NACOMA SEA (Coastal Areas of Erongo and Kunene Regions)
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NACOMA Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) for the coastal areas of the Erongo and Kunene Regions DHI - Water · Environment · Health December 2007 NACOMA – SEA Erongo & Kunene 1 DHI Agern Allé 5 Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) for DK-2970 Hørsholm the coastal areas of the Erongo and Kunene Denmark Regions Tel: +45 4516 9200 Fax: +45 4516 9292 [email protected] www.dhigroup.com December 2007 Client Client’s representative NACOMA Timo Mufeti Project Project No Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) for the coastal areas 54095 of the Erongo and Kunene Regions Authors Date December 2007 Henrik Skov Robin Bloch Approved by Frank Stuer-Lauridsen Ian Sehested Hansen David Uushona Revision Description By Checked Approved Date 02 Final HSK GOJ ISH 31. December 07 Classification Key words Open Namibia, NACOMA, Strategic Environmental Assessment, DST Internal Proprietary Distribution No of copies NACOMA Digital 2 DHI: Digital 1 NACOMA – SEA Erongo & Kunene 2 DHI CONTENTS ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS........................................................................................... 5 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .............................................................................................................. 7 Methodology ................................................................................................................................. 7 SEA - GENERAL .......................................................................................................................... 9 SEA - SPECIFIC......................................................................................................................... 12 Erongo ...................................................................................................................................... 12 Kunene ...................................................................................................................................... 15 Recommended Implementation Schedule.................................................................................. 18 The SEA Decision Support Tool (DST) ...................................................................................... 26 1 INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................... 27 1.1 Objective of the Assignment, Specific Tasks, Outputs......................................................... 27 1.2 Purpose of this Report...................................................................................................... 29 1.3 Strategic Environmental Assessment – and its Methods ...................................................... 29 1.4 Considerations for the Namibian Situation......................................................................... 30 1.5 Report Structure.............................................................................................................. 33 2 METHODOLOGY.......................................................................................................... 34 2.1 Collection of planning documents and data ........................................................................ 34 2.2 Stakeholder liaison .......................................................................................................... 34 2.3 Mapping of coastal landscape and physics, development plans and resources........................ 36 2.4 Assessment of land use suitability..................................................................................... 37 3 SEA ASSESSMENT: LAND USE AND COASTAL DEVELOPMENT TRENDS (BY SECTOR)....................................................................................................................... 39 3.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................... 39 3.2 Mining and Energy.......................................................................................................... 39 3.2.1 Erongo ........................................................................................................................... 41 3.2.1.1. Uranium mining................................................................ 41 3.2.1.2. Metal prospecting and mining in the Dunebelt................. 42 3.2.1.3. Salt................................................................................... 42 3.2.2 Kunene........................................................................................................................... 44 3.3 Fisheries and Marine Resources........................................................................................ 45 3.3.1 Erongo ........................................................................................................................... 46 3.3.1.1. Inshore fisheries............................................................... 46 3.3.1.2. Angling............................................................................. 46 3.3.1.3. Other resources ............................................................... 48 3.3.1.4. Guano .............................................................................. 48 3.3.1.5. Seals................................................................................ 48 3.3.1.6. Aquaculture...................................................................... 48 3.3.2 Kunene........................................................................................................................... 49 3.3.2.1. Inland fisheries................................................................. 51 3.3.2.2. Inshore fisheries............................................................... 51 3.3.2.3. Angling............................................................................. 51 3.3.2.4. Other catches .................................................................. 51 3.3.2.5. Seals................................................................................ 51 3.3.2.6. Aquaculture...................................................................... 51 NACOMA – SEA Erongo & Kunene 3 DHI 3.3.3 Ports and coastal infrastructure ......................................................................................... 52 3.3.3.1. Erongo ............................................................................. 52 3.3.3.2. Kunene ............................................................................ 53 3.3.4 Agriculture and Water ..................................................................................................... 54 3.3.4.1. Kunene ............................................................................ 54 3.3.4.2. Erongo ............................................................................. 56 3.4 URBAN DEVELOPMENT AND URBAN ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT............. 56 3.5 TOURISM...................................................................................................................... 64 3.6 NATURE CONSERVATION .......................................................................................... 69 3.6.1 Erongo ........................................................................................................................... 75 3.6.1.1. Sandwich Harbour ........................................................... 75 3.6.1.2. Walvis Bay Wetland......................................................... 76 3.6.1.3. National West Coast Recreation Area ............................. 78 3.6.2 Kunene........................................................................................................................... 80 3.6.2.1. Skeleton Coast National Park (SCP) ............................... 80 3.6.2.2. Kunene River Mouth/Transfrontier Conservation Area .... 81 4 SEA ASSESSMENT: IMPROVING NATURE CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT BY AREA ............................................................................................................................ 83 4.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................... 83 4.2 Erongo Region................................................................................................................ 83 4.2.1 Priority areas for conservation .......................................................................................... 83 4.2.2 Sandwich Harbour........................................................................................................... 84 4.2.3 Walvis Bay Wetland........................................................................................................ 84 4.2.4 Dunebelt......................................................................................................................... 85 4.2.5 Coastal Area Walvis Bay – Swakopmund – Henties Bay..................................................... 88 4.2.5.1. Introduction ...................................................................... 88 4.2.5.2. Walvis Bay ....................................................................... 89 4.2.5.3. Swakopmund ................................................................. 106 4.2.5.4. Wlotzkasbaken and Surroundings ................................. 112 4.2.5.5. Henties Bay.................................................................... 114 4.2.6 Cape Cross Lagoon and Seal Reserve.............................................................................. 117 4.2.7 Brandberg Massif.........................................................................................................