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Philosophy of Action Spring 2009

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Philosophy 274 Philosophy of Action Spring 2009 Instructor: Course Assistant: Chris Korsgaard Paul Schofield 205 Emerson Hall [email protected] 617-495-3916 [email protected] Office Hours: Thursdays 2:00-4:00 Description: A study of some important recent work in the philosophy of action by Gary Watson, Jennifer Hornsby, Michael Bratman, Brian O'Shaughnessy, and John McDowell, all of whom will visit the seminar. Course Admissions Policies: Participation in this course is by permission of the instructor. The course is not open to undergraduates, either as enrolled students or auditors. Permission to enroll will be extended to philosophy graduate students; in other cases the decision will depend on the size of the course and the student’s background in philosophy. Graduate students who wish to audit the course must commit to attending regularly, participating in discussions, and asking questions of the visitors. Required and Readings from: Anscombe, Elizabeth, Intention. Basil Blackwell, 1957; Harvard University Press, 2000. Bratman, Michael, “Intention, Belief, Practical, Theoretical.” In Spheres of Reason, ed. Jens Timmerman, John Skorupski, and Simon Robertson. Forthcoming from Oxford. Bratman, Michael, “Intention, Practical Rationality, and Self-Governance.” In manuscript. Bratman, Michael, “Modest Sociality and the Distinctiveness of Intention.” Forthcoming in Philosophical Studies. Bratman, Michael, “Shared Valuing and Shared Policies of Acceptance.” In manuscript. Bratman, Michael, “Three Theories of Self-Governance.” In Bratman, Structures of Agency, Oxford 2007. Hornsby, Jennifer, An Interview with Jennifer Hornsby. Philosophy of Action: Five Questions, ed. Jesús H. Aguilar and Andre A. Buckareff. Automatic Press/VIP, 2009. Hornsby, Jennifer, “A Disjunctive Conception of Acting for Reasons.” In Disjunctivism: Perception, Acton, and Knowledge, ed. Adrian Haddock and Fiona MacPherson. Oxford, 2008. Hornsby, Jennifer, “Agency and Actions.” In Agency and Action, ed. Helen Steward and John Hyman. Cambridge, 2004. Hornsby, Jennifer, “Anscombe vs. Davidson on Actions and Causality.” (in manuscript) Hornsby, Jennifer, Simple Mindedness. Harvard, 1997. Philosophy 274 Philosophy of Action p. 2 Korsgaard, Christine M., “Acting for a Reason.” In The Constitution of Agency, Oxford 2008. Korsgaard, Christine M., Self-Constitution. Forthcoming from Oxford, 2009. McDowell, John “I do what happens.” In manuscript. McDowell, John, “Some Remarks on Intention in Action.” In manuscript. Moran, Richard, and Martin Stone, “Anscombe on Expression of Intention” Moran, Richard, “Anscombe on ‘Practical Knowledge.’” In Agency and Action, ed. Helen Steward and John Hyman. Cambridge, 2004. O’Shaughnessy, Brian, “Searle’s Theory of Action,” in John Searle and His Critics, ed. Ernest Lapore and Robert Van Gulick. Blackwell, 1991. O’Shaughnessy, Brian, The Will, 2nd edition. Cambridge, 2008. O’Shaughnessy, Brian, “Trying and Acting.” In manuscript. Watson, Gary, Agency and Answerability. Oxford, 2004. Watson, Gary, “The Trouble with Psychopaths.” In manuscript. I have not ordered the books at the bookstore. Readings will be posted on or available through the course website and on reserve in Robbins Library. If you are auditing the course and wish to access the readings through the web site, you must supply us with your Harvard e-mail address so that we can add you to the class list. If you are auditing and are not a Harvard student, you can get an “XID” and with it a Harvard e-mail address for this purpose. Please contact Paul Schofield to be added to the class list. Written Assignments: i) Questions for the speakers. All students, both auditors and enrolled students, are required to post questions for the speakers to the “Questions for Visiting Speakers” section of the course website, no later than 8:00 p.m. on the Wednesday before the speaker’s visit. ii) Weekly 2-3 page papers. Every enrolled student is required to hand in 2-3 double-spaced pages of writing (absolutely no more) each week. These short papers will be due by 5:00 p.m. each Wednesday, and must deal with the readings for the forthcoming Friday. You should hand them in by sending them to me as e-mail attachments; please be sure that your name is on both the paper itself and in the title of the file. Apart from that requirement, the topic is entirely up to you: you may summarize the material, give a reading of a difficult passage, criticize one of the arguments, or defend the author against a possible criticism - anything as long as it concerns the reading for the week in question. These papers will not be graded, but you must turn all of them in order to pass the course. iii) Seminar Paper. A seminar paper of 15-20 pages is due on Monday, May 11, by 5:00 p.m. Students seeking an extension on any of the papers should ask me before the date on which the paper is due. Philosophy 274 Philosophy of Action p. 3 Schedule: January 30 Organizational Meeting February 6 John McDowell “Some Remarks on Intention and Action” Brian O’Shaughnessy “Searle’s Theory of Action” February 13 John McDowell Visit “I do what happens” Elizabeth Anscombe, Intention: §§8-9, 28-32, 45-46, 48 Recommended Reading: Richard Moran, “Anscombe on ‘Practical Knowledge’” Richard Moran and Martin Stone, “Anscombe on Expression of Intention” February 20 Jennifer Hornsby “Bodily Movement, Actions, and Epistemology” “Physicalist Thinking and Conceptions of Behavior” “Agency and Causal Explanation” (All from Simple Mindedness) Recommended Reading: An Interview with Jennifer Hornsby February 27 Jennifer Hornsby Visit “Agency and Actions” “A Disjunctive Conception of Acting for Reasons” “Anscombe vs. Davidson on Actions and Causality” March 6 Michael Bratman “Three Theories of Self-Governance” “Intention, Belief, Practical, Theoretical” "Modest Sociality and the Distinctiveness of Intention." Recommended Reading: “Reflections on the Philosophy of Action” March 13 Michael Bratman Visit “Intention, Practical Rationality, and Self-Governance" “Shared Valuing and Shared Policies of Acceptance" March 20 Brian O’Shaughnessy The Will (2nd ed., 2008), volume 2: 314—316, 379—383, 390—393, 385—448, 423—424, 606—608: these readings are for both weeks. Recommended Reading: “Trying and Acting” Philosophy 274 Philosophy of Action p. 4 The topics covered in these readings are: (1) The theory that, while trying may be omnipresent in bodily actions, it consists in the present intention. Alternatively, the theory that the intention does all the main mental work. (pp. 314— 316, 379—383, and especially 390—393). (2) The theory that acts of the bodily will, and/or bodily actions themselves, are interior phenomena, (385—448, and especially 423—424). (3) Making out a case for the theory that double aspect theory is true of bodily actions. (385— 448) (4) A simple summary and diagrammatic rendition of that double aspect theory, as expressed in the last two pages of the book 606—8. March 21-29 Spring Recess April 3 Brian O'Shaughnessy Visit Reading: The Same Continued Same as above April 10 Gary Watson “Free Agency” “Responsibility and the Limits of Evil: Variations on a Strawsonian Theme” “Two Faces of Responsibility” (All from Agency and Answerability) April 17 Gary Watson Visit “The Trouble with Psychopaths” “Psychopathic Agency” April 24 & May 1 No Meetings Final Paper due Monday May 11 .
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    Philosophers’ , . you are oered a large sum of money to intend on I mprint Tuesday to drink toxin on Wednesday. The toxin will make you ill if you drink it, but you only have to intend to drink it in O order to receive the money.Obviously, it is desirable for you to intend to drink the toxin, yet this fact seems incapable of moving you to so intend. Why is this so? Does your inability to win the money reflect a flaw in your rationality? How Action Michael Bratman has pointed out that when one deliberates about the future, one’s focus is on what to do in the future, not on what to in- tend now, although a judgment about what to do later does lead to an intention now about what to do later (, ). Understanding why Governs Intention this is so is the key to solving the toxin puzzle. õ 0RACTICALõDELIBERATION Before looking for an explanation of the phenomenon that Bratman describes, we need a more precise characterization of it. First of all, it is not true that any deliberation we engage in about the future is about what to do in the future; we also deliberate about what will be the case in the future. This latter kind of deliberation concludes in a future-di- rected belief rather than a future-directed intention. I will call delibera- tion that concludes in a belief doxastic deliberation and deliberation that concludes in an intention practical deliberation. Bratman’s claim, then, is about practical deliberation: deliberation that concludes in an intention now for later is about what to do in the future.