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Proceedings of the Fourth International Workshop on Lobster Biology and Management, 1993

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Proceedings of the Fourth International Workshop on Lobster Biology and Management, 1993 Proceedings of the Fourth International Workshop on Lobster Biology and Management, 1993 CULTURE OF PHYLLOSOMAS OF SPINY LOBSTER AND ITS APPLICATION TO STUDIES OF LARVAL RECRUITMENT AND AQUACULTURE BY JIRO KITTAKA School of Fisheries Sciences, Kitasato University, Sanriku, Iwate 022-01, Japan ABSTRACT Complete larval development of spiny lobsters in culture has been achieved for cool temperate species, Jasus lalandii (H.Milne Edwards, 1837),Jasus novaehollandiaeHolthuis, 1963, Jasus edwardsii (Hutton, 1875), Jasus verreauxi(H. Milne Edwards, 1851) and Palinuruselephas (Fabricius, 1787), and a warm temperate species, Panulirus japonicus(Von Siebold, 1824) since 1987. A good survival rate of about 10% was obtained for J. verreauxi.The factors important to the successful larval culture were: (1) introduction of microalgae into the culture water, (2) feeding with mussels and (3) supply of water from the bottom of the culture tank to induce a continuous circular current in the tank. The shortest duration of the phyllosoma stage for the above species, respectively, was 306, 319, 212, 197, 132, and 307 days. The number of instars was 17 for Jasus spp., 9 (estimated) for P. elephasand 25 (estimated) for P. japonicus.The shortest duration of the pucrulus stage was 19, 12, and 11days for the above animals, respectively. Jasus verreauximay be suitable because of its potential for a high survival rate. Palinurus elephasis also an interesting possibility because of its short larval life. Duration of the larval stage seems to be species specific. Within a species, it is affected by water temperature and food availability for the phyllosoma but exclusively by water temperature for the puerulus. RÉSUMÉ Le développement larvaire complet de langoustes en élevage a été réalisé depuis 1987 chez des espèces tempérées froides, Jasus lalandii (H. Milne Edwards, 1837), Jasus novaehollandiaeHolthuis, 1963, Jasus edwardsii(Hutton, 1875), Jasus verreauxi(H. Milne Edwards, 1851) et Palinurus elephas (Fabricius, 1787), et une espèce d'eaux tempérées chaudes, Panulirus japonicus(Von Siebold, 1824). Un taux de survie satisfaisant d'environ 10% a été obtenu pour J. verreauxi.Les facteurs importants pour un élevage des larves réussi sont: (1) l'introduction de microalgues dans l'eau d'élevage, (2) l'alimentation à l'aide de moules et (3) l'arrivée d'eau à la base du bac d'élevage, de façon à provoquer un courant d'eau circulaire continu dans le bac. La plus courte durée du stade phyllosome pour les espèces ci-dessus a été, respectivement, 306, 319, 212, 197, 132 et 307 jours. Le nombre de stades a été de 17 chez Jasus spp., de 9 (valeur estimée) chez P. elephaset 25 (valeur estimée) chez P. japonicus.La durée la plus courte du stade puerulus a été 19, 12 et 1 1 jourschez les animaux ci-dessus, respectivement. Jasus verreauxipourrait convenir à l'élevage en raison de son taux de survie élevé. Palinuruselephas constitue également une possibilité intéressante en raison de sa courte vie larvaire. La durée du stade larvaire semble être spécifique. Pour une même espèce, elle est affectée par la température de l'eau et la quantité de nourriture disponible pour la phyllosome mais exclusivement par la température chez le puerulus. 259 INTRODUCTION Japanese appreciate spiny lobster Panulirus japonicus (Von Siebold, 1824) very much. Because of their beautiful features and red colour, they are indispensable as the main seafood for New Year's Day and other celebrations. Their long antennae and bent abdomen symbolize wise old age. Domestic production is about 1,000 tons annually while imports of other spiny lobsters from all over the world have reached about 20 times the domestic catch. Basic research has been extensive on spiny lobster, nevertheless, little is known about some aspects of their biology, particularly their early life history. It has been one of the great mystery stories in marine biology. Aspects of early life history have been elucidated for several species at the Sanriku Campus (fig. 1, table I). This progress has mainly been due to the good environment for scientific research at Sanriku and co-operation with colleagues in various countries. Now, new fields of lobster research have been opened for us. I am sure that we will have a deeper understanding of lobsters within the next years. Here, I would like to describe and explain the culturing process and the biology of larval development of several spiny lobster species. I will discuss the implica- tions of the results obtained to related technologies, especially in aquaculture and to the study of marine ecosystems. Fig. 1. Species of spiny lobster which are dealt with in the presentations of the workshop. 1, Palinurus elephas(Fabricius, 1787); 2, Panulirus argus (Latreille, 1804); 3, Panulirus cygnusGeorge, 1962; 4, Panulirushomarus (Linnaeus, 1758); 5, Panulirusinterruptus (Randall, 1840); 6, Panulirus japonicus(Von Siebold, 1824); 7, Panulirus longipes(A. Milne Edwards, 1868); 8, Panulirus marginatus(Quoy & Gaimard, 1825); 9, jasus lalandii(H. Milne Edwards, 1837); 10, jasus edzvardsii(Hutton, 1875); 11, jasus novaehollandiaeHolthuis, 1963; 12, Jasus verreauxi(H. Milne Edwards, 1851). Closed circles indicate species which were cultured completely. .
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