Mathi∫on Women of Mathematics

Alexandra Bellow: Konrad Jacobs, CC-BY-SA 2.0 Mary Cartwright: Anitha Maria S, CC-BY-SA 4.0 Fan Chung: Cheryl Graham CC-BY 3.0 Ingrid Daubechies: imago images / Belga 1815 – 1852 1882 – 1935 1902 – 1997 1917 – 1996 1923 – 2017 born 1954 Vivienne Malone-Mayes: Unknown Author, CC-BY-SA 2.0 UK Germany USA UK Canada Belgium Cathleen Morawetz: New York University Kathleen Ollerenshaw: Billlion, CC-BY-SA 3.0 Karen Uhlenbeck: Andrea Kane, Princeton, CC-BY 2.0 Maryna Vazovska: Petra Lein, CC-BY-SA 2.0 Ada Lovelace Emmy Noether Mina Rees Joan Clarke Cathleen Morawetz Ingrid Daubechies Joséphine Guidy Wandja: Maëlle Guidy, CC-BY-SA 2.0 Marjorie Lee Browne, Joan Clarke, Mina Rees, Alicia Boole Stott: Fair Use wrote one of the first computer discovered the that the was the first female was one of the cryptanalyst studied the partial differen- studied different types of Nira Bari, Olga Ladyzhenskaya: Unknown Author, CC-BY-SA 4.0 programs in history: an symmetries of space-time president of the American working at Bletchley Park tial equations that describe wavelets, which are now an algorithm to calculate are related to conservation Association for the during the Second World the motion of fluids. She was essential part of image © Mathigon, all rights reserved Bernoulli numbers. She also laws in physics, and can be Advancement of Science. War, to decrypt the German the first female applied compression formats like worked with Charles Babbage used to derive the most She also received 18 Enigma code. She received mathematician in the National JPEG. She was the first on the Analytical Engine. fundamental laws of nature. honorary doctorates! an MBE for this work. Academy of Sciences. female president of the IMU.

1776 – 1831 1850 – 1891 1900 – 1998 1912 – 2014 1919 – 1985 1932 – 1995 born 1942 1977 – 2017 France Russia UK UK USA USA USA Iran

Sophie Germain Sofia Kovalevskaya Mary Cartwright Kathleen Ollerenshaw Julia Robinson Vivienne Malone-Mayes Karen Uhlenbeck Maryam Mirzakhani won the grand prize from worked on analysis, partial studied differential equations was both a mathematician worked on computability studied functional analysis, is one of the world’s leading is the first and only woman the Paris Academy for her differential equations, and and pioneered a field that and a politician. She studied theory and decision non-linear operators and experts on partial differential to receive a Fields medal. work about elastic surfaces. mechanics. She was the first would later be known as “most-perfect pandiagonal problems. She helped solve differential equations. She equations, and recipient of She worked on dynamical She also made considerable female editor of a scientific Chaos theory. She discovered magic squares”, president of Hilbert’s 10th problem about also developed new the Abel prize. Her work had systems and geometry, and progress in trying to solve journal, and the first woman the first examples of the the IMA, and an amateur Diophantine equations, and methods for teaching a pivotal impact on topics was fascinated by the Fermat’s Last Theorem. with a doctorate in maths. “butterfly effect”. astronomer. was president of the AMS. mathematics. like mathematical physics. beauty of mathematics.

1718 – 1799 1780 – 1872 1860 – 1940 1901 – 1961 1914 – 1979 1922 – 2004 born 1935 born 1949 Italy Scotland Irish Russia USA Russia Romania Taiwan

Maria Agnesi Mary Sommerville Alicia Boole Stott Nina Bari Marjorie Lee Browne Olga Ladyzhenskaya Alexandra Bellow Fan Chung was the first female maths was called the “Queen of had an impressive grasp of was the first female was the third African- American studied partial differential studied ergodic theory, studies graph theory, discrete professor at a university, Science” in her obituary. She four-dimensional geometry mathematician accepted at women to receive a PhD in equations, fluid dynamics, probability, number theory geometry, combinatorics and wrote a popular textbook first suggested the existence from a young age, and the Moscow State mathematics. She studied and the Navier-Stokes and analysis – especially and networks. She worked at about calculus. One of the of Neptune and was an coined the term “polytrope” University. She studied Groups and Topology, and equations. Thoughrout her “lifting theory”. She is an Bell Labs and the University functions she studied is now excellent writer and for a multi-dimensional trigonometric series and promoted further education life, she published more Emerius Professor at of Pennsylvania and has an called the “Witch of Agnesi”. communicator of science. convex solid. primitive functions. for secondary teachers. than 200 scientific works. Northwestern University. Erdős number of 1.

c. 360 – 415 1768 – 1797 1820 – 1910 1890 – 1980 1906 – 1992 1918 – 2020 1933 – 2011 born 1945 born 1984 Roman Empire China UK USA USA USA USA Ivory Coast Ukraine

Hypatia Wang Zhenyi Florence Nightingale Euphemia Haynes Grace Hopper Katherine Johnson Annie Easley Joséphine Guidy Wandja Maryna Viazovska taught at the library of studied many scientific used statistics to evaluate was the first African-American was a pioneer of computer worked at NASA, where she was a computer scientist is the first African woman solved the sphere-packing Alexandria, and wrote subjects, despite laws different medical treatments. woman to earn a PhD in science – as well as a US helped calculate the orbital and rocket scientist at with a PhD in mathematics. problem in 8 and 24 commentaries on many preventing women from She created some of the first mathematics. She chaired Navy admiral. She invented trajectories and launch NASA. She wrote software She is the president of the dimensions. She has received scientific books. She also receiving higher education. “infographics” and helped the Washington DC board of programming languages like windows for the Mercury, for the Centaur rocket stage International Committee on numerous awards, including constructed astrolabes She wrote about topics in promote new careers for education and helped train COBOL which are still being Apollo and Space Shuttle and studied batteries and Mathematics in Developing the New Horizons Prize and and hydrometers. astronomy and trigonometry. women. many other teachers. used today. missions. renewable energy sources. Countries. the Clay Research Award.

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