Namibias Strahlende Zukunft? Gesamtwirtschaftliche Und Soziale Implikationen Des Uranabbaus in Erongo

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Namibias Strahlende Zukunft? Gesamtwirtschaftliche Und Soziale Implikationen Des Uranabbaus in Erongo Randolf Damion Dorn „Namibias strahlende Zukunft?“ Gesamtwirtschaftliche und soziale Implikationen des Uranabbaus in Erongo Diplomarbeit Erstgutachter: Prof. Dr. A. Dittmann Zweitgutachter: Dr. T. Christiansen Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen Fachbereich 07: Mathematik, Physik und Geographie Geographisches Institut Diplomarbeit „Namibias strahlende Zukunft?“ Gesamtwirtschaftliche und soziale Implikationen des Uranabbaus in Erongo eingereicht von Randolf Damion Dorn Erstgutachter: Prof. Dr. A. Dittmann Zweitgutachter: Dr. T. Christiansen Gießen, Januar 2013 überarbeitet Mai 2013 Inhalt • Inhaltsverzeichnis....................................................................................I • Abbildungsverzeichnis..........................................................................IV • Fotoverzeichnis......................................................................................IV • Kartenverzeichnis...................................................................................V • Tabellenverzeichnis................................................................................V • Fremdwörterverzeichnis.......................................................................VI • Abkürzungsverzeichnis.........................................................................VI • Danksagung..........................................................................................VII Inhaltsverzeichnis 1. Einleitung.................................................................................................1 1.1 Problematik.........................................................................................2 1.2 Zielsetzung..........................................................................................5 1.3 Anmerkung zur Methodik.....................................................................5 2. Darstellung des Untersuchungsgebiets Erongo..................................7 2.1 Geographie des Untersuchungsraums..................…........................10 2.1.1 Ressourcen...............................................................................13 2.1.2 Bevölkerung..............................................................................14 2.1.3 Infrastruktur...............................................................................15 2.2 Wirtschaftsstruktur.............................................................................21 2.2.1 Bergbau....................................................................................21 2.2.2 Tourismus..................................................................................22 2.2.3 Fischerei...................................................................................23 2.3 Bevölkerungsstruktur.........................................................................24 2.3.1 Arandis......................................................................................27 2.3.2 Swakopmund............................................................................28 2.3.3 Walvis Bay.................................................................................30 2.3.4 Topnaar Gemeinschaft..............................................................31 2.4 SWOT Analyse Namibia....................................................................32 3. Uran: Abbau, Anreicherung, Nutzung & Entsorgung.........................33 I 3.1 Uran...................................................................................................33 3.2 Uranabbau.........................................................................................35 3.3 Urananreicherung..............................................................................42 3.4 Urannutzung......................................................................................44 3.5 Rückbau von Uranminen...................................................................46 3.6 Deponierung & Rückbau von AKWs..................................................47 4. Namibias Uranabbau.............................................................................49 4.1 Historische Entwicklung....................................................................49 4.2 Aktuelle Uranminen...........................................................................57 4.2.1 Rössing.....................................................................................59 4.2.2 Langer Heinrich.........................................................................62 4.2.3 Trekkopje..................................................................................64 4.2.4 Valencia.…................................................................................66 4.3 Aktuelle Projekte................................................................................67 4.3.1 Husab (Rössing South).............................................................69 4.3.2 Etango (Goanikontes)...............................................................70 4.3.3 Omahola...................................................................................71 4.3.4 Marencia...................................................................................71 4.3.5 Weitere Projekte........................................................................72 4.4 Stakeholder / Shareholder.................................................................73 4.5 Beitrag zur Volkswirtschaft................................................................76 4.6 Internationaler Vergleich....................................................................79 5. On-Site Effekte und mögliche Auswirkungen des Uranabbaus im Untersuchungsgebiet...........................................................................82 5.1 Ökologische Auswirkungen...............................................................82 5.1.1 Wasser, Boden, Luft..................................................................83 5.1.2 Flora..........................................................................................90 5.1.3 Fauna........................................................................................92 5.1.4 Naturschutz...............................................................................94 5.2 Ökonomische Auswirkungen.............................................................96 5.2.1 Infrastruktur...............................................................................96 5.2.2 Wasser......................................................................................98 5.2.3 Energie....................................................................................100 5.2.4 Zulieferindustrien....................................................................103 II 5.2.5 Import und Export...................................................................105 5.3 Soziale Auswirkungen.....................................................................107 5.3.1 Arbeit.......................................................................................107 5.3.2 Bildung....................................................................................110 5.3.3 Gesundheit..............................................................................110 5.3.4 Städtische Bevölkerung...........................................................115 5.3.5 Ländliche Bevölkerung............................................................116 5.4 Künftige Minen....….........................................................................117 5.4.1 Szenarios.…............................................................................117 5.4.2 Was geschieht nach Schließung der Uranminen ?.................119 6. Zusammenfassung..............................................................................122 6.1 Handlungsempfehlungen................................................................124 6.2 Fazit.................................................................................................125 7. Literatur- und Quellenangaben..........................................................128 8. Summary..............................................................................................140 III Abbildungsverzeichnis Abb.1: Population Erongo und Städte 1991-2011.............................................14 Abb.2: Geschlechterverteilung ECZ..................................................................26 Abb.3: Sprachenverteilung ECZ…....................................................................26 Abb.4: Historische Entwicklung des Uranpreises..............................................41 Abb.5: Nuclear Fuel Production Chain for Light Water Reactors......................42 Abb.6: Weltweite Atomstromproduktion 2010....................................................45 Abb.8: Uranoxid Produktion Namibia 1997-2011..............................................57 Abb.9: Uranpreisentwicklung 1982-2012 in Relation zur Wirtschaftlichkeit......58 Abb.10: Pro Uran-Kampagne............................................................................75 Abb.11: Betriebskosten LHM.............................................................................79 Abb.11: Schematische Darstellung des Uranabbaus in Namibia......................82 Abb.12: Schematische Darstellung der Verbreitung von Radioaktivität in der Umwelt......................................................................................89 Fotoverzeichnis Foto 1: Düne 7 mit Blick auf Walvis Bay......................................................Cover Foto 2: Rössing Mine Luftbild 08/2010..............................................................59
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