing lightweight number us 2 to 1 iri combat divisions, 3 to 1 tems as the XMl Main Battle Tank which anti-armor systems, light high mobility ve­ in tanks, and 2 to 1 in combat aircraft. Addi­ has demonstrated high cross-country mobil­ hicles, enhanced survivability, and new elec­ tionally, the Soviets can concentrate at the ity, the ability to shoot on the move with in­ tronic warfare opportunities. This must be time and place of attack, while NATO forces creased lethality, and superior crew protec­ done without heavily mechanized units, are spread from Norway to Turkey. tion. The companion Infantry Fighting Ve­ which are difficult to transport quickly over The Soviets have been able to achieve hicle, which can itself defeat other armored long diStances. that advantage in numbers because their vehicles, has mobility comparable to the Modernization by the accession of new annual budget allocates about $60 billion XMl tank and gives infantry the option to systems must be accompanied by a continu­ more to the military than does ours-more fight mounted or in the traditional dis­ ous program of maintenance of existing sys­ than double the percentage of GNP that we mounted role. tems and the training and support facilities spend. The division Air Defense Gun will replace needed to sustain the forces which use For many years we discounted the Soviets' today's totally inadequate systems. The Ad­ them. In addition, we must provide our de­ growing superior numbers with the comfort­ vanced Attack Helicopter is an all weather ployed forces with adequate stocks of am­ ing thesis that the United States possessed airborne tank-destroyer of unsurpassed munition, equipment to replace combat overwhelming technological superiority and quality. And the Blackhawk Utility Helicop­ losses, and an adequate stockage of repair that Soviet quantity was offset by American ter will improve tactical troop lift even in parts. Current levels in all three areas are quality. There is clear evidence that this is low density air environments like the woefully short today. For years, budget cut­ no longer true. In virtually every area of Middle East. backs have adversely affected these levels. ground combat, the Soviets have fielded Improvements in weapons systems are This trend must be reversed and funding in­ major materiel systems which equal or being accompanied by more versatile and creased. Unless this is done, neither the exceed the technological quality of our sys­ lethal munitions for delivery by direct sup­ present nor the future Army will be able to tems or those of our Allies. This is particu­ port field artillery. sustain itself in combat. larly the case in chemical warfare and tacti­ We have a great potential for improving This brings me to the third major task cal nuclear warfare capabilities. our battlefield performance through what is facing our Army: Training the force. The While a direct confrontation and conflict called Electronic Warfare. This can be a main function of the Army in peacetime is with the Soviet Union is the most dangerous potent force multiplier. By that I mean an the training of soldiers and units in the threat to our national security, it is not nec­ element of warfare which increases the skills of combat so that when war comes we essarily the one our Armed Forces will most combat effectiveness of a force by several will be prepared to fight and win. The train­ likely have to fight. We live in a world times its normal value. ing of our soldiers begins on induction. In which grows ever smaller and more danger­ Advanced command and control radio the Training Centers, the object is to con­ ous. It is a world which has seen the emer­ equipment is being introduced into our tac­ vert a civilian into a motivated, disciplined, gence of Soviet surrogates and other Third tical units. Aerial and ground mounted in­ and physically fit soldier equipped with the World nation states whose economic and telligence gathering and target acquisition skills needed to fight and survive in combat. ideological interests run counter to our sensors have greater accuracy and real-time The soldier must be shown that military own-nations whose armed forces have been data outposts. service is an arduous and demanding experi­ equipped with highly sophisticated weapons As you can imagine, the bill for the mod­ ence in which success in battle can come systems made possible by the sale of oil or ernization program the Army is undertaking only through each individual knowing how other scarce natural resources. These weap­ will be substantial. Planned procurement to do his job as a member of a team. The ons in the hands of intractable nations for modernization during the 1981-1985 new soldier must be challenged to give his could pose a more immediate and less pre­ period is about $33 billion, and an additional best, and higher standards are being re­ dictable threat than those of the Warsaw $50 billion is required for full moderniza­ quired to make basic training tougher. Pact in Central Europe. tion. Upon graduation from the Training In short, the challenges for the 1980's are To attain the best possible battlefield Center the soldier is assigned to a fighting unprecedented. We face a decade of poten­ payoff for the dollars we are given, the unit either here in the United States or tial conflict, and we in the Army must be Army is adopting a strategy of selective overseas. In the unit, individual skills are prepared to meet those challenges. modernization. We are assessing which sys­ sharpened and more emphasis is placed on To be effective in the decade ahead, we tems provide the best force multiplier effect teaching the soldier how those skills must must accomplish four tasks, and they apply and buying more of those or accelerating be integrated into the unit's mission as it to the other Services as well. We must: man their development and production. prepares for combat. It is in our combat the force; modernize the force; train the In addressing Army modernization to this units that cohesion and stability become so force; and we must be prepared to mobilize point I have stressed the need for better important. for war. I will address each of these tasks in materiel systems, but there are other di­ The ambitious modernization program I turn. mensions to modernization. Prior to defin­ outlined previously carries with it some po­ Manning the force is a major challenge ing equipment and system requirements, tential pitfalls in the area of training. Revo­ today. As a people we have decided that our there must be a concept of what is to be ac­ lutionary technological advancements often Nation will be defended by volunteers. The complished on the future battlefield and outpace the ability of the human mind to All Volunteer Force was begun with the as­ how that is to be done. Once that is estab­ control them. The potential for this exists sumption that if soldiering were to be made lished, then organizations to accomplish in tomorrow's Army, where highly sophisti­ competitive with employment in the civilian these tasks can be designed and necessary cated weapons systems, electronic sensors job market, military pay and benefits would materiel systems can be indentified, de­ and jammers, and necessary support equip­ have to be increased and maintained at com­ signed, and procured. ment will be in the hands of the average sol­ mensurate levels. While pay inequities Recently, the Army has completed an dier, nearly half of whom did not graduate today are the major concern, other signifi­ effort of several years' duration to redesign from high school. Some of this problem can cant recruiting depressants exist. the tactical forces to fight on potential bat­ be engineered away. Still, there remains a In 1976, Congress eliminated the GI Bill, tlefields in the coming decade. Because our substantial training challenge in mating an attractive package of education benefits. potential adversaries are strongest in man with machine in a way that allows the This was accompanied by an increase in gov­ Europe, that war is the most dangerous sce­ machine to be employed to its full effective­ ernment funded educational programs with nario in which our Army might have to ness. We believe we are meeting this chal­ no military service obligation. fight. Given America's global interest, how- lenge quite well. 10962 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 28, 1981 An associated problem is the expense and west Asia have aggravated this shortfall. Be­ termediate School. Three years later cost to the environment involved in unit cause of the absence of pre-positioned he moved on to become principal of training. Fuel and vehicular maintenance stocks and equipment in such areas as the Hawthorne's Washington Elementary costs attendant to training have escalated Persian Gulf, increased reliance on airlift sharply in recent years as has the cost of and fast shipping will be required to allevi­ School, and in 1952 he was promoted conventional ammunition. It is evident that ate this problem. to the position of administrative as­ new training techniques are necessary. The Thus far I have spoken about mobilization sistant for the Hawthorne School Dis­ Army is placing greater emphasis on the use in terms of raising and deploying forces. Of trict. Although busy with his career, of training devices and simulations which equal importance is the mobilization of the Reese still found the time to complete may be as complex as a guided missile train­ industrial base, both the government owned a master's program in education ad­ er or as simple as plastic ammunition which factories and ancillary demands. ministration at the University of can be used close to troop living areas, The Soviets maintain an active production Southern California in Los Angeles, thereby saving the cost of moving to remote base by turning out thousands of planes and ranges for small arms qualification. Simula­ armored vehicles every year. Ours is consid­ receiving his M.S. in 1955. The previ­ tions for unit commanders and staffs have erably less active and does not have the ca­ ous year he had received yet another also been developed. These are generally pability to ramp up quickly. promotion, this time to assistant su­ war games played on a mapboard in which A collateral problem is the aging of the perintendent of the Hawthorne School the commander and staff are given a scenar­ Army's industrial plant equipment, where District. He held this position until io and specific situation and mission. They metal cutting and forming tools are exceed­ 1961, when he obtained his present po­ are then required to perform the necessary ing their useful service life. Limited suppli­ ers for large forgings and castings, the sition-superintendent. estimates, analyses, and decision-making to Mr. Speaker, Reese has been an ex­ conduct the battle. shortage of components such as bearings Even with these advanced techniques, and integrated circuits, and a scarcity of traordinary asset to the Hawthorne actual field training will still be the ulti­ critical raw materials all detract from what School District; however, aside from mate test short of war, and the Army must little industrial capacity exists. The nation's the significance his public role has for make the most of field training opportuni­ transportation system also must be revital­ society's welfare, the private Reese ties. The pinnacle of each mechanized and ized in order to quickly move troops and ma­ Walton has been an exemplary citizen tank battalion's field training will be a trip terial to sea and aerial ports of debarkation. of his community. Let me list a few of every two years to the National Training These, then, are the four major tasks which must be accomplished in this decade his activities and achievements: Center, currently under development at member of the Centinela Valley Fort Irwin, California. if we are to have an Army capable of de­ At the National Training Center a battal­ fending this nation's interests throughout YMCA Board of Directors, president ion task force will be able to draw equip­ the world. We are a proud Army willing to 1962-63; member of the Rotary Club ment as though on a NATO deployment, face the challenges ahead, but these chal­ of Hawthorne, president 1967-68; then move into the field to perform tactical lenges are not the private domain of the member of the Southwest Community missions. There it will fight against .a well armed forces. They are challenges which Health Clinic Association Board of Di­ trained force using Soviet tactics and repli­ demand a national consensus. rectors; member of the Hawthorne cated equipment. In live fire exercises the As George F. Will has said, "Armies don't fight wars, nations fight wars." A fighting Chamber of Commerce; permanent di­ battalion will be able to maneuver against a rector of the Oliver McCammon Me­ moving target array which will also be de­ force with a will to win springs from a col­ signed to represent a Soviet force. By 1984 it lective national will. The preparation morial Scholarship Foundation; is anticipated that 42 battalions per year needed to win future conflicts will demand a member of the Hawthorne Art and will rotate through the National Training sense of national purpose and a willingness Cultural. Society Board of Directors; Center. by our citizens to make sacrifices for the member of the Hawthorne Memorial Our task to train the Army will provide betterment of our collective security. Center Corporation Board of Direc­ one of our toughest but most exciting chal­ You and I and our government must be tors. lenges. With proper leadership, it can have willing to sacrifice something today to ensure our security tomorrow. British Air He has also been the recipient of a big payoff. But an adequately manned several honors and awards, including force which has been properly trained and Marshal, Sir John Slesser, put it best some equipped with modern weapons is of limited years ago when he said, " It is customary in the Hawthorne Junior Chamber of value if it cannot be deployed to a theater the democratic countries to deplore expend­ Commerce Distinguished Service of operations in a timely manner and sus­ itures on armaments as conflicting with the Award for Outstanding Community tained once there. This task is mobilization requirements of social services. There is a Service in 1955; the Centinela Valley of the force, the fourth and last of the criti­ tendency to forget that the most important YMCA Man of the Year Award in cal challenges. social service a government can do for its people is to keep them alive and free.''• 1960; and the Hawthorne Chamber of Whenever we may be called upon to fight Commerce Citizen of the Year Award there will be some warning time. Initially, in 1975. The citizens of Hawthorne are our response to either a reinforcement of TRIBUTE TO REESE WALTON NATO or deployment to a contingency area certainly fortunate that Reese is stay­ would be met with active forces now sta­ ing in the city following his retire­ tioned in the United States. Because of the HON.GLENNM.ANDERSON ment, so that they will be able to con­ short warning time, force deployment will OF CALIFORNIA tinue to benefit from his service. be by airlift, with the initial divisions going IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES My wife, Lee, joins me in congratu­ to Europe and drawing from pre-positioned Thursday, May 28, 1981 lating and thanking Reese, along with equipment. If they deploy for actual his wife, Jo, their children, Mary Ann combat, their home station set of equipment e Mr. ANDERSON. Mr. Speaker, in Martin and Betty Walton, and their would be reallocated to Reserve units when August of this year, the city of Haw­ grandchildren, David and Steven.e they are mobilized. thorne, Calif., loses one of its most Presently, most of our forward deployed dedicated public servants, as Haw­ forces have insufficient support structure to VELMA GREEN AND TENNESSEE sustain themselves while fighting a high in­ thorne School Superintendent Reese tensity war. Consequently, Reserve Compo­ Walton retires after 34 years in the VOLUNTEER GIRLS' STATE nent combat service support units must be city's school district. PROGRAM quickly activated and deployed to provide Reese is in a rare position to under­ the necessary wartime sustainment. The Na­ stand the critical importance the HON. WILLIAM HILL BONER tional Guard and Army Reserve are now public school system has in today's so­ OF TENNESSEE more closely involved in national contingen­ ciety, for he ha.Shad experience in all IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES cy planning than ever before. Nearly 60 per­ levels of the educational process, from cent of all Army units scheduled for deploy­ Thursday, May 28, 1981 ment will come from the Reserve Compo­ student to superintendent. After grad­ nents. To further compound the matter, our uating with a B.A. in history from •Mr. BONER of Tennessee. Mr. Navy and Air Force presently have insuffi­ Centenary College in Shreveport, La., Speaker, on Saturday, May 30, the cient assets to support a prolonged ground Reese headed west to teach seventh 35th annual Volunteer Girls' State war in Europe, and recent events in South- and eighth graders at Hawthorne In- program, held under the auspices of May 28, 1981 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 10963 Tennessee's American Legion Auxil­ AID FOR THE STEEL INDUSTRY budget reductions will have on the iary, will convene and will run through New York metropolitan commuter June 5, 1981. Approximately 500 HON. DENNISE. ECKART rail, bus, and subway systems as well young women who are seniors in high OF OHIO as other systems across the country. I schools from across Tennessee will IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES urge my colleagues to consider the gather for the instructional week grave consequences of these budget which will focus on the development Thursday, May 28, 1981 cuts during upcoming deliberations on of a more effective government, the e Mr. ECKART. Mr. Speaker, today the critical mass transit programs. promotion of good citizenship, and the the House is scheduled to consider STATEMENT OF HON. RICHARD L. OTTINGER importance of leadership. The dele­ H.R. 3520, the Steel Industry Compli­ Mr. Chairman, I appreciate this opportu­ gates from all 95 Tennessee counties ance Extension Act. I wholeheartedly nity to submit a statement on the fiscal year are selected on the basis of interest in support this legislation, for I believe 1982 budget for the programs of the Urban government, character, scholarship, that it will provide a much-needed Mass Transportation Administration. boost to our beleaguered steel indus­ 1' represent Westchester County, New leadership, and community participa­ try. York. One-hundred and sixty-six thousand tion. The girls will elect officials on The effect of H.R. 3520 is to free up Westchester residents travel the 224-mile the city, county, and State levels with capital that steel companies would Hudson, Harlem, and New Haven commuter the election of a Girls' State governor rail lines each day. My district is served by otherwise have to spend for pollution the Metropolitan Transportation Authority, as a high point of the week. abatement. These funds can now be the largest public transit system in the Mrs. William Edgar

79-059 0 - 84 - 79 (Part 8) 10974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 28, 1981 tections at the very time that sweat­ and retailers to the regulatory agencies, apparel makers. • afraid to testify. Also, under the law, manu­ creasingly difficult to compete with imports, facturers go scot-free. the fact is most garments sold in this coun­ At the federal level, the four attorneys try are still made domestically and that who work for the solicitor of labor pros­ FREEDOM ecute cases involving the industry. Since Oc­ California's garment business is one of the fastest growing industries in the country, tober 1979. they have obtained court orders expanding at an annual rate of 13.9 precent. HON. JAMES K. COYNE against defendants in 15 of 17 cases heard. The volume of the apparel business in OF PENNSYLVANIA Besides a shortage of investigators, their California increased 120 percent between major complaints stem from the attitudes of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES federal judges who seem unwilling to 1970 and 1977. Within years, the industry here is expected to surpass that of the $13 Thursday, May 28, 1981 impose business sanctions against manufac­ billion New York industry, the largest in the turers. For example, the "hot goods" injunc­ United States, whose annual growth rate is e Mr. JAMES K. COYNE. Mr. Speak­ tion, mandated by law in 1938, has never er, it is indeed my privilege, Mr. been used in California. And today it takes only 8 percent. judges so long to issue temporary restrain­ ORGANIZED CRIME Speaker, to rise today on behalf of a ing orders against the shipment of illegally It is difficult to ascertain to what extent patriotic American, a distinguished made goods going out of state that by the the Mafia has infiltrated the garment indus­ constituent, and an inspired poet­ time an order arrives, the garments have try in California. FBI officials here believe Mrs. Dolores A. Tull of Middletown disappeared. the industry is rife with mob activity, a pat- Township, Pa. 10976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 28, 1981 Mr. Speaker, like every American, It is simply not fair to change the rules President Reagan, of course, has vowed Mrs. Tull was awed by the return of without notice. Our Speaker has promised not to cut benefits of retired persons; they our hostages from Iran several months to do everything in his power to see that were to be regarded as among the "truly these rules are not broken, so that those on needy." That promise has now been inter­ ago. Mrs. Tull was so moved, in fact, the verge of retirement can be assured that preted, in very literal terms, to refer only to that she dedicated a poem to the they will receive their full benefits. those already retired. The disingenuity of return of the hostages and their We express our appreciation to Repre­ classifying today's retirees as "truly needy" legacy. It is a lovely, powerful poem, sentative Jake Pickle and the Democrats on and tomorrow's as not so is self-evident. Mr. Speaker; every American should his Social Security Subcommittee for their Nor are the Reagan arguments for this cherish its words. That is why I am in­ attention to this matter. attack on future retirees very compelling. cluding it into today's RECORD. We will support reasonable and fair ac­ the administration is quick to point out, for tions to protect the solvency of the social se­ FREEDOM example, that life expectancy has increased curity system, but we will not destroy the since 1935. In 1935, a 62-year-old had a life CByD.A.Tull) program or a generation of retirees in the expectancy of 14 years; today it is 16 years. Freedom's habor is anchored in men's souls, process. Hence, today's workers allegedly can post­ Freedom's voice is a living sound, I am happy to see that the Reagan pone retirement for a couple of years with­ Freedom's heart beat is endless, social security reform package has al­ out shortening their retirement. Freedom is not Free. ready come under careful scrutiny by But longer life expectancies are a poten­ Freedom's fire is disciplined by obedience, both the Congress and the American tial source of extended retirement as well as Freedom's way of life is treasured, of additional work. There is no reason to Freedom's price is untold, public, and I recommend the following article for those who desire more in­ deny older persons either option. The Freedom requires: respect, honor and is sub- Reagan proposal, in fact, effectively com­ missive, formation on the issue. The article Freedom is not Free. pels people to overcompensate for increased clearly points out that, while there is a life expectancy and accept shorter retire­ Freedom's blood is noble, crucial need for reforming the social ment. Freedom's enemies are torture, hate and security system, the Reagan proposals The president's benefit cuts are also de­ envy, are needlessly extreme and punishing, Freedom's cost is daily paid, fended on the basis of increased work incen­ Freedom is not Free. and better alternatives exist. tives. Under present law, workers aged 65 and over lost 50 cents in Social Security Freedom is Liberty's grace, [From The Washington Post, May 17, 1981] REAGAN'S SOCIAL SECURITY PLAN: LESS FOR benefits for every dollar they earn above Freedom is spring's waters, $5,500 a year. This 50 percent marginal tax Freedom is restrained by caring love, MORE on earnings, added to normal income and Freedom's will is to live strong with justice, The first thing to be said about Social Se­ Freedom's land is at HOME in AMERICA, payroll taxes, leaves older workers facing curity reform is that it is inevitable. The some of the highest tax rates in the coun­ Freedom is an attribute bestowed by GOD, second thing is that President Reagan's pro­ Freedom is not Free but is freely given.e try. The administration proposes to phase posed Social Security cuts are a serious mis­ out this "earnings limitation," thereby pro­ take-grossly inequitable, larger than neces­ viding greater iilcentives to continued em­ sary and not even consistent with his own REAGAN'S SOCIAL SECURITY "supplyside" economics. ployment. PLAN The most blatant flaw in the proposal is Strangely, its incentives for continued em­ its punitive treatment of future retirees. ployment are not extended to those 62 to The proposal amounts to a whopping 30 64. Under present law, such persons lose 50 HON. ANTHONY TOBY MOFFETT cents in benefits for every dollar earned in OF CONNECTICUT percent benefit cut for those who will retire between ages 62 and 65. That does not mean excess of $4,800 a year. Yet the administra­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES a 30 percent cut merely for three years, but tion has not proposed to end this stringent Thursday, May 28, 1981 for the rest of their lives. earnings limitation. Potential early retirees One reason these early retirees now get confront only the stick, not the carrot. • Mr. MOFFETT. Mr. Speaker, all re­ only 80 percent of "normal" payments is to Even if better incentives were available to sponsible Members of the House of spread the benefits over their longer aver­ those 62 to 64, though, not all of them could Representatives recognize the need for age retirement. The Reagan proposal would work. Job loss, long-term unemployment reforming our Nation's social security slash this to 55 percent, from the current and declining health are also important fac­ system; and, the President should be average of $370 a month to $250. tors in early retirement. These people would congratulated for addressing this very As is now the case, benefits would stay at be left out in the cold by the Administration complicated and difficult issue. How­ this much lower level throughout the retire­ proposal. Whatever the merits of denying a ever, President Reagan's proposed ment years. The accumulated loss to an viable retirement option to people who can average worker retiring at 62 would amount continue working, they don't apply to older changes to the social security system to $23,000 in today's dollars. may be an example of the cure being persons without employment possibilities. Another reason for reduced early retire· The question here is not whether Social worse than the disease. Alternative ment benefits is to discourage early exits Security must be reformed. The Social Se­ cures are available which will keep the from the labor force. This hasn't worked curity Trust Fund will be overwhelmed by social security system solvent without very well; at present, 70 percent of all the coming "senior's boom." This is not a causing the enormous economic people who retire do so between 62 and 65. forecast; it is a demographic certainty. The damage to retirees that would occur if The Reagan proposal could well stem this post-war "baby boom" will start retiring the Reagan proposals were adopted. early retirement tide, as it is intended to do. after the year 2010. By the year 2025 the Few older persons can afford to absorb aged population will be twice as large as it is Last Wednesday, the House Demo­ income losses of the magnitude he is sug­ cratic Caucus adopted the following today. If the Social Security system is to gesting. Even under current standards, 14 survive, either benefits must be reduced or resolution, which I drafted, that ex­ percent of all older persons live in poverty. early retirement trends changed. presses the concerns and guiding prin­ Millions more are kept out of poverty only by Social Security benefits. Many such But the president's proposal, while re­ ciples of those of us who will be work­ sponding to both short-term budget pres­ ing against the Reagan social security people, therefore, would be forced to stay at jobs-if they are still able to hold jobs. sures and long-term Social Security deficits, proposals while trying to construct The inequity of all this is striking. Nobody is not the way to go. The price it exacts is fairer, more reasonable alternatives: else is being asked to take a financial cut of too high in terms of intergenerational in­ Resolved, That President Reagan's pro­ this scope in the name of fiscal austerity. equity, increased hardship among the poor posals regarding social security benefits for Why should those retiring next year get far and insufficient work incentives. workers who retire at age 62 represent an smaller benefits than those retiring this At a minimum, any benefit reductions unconscionable breach of faith with the year? Both groups worked just as long and must be spread more evenly. There is no first generation of workers that had contrib­ paid roughly the same payroll taxes. reason to hold tomorrow's retirees hostage uted to social security for their whole lives. Indeed, future retirees will have paid much to Reagan's campaign promises. There are These proposals would immediately reduce higher taxes than today's retirees because more equitable ways of sharing the budget­ benefits to workers who retire at age 62. of continually rising Social Security tax cutting burden, including across-the-board Many have worked at back·breaking jobs rates. What we end up with is this: The gen­ reductions in Social Security's cost-of-living and have made irreversible plans to retire eration that has paid the highest taxes in adjustment and smaller penalties for early and begin a new phase of their lives. history is left with the lowest benefits. retirement. May 28, 1981 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 10977 Alternative mechanisms for encouraging again on the British Government to tirement age who cannot change their delayed retirement should also be explored. renew its efforts to develop a frame­ plans, like those who are already At a minimum, the earnings limitation work for lasting peace in Northern Ire­ locked into contracts which set a re­ should be lifted for workers 62 to 64 so that they, too, have an incentive to continue land. I also call on our Government to tirement age for them in advance. working. This kind of voluntary, "supply­ work actively toward peaceful resolu­ The proposals to substantially side" approach would certainly be more con­ tion of the critical situation in North­ reduce benefits for early retirees and sistent with the president's economic philos­ ern Ireland.• to encourage workers to delay early re­ ophy than the punitive reforms now pro­ tirement would certainly affect the posed. Finally, the administration and the Con­ SOCIAL SECURITY REFORM majority of workers in my State of gress should consider permanently distin­ Maine. Maine is made up primarily of guishing older workers from actual retirees. blue-collar workers who perform phys­ One-fifth of all "retirement" benefits now HON. OLYMPIA J. SNOWE ically demanding work for below aver­ go to older persons still working. Should OF MAINE age wages. Lobstermen, woodcutters, they really be included on the roster of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES papermill workers, shipbuilders, and Social Security beneficiaries? If we restrict­ Thursday, May 28, 1981 ed retirement benefits to retired persons, people in other popular Maine voca­ there would be no Social Security crisis. • Mrs. SNOWE. Mr. Speaker, we must tions retire earlier than white-collar Older workers could be compensated for now confront one of the most pressing workers, due to the arduous physical their lost benefits with general employment and most difficult issues which the strains of their jobs. The majority of tax credits. This clear separation of workers 97th Congress must face-social secu­ workers in Maine elect early retire­ and retirees would allow us to respond to ment and accept the reduced benefit. the unique needs of each group. We could rity reform. The social security system has contributed substantially to the fi­ There were 168,494 old age and survi­ provide increased incentives for workers vor beneficiaries in Maine as of De­ without sacrificing the economic security of nancial well-being of the Nation's el­ retirees. derly, but there is no doubt it is in cember 31, 1979, and the average Although the president's proposals are peril and it is imperative that we act monthly benefit was $248.20-close to deeply flawed-and poorly timed, because soon to meet the program's short-term the State's SSI benefit. A further re­ they will deflect debate from his broader financing requirements. duction of benefits for early retirees economic program-they do have some We have an immediate problem in would either force these people to merit. Until now, few politicians have been meeting projected benefits in the next work longer and endanger their willing to "take on" Social Security reform. health, or would force them to accept The president's initiatives will embolden 2 years. In 1978, the old age and survi­ Congress to debate this difficult issue. vors insurance of the first beria, not Israel. the FTC-I have a genuine personal section of this Act; In May 1974, Lev was attacked and interest ·in taking the leadership initia­ shall, upon the enactment of this Act, be va­ beaten into unconsciousness by strang­ tive in this important area. And to­ cated and have no force or effect. ers. Later that year, he was arrested in gether with Mr. Lee as a member of SEC. 3. Nothing in this Act shall be con­ a train station, jailed on a pretext, and the relevant Energy and Commerce strued as placing a moratorium upon, or incarcerated in a solitary cell. He is Authorizing Subcommittee, I want to otherwise affecting, the enforcement of any the subject of frequent surveillance encourage my colleagues to join in the cause of action by the Attorney General of and persecution by the KGB, the Sovi­ effort to fully examine the relation­ the United States arising under the Sher­ et's secret police, and has spent a total man Act <15 U.S.C. 1 et seq.) or the Clayton ship between the States, the profes­ Act <15 U.S.C. 12 et seq.) of 160 days behind bars. What is his sions and the FTC. SEc. 4. For purposes of this Act: crime? He wanted to go to Israel. As an interim measure, it seems to <1) The term "Commission" means the Lev Gendin is one example of the me that a moratorium approach Federal Trade Commission. thousands of refuseniks in the Soviet makes sense and should be tried to (2) The term "professions" means organi­ Union, Jews denied permission to give someone other than the regula­ zations, associations, or other categories of leave the country and then penalized professionals. tory bureaucracy the benefit of the (3) The term "professional" means any in­ for even expressing the interest. doubt for a change. I want to stress to dividual engaged in the performance of We must not allow this callous disre­ my colleagues that this bill is simply a work- gard for individual rights and human vehicle for Congress to work its will requiring advanced knowledge in a dignity to · continue in the Soviet and, if enacted, would operate only field of science or learning customarily ac­ Union. We must constantly apply pres­ until Congress reaches a substantive quired by a prolonged course of specialized sure on behalf of Lev Gendin and all determination. In the meantime, more intellectual instruction and study in an in­ the other oppressed refuseniks who stitution of higher learning ; RESERVE lation) and, of course, through private requiring the consistent exercise of actions. discretion and judgment in its performance; which is predominantly intellectual HON. ALBERT GORE, JR. So, Mr. Speaker, I would welcome and varied in character ; and congressional responsibility to clarify which is of such character that the Thursday, May 28, 1981 the FTC's role in this manner. I look output produced or the result accomplished •Mr. GORE. Mr. Speaker, the strate­ forward, in fact, to the opportunity to by such work cannot be standardized in re­ gic petroleum reserve is a vital nation­ assist in fashioning that clarification lation to a given period of time. al security asset. Unfortunately, Con­ once a moratorium is in place and we <4> The term "State regulated profession" means any profession which is subject to gress and the administration have can move ahead unencumbered by the any licensure, certification, or regulation by dropped SPR into a budgetary quag­ emotions which have accompanied a State. mire that threatens to seriously this issue previously. If that can SEc. 5. Provisions of this Act shall take damage the program. The Senate be­ happen, then this bill will have served effect on the date of enactment of this lieves it has found a way out by enact­ an extremely worthwhile purpose. Act.e ing an off-budget approach that is Mr. Speaker, for the convenience of nearly identical to current SPR fund­ my colleagues I am inserting the text LEV GENDIN-REFUSENIK ing. The difference is that the SPR ac­ of this proposal in the RECORD follow­ count would be disguised off budget. It ing my remarks. HON. E. CLAY SHAW, JR. is a sleight-of-hand approach that mis­ H.R.- represents the amount of total Federal OF FLORIDA spending. A BILL To place a moratorium on activity IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES of the Federal Trade Commission with re­ This view was recently buttressed in spect to certain professions and profes­ Thursday, May 28, 1981 two distinguished journals in an arti­ sional associations until the Congress ex­ e Mr. SHAW. Mr. Speaker, a man cle for U.S. News & World Report by pressly authorizes such activity named Lev Gendin turned 40 last week Marvin Stone and in the Oil and Gas Be it enacted by the Senate and House of in a country he has been trying to Journal. I commend these articles to Representatives of the United States of depart for the last decade-the Soviet the attention of my colleagues: America in Congress assembled, That Union. Lev lives, as best he can, in [From U.S. News & World Report, June l, the Federal Trade Commission shall not in­ 1981) vestigate, issue any order concerning, pre­ Moscow, but his wife, Aviva, lives in scribe any rule or regulation with respect to, Israel. She fled the Soviet Union in $3 BILLION WELL SPENT or take any other action against any State 1972, 4 months after they were mar­ the Commission has jurisdictional au­ the objectionable grounds that he had cutoff is very real, especially if the tension thority with respect to professions; and applied for permission to emigrate to now building between Israel and Syria flares <2> the authority of the Commission pre­ into a new Mideast war. empts the authority of States to regulate Israel. From then on, Lev has not been Despite compelling reasons, neither Con­ professions. able to find work in his area of exper­ gress nor the White House seems willing to SEC. 2. Any decision, finding, or other ad­ tise, engineering, but has found em­ spend the 3 billion dollars needed to pur­ ministrative action made or taken by the ployment only in menial jobs. He has chase oil for the reserve in 1982. Unless the Commission which- continued to apply for permission to nation's leaders show more resolve, the oil- 10980 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 28, 1981 stockpiling program-already lagging energy policy enthusiastically endorsed by relatively little of the WPT proceeds for badly- will fall further behind schedule. both political parties, conservatives and lib­ synfuels development. The administration The idea of a Strategic Petroleum Reserve erals, all segments of the petroleum indus­ wants the SPR filled but is waffling on how grew out of the 1973-74 Arab oil embargo try, and the public. to fund it-declining so far to take a posi­ that forced American motorists to line up "But despite all this support, the program tion in committee hearings. The funding for gasoline and left the U.S. economy in is bogging down and the fill rate threatens should be from WPT revenues, and this shambles. In 1975, President Ford asked to dwindle to a trickle if not to zero. The should be nailed down quickly. Congress to approve a billion-barrel stock­ SPR is in dire danger of a crippling blow "Crude prices are soft, OPEC resistance to pile, enough oil to replace the nation's from budget-cutting axes wielded by Con­ a U.S. SPR is evaporating, and no one import needs for 90 days. The first 500 mil­ gress and the administration. knows when the next world crude crisis lion barrels were to be stored by 1982. "Both the Senate and the House appear might come. It's time to get off dead­ So far, only 135 million barrels have been set either on chopping appropriations for center."e stored in salt-dome caverns along the Louisi­ the SPR to · a sadly inadequate level or ana-Texas coast. That would be about a adopting one of many schemes for private month's supply if all imports were halted. or federal off-budget financing. SUPPORT FOR PAYMENT-IN-LIEU The delays have been blamed on oil short­ "There are lots of good reasons why OF TAXES PROGRAM ages, bureaucratic mismanagement and op­ direct, on-budget funding of SPR oil pur­ position from foreign oil producers. chases should continue-even though it Perhaps the most important reason, how­ might make the worthy and difficult HON. ELDON RUDD ever, is the escalating cost of oil. The price budget-cutting efforts still tougher. Fore­ OF ARIZONA of a 42-gallon barrel of oil has risen from most is that the SPR is vital to U.S. defense IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES $10.38 in 1975 to around $36 today. In 1975, and national security. That is why it was a billion-barrel reserve was estimated to cost created. We have no quarrel with those who Thursday, May 28, 1981 6 billion dollars. Now, the estimate is 47 bil­ contend that the existence of an adequate • Mr. RUDD. Mr. Speaker, when this lion dollars for a scaled-down reserve of strategic reserve of oil would contribute 750,000 barrels. more to U.S. security and defense posture body recently passed legislation President Reagan, attempting to keep a than some of the costly military items amending appropriations for the bal­ campaign promise to build up the reserve, which will be funded in the budget. And ance of fiscal year 1981, $108 million asked for 3.9 billion dollars for the program there's no question that U.S. diplomatic and were rescinded from the payment-in­ in 1982. That would have enabled the gov­ political independence would be enhanced lieu of taxes program. The full House ernment to buy about 230,000 barrels a day. in dealings with producing countries which did not have the opportunity to debate However, under pressure to trim federal will be supplying U.S. oil imports. this matter which will substantially spending and move toward a balanced "Off-budget financing schemes, on the affect counties deprived of a property budget, both the House and Senate have other hand, tend to mask the value and the voted to reduce appropriations for the re­ costs of any given program. They would dis­ tax base by Federal lands. In my State serve by 3 billion dollars next year on the guise-but not reduce-the costs to the of Arizona, where more than 70 per­ assumption that members will agree on country. They would tend to add to regula­ cent of the land is federally owned, some other financing method. tory complexity while undermining econom­ many counties will be financially dev­ There is a wide variety of alternate plans ic and market efficiency. And finally they astated by this rescission because now floating around on Capitol Hil. would tend to uncouple the important con­ these funds have already been budg­ The Senate Energy Committee has voted nections between government control and to borrow the money by selling government eted for this year. government responsibility. I wish to share with my colleagues bonds, a bookkeeping gimmick that would "And then there are the proposals in Con­ not show up in the regular budget. gress that the SPR be funded in some way the resolutions of the Pinal County Senator Nancy Kassebaum CR-Kans.) by the private sector-in this case, the oil Board of Supervisors in support of the wants to force major oil importers to con­ industry. That's about like asking the steel program, and urge the House confer­ tribute five days' worth of imports each industry to finance the military's tank-pro­ ees to restore the funds and fulfull the year to the reserve in exchange for a 10 per­ duction program or the electronics industry commitment which the Federal Gov­ cent fee. to fund U.S. space ventures. And it ignores Representative Phil Gramm CD-Tex.) has ernment has made to these local gov­ the staggering contribution the oil industry ernments. introduced legislation that would allow the already is making to the U.S. Treasury. . government to sell "oil bonds" to private in­ "One of these proposals, a bill introduced A RESOLUTION IN SUPPORT OF PAYMENTS-IN­ vestors. Each bond would be worth the price by Sen. Nancy Kassebaum CR-Kan.), veils LIEU OF TAXES ENTITLEMENT LEGISLATION of a barrel of oil and could be redeemed at its impact on the industry with a proviso for Whereas a payments-in-lieu of taxes pro­ the end of 10 years or during an emergency 'paying back' firms contributing to the re­ gram, to recognize the tax immunity of Fed­ at the then-prevailing price of oil. serve. eral lands, has been recommended by the Another scheme would allow the govern­ "Her proposal would require importers of Public Land Law Review Commission, the ment to borrow the 3 billion dollars from 75,000 b/d or more of crude to contribute oil Advisory Commission on Intergovernmental the 17 billion earmarked for the new U.S. to the reserve at the annual rate of five Relations and the National Association of Synthetic Fuels Corporation. times their daily average imports. The gov­ Counties; and Although both Treasury Secretary ernment would pay these firms 10% a year Whereas the Congress has stated its in­ Donald Regan and Budget Director David for 11 years for the contributed oil or until tention to make payments-in-lieu of taxes as Stockman have testified that a straightfor­ the oil were withdrawn. This proposal has a policy in the Federal Land Planning and ward appropriation would be the best way been flayed by oilmen as discriminating Management Act of 1976; and to fund the reserve, the White House· has against large importers, confiscatory, and as Whereas the Congress enacted Public Law remained strangely silent. Without leader­ a means of forcing some companies to make 94-565 to provide a fair and equitable for­ ship from President Reagan, there is a real interest-free loans to the government. mula for payments-in-lieu of taxes after danger that Congress will not be able to "Union Oil Co. of California correctly de­ thorough study and hearings; and reach agreement on a plan for financing the duces that the Kassebaum bill would pro­ Whereas rescissions and appropriation reserve. vide incentives to evade and would foster in­ cuts that have been proposed or enacted vir­ It may take a certain amount of political efficiency. If it became law, Union says, the tually every year have jeopardized the ef­ courage to spend 3 billion dollars on oil that government could expect a 'proliferation of fectiveness of this important program, with may never be needed at a time when pro­ 74,000 b/d broker/importers' who would the effect that the Federal Government is grams such a Social Security, school lunches suddenly get rich. not fully honoring its property tax commit­ and prenatal care are facing sharp cuts. But "Union contends with much logic that ment as other landowners must; and the consequences could be much worse-for payment for the SPR fill should come from Whereas sufficient funds are available the administration and Congress- if an­ general fund revenues provided by the so­ from royalties and revenues derived from other catastrophic oil shortage ever sends called windfall profits tax on crude oil. Con­ the tax exempt public lands to provide A;mericans back to the gasoline lines. gress bought the WPT in part on grounds it secure funding for the payments-in-lieu of would provide greater energy security, taxes program: Now, therefore, be it [From Oil and Gas Journal, May 11, 1981] paying both for development of synfuels Resolved, That the Pinal County Board of GET SPR OFF DEAD CENTER and the SPR. The Reagan administration, Supervisors, Florence, Arizona, in Regular "The U.S. Strategic Petroleum Reserve convinced that huge block grants isn't the Continued Session, this 18th day of May, appears to be the only element of national way to go on synfuels·Cwe agree), will spend 1981, supports legislation to provide pay- May 28, 1981 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 10981 ments-in-lieu of taxes funding as an entitle­ [From the Wall Street Journal, May 22, is the best job I've ever had." A trip to Min­ ment program utilizing mineral leasing roy­ 1981] neapolis-St. Paul convinced him and his alties and revenues derived from the public MANAGERS FIND MOVE TO CITIES HARD To wife that Spencer is a better place to raise lands; and be it further TAKE their three sons. "I know they have good Resolved, That the National Association