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PERSOONIA Published by the Rijksherbarium, Leiden Volume Part 427-534 10, 4, pp. (1980) Entolomasubgenus Nolanea in the Netherlands and adjacent regions with a reconnaissance of its remaining taxa in Europe M.E. Noordeloos Rijksherbarium, Leiden (With 49 Text-figures) Entoloma subgenus Nolanea (emend. Romagnesi 1978) is revised on account of personal observations and studies on collections from various herbaria. The types of Europeantaxa, asfar as they could be recovered, have been examined. Observations on extralimital taxa are included. The infrageneric classification of Romagnesi (1978) is followed in broad outline with some slight alterations: sect. Papillata is emended by including sections Minuta Romagn. and Cosmeoxonema Largent & Thiers. One new section, viz. sect. Fernandae , and four new subsections, viz. subsect. Tristia, Icterina, Infularia, and Cheilocystidiata are E. introduced. 54 Taxa are recognized, five of which are new: Entoloma sericeum var. cinereo-opacum, E. E. E. fernandae f. eccilioides, chlorophyllum, globulifer, and sphaerocystis. Several new combinations are E. proposed, viz. Entoloma ambrosium, E. clandestinum, E. conferendum, E. conferendum var. pusillum, cuspidifer, E. hirtipes var. sericoides, E. inutile,E. infula, E. sacchariolens, E. sericeoides, E. sericeonitens, E. sericeum f. nolaniforme.E. solstitiale, E. verecundum, and Entoloma sect. Staurospora, sect. Turfosa, subsect. Cosmeoxonema, subsect. Fibulata, and subsect. Minuta. For nomenclatural reasons two new names are introduced, viz. Entoloma leptopus to replace Nolanea tenuipes P. D. Orton and E. foetulentum to replace Nolanea foetida Killermann. Keys, descriptions and illustrations are given to all species accepted. In an appendix doubtful and excluded species are briefly discussed. Contents Introduction 428 Material, methods and presentation 428 Notes on the characters used in the keys 429 Clamp-connections 429 Pigmentation 429 Acknowledgments 430 Taxonomic part 431 Entoloma subgenus Nolanea 431 Key to the sections and subsections of subgenus Nolanea. 431 Key to the species of subgenus Nolanea 432 Synoptical key to the species ofsubgenus Nolanea 436 Section Nolanea 438 Section Staurospora 445 Section Papillata 453 Subsections: Papillata, 453; Fibulata, 463; Minuta, 468; Cosmeoxonema, 472 Section Fernandae' 486 Persoonia Vol. 10, Part 2 was issued 17 Dec. 1979. 427 428 PERSOONIA -Vol. 10, Part 4, 1980 Section Endochromonema 494 Subsections: Endochromonema, 495; Infularia, 503; Tristia, 508; Cheilocystidiata, 510; Icterina, 514 Extralimital species 520 Insufficiently known and excluded taxa 524 References 530 531 Index Introduction erected for with Fries (1821:10) Agaricus tribus Nolanea thosepink-spored agarics a mycenoid habit.The conceptof this taxon was generallyaccepted by later mycologists, though on different taxonomical levels: as a in and Schroeter subgenus by Quelet (1886: 63) Rhodophyllus , by (1889: Kummer 63) in Hyporrhodius, or as a genus by (1871; 24) and Saccardo (1887: 716). The mycenoid habitappearedto be a morphological criterion difficult to maintainfor modern mycologists. Romagnesi (1978) emended the concept of Nolanea on the base of microscopical such of and of and and characters as shape spores, type topography pigments, presence topography of clamp-connections. Kiihner (1977: 450) suggested the use of size and shape of tramal elements as a distinctive infrageneric character, a suggestion worked out by me in the present study. On account of these characters a more natural classification appears to be In of possible. the concept Romagnesi followed by me, subgenus Nolanea now comprises 'classical' species such as Entoloma cetratum (Fr.) Moser, E. conferendum (Britz.) Noordeloos ( =Nolaneastaurospora Bres.), and E. papillatum (Bres.) Dennis as well as species with a more tricholomatoidhabit formerly placed in subgenus Entoloma, such as E. sericeum (Bull, ex Merat) Quel, and E. ameides Berk. & Br., or with a collybioid habit, such as E. icterinum. Nolanea is treatedhere as a subgenus in agreement with the classification of Romagnesi, as in my experience it is impossible to divide Entoloma sensu lato (or Rhodophyllus) into clear-cut genera. This is confirmed implicitly by the recent work on mostly extra-European taxa of Entolomaby Horak (1973,1976& 1978)and by Romagnesi & Gilles (1979). The criteria used by Benedict such the diameter of of Largent & (1971: 35), as hyphae the pileipellis, to distinguish genera cannot be maintained. Subgenus Nolanea is closely related to subgenus Entoloma via sect. Endochromonema on one hand,and sect. Turfosa on the other, and with subgenus Pouzaromyces via sect. Fernandae. For of the is referred future further details and schemes classification reader to a paper (Noordeloos, 1980a; in preparation). MATERIAL, METHODS AND PRESENTATION Most species treated here have been studied by me in fresh as well as in dried condition. thus in Macroscopic descriptions are most cases based on personal observations completed by notes in descriptions ofothers. Many of the latterare supplied by Dr. C. Bas and Dr. R. A. Maas Geesteranus, who laid the base of a rather well documented set of Agaricales collections in the the the colours fresh Rijksherbarium during past 25 years. Unless otherwise stated, of specimens are compared with Munsell Soil Colour Charts, Baltimore. NOORDELOOS: Entoloma subgen. Nolanea 429 Microscopical structures were observed and measured in water (fresh carpophores) or in a 10% ammonia solution, or in an ammoniac 1% Congo Red solution(dried specimens), usually under oil-immersion. Spores, basidia and cystidia were observed and measured in squash preparations of minute parts of the lamellae. Hymenophoral trama has been examined in transversal sections as well as of the has been observed in squash preparations. The pigmentation of the upper layers pileus preferably after plasmolysis in radial sections offresh carpophores. (For obtaining plasmolysis a saturated salt solution has been used.) In dried specimens it has been observed after boiling Kiihner & sections in ammoniasolution or with the method describedby Romagnesi (1953: 177) after treatment with picroformol de Hollande observed in boiling Chloralhydrate. Part of the collections have been fixed in Carnoy solution and conserved in 70% alcohol. This material appeared to be very suitable for the study of pigmentation patterns too. However, observations on fresh materialare preferable because they give the most reliableresults, particularly in cases of pale, diffusely intracellularpigments. Drawings were made with the aid ofa drawing prisma. The magnifications ofthe figures are: other carpophores, natural size; spores, x 1000; all microscopical details, x 670. Unless otherwise stated all collections studied are deposited in the Rijksherbarium, Leiden (L). NOTES ON THE CHARACTERS USED IN THE KEYS CLAMP-CONNECTIONS.—To have a criterion for the presence or absence ofclamp-connections, most the hymenium was selected. In species of Nolanea clamp-connections are abundant in the but The best hymenium, only very sparse in other tissues. way to study clamp-connections is to stain them in ammoniac 1% Congo Red. One should be carefulof proliferating clamps (see Bas, 1965: 355) and look preferably at the base of young basidia. —The of and its considered of PIGMENTATION. type pigmentation topography is a character great importance. Three main types of pigmentation are to be distinguished, viz.: (i). Intracellular. —Pigment present in plasma and/or vacuoles inside the hyphal elements. This be diffuse pigment can or present itself as smaller or larger granules or clots, which sometimes agglutinate. In plasmolysis this type of pigmentation becomes more distinct at the moment the plasma retires from the hyphal walls in one or more coloured globules, leaving a non-coloured zone between them and the hyphal wall. (ii). Membranal.—Pigment present in the hyphal wall. In plasmolysis there is no differenceto be in the location of the in seen pigmentation comparison to observations on the pigments in water. (iii) Encrusting.—Pigments present on the outer wall of the hyphal elements in the form of minute to rather crust-like which form distinct large patches, sometimes patterns (e.g. a 'zebra' is In pattern). This type of pigmentation usually easy to recognize also indried collections. some cases be the encrustations are very minute and inconspicuous and should looked for very carefully, particularly onthe narrowest hyphae of pileipellis and pileitrama, and near the septa. and Combinationsof different types of pigmentation frequently occur, particularly (i) (ii), or (i) and (iii). 430 PERSOONIA -Vol. 10, Part 4, 1980 The following abbreviations are used: Q.—Length-width ratio, usually given as follows: Q = 1.2-1.3-1.4, which means Q=between 1.2 and 1.4, with an average of 1.3. (The length of a spore is measured without the apiculus.) 1 2 L-D= 1-2-3 nm. —Length minus width between and 3, with an average of /mi. = = 25 1 LamellaeL 20-25,1 1—3(—5).—20 to entire lamellaeper carpophorewith -3, sometimes5 short lamellae ('lamellulae') between each pair. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I Dr. Bas and am deeply indebted to C. for his guidance encouragement duringmy studies in Entoloma which in the Sincere thanks due Prof. H. resulted present paper. are to Romagnesi, Paris, for valuable discussions, and for making available his rich herbarium and collection of unpublishednotes. Dr. E. Kits van Waveren, Amsterdam, Dr. F. Tjallingii & Mrs. G. J. M. G. P. B. Tjallingii-Beukers, Wageningen,