Insights Into Astrophyllite-Group Minerals
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Mineral Processing
Mineral Processing Foundations of theory and practice of minerallurgy 1st English edition JAN DRZYMALA, C. Eng., Ph.D., D.Sc. Member of the Polish Mineral Processing Society Wroclaw University of Technology 2007 Translation: J. Drzymala, A. Swatek Reviewer: A. Luszczkiewicz Published as supplied by the author ©Copyright by Jan Drzymala, Wroclaw 2007 Computer typesetting: Danuta Szyszka Cover design: Danuta Szyszka Cover photo: Sebastian Bożek Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27 50-370 Wroclaw Any part of this publication can be used in any form by any means provided that the usage is acknowledged by the citation: Drzymala, J., Mineral Processing, Foundations of theory and practice of minerallurgy, Oficyna Wydawnicza PWr., 2007, www.ig.pwr.wroc.pl/minproc ISBN 978-83-7493-362-9 Contents Introduction ....................................................................................................................9 Part I Introduction to mineral processing .....................................................................13 1. From the Big Bang to mineral processing................................................................14 1.1. The formation of matter ...................................................................................14 1.2. Elementary particles.........................................................................................16 1.3. Molecules .........................................................................................................18 1.4. Solids................................................................................................................19 -
Revision 1 Extreme Fractionation from Zircon to Hafnon in the Koktokay No
This is a preprint, the final version is subject to change, of the American Mineralogist (MSA) Cite as Authors (Year) Title. American Mineralogist, in press. (DOI will not work until issue is live.) DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.2138/am.2013.4494 6/19 1 Revision 1 2 3 Extreme fractionation from zircon to hafnon in the Koktokay No. 4 1 granitic pegmatite, Altai, northwestern China 5 6 Rong Yin1, Ru Cheng Wang1,*, Ai-Cheng Zhang1, Huan Hu1, Jin Chu Zhu1, Can Rao2, and 7 Hui Zhang3 8 9 1State Key Laboratory for Mineral Deposits Research, School of Earth Sciences and 10 Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; 11 2Department of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; 12 3Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550002, China. 13 14 *E-mail: [email protected] 15 Always consult and cite the final, published document. See http://www.minsocam.org or GeoscienceWorld This is a preprint, the final version is subject to change, of the American Mineralogist (MSA) Cite as Authors (Year) Title. American Mineralogist, in press. (DOI will not work until issue is live.) DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.2138/am.2013.4494 6/19 16 ABSTRACT 17 The Koktokay No. 1 pegmatite is a Li–Cs–Ta-rich granitic pegmatite located in Altai, 18 northwestern China. Zircon is present in most textural zones of this pegmatite and in its 19 contact zone with surrounding metagabbro. Here we describe the detailed associations of 20 zircon with other minerals, and the internal textures and chemistry of the zircons. -
Alphab Etical Index
ALPHAB ETICAL INDEX Names of authors are printed in SMALLCAPITALS, subjects in lower-case roman, and localities in italics; book reviews are placed at the end. ABDUL-SAMAD, F. A., THOMAS, J. H., WILLIAMS, P. A., BLASI, A., tetrahedral A1 in alkali feldspar, 465 and SYMES, R. F., lanarkite, 499 BORTNIKOV, N. S., see BRESKOVSKA, V. V., 357 AEGEAN SEA, Santorini I., iron oxide mineralogy, 89 Boulangerite, 360 Aegirine, Scotland, in trachyte, 399 BRAITHWAITE, R. S. W., and COOPER, B. V., childrenite, /~kKERBLOM, G. V., see WILSON, M. R., 233 119 ALDERTON, D. H. M., see RANKIN, A. H., 179 Braunite, mineralogy and genesis, 506 Allanite, Scotland, 445 BRESKOVSKA, V. V., MOZGOVA, N. N., BORTNIKOV, N. S., Aluminosilicate-sodalites, X-ray study, 459 GORSHKOV, A. I., and TSEPIN, A. I., ardaite, 357 Amphibole, microstructures and phase transformations, BROOKS, R. R., see WATTERS, W. A., 510 395; Greenland, 283 BULGARIA, Madjarovo deposit, ardaite, 357 Andradite, in banded iron-formation assemblage, 127 ANGUS, N. S., AND KANARIS-SOTIRIOU, R., autometa- Calcite, atomic arrangement on twin boundaries, 265 somatic gneisses, 411 CANADA, SASKATCHEWAN, uranium occurrences in Cree Anthophyllite, asbestiform, morphology and alteration, Lake Zone, 163 77 CANTERFORD, J. H., see HILL, R. J., 453 Aragonite, atomic arrangements on twin boundaries, Carbonatite, evolution and nomenclature, 13 265 CARPENTER, M. A., amphibole microstructures, 395 Ardaite, Bulgaria, new mineral, 357 Cassiterite, SW England, U content, 211 Arfvedsonite, Scotland, in trachyte, 399 Cebollite, in kimberlite, correction, 274 ARVlN, M., pumpellyite in basic igneous rocks, 427 CHANNEL ISLANDS, Guernsey, meladiorite layers, 301; ASCENSION ISLAND, RE-rich eudialyte, 421 Jersey, wollastonite and epistilbite, 504; mineralization A TKINS, F. -
Anorogenic Alkaline Granites from Northeastern Brazil: Major, Trace, and Rare Earth Elements in Magmatic and Metamorphic Biotite and Na-Ma®C Mineralsq
Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 19 (2001) 375±397 www.elsevier.nl/locate/jseaes Anorogenic alkaline granites from northeastern Brazil: major, trace, and rare earth elements in magmatic and metamorphic biotite and Na-ma®c mineralsq J. Pla Cida,*, L.V.S. Nardia, H. ConceicËaÄob, B. Boninc aCurso de PoÂs-GraduacËaÄo em in GeocieÃncias UFRGS. Campus da Agronomia-Inst. de Geoc., Av. Bento GoncËalves, 9500, 91509-900 CEP RS Brazil bCPGG-PPPG/UFBA. Rua Caetano Moura, 123, Instituto de GeocieÃncias-UFBA, CEP- 40210-350, Salvador-BA Brazil cDepartement des Sciences de la Terre, Laboratoire de PeÂtrographie et Volcanologie-Universite Paris-Sud. Centre d'Orsay, Bat. 504, F-91504, Paris, France Accepted 29 August 2000 Abstract The anorogenic, alkaline silica-oversaturated Serra do Meio suite is located within the Riacho do Pontal fold belt, northeast Brazil. This suite, assumed to be Paleoproterozoic in age, encompasses metaluminous and peralkaline granites which have been deformed during the Neoproterozoic collisional event. Preserved late-magmatic to subsolidus amphiboles belong to the riebeckite±arfvedsonite and riebeckite± winchite solid solutions. Riebeckite±winchite is frequently rimmed by Ti±aegirine. Ti-aegirine cores are strongly enriched in Nb, Y, Hf, and REE, which signi®cantly decrease in concentrations towards the rims. REE patterns of Ti-aegirine are strikingly similar to Ti-pyroxenes from the IlõÂmaussaq peralkaline intrusion. Recrystallisation of mineral assemblages was associated with deformation although some original grains are still preserved. Magmatic annite was converted into magnetite and biotite with lower Fe/(Fe 1 Mg) ratios. Recrystallised amphibole is pure riebeckite. Magmatic Ti±Na-bearing pyroxene was converted to low-Ti aegirine 1 titanite ^ astrophyllite/aenigmatite. -
Petrology of Nepheline Syenite Pegmatites in the Oslo Rift, Norway: Zr and Ti Mineral Assemblages in Miaskitic and Agpaitic Pegmatites in the Larvik Plutonic Complex
MINERALOGIA, 44, No 3-4: 61-98, (2013) DOI: 10.2478/mipo-2013-0007 www.Mineralogia.pl MINERALOGICAL SOCIETY OF POLAND POLSKIE TOWARZYSTWO MINERALOGICZNE __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Original paper Petrology of nepheline syenite pegmatites in the Oslo Rift, Norway: Zr and Ti mineral assemblages in miaskitic and agpaitic pegmatites in the Larvik Plutonic Complex Tom ANDERSEN1*, Muriel ERAMBERT1, Alf Olav LARSEN2, Rune S. SELBEKK3 1 Department of Geosciences, University of Oslo, PO Box 1047 Blindern, N-0316 Oslo Norway; e-mail: [email protected] 2 Statoil ASA, Hydroveien 67, N-3908 Porsgrunn, Norway 3 Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Sars gate 1, N-0562 Oslo, Norway * Corresponding author Received: December, 2010 Received in revised form: May 15, 2012 Accepted: June 1, 2012 Available online: November 5, 2012 Abstract. Agpaitic nepheline syenites have complex, Na-Ca-Zr-Ti minerals as the main hosts for zirconium and titanium, rather than zircon and titanite, which are characteristic for miaskitic rocks. The transition from a miaskitic to an agpaitic crystallization regime in silica-undersaturated magma has traditionally been related to increasing peralkalinity of the magma, but halogen and water contents are also important parameters. The Larvik Plutonic Complex (LPC) in the Permian Oslo Rift, Norway consists of intrusions of hypersolvus monzonite (larvikite), nepheline monzonite (lardalite) and nepheline syenite. Pegmatites ranging in composition from miaskitic syenite with or without nepheline to mildly agpaitic nepheline syenite are the latest products of magmatic differentiation in the complex. The pegmatites can be grouped in (at least) four distinct suites from their magmatic Ti and Zr silicate mineral assemblages. -
Titanite Ores of the Khibiny Apatite-Nepheline- Deposits: Selective Mining, Processing and Application for Titanosilicate Synthesis
minerals Article Titanite Ores of the Khibiny Apatite-Nepheline- Deposits: Selective Mining, Processing and Application for Titanosilicate Synthesis Lidia G. Gerasimova 1,2, Anatoly I. Nikolaev 1,2,*, Marina V. Maslova 1,2, Ekaterina S. Shchukina 1,2, Gleb O. Samburov 2, Victor N. Yakovenchuk 1 and Gregory Yu. Ivanyuk 1 1 Nanomaterials Research Centre of Kola Science Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, 14 Fersman Street, Apatity 184209, Russia; [email protected] (L.G.G.); [email protected] (M.V.M.); [email protected] (E.S.S.); [email protected] (V.N.Y.); [email protected] (G.Y.I.) 2 Tananaev Institute of Chemistry of Kola Science Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, 26a Fersman Street, Apatity 184209, Russia; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +7-815-557-9231 Received: 4 September 2018; Accepted: 10 October 2018; Published: 12 October 2018 Abstract: Geological setting and mineral composition of (apatite)-nepheline-titanite ore from the Khibiny massif enable selective mining of titanite ore, and its processing with sulfuric-acid method, without preliminary concentration in flotation cells. In this process flow diagram, titanite losses are reduced by an order of magnitude in comparison with a conventional flotation technology. Further, dissolution of titanite in concentrated sulfuric acid produces titanyl sulfate, which, in turn, is a precursor for titanosilicate synthesis. In particular, synthetic analogues of the ivanyukite group minerals, SIV, was synthesized with hydrothermal method from the composition based on titanyl-sulfate, and assayed as a selective cation-exchanger for Cs and Sr. -
Chemical Composition and Petrogenetic Implications of Eudialyte-Group Mineral in the Peralkaline Lovozero Complex, Kola Peninsula, Russia
minerals Article Chemical Composition and Petrogenetic Implications of Eudialyte-Group Mineral in the Peralkaline Lovozero Complex, Kola Peninsula, Russia Lia Kogarko 1,* and Troels F. D. Nielsen 2 1 Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia 2 Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 23 September 2020; Accepted: 16 November 2020; Published: 20 November 2020 Abstract: Lovozero complex, the world’s largest layered peralkaline intrusive complex hosts gigantic deposits of Zr-, Hf-, Nb-, LREE-, and HREE-rich Eudialyte Group of Mineral (EGM). The petrographic relations of EGM change with time and advancing crystallization up from Phase II (differentiated complex) to Phase III (eudialyte complex). EGM is anhedral interstitial in all of Phase II which indicates that EGM nucleated late relative to the main rock-forming and liquidus minerals of Phase II. Saturation in remaining bulk melt with components needed for nucleation of EGM was reached after the crystallization about 85 vol. % of the intrusion. Early euhedral and idiomorphic EGM of Phase III crystalized in a large convective volume of melt together with other liquidus minerals and was affected by layering processes and formation of EGM ore. Consequently, a prerequisite for the formation of the ore deposit is saturation of the alkaline bulk magma with EGM. It follows that the potential for EGM ores in Lovozero is restricted to the parts of the complex that hosts cumulus EGM. Phase II with only anhedral and interstitial EGM is not promising for this type of ore. -
Valid Unnamed Minerals, Update 2012-01
VALID UNNAMED MINERALS, UPDATE 2012-01 IMA Subcommittee on Unnamed Minerals: Jim Ferraiolo*, Jeffrey de Fourestier**, Dorian Smith*** (Chairman) *[email protected] **[email protected] ***[email protected] Users making reference to this compilation should refer to the primary source (Dorian G.W. Smith & Ernest H. Nickel (2007): A System of Codification for Unnamed Minerals: Report of the SubCommittee for Unnamed Minerals of the IMA Commission on New Minerals, Nomenclature and Classification. Canadian Mineralogist v. 45, p.983-1055), and to this website . Additions and changes to the original publication are shown in blue print; deletions are "greyed out and struck through". IMA Code Primary Reference Secondary Comments Reference UM1886-01-OC:HNNa *Bull. Soc. Minéral. 9 , 51 Dana (7th) 2 , 1104 Probably an oxalate but if not is otherwise similar to lecontite UM1892-01-F:CaY *Am. J. Sci. 44 , 386 Dana (7th) 2 , 37 Low analytical total because F not reported; unlike any other known fluoride 3+ UM1910-01-PO:CaFeMg US Geol. Surv. Bull. 419, 1 Am. Mineral. 34 , 513 (Ca,Fe,Mg)Fe 2(PO4)2(OH)2•2H2O; some similarities to mitridatite UM1913-01-AsO:CaCuV *Am. J. Sci. 35 , 441 Dana (7th) 2 , 818 Possibly As-bearing calciovolborthite UM1922-01-O:CuHUV *Izv. Ross. Akad. Nauk [6], 16 , 505 Dana (7th) 2 , 1048 Some similarities to sengierite 3+ UM1926-01-O:HNbTaTiU *Bol. Inst. Brasil Sc., 2 , 56 Dana (7th) 1 , 807 (Y,Er,U,Th,Fe )3(Ti,Nb,Ta)10O26; some similarities to samarskite-(Y) UM1927-01-O:CaTaTiW *Gornyi Zhurn. -
Astrophyllite–Alkali Amphibole Rhyolite, an Evidence of Early Permian A-Type Alkaline Volcanism in the Western Mongolian Altai
Journal of Geosciences, 61 (2016), 93–103 DOI: 10.3190/jgeosci.205 Original paper Astrophyllite–alkali amphibole rhyolite, an evidence of early Permian A-type alkaline volcanism in the western Mongolian Altai Vladimír Žáček1*, David BurIánek1, Zoltán Pécskay2, radek ŠkODa1 1 Czech Geological Survey, Klárov 3, 118 21 Prague 1, Czech Republic; [email protected] 2 Institute for Nuclear Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences (ATOMKI), Bem tér 18/c, Debrecen, Hungary * Corresponding author A dyke of alkali rhyolite intrudes the Tsetseg and Zuun Nuruu volcanosedimentary sequence of Ordovician–Silurian age (Hovd Zone, Central Asian Orogenic Belt) at the Botgon bag, Mankhan Soum, Hovd District in Western Mongolia. The rock consists of quartz and K-feldspar phenocrysts set in fine-grained groundmass composed of quartz, K-feldspar, albite, blue alkali amphibole (riebeckite–arfvedsonite containing up to 1.94 wt. % ZrO2), tiny brown radial astrophyllite, annite and accessory zircon, ilmenite, fluorite, monazite, hematite, chevkinite and bastnäsite. Astrophyllite has unusual, highly ferroan composition and occurs as two sharply bound zones of astrophyllite I and II with the average empirical formulae: 2+ (K1.71 Na0.01Rb0.08Cs0.01) (Na0.93Ca0.07) (Fe 6.52Mn0.31Zn0.06) (Ti0.84Zr0.50Nb0.55) Si7.68Al0.32 O26 (OH)3.78 F0.66 (astrophyllite I, 2+ Zr–Nb-rich); (K1.52Rb0.07) (Na0.81Ca0.19) (Fe 6.31 Mn0.28Zn0.06) (Ti1.28Nb0.30Zr0.28) Si7.68Al0.32 O26 (OH)2.85 F0.67 (astrophyllite II). Geochemically, the rhyolite corresponds to strongly fractionated silicic alkaline A-type (ferroan) magmatic rock with t 75.5–75.9 wt. -
New Mineral Names*,†
American Mineralogist, Volume 106, pages 1186–1191, 2021 New Mineral Names*,† Dmitriy I. Belakovskiy1 and Yulia Uvarova2 1Fersman Mineralogical Museum, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskiy Prospekt 18 korp. 2, Moscow 119071, Russia 2CSIRO Mineral Resources, ARRC, 26 Dick Perry Avenue, Kensington, Western Australia 6151, Australia In this issue This New Mineral Names has entries for 10 new species, including huenite, laverovite, pandoraite-Ba, pandoraite- Ca, and six new species of pyrochlore supergroup: cesiokenomicrolite, hydrokenopyrochlore, hydroxyplumbo- pyrochlore, kenoplumbomicrolite, oxybismutomicrolite, and oxycalciomicrolite. Huenite* hkl)]: 6.786 (25; 100), 5.372 (25, 101), 3.810 (51; 110), 2.974 (100; 112), P. Vignola, N. Rotiroti, G.D. Gatta, A. Risplendente, F. Hatert, D. Bersani, 2.702 (41; 202), 2.497 (38; 210), 2.203 (24; 300), 1.712 (60; 312), 1.450 (37; 314). The crystal structure was solved by direct methods and refined and V. Mattioli (2019) Huenite, Cu4Mo3O12(OH)2, a new copper- molybdenum oxy-hydroxide mineral from the San Samuel Mine, to R1 = 3.4% using the synchrotron light source. Huenite is trigonal, 3 Carrera Pinto, Cachiyuyo de Llampos district, Copiapó Province, P31/c, a = 7.653(5), c = 9.411(6) Å, V = 477.4 Å , Z = 2. The structure Atacama Region, Chile. Canadian Mineralogist, 57(4), 467–474. is based on clusters of Mo3O12(OH) and Cu4O16(OH)2 units. Three edge- sharing Mo octahedra form the Mo3O12(OH) unit, and four edge-sharing Cu-octahedra form the Cu4O16(OH)2 units of a “U” shape, which are in Huenite (IMA 2015-122), ideally Cu4Mo3O12(OH)2, trigonal, is a new mineral discovered on lindgrenite specimens from the San Samuel turn share edges to form a sheet of Cu octahedra parallel to (001). -
In Situ Produced Cosmogenic Krypton in Zircon and Its Potential for Earth
https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-2021-24 Preprint. Discussion started: 20 August 2021 c Author(s) 2021. CC BY 4.0 License. 1 In situ produced cosmogenic krypton in zircon and its potential for Earth 2 surface applications 3 Tibor J. Dunai 1*, Steven A. Binnie1, Axel Gerdes2 4 5 1 Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 49b, 50674 Cologne, 6 Germany. 7 2 Institute for Geosciences, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Altenhöferallee 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, 8 Germany. 9 10 Correspondence to: Tibor J. Dunai ([email protected]) 11 12 Abstract 13 Analysis of cosmogenic nuclides produced in surface rocks and sediments is a valuable tool for 14 assessing rates of processes and the timing of events that shaped the Earth surface. The various nuclides 15 that are used have specific advantages and limitations that depend on the time-range over which they are 16 useful, the type of material they are produced in, and not least the feasibility of the analytical effort. 17 Anticipating novel applications in Earth surface sciences, we develop in-situ produced terrestrial 18 cosmogenic krypton (Krit) as a new tool; the motivation being the availability of six stable and one 19 radioactive isotope (81Kr, half-life 229 kyr) and of an extremely weathering-resistant target mineral 20 (zircon). We provide proof of principle that terrestrial Krit can be quantified and used to unravel Earth 21 surface processes. 22 23 1 Introduction 24 Cosmogenic nuclides have become an important tool to address questions in Earth surface sciences and 25 paleoclimatology (Dunai, 2010; Gosse and Phillips, 2001; Balco, 2020). -
The Tanco Pegmatite at Bernic Lake, Manitoba Xii
Canadian Mineralogist Vol. 18, pp. 313-321 (1980) THE TANCO PEGMATITE AT BERNIC LAKE, MANITOBA XII. HAFNIAN ZIRCON* v ,. P. CERNY Department of Earth Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2 J. SIIVOLA Department of Geology, University of Helsinki, SF-00171 Helsinki 17, Finland ABsTRACT association etroite, parfois meme en intercroissance, avec les mineraux de Ta, Nb, Ti, Sn et Be dans Hafnian zircon occurs in the Tanco pegmatite les parties centrales albitisees de Ia pegmatite (Manitoba) in close association, and in occasional Tanco (Manitoba). Les cristaux de zircon varient intimate intergrowths, with the Ta, Nb, Ti, Sn, Be de bipyramides rose-brun a des agregats interstitiels bearing minerals in the albitized cerltral parts of the de grains bruns. Un crystal altere consiste ordinai body. In color and habit, its crystals range from rement d'une zone cristalline homogene for pink-brown bipyramids to brown interstice-filling tement bir6fringente pres de la surface exteme, aggregates of grains. An altered crystal commonly d'un noyau heterogene, optiquement isotrope consists of homogeneous, highly birefringent crystal et amorphe aux rayons X, et d'une altemance line subsurface zones, a heterogeneous, largely iso de ces deux composantes entre les deux. tropic and X-ray-amorphous core, and a zonal Les grains les plus metamictes contiennent des alternation of these components in between. Exten inclusions de thorite, d'une phase riche en U, Pb sively altered grains contain inclusions of thorite et Th, ainsi que de cristaux minuscules de galene and of a U, Pb, Th-rich phase and specks of et de plomb natif.