DOCSLIB.ORG

Scientific Information in Fur Animal Production

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Scientific Information in Fur Animal Production SCIENTIFIC INFORMATION IN FUR ANIMAL PRODUCTION V o l . 3 5 , N o . 3 I N T E R N A T I O N A L F U R A N I M A L S C I E N T I F I C A S S O C I A T I O N SCIENTIFUR - scientific information in Fur Animal Production. SCIENTIFUR scientific information for those involved in fur animal production is published by the International Fur Animal Scientific Association (IFASA). SCIENTIFUR is the contact link between fur animal researchers all over the world and serves as an outlet for scientific and other communication between researchers and others who are interested in the production of fur bearing animals. As such SCIENTIFUR contains reports of scientific and applied nature as well as abstracts of information published elsewhere and information regarding congresses, scientific meetings etc. SCIENTIFUR is published as four issues per year (one volume). REVIEWED SCIENTIFIC ARTICLES. Papers received for publication as Reviewed Scientific Articles will be sent for scientific approval by peer review. SHORT COMMUNICATIONS. Other original papers can be published in SCIENTIFUR as short communications. In regard to such articles the author(s) alone is (are) responsible for the scientific validity of the article. Such papers must not exceed 4 printed pages. EDITOR’S ADDRESS. All kinds of material suited for publication or abstracting in SCIENTIFUR have to be forwarded to the Editor: Vivi Hunnicke Nielsen Tel: +45 8999 1361 SCIENTIFUR Fax: +45 8999 1300 P.O. Box 14 DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark E-mail: [email protected] SUBSCRIPTION: DKK 650.- per volume (year) including bank charges and postage. Please note that members can subscribe, for personal use only, at a reduced rate. Please apply for membership and further details at http://www.ifasanet.org or to the IFASA treasurer. TRESURER’S ADDRESS. All correspondence regarding subscription and payment should be addressed to the Treasurer: Steen H. Møller Tel: +45 8999 1346 IFASA Fax: +45 8999 1500 P.O. Box 14 DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark E-mail: [email protected] INDEXING: Titles that have been published in SCIENTIFUR are covered in an electronic SCIENTIFUR INDEX. Regional Scientifur Representatives Canada: Dr. Bruce Hunter: E-mail: [email protected] USA: Dr. Jack Rose: E-mail: [email protected] Finland: M.Sc. Nita Koskinen: E-mail: [email protected] Iceland: Advisor Einar Einarsson: E-mail: [email protected] Norway: Veterinary advisor Gorm Sanson: E-mail: [email protected] The Netherlands: Ing. Jan deRond: E-mail: [email protected] Poland: Dr. Malgorzata Sulik: E-mail: [email protected] International Fur Animal Scientific Association (IFASA). Board of directors: Dr. Steen H. Møller (President, Treasurer): E-mail: [email protected] Dr. Bruce D. Murphy (Past President): E-mail: [email protected] Dr. Kirsti Rouvinen-Watt (Vice President): E-mail: [email protected] Mr. Knud J. Vest. E-mail: [email protected] Dr. Gorm Sanson. E-mail: [email protected] Dr. Marian Brzozowski. E-mail: [email protected] Contents 23 SCIENTIFUR ISSN 0105-2403 Vol. 35, No. 3 1. Contents 23 2. Notes 25 3. Reviewed articles 27 A review of mink farming practices in China 27 L. Sha, Y.-P. Xu,L.-J. Jin 4. Abstracts 37 Construction of an American mink bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library 37 and sequencing candidate genes important for the fur industry R. Anistoroaei, B. ten Hallers, M. Nefedov, K. Christensen, P de Jong Anchoring the dog to its relatives reveals new evolutionary breakpoints across 37 11 species of the Canidae and provides new clues for the role of B chromosomes S.E. Duke Becker, R. Thomas, V.A. Trifonov, R.K. Wayne, A.S. Graphodatsky, M. Breen Inbreeding affects fecundity of American mink (Neovison vison) in Danish farm mink 38 D. Demontis, P.F. Larsen, H. Baekgaard, M. Sønderup, B.K. Hansen, V.H. Nielsen, V. Loeschcke, A. Zalewski, H. Zalewska, C. Pertoldi Two candidate genes (FTO and INSIG2) for fat accumulation in four canids: 38 chromosome mapping, gene polymorphisms and association studies of body and skin weight of red foxes M. Grzes, I. Szczerbal, H. Fijak-Nowak, M. Szydlowski, M. Switonski Mink farms predict Aleutian disease exposure in wild American mink 38 L.A. Nituch, J. Bowman, K.B. Beauclerc, A.L. Schulte-Hostedde Pancreatitis in hyperlipemic mink (Mustela Vison) 39 K. Nordstoga, R. Sørby, G. Olivecrona, A.J. Smith, B. Christophersen 24 Scientifur, Vol. 35, No. 3, 2011 5. Symposiums, congresses etc. 41 Actual Mink Research 2011, Meeting at Research Centre Foulum, Faculty of Science and Technology, Aarhus University, Denmark Molecular biological diagnostic of Aleutian mink disease virus in mink and 41 environmental samples T.H. Jensen, M. Chriél, A.S. Hammer Restricted and ad libitum feeding: what differences are observed in the metabolism? 41 M.S Hedemann Feeding strategies for limitation of bite marks in mink kept in groups – preliminary results 42 S.W. Hansen, J. Malmkvist “Clicker training” of mink 42 P.M. Svendsen WelFur – assessing the welfare of mink in the European production 42 S.H. Møller, S.W. Hansen, R. Thomsen Selection against bitemarks in group housing - results from the first generation 43 P. Berg, S.H. Møller, S.W. Alemu Agonistic behaviour in groups of four juvenile mink 43 L.L. Jeppesen Incidence of wounds and injuries in mink production 43 S.H. Møller Death among mink kits in the lactation period 44 T. Clausen Hunting new fur trait genes 44 J. Thirstrup, R.S. Labouriau, B. Guldbrandtsen, R.M. Anistoroaei, K. Christensen, M. Fredholm, V.H. Nielsen Effect of inbreeding on the breeding result in Danish mink 44 P.F. Larsen, H. Bækgaard, M. Sønderup, C. Pertoldi Is genomic selection a revolution of breeding mink? 45 P. Berg Notes 25 Notes from the Editor Fur animal production and the related industries and body and skin weight in foxes, transmission have increased considerably in China over of Aleutian disease virus in mink and pancreatitis decades and made China an important actor in the in hyperlipemic mink. field. This issue of Scientifur 35,3 contains a publication reviewing the development and status Communication of results from fur animal of mink farming in China and the need for future research projects to the fur industry is of outmost efforts to improve the industry. importance. This issue brings abstracts from the yearly meeting at Faculty of Science and This issue of Scientifur also presents abstracts Technology, Aarhus University in Denmark held from studies dealing with construction of a this September. It is the aim of the meeting to bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library for present the most recent research results to the fur American mink, chromosome evolution in Canid animal industry and to fur animal production species including foxes, the effect of inbreeding advisors. on fecundity in mink, association between poly- morphism in candidate genes for fat accumulation Vivi Hunnicke Nielsen Editor Scientifur 26 Scientifur, Vol. 35 No. 3, 2011 27 Reviwed articles A review of m ink farm ing practices in C hina L e i S h a 1 , Yong-Ping X u 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 *, L i-Ji Jin 1 1 D epartm ent of Bioscience and Biotechnology, D alian U niversity of Technology, D alian 116024, C hina 2 D alian SEM Bio-Engineering Technology C o. Ltd., D alian 116620, C hina 3 M inistry of Education C enter for Food Safety of Anim al O rigin, D alian 116620, C hina 4 State K ey Laboratory of Fine C hem icals, D alian U niversity of Technology, D alian 116012, C hina E-m ail: autum ndlut@ gm ail.com A b s t r a c t stabilized over the last number of years with the Mink are one of the most common and most 2010 production estimated to be approximately important fur bearing animals used for production in 50.48 million pelts (Fur Commission USA, 2010). the world. Top-quality fur products are produced Denmark is the leading mink-producing country which have great commercial value. China has a with nearly 27.7% of world production in 2010 large-scale mink fur farming industry. China followed by China at 23.8% of the production produced 12 million mink pelts in 2010, (Ward, 2010). representing 23.8% of the world’s market. Thus, China is an important international actor in the mink M ink production in C hina farming industry and the industry is continuously Mink have been farmed for fur in China since 1956 expanding. China is among the world’s biggest (Zhang, ZM, 2005). Chinese mink farming producers, consumers, importers, and exporters of flourished in the 1990s after China's Reform and fur apparel. This review covers the current status Open-Up Policy. The first fur animal breeding farms and problems in mink farming and industry in in China were built in Heilongjiang, Liaoning, and China. It also introduces the development of fur Shandong Provinces (Guo et al., 2006). In addition trade in China. to traditional state-run farms, private and family run farms were developed. Some foreign investors K ey w ords: C hina; farm ing; fur anim als; m ink established even more fur farms during the 1990s. The major mink farming areas are located in the Introduction northern and northeast areas where the climate is The history of mink farming in China is short ideal and feed supply is abundant. These include compared with that in Europe and North America. Shandong, Liaoning, Hebei, Jilin, Heilongjiang, Chinese production began in 1956 but significant Jiangsu, and the Inner Mongolian Provinces (Liu, market demand for fur has really only been present 2008).
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Our Full Report
    As we look back over the four years since we announced the Perdue Commitments to Animal Care, it has been a journey of listening, learning and evolving. The Perdue Commitments to Animal Care was shaped with input from diverse stakeholders – including some of our harshest critics – and we continue to seek their input. We learn from a wide range of perspectives, whether they be farmers, our associates, advocates, customers or consumers, in formal and informal ways. Cumulatively this has resulted in 65 initiatives designed to address one of the Five Freedoms or one of the other three pillars of our program. And perhaps more importantly, these initiatives have moved from studies or intentions to programs and best practices that are now embedded in how we do business every day. We’re proud of our progress and eager to continue our journey. The following pages report on the most recent and core ongoing initiatives as well as our future goals. Highlights of our recent progress include: • Expanding the number of farms with free-range, outdoor access • Testing the feasibility and benefits of on-farm hatching to improve early chick care • Collaborating on animal welfare research with Mercy for Animals • Conducting our second farmer contest to tap into their experience and expertise in raising chickens • Opening our third Poultry Learning Center, viewing farms which offer a transparent, interactive experience to learn about poultry farming and proper animal care • Holding our fourth Animal Care Summit, bringing together animal care experts and advocates, customers, farmers, and our leadership, in July 2019. Our next summit will be held in October 2020.
    [Show full text]
  • Wild Animal Suffering and Vegan Outreach
    Paez, Eze (2016) Wild animal suffering and vegan outreach. Animal Sentience 7(11) DOI: 10.51291/2377-7478.1101 This article has appeared in the journal Animal Sentience, a peer-reviewed journal on animal cognition and feeling. It has been made open access, free for all, by WellBeing International and deposited in the WBI Studies Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Animal Sentience 2016.087: Paez Commentary on Ng on Animal Suffering Wild animal suffering and vegan outreach Commentary on Ng on Animal Suffering Eze Paez Department of Legal, Moral and Political Philosophy Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona Abstract: Ng’s strategic proposal seems to downplay the potential benefits of advocacy for wild animals and omit what may be the most effective strategy to reduce the harms farmed animals suffer: vegan outreach. Eze Paez, lecturer in moral and political philosophy at Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, studies normative and applied ethics, especially ontological and normative aspects of abortion and the moral consideration of nonhuman animals. He is a member of Animal Ethics. upf.academia.edu/ezepaez Underestimating the importance of wild animal suffering. Ng’s (2016) view is not that animal advocates should focus only on farmed animals, to the exclusion of those that live in the wild. He concedes that our efforts must also be directed toward raising awareness of the harms suffered by animals in nature. Nonetheless, he seems to suggest that these efforts should be minimal relative to those devoted to reducing the harms farmed animals suffer. Ng underestimates the potential benefits of advocacy for wild animals in terms of net reduction in suffering perhaps because he is overestimating people’s resistance to caring about wild animals and to intervening in nature on their behalf.
    [Show full text]
  • Mink Farming in the U.S. Economics Animal Care & Welfare Sustainability Biosecurity COVID & Mink
    Mink Farming in the U.S. Economics Almost 3 million mink are commercially raised in 22 US states. In 2019, mink farming created over $85 million in taxable revenue in the U.S and supported thousands of jobs in our rural communities. U.S. mink farms are 100% family owned and operated businesses, often with 3 generations working on the farm. Animal Care & Welfare Animal health and welfare is the first priority of American mink farmers. Mink farmers have strict operating guidelines governing the humane care of animals. Farmers follow comprehensive animal husbandry practices developed with scientists, veterinarians, and welfare experts, with rigorous standards for nutrition, housing, biosecurity, veterinary care and humane harvesting. The mink farming standards in the U.S. have been certified by the Professional Animal Auditors Certification Organization (PAACO) and farms are independently inspected by Validus Verification Services. Like in all animal agriculture, mink farmers are subject to state and federal laws. Mink on U.S. farms are harvested according to humane practices and methods as recommended by the AVMA. Mink farms must also abide by all environmental regulations. Less than ¼ of 1 percent of all animals harvested in agriculture are taken for fur products. Sustainability Farmed mink consume food industry by-products not fit for human consumption, keeping it out of our landfills. Each animal will consume more than 20-times their body weight per year of human food production by-product, translating to over 300 million pounds of waste recycled. After harvesting, mink remains are used in organic composts, artisanal pet foods and rendered into oils for conditioners, cosmetic products, and even tire-care products.
    [Show full text]
  • Cruelty on Animals and Related Rights
    PJAEE, 17 (6) (2020) CRUELTY ON ANIMALS AND RELATED RIGHTS Maithili Chaudhury1, Nilanjan Chakraborty2 1,2 Asst. Professer, Faculty of Legal Studies, Siksha O Anusandhan Email: [email protected], [email protected] Maithili Chaudhury, Nilanjan Chakraborty: Cruelty On Animals And Related Rights -- Palarch’s Journal Of Archaeology Of Egypt/Egyptology 17(6). ISSN 1567-214x Keywords: Animal Rights, Animal Husbandry, Anti-cruelty ethic, Social Ethic ABSTRACT Businesses and occupations must remain consistent with social ethics or risk losing their freedom. An important social ethical issue that has arisen over the past four decades is animal welfare in various areas of human use. The ethical interest of the society has outgrown the conventional morality of animal cruelty, which originated in biblical times and is embodied in the laws of all civilized societies. There are five major reasons, most notably the substitution of husbandry-based agriculture with industrial agriculture, for this new social concern. This loss of husbandry to industry has threatened the traditional fair contract between humans and animals, leading to significant animal suffering on four different fronts. Because such suffering is not caused by cruelty, it was necessary to express social concerns with a new ethic for animals. Since ethics is based on pre-existing ethics rather than ex nihilo, society has looked for its properly modified ethics for humans to find moral categories that apply to animals. This concept of legally encoded rights for animals has emerged as a plausible vehicle for reform. The paper provides brief summary of the animal welfare board of India, legal capacity in order to possess rights and tries to establish relation between legal personhood and rights.
    [Show full text]
  • Organic Livestock Farming: Potential and Limitations of Husbandry Practice to Secure Animal Health and Welfare and Food Quality
    Organic livestock farming: potential and limitations of husbandry practice to secure animal health and welfare and food quality Proceedings of the 2nd SAFO Workshop 25-27 March 2004, Witzenhausen, Germany Edited by M. Hovi, A. Sundrum and S. Padel Sustaining Animal Health and Food Safety in Organic Farming (SAFO) Co-ordinator: Mette Vaarst (Danish Institute of Animal Science, Denmark) Steering Committee Malla Hovi (The University of Reading, England) Susanne Padel (The University of Aberystwyth, Wales) Albert Sundrum (The University of Kassel, Germany) David Younie (Scottish Agricultural College, Scotland) Edited by: Malla Hovi, Albert Sundrum and Susanne Padel Publication date: July 2004 Printed in: The University of Reading ISBN: 07049 1458 1 Contents Foreword M. Hovi, A. Martini, S. Padel 1 Acknowledgements 3 Part A: Organic animal health management and food quality at the farm level: Current state and future challenges Organic livestock production and food quality: a review of current status and future challenges M. Vaarst and M. Hovi 7 Animal health in organic farming defined by experts- concept mapping and the interpretation of the concept of naturalnessl T. Baars, E. Baars and K. Eikmans 17 Animal, welfare and health problem areas from an organic farmer’s point of view U. Schumacher 25 A veterinarian’s perspective of animal health problems on organic farms. P. Plate 27 Part B: Animal health and welfare: organic dairy production Swiss organic dairy milk farmer survey: which path for the organic cow in the future? E. Haas and B. Pabst 35 Animal health in organic dairy farming – results of a survey in Germany. C.
    [Show full text]
  • Consumers' Evaluation of Animal Welfare Labels on Poultry Products
    Journal of Applied Communications Volume 104 Issue 1 Special Issue: Association for Article 1 Communication Excellence 2019 Conference Consumers’ Evaluation of Animal Welfare Labels on Poultry Products Rexanna Powers Nan Li Texas Tech University Courtney Gibson Texas Tech University See next page for additional authors Follow this and additional works at: https://newprairiepress.org/jac Part of the Mass Communication Commons, and the Public Relations and Advertising Commons This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 4.0 License. Recommended Citation Powers, Rexanna; Li, Nan; Gibson, Courtney; and Irlbeck, Erica (2020) "Consumers’ Evaluation of Animal Welfare Labels on Poultry Products," Journal of Applied Communications: Vol. 104: Iss. 1. https://doi.org/ 10.4148/1051-0834.2310 This Research is brought to you for free and open access by New Prairie Press. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of Applied Communications by an authorized administrator of New Prairie Press. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Consumers’ Evaluation of Animal Welfare Labels on Poultry Products Abstract As the public has expressed increasing concerns regarding the humane raising and handling of farm animals, the U.S. Department of Agriculture and industry organizations have developed a series of standards enforcing animal welfare in the poultry industry. Labels and value-added claims were created and defined to differentiate products and to inform consumers’ purchasing decisions. This study identified five labels related to animal welfare that are frequently found on food packages in the U.S. grocery stores, including both the mandatory labels and third-party, voluntary labels.
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction to Whole Farm Planning • Marketing • Whole Farm Business Management and Planning • Land Acquisition and Tenure • Sustainable Farming Practices
    www.vabeginningfarmer.org Virginia Whole Farm Planning: An Educational Program for Farm Startup and Development Sustainable Farming Practices: Animal Husbandry The purpose of the Sustainable Farming Practices: Animal Husbandry module is to help beginning farmers and ranchers in Virginia learn the basic fundamental production practices and concepts necessary to make informed decisions for whole farm planning. This is one of five modules designed to guide you in developing the whole farm plan by focusing on the following areas: • Introduction to Whole Farm Planning • Marketing • Whole Farm Business Management and Planning • Land Acquisition and Tenure • Sustainable Farming Practices Each module is organized at the introductory to intermediate stage of farming knowledge and experience. At the end of each module, additional resources and Virginia service provider contact information are available to help continue the farm planning process. Authors: Cindy Wood Virginia Tech, Department of Animal and Poultry Science Cindi Shelley Virginia Cooperative Extension programs and employment are open to all, SUNY Cobleskill, Department of Animal and regardless of race, color, national origin, sex, religion, age, disability, political beliefs, sexual orientation, or marital or family status. An equal Plant Sciences opportunity/affirmative action employer. Issued in furtherance of Cooperative Extension work, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Virginia State University, and the U.S. Department of Agriculture cooperating. Edwin J. Jones, Director, Virginia Cooperative Extension, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg; Jewel E. Hairston, Administrator, 1890 Extension Program, Virginia State, Petersburg. Funding for this curriculum is sponsored by the Beginning Farmer and Rancher Development Program (BFRDP) of the USDA-National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA), Award # 2010-49400.
    [Show full text]
  • Livestock-Keeping and Animal Husbandry in Refugee and Returnee Situations
    LIVESTOCK-KEEPING AND ANIMAL HUSBANDRY IN REFUGEE AND RETURNEE SITUATIONS A PRACTICAL HANDBOOK FOR IMPROVED MANAGEMENT Acknowledgements Our genuine appreciation to The World Conservation Union (IUCN) in Gland, Geneva for their technical expertise and invaluable revision of the Handbook on Livestock Keeping and Animal Husbandry in Refugee and Returnee Situations. We extend our thanks to the UNHCR Field Environmental Coordinators and Focal Points and other colleagues for their very useful comments and additional inputs. Illustrations prepared by Dorothy Migadee, Nairobi, Kenya Background & cover images: ©Irene R Lengui/L’IV Com Sàrl Design and layout by L’IV Com Sàrl, Morges, Switzerland Printed by: SroKundig, Geneva, Switzerland Produced by the Environment, Technical Support Section, UNHCR Geneva and IUCN, August 2005 2 Refugee Operations and Environmental Management Table of Contents Glossary and Acronyms 5 Executive Summary 7 1. Livestock Management in Refugee-Related Operations 9 1.1 Introduction 9 1.2 Livestock-Keeping in Refugee-Related Operations 10 2. Purpose and Use of this Handbook 14 2.1 Introduction 14 2.2 Using this Handbook 14 3. Livestock Management: Some Basic Considerations 16 3.1 Introduction 16 3.2 Traditional and Legal Rules and Regulations 16 3.3 Livestock to Suit the Conditions 17 3.4 Impacts Commonly Associated with Livestock-Keeping 18 3.4.1 Some Positive Impacts of Livestock-Keeping 18 3.4.2 Some Negative Impacts of Livestock in Refugee Situations 19 3.4.2.1 Impacts on Natural Resources 19 3.4.2.2 Social Conflicts 20 3.4.2.3 Impacts on Public Health 21 3.5 Disease Avoidance and Control 22 3.5.1 Common Livestock Diseases 22 3.5.2 Maintaining Animal Health 25 3.5.3 Avoiding Negative Impacts on Public Health 28 3.6 Housing 29 3.7 Carrying Capacity 30 3.8 Resource Competition 32 4.
    [Show full text]
  • Neolithic Report
    RESEARCH DEPARTMENT REPORT SERIES no. 29-2011 ISSN 1749-8775 REVIEW OF ANIMAL REMAINS FROM THE NEOLITHIC AND EARLY BRONZE AGE OF SOUTHERN BRITAIN (4000 BC – 1500 BC) ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES REPORT Dale Serjeantson ARCHAEOLOGICAL SCIENCE Research Department Report Series 29-2011 REVIEW OF ANIMAL REMAINS FROM THE NEOLITHIC AND EARLY BRONZE AGE OF SOUTHERN BRITAIN (4000 BC – 1500 BC) Dale Serjeantson © English Heritage ISSN 1749-8775 The Research Department Report Series, incorporates reports from all the specialist teams within the English Heritage Research Department: Archaeological Science; Archaeological Archives; Historic Interiors Research and Conservation; Archaeological Projects; Aerial Survey and Investigation; Archaeological Survey and Investigation; Architectural Investigation; Imaging, Graphics and Survey; and the Survey of London. It replaces the former Centre for Archaeology Reports Series, the Archaeological Investigation Report Series, and the Architectural Investigation Report Series. Many of these are interim reports which make available the results of specialist investigations in advance of full publication. They are not usually subject to external refereeing, and their conclusions may sometimes have to be modified in the light of information not available at the time of the investigation. Where no final project report is available, readers are advised to consult the author before citing these reports in any publication. Opinions expressed in Research Department Reports are those of the author(s) and are not necessarily those of English Heritage. Requests for further hard copies, after the initial print run, can be made by emailing: [email protected]. or by writing to English Heritage, Fort Cumberland, Fort Cumberland Road, Eastney, Portsmouth PO4 9LD Please note that a charge will be made to cover printing and postage.
    [Show full text]
  • The Animal Welfare Act at Fifty: Problems and Possibilities in Animal Testing Regulation
    University of the Pacific Scholarly Commons McGeorge School of Law Scholarly Articles McGeorge School of Law Faculty Scholarship 2016 The Animal Welfare Act at Fifty: Problems and Possibilities in Animal Testing Regulation Courtney G. Lee Pacifc McGeorge School of Law Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/facultyarticles Part of the Animal Law Commons Recommended Citation Courtney G. Lee, The Animal Welfare Act at Fifty: Problems and Possibilities in Animal Testing Regulation, 95 Neb. L. Rev. 194 (2016). This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the McGeorge School of Law Faculty Scholarship at Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in McGeorge School of Law Scholarly Articles by an authorized administrator of Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Courtney G. Lee* The Animal Welfare Act at Fifty: Problems and Possibilities in Animal Testing Regulation TABLE OF CONTENTS I. Introduction .......................................... 195 II. Background of the Animal Welfare Act ................ 196 A. Enactment and Evolution.......................... 196 B. Early Amendments ................................ 197 C. Improved Standards for Laboratory Animals Act of 1985 .............................................. 198 D. Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees .... 201 E. IACUC Effectiveness .............................. 203 III. Coverage of the AWA .................................. 205 A. What Is an “Animal” under the AWA? .............
    [Show full text]
  • Consumer Moral Dilemma in the Choice of Animal-Friendly Meat Products
    sustainability Review Consumer Moral Dilemma in the Choice of Animal-Friendly Meat Products Li Lin-Schilstra * and Arnout R. H. Fischer Marketing and Consumer Behaviour Group, Wageningen University, Hollandseweg 1, 6706 KN Wageningen, The Netherlands; arnout.fi[email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 8 May 2020; Accepted: 11 June 2020; Published: 13 June 2020 Abstract: More and more consumers, at least in Western developed countries, are attentive to the sustainability aspects of their food, one of which concerns animal welfare. The conflict of harming an animal for the joy of eating meat causes a moral dilemma, affecting consumers’ reactions to, and choices of, animal-friendly products. This systematic review identified 86 studies from Scopus and Web of Science. The review outlines: (1) What are the personal antecedents among consumers regarding moral conflicts?; (2) In what situation do moral conflicts occur in consumer food choice?; (3) How do consumers emotionally experience the moral dilemma?; (4) How do consumers resolve moral conflicts over animal products? Researchers have studied personal factors and situational factors that arouse consumers’ moral dilemma and how the dilemma is solved, during which emotions and dissonance come into play. When synthesizing these findings into a comprehensive model, we notice that the current research is lacking on how personal factors change and interact with situations, which limits the understanding of the real-life context of consumers’ moral dilemma as well as their choices of animal-friendly products. More in-depth studies are needed to find situational factors that contribute to this complex psychological process. Keywords: consumer behavior; moral dilemma; meat; animal-friendly products; systematic review 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Ethical Consumers' Awareness of Vegan Materials
    sustainability Article Ethical Consumers’ Awareness of Vegan Materials: Focused on Fake Fur and Fake Leather Yeong-Hyeon Choi 1 and Kyu-Hye Lee 2,* 1 Department of Clothing and Textiles, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea; [email protected]figure 2 Human-Tech Convergence Program, Department of Clothing and Textiles, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +82-2-2220-1191 Abstract: With an increase in ethical awareness, people have begun to criticize the unethical issues associated with the use of animal materials. This study focused on the transition of global consumers’ awareness toward vegan materials and the relationship between the interest in ethical subjects such as animals, the environment, and vegan materials. For this purpose, consumers’ posts about fur/fake fur and leather/fake leather uploaded on Google and Twitter from 2008 to 2019 were utilized, and the Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency (Tf-idf ) value was extracted using Python 3.7. Furthermore, the worldwide Google keyword search volume of each word was analyzed using Smart PLS 3.0 to investigate global consumers’ awareness. First, with time, consumers began relating animal materials such as fur and leather to topics such as animal rights, animal abuse, and animal protection. Second, as interest in “animal welfare” increased, interest in “fake fur” also rose, and as interest in “cruelty free” increased, interest in “fake fur”, “vegan fur”, and “vegan leather” also increased. Third, as consumers’ interest in the “environment” increased, interest in vegan materials such as “fake fur” and “fake leather” decreased. However, as interest in “eco” increased, interest in “vegan leather” also augmented.
    [Show full text]