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Anr1006002.Pdf Advances in Nano Research, Vol. 10, No. 6 (2021) 517-529 DOI: https://doi.org/10.12989/anr.2021.10.6.517 517 The economic and management use of rhododendron petals in potas-sium-ion nano batteries anode via efficient computer simulation Wensheng Dai1, Yousef Zand2, Alireza Sadighi Agdas3, Abdellatif Selmi4,5, Angel Roco-Videla6,7, Karzan Wakil8,9 and Alibek Issakhov10,11 1Financial School, China Financial Policy Research Center, International Monetary Institute, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China 2Department of Civil Engineering,Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran 3Ghateh Gostar Novin Company, Tabriz, Iran 4Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia 5Ecole Nationale d’Ingénieurs deTunis (ENIT), Civil Engineering Laboratory, B.P. 37, Le belvédère1002, Tunis, Tunisia 6Programa Magister en ciencias químico-biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Bernardo O´Higgins, Santiago-Chile 7Departamento de ingeniería Civil, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción-Chile 8Department of Computer, College of Science, University of Halabja, Halabja 46018, Kurdistan Region, Iraq 9Research Center, Sulaimani Polytechnic University, Sulaimani 46001, Kurdistan Region, Iraq 10Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan 11Kazakh-British Technical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan (Received January 21, 2020, Revised February 13, 2021, Accepted February 19, 2021) Abstract. Nano batteries are manufactured batteries which use nanoscale technology, small particles measuring less than 100 nanometers or 10-7 meters. In addition, because of plentiful potassium supplies and less cost, potassium-ion batteries (PIBs) are taken as possible substitutes for lithium-ion batteries for massive energy storing systems. Our modern lifestyle could be totally different without rechargeable batteries. Regarding their economic and management usage, these batteries are applied in electric and hybrid vehicles, devices, and renewable power generation systems. Accordingly, regarding the huge K ion radius, it is a difficult process for identifying relevant materials with excellent cycling stability and capacity. At present, the production of suitable anode materials with high specific capacities, long cycle life and low costs for PIBs remains a major challenge. Also, the continuing improvement in defining future electors, the manufacture of PIBs has been complicated by multiple challenges, namely low reversible performance, insufficient cycling stability and poor energy density, all of which have created important doubts for the effective implications of PIBs. Nano-particles have shown various advantages for enhanced energy and power density, cyclability and safety when it comes to designing and producing electrode materials via efficient computer simulation. In combination with large volume expansion, slow reaction kinetics, and low electrical conductivity the main cause for the degradation of SnO2 reaction reversibility and power decay observed are not as obvious as those of Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) as anodes of sodium-ion batteries (SIBs), and potassium-ion batteries (KIBs). Keywords: biomass; hard carbon; potassium-ion batteries; nitrogen-doped; energy storage mechanism 1. Introduction battery community must take into account. For especial purposes, namely micro-electromechanical systems and In 2018, the global demand for energy storage was chips, nano-scale batteries are used extensively (Chen et al. estimated at $72 billion and is projected to rise to $165 2018, Lei et al. 2020). Regarding the use of computer billion before 2025 (Dyatlov et al. 2020). The global battery simulation, nano battery incorporated in device indicates market has been estimated to be progressed by 6.63% that power sources are also important in the process of CAGR during the expected years of 2019-27 (Baumann et miniaturization. The key characteristics of Nano batteries al. 2021). In addition, the energy crisis on Earth is with dimensions of 1 cm2 (Lowy et al. 2008) are their disrupting the growth and creating difficulties for human energy and power densities. When these tiny devices are survival (Mehtab et al. 2019, Yang et al. 2020a, Yasin et al. integrated in parallel, then thousands of Nano batteries 2020). The need for physically small batteries is growing could be placed on 0.5-mm-thick substrate which can have rapidly with the growth in need for portable electronics (Shi a charge of up to 10-mAh cm2 power per footprint. These et al. 2020, Fujita et al. 2021, Zhang et al. 2021). Thus, the batteries were evaluated for a significant number of charge- miniaturization of the battery is a critical task that the discharge rounds, without compromising their stability and capacitance. In addition, this design provides a massive electrical power output that eliminates the risk of Corresponding author, Professor, Ph.D., flammability, a big source of malfunctioning in laptop and E-mail: [email protected] mobile batteries. Novel battery technologies in nano world Copyright © 2021 Techno-Press, Ltd. http://www.techno-press.org/?journal=journal=anr&subpage=5 ISSN: 2287-237X (Print), 2287-2388 (Online) 518 Wensheng Dai, Yousef Zand, Alireza Sadighi A, Abdellatif Selmi, Angel Roco-Videla,Karzan Wakil and Alibek Issakhov allow Nano battery systems to stay operational for a studies and numerical analysis, Artificial intelligence (AI) minimum duration of 15 years (Ni et al. 2019a, b, Ning et as one of the accurate, fast and cost-effective techniques al. 2020). The advancement of energy storage systems by have been deployed extensively in different applications waste management focuses on advanced energy technology. (Safa et al. 2020, Shariati et al. 2020d, Yazdani et al. 2020). The lightweight N-S doped carbon nanofibers as hybrid Machine learning (ML) can be used as a subset of AI to condensers would be promoted by it. The satisfactory optimize and predict the performance of battery systems electrochemical results encourage the principle of waste (Mohammadhassani et al. 2013, Safa et al. 2016, Toghroli management in order to scalable energy storage device et al. 2016, Mansouri et al. 2019). ML also can provide efficiency (Zuo et al. 2015, 2017, Zhang et al. 2020a). The self-learning from data and then without human interference Nano battery can apply both to Nano sized batteries, as well apply that learning. In fact, big data techniques and ML as to the use of macroscopic battery nanotechnology to methods have addressed the different problems of improve its efficiency and lifespan (Rouhanifar et al. 2019, modelling the relationship between complex physical Hu et al. 2020, Yang et al. 2020b). Nano battery can deliver characteristics and material properties (Mohammadhassani many benefits, including fast charging, higher power et al. 2014b, Chahnasir et al. 2018, Sedghi et al. 2018, density, and prolonged shelf life over the conventional Katebi et al. 2019). Moreover, with the ongoing progress of battery (Guo et al. 2020, Wang et al. 2020, Yan et al. 2021). theories and methods, the subjects in which ML can be For a primary (non-rechargeable) battery, it is possible to employed will be more widespread and have a growing use nanotechnology to obtain a high-performance primary influence on the effectiveness of the investigations (Shariati battery. Iost et al. (2016) stated using monolayer graphene et al. 2019d, e, Trung et al. 2019a, Huang et al. 2021). to provide an initial battery on a chip. For several hours, Clean and green technology, for example solar, wind, tide, their batteries produced a steady voltage (1.1 V) with a high and geothermal has a significant role in recognizing the 15 μAh power. Nano-MnO2 was utilized as a cathode improvement of human society because of the reduction of material (Srither et al. 2013) to improve the discharge environmental destruction, and fossil fuels, thereby power and energy density of magnesium primary batteries. becoming the fastest-growing renewable energy alternatives Srither et al. (2014) published similar findings in the (Shariati 2020, Shariati et al. 2020c, f, Rajaei et al. 2021). primary cell of Zn/MnO2 for the improvement of discharge These renewable energies, though, are also essentially power retention and shelf life. In the high-power alkaline intermittent, leading in a tension between the time and Zn-MnO2 batteries (Cheng et al. 2005), γ-MnO2 nanowires/ space dimensions of energy harvesting and consumption nanotubes could be used. The multi-walled carbon nanotube (Naghipour et al. 2020a, Shariati et al. 2020a, g). To this (MWCNT)-templated cobalt phthalocyanine (CoPc) can end, an efficient resolution for storing and distributing these increase its discharge energy as a catalyst for the Li/SOCl2 transient energies is known to be the Energy Storage battery (Xu et al. 2010). Wei et al. (2017) manufactured a System (ESS) (Shariati 2008, Safa et al. 2019, Naghipour et hybrid nanomaterial (acetylene black nanoparticles/ al. 2020b, Shariati et al. 2020b). LIBs are the prevalent ESS graphene nano sheets) as a high-discharge Li/SOCl2 battery technology at present and, due to their ease, high energy cathode material (1706 mAh/g capacity at 5 mA/cm 2 densities and shortage of memory feature have become current density). Sun et al. (2016) developed an electrode important in our lives (Shariati et al. 2019a, 2020e, Afshar on the basis of nano-V, Ti-doped MnO2 for high-rate et al.
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