Course Title: Modernization, Globalization, and Post-Globalization
Instructor: Yahya Sadowski.
Number of credits: 2.
Teaching Format: 2-3 introductory lectures followed by 9 seminar discussions.
Semester: Spring 2015.
Class Times: Mondays 11:00-12:40 and Thursdays 13:30-15:10 in Room 226 (Oktober 6 Bldg.)
Office Hours: Mondays 12:40-13:40 or by appointment. . Course Status: Elective.
Course Summary
The growing call for global public policy is predicated on the notion that globalization and similar trends are creating both problems and institutions with which nation-states can no longer cope. This begs a number of questions:
1. Is globalization still continuing, or has it lagged since the 2009 recession? 2. What are the primary effects of globalization? 3. Does everyone want globalization? 4. Are certain societies more resistant to globalization than others? 5. If the force of globalization varies from country to country, does that mean that policy projects such as democratization, economic liberalization, and cultural secularization should vary from country to country?
In this course we will try to develop answers to these questions by looking at detailed case materials taken from Muslim societies. Countries where Islam dominates are interesting because many claim that they are especially resistant to globalization.
Learning Objectives The main objective of this course is to sensitize students to the complex linkages between the theories that structure international dialogues, the less familiar “on the ground” realities in particular countries, and the complex task of designing effective public policies. Through this process, students should become
• Familiar with different theories about modernization, globalization, and post- globalization. • Exposed to detailed analyses of local conditions in Muslim countries that complicate globalizing processes. • Aware of how implementing concrete policy programs can run aground because of either flawed theory or inadequate local expertise. 1 • Appreciative of the creativity of local responses to global developments, even if they look reactionary or counter-productive. • Skillful at presenting unfamiliar ideas to Muslims who may have reasons to be suspicious of them.
Grading
CEU uses a system of letter grades and grade points for evaluation:
A 3.68 – 4.00 A- 3.34 – 3.67 B+ 3.01 – 3.33 B 2.68 – 3.00 B- 2.34 – 2.67 C+ 2.33 (minimum pass).
Grading1
The assessments employed will vary depending upon the number of students who enroll in the class. If five or fewer students enroll, grades will be based upon a combination of class participation, class presentations, and a final research paper.
If six or more enroll it may be possible to organize a series of regular debates about the issues discussed each week. This would take the place of class presentations.
The cumulative grade for the class will be based upon the following formula:
Single-page reading notes 25% Participation and class debates 30% Final essay 35% 100% Reading Notes Each week we will be reading 50-100 pages of material, usually from online articles available on the course’s Moodle page.
Each week, at the beginning of class, students are to submit a single-page set of bullet points gleaned from that week’s reading assignments. These notes: • Must begin with full identification: student’s name, instructor’s name, date of class • Students should comment independently upon each of the readings for the preceding week • Comments should take the form of either a series of bullet points which identify either a) original insights laid out in the readings, or b) student criticisms of the author’s main points.
Class Debates
After a few of weeks of introductory lectures, the format of the class will shift to one of systematic in-class debates. Debates force us to get serious about the subject, to think
1 This course makes no pretense of doing “assessments,” which are primarily of interest to prospective employers and those who debate educational policy. Rather, students will be assigned grades, which will tell them how well they are performing and stimulate them to do their best. 2 critically about both the arguments and the facts. They develop techniques of persuasion that are critical to all aspects of professional life. We will experiment with several different debate formats: collective, individual, etc. until we discover one that works for us.
This will not be quite as formal as the exercises conducted in “debating societies,” but the process will be disciplined, carefully timed, and regularly graded. Extra-credit will be awarded to those who work materials from the assigned readings into their arguments. The highest scores will go to those who make their arguments quickly, logically, and precisely.
For those who lack experience in debating, the following texts may prove particularly useful:
• Jay Heinrichs, Thank You for Arguing: What Aristotle, Lincoln, and Homer Siompson Can Teach US about the Art of Persuasion, revised and updated edition (2013). • Anthony Weston, A Rulebook for Arguments, fourth edition (2008). • Richard Edwards, Competitive Debate: The Official Guide (2008).
Final Essay
At the end of the course, students will have an opportunity to synthesize what they have learned by writing a critique of a “classic” article about globalization. This critique should be no less than five-pages long. It must footnote all substantive claims and references to written works. It should not waste time with courtesies but should immediately begin to: 1. Outline the argument of the article being criticized. 2. Identify the major and minor weaknesses of the author’s argument. 3. Use rigorous logic and carefully checked facts to deliver the coup de grace. 4. Spell out the implications of the critique for the wider debate that is at stake—esp. its policy implications.
Some of the best articles that might be used include:
1. Francis Fukuyama,”The End of History?” The National Interest, 16:4 (1989): . 2. Arjun Appadurai, “Disjuncture and Difference in the Global Cultural Economy,” Public Culture, 2:2 (Spring 1990): 1-24. 3. Charles Krauthammer, “The Unipolar Moment,” Foreign Affairs, 70:1 (1990/91): 23-33. 4. Benjamin Barber, “Jihad vs. McWorld,” The Atlantic, 269:3 (March 1992): 53-65. 5. Samuel Huntington, “The Clash of Civilizations?” Foreign Affairs, 72:3 (Summer 1993): 22-49. 6. Peter L. Berger, “Four Faces of Global Culture,” The National Interest, No. 49 (Fall 1997): 1-5 7. Kenichi Ohmae, “The End of the Nation State,” Economic Development and Cultural Change, 46:1 (October 1997): 210-213 8. Peter Evans, “Fighting Marginalization with Transnational Networks: Counter- Hegemonic Mobilization,” Contemporary Sociology, 29:1 (January 2000): 230- 241. 9. Tim Duvall, “The New Feudalism: Globalization, the Market, and the Great Chain of Consumption,” New Political Science, 25:1 (2003): 81-97 3 10. Dani Rodrik, “How to Save Globalization from Its Cheerleaders,” (July 2007), 37 pages.
Writing Requirements Writing policy analysis demands a different writing style from that used among academics. Policy documents need to be readable for politicians, businessmen, and members of the educated public. Policy writing must therefore be lucid, logical and to the point.
Elegant examples of this type of writing can be found in British business journalism, particularly in The Economist (weekly) and The Financial Times (daily). The best single text for studying this writing style is The Economist Style Guide, available bookstores or online at http://www.economist.com/styleguide/introduction
The following webpages provide examples and instructions about how to write policy briefs in particular: - http://www.cpa.ie/publications/HowTo_DoPolicyAnalysis_2006.pdf - http://www.csulb.edu/~msaintg/ppa670/670steps.htm - http://www.rff.org/RFF/Documents/RFF-IB-09-11.pdf - http://www.rhsupplies.org/fileadmin/user_upload/toolkit/B_Advocacy_for_RHS/Gu idelines_for_Writing_a_Policy_Bri ef.pdf - http://www.un.org/en/development/desa/policy/publications/policy_briefs/policybri ef24.pdf
Plagiarism
Plagiarism (failing to credit a colleague for their work) will result in serious consequences, e.g. the grade of zero on an assignment, loss of credit with a notation on the transcript, and/or suspension or expulsion from the university. See www.plagiarism.org.
Cell Phones, Tardiness, and Absences
Unexcused absences will be counted against the “class participation” grade.
Students who are regularly tardy (i.e., who arrive at class more than 5 minutes late) will receive a reduction in their “class participation” grade.
Using cell phones during class disrupts the work of other students. Anyone using a cellphone during a class session will be counted as “absent without an excuse” for that day and will be asked to leave.
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Reading List
IMPORTANT NOTICE: Originally this course was designed on the assumption that students would read all of the required readings. However, the bizarre SPP scheduling for the spring semester means that there are only three days between class sessions (rather than a week). As a result, the reading requirements have been altered to the following: • All students will read at least two articles from the assignments for each session, and submit notes on the same. • Those students who are debating the topic of a particular session are expected to do all of the readings for that session, plus others than they uncover via research.
Learning to read quickly and in volume is one of the key skills in the information age. If you need help, consult MIT’s “Guide to Reading Social Science,” available online at http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/sloan-school-of-management/15-031j-energy-decisions- markets-and-policies-spring-2012/Syllabus/MIT15_031JS12_read_guide.pdf
Revisions and Substitutions Currently this course is very “text focused,” as most academic classes are. However, I am very happy to experiment with other forms if students are interested. For example, there are a large number of films and videos and novels covering which deal with how Muslims have responded to globalization.
If students would like to add films or movies to the syllabus, I am very amenable. And, of course, if students would like to propose alternative readings to those currently assigned, I am open to that.
Part One: An Overview of the Issues
1. Why Globalization Matters Students and the instructor will introduce each other, survey the issues to be discussed, assess their importance, and then discuss an outline of the class’s objectives and mechanics.
Core Reading There are no “official” assigned readings for the first week. But if you have a chance to do some reading before the class begins, look at the “Special Report” in The Economist, (October 10, 2013), “The World Economy 2013: The Gated Globe.”
Recommended Readings: Journals about Globalization (and a few about Islam)
Antipode Diaspora: A Journal of Transnational Anthropological Quarterly Studies Central Asian Survey Digest of Middle East Studies Comparative Islamic Studies The Economist Critical Review Ethnopolitics Critique: Critical Middle Eastern Studies Frontiers of Globalization Research Democratization Foreign Policy Demokratizatsiya Global Crime Global Economic Review 5 Global Finance Journal of Civil Society Global Financial Stability Report Journal of Democracy Global Journal of Emerging Market Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies Economies Journal of Global Competitiveness Global Governance Journal of Globalization and Global Networks: A Journal of Development Transnational Affairs Journal of Middle East Women’s Studies Global Policy Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs Global Social Policy The Muslim World Global Society Journal of World Systems Analysis Global South Mediterranean Politics Global Studies Journal Middle East Critique The Globalist Middle East Report Globality Studies Journal: History, Mobilization Society, Civilization Nations and Nationalism Globalizations New Global Studies Guardian New Perspectives Quarterly Harvard Business Review Sojourn Harvard International Review Yale Global Online Human Development Report (annual) World Economic Forum (esp. annual Identities: Global Studies in Culture and Global Risks and Global Agenda Power reports) Indonesia and the Malay World World Development Report (annual) The International Economy World Economics International Migration Review World Politics International Organization Islam and Christian-Muslim Relations Itinerario
2. The Practice of Globalization
Core Reading
• Amaney Jamal and Helen Milner, “Economic and Social Sources of Preferences for Globalization in Egypt,” a paper prepared for the August 2013 convention of the American Political Science Association (2013). • Julia Elyachar, “Empowerment Money: The World Bank, Non-Governmental Organizations, and the Value of Culture in Egypt,” Public Culture, 14:3 (2002): 493- 513. • Clement M. Henry, “The Clash of Globalizations in the Middle East,” in Louise Fawcett, International Relations of the Middle East, second edition (2008), pp. 105- 128. • Robert Looney, “The Arab World’s Uncomfortable Experience with Globalization,” Middle East Journal, 61:2 (Spring 2007): 341-345.
3. Theories of Globalization
Core Reading
6 • Dale F. Eickelman,” Inside the Islamic Reformation,” The Wilson Quarterly, 22:1 (Winter 1998): 80-89. • Francis Fukuyama,”The End of History?” The National Interest, 16:4 (1989). • Samuel Huntington, “The Clash of Civilizations?” Foreign Affairs, 72:3 (Summer 1993): 22-49. • Nikki Keddie, “The Revolt of Islam, 1700 to 1993: Comparative Considerations and Relations to Imperialism,” Comparative Studies in Society and History, 36:3 (July 1994): 463-487.
4. Can “Traditional” Cultures Innovate?
Core Reading
• Ernest Gellner, "Post-traditional forms in Islam: The turf and trade, and votes and peanuts." Daedalus (1973): 191-206. • Galina Gluschenko, “Hawala: A Vestige of the Past in the Service of Globalization,” Russian Politics & Law, 43.5 (2005): 28-44. • Calvert Jones, “Al-Qaeda’s Innovative Improvisers: Learning in a Diffuse Transnational Network,” Cambridge Review of International Affairs, 19:4 (2006): 555- 569. • Ziya Onis, “Conservative Globalists Versus Defensive Nationalists: Political Parties and Paradoxes of Europeanization in Turkey,” Journal of Southern Europe and the Balkans, 9:3 (2007): 247-261. Russian Politics and Law, 43:5 (2005): 28-44.
5. Will Globalization Foster Capitalism in Islamic Societies?
Core Reading
• Melani Cammett, “Fat Cats and Self-Made Men: Globalization and the Paradoxes of Collective Action,” Comparative Politics, 37:4 (July 2005): 379-400. • Shana Cohen, “Alienation and Globalization in Morocco: Addressing the Social and Political Impact of Market Integration,” Comparative Studies in Society and History, 45:1 (January 2003): 168-189. • Evren Hosgor, “Islamic Capital/Anatolian Tigers: Past and Present,” Middle Eastern Studies, 47:2 (2011): 343-360. • Vali Nasr, “The Rise of ‘Muslim Democracy’,” Journal of Democracy, 16:2 (April 2005): 13-27.
6. Can Muslim Societies Resist the Globalization of Consumerism?
Core Reading
• Mona Abaza, “ Shopping Malls, Consumer Culture and the Reshaping of Public Space in Egypt,” Theory, Culture & Society, 18:5 (2001): 97-122. • Nabil Echchaibi, “Hyper-Islamism?: Mediating Islam from the Halal Website to the Islamic Talk Show,” Journal of Arab and Muslim Media Research, 1:3 (2008): 199- 214. 7 • Banu Gokariksel and Anna Secor, “New Transnational Geographies of Islamism, Capitalism and Subjectivity: the Veiling Fashion Industry in Turkey,” Area, 41:1 (2009): 6-118. • Daromir Rudnyckyj, “From Wall Street to Halal Street: Malaysia and the Globalization of Islamic Finance,” Journal of Asian Studies, 72:4 (Summer 2013): 831-848. • Ozlem Sandikci and Sahver Omeraki, “Globalization and Rituals: Does Ramadan Turn into Christmas?” Advances in Consumer Research, 34 (2007): 610-615. • Jean-Francois Werner, “How Women Are Using Television to Domesticate Globalization: A Case Study of the Reception and Consumption of Telenovellas in Senegal,” Visual Anthropology, 19 (2006): 443-472.
7. Can Muslim Cultures Resist the Globalization of Democracy?
Core Reading
• Eva Bellin, "Contingent Democrats: Industrialists, Labor and Democratization in Late- Developing Countries," World Politics, 52 (January 2000), 175-205 • Michael Herb, "No Representation Without Taxation?" Comparative Politics, April 2005, pp. 297-316. • Ahmet T. Kuru, “Globalization and Diversification of Islamic Movements: Three Turkish Cases,” Political Science Quarterly, 120:2 (Summer 2005): 253-274. • Arno Tausch, “Further Insight into Global and Arab Muslim Opinion: Structures: Statistical Reflections on the 2013 PEW Report “The World’s Muslims’,” Middle East Review of International Affairs, 18:1 (Spring 2014): 8-24.
8. Will Globalization Foster Civil Society in Islamic Cultures?
Core Reading
• Charity Butcher, “Can Oil-Reliant Countries Democratize?: An Assessment of the Role of Civil Society in Algeria,” Democratization, 21:4 (2014): 722-742. • Dale Eickelman and Armando Salvatore, “The Public Sphere and Muslim Identities,” European Journal of Sociology, 43:1 (April 2002): 92-115. • Mark Levine, “Chaos, Globalization, and the Public Sphere: Political Struggle in Iraq and Palestine,” The Middle East Journal, 60:3 (Summer 2006): 467-492. • Sami Zemni and Koenraad Bogaert, “Morocco and the Mirages of Democracy and Good Governance,” UNISCI Discussion Papers, no. 12 (October 2006): 103-120.
9. Will Globalization Fuel or Retard Muslim Violence?
Core Reading
• Steven Fish et al., “Islam and Large-Scale Political Violence: Is There a Connection?,” Comparative Political Studies 43:11 (2010): 1327-1362. • John Heathershaw, “Tajikstan amidst Globalization: State Failure or State Transformation?,” Central Asian Survey, 30:1 (2011): 147-168.
8 • Hegghammer, Thomas. "The Rise of Muslim Foreign Fighters: Islam and the Globalization of Jihad," International Security, 35:3 (Winter 2010/2011): 53-94. • Yassin Musharbash, “Al-Qaida Kills Eight Times More Muslims than Non-Muslims,” Der Spiegel (December 3, 2009). • Takaki Keiko, “Ecumenism and Transnational Movement in Islam: Peace-Building Activities of the Sufi Tariqa al-Alawiyya,” The Journal of Sophia Asian Studies, 30 (2012): 89-104.
10. Will Globalization Liberate Muslim Women?
Core Reading
• Roksana Bahramitash and Shala Kazempour, “Myths and realities of the Impact of Islam on Women: Changing Marital Status in Iran,” Critique: Critical Middle Eastern Studies, 15:2 (Summer 2006): 111-128. • Suzanne Brenner, “Private Moralities in the Public Sphere: Democratization, Islam, and Gender in Indonesia,” American Anthropologist, 113:3 (2011): 478-490. • Daniela Donno and Bruce Russet, “Islam, Authoritarianism, and Female Empowerment: What Are the Linkages?” World Politics, 56:4 (July 2004): 582-607. • Nadine Sieveking, “’We Don’t Want Equality: We Want to Be Given Our Rights,’ Muslim Women Negotiating Global Development Concepts in Senegal,” Africa Spectrum, 42:1 (2007): 29-48.
11. How Do Transnational Islamic Networks Reflect Globalization?
Core Reading: Read the first article by Munster, and then any other
• Anna Munster, “Transnational Islamic Movements,” Transformation, 30::2 (2013): 117-127.
• Bayram Balci, “The Rise of the Jama’at al-Tabligh in Kyrgyzstan: The Revival of Islamic Ties between the Indian Subcontinent and Central Asia?,” Central Asian Survey, 31:1 (March 2012): 61-76. • Victoria Clement. "Turkmenistan’s new challenges: Can stability co-exist with reform? A study of Gülen schools in Central Asia, 1997-2007." International conference proceedings Muslim world in transition: Contribution of the Gülen movement. (2007), pp. 572-584. • Bettina Graf, “Sheikh Yusuf al-Qaradawi in Cyberspace,” Die Welt des Islams, 47:3/4 (2007): 403-421. • Joshua D. Hendrick, “Globalization, Islamic Activism and Passive Revolution in Turkey: The Case of Fethullah Gulen,“ Journal of Power, 2:3 (2009): 343-368. • Peter Mandaville, “Transnational Muslim Solidarities in Everyday Life,” Nations and Nationalism, 17:1 (2011): 7-24.
12. Can the Muslims Create Alternative Globalities?
Core Reading
9 • Peter Evans, “Is an Alternative Globalization Possible?” UCLA Institute for Research on Labor and Employment, Working Paper 2009-03 (2008) • Ronald Inglehart, “Globalization and Post-Modern Values,” The Washington Quarterly 23:1 (Winter 2000): 215-228. • Timothy Mitchell, “McJihad: Islam in the U.S. Global Order,” Social Text, 20:4 (Winter 2002): 1-18. • Dietrich Reetz and Berlin Zmo, “Alternate Globalities?: On the Cultures and Formats of Transnational Muslim Networks in South Asia,” Translocality: The Study of Globalising Processes From a Southern Perspective (2010): (2013): 293-334.
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