Samoa Aviation Investment Project Environmental and Social Management Plan Faleolo International Airport (APW)
PACIFIC AVIATION INVESTMENT PROGRAM
Samoa Aviation Investment Project (SAIP)
Faleolo International Airport (APW) Environmental and Social Impact Assessment & Management Plan, Upolu Island
Version 6, April 2017
Prepared by PAIP Technical and Fiduciary Services Unit Adapted from AECOM New Zealand Ltd SAIP Integrated Environmental and Social Management Plan – Faleolo International Airport (APW), Revision B, August 2016
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Samoa Aviation Investment Project Environmental and Social Management Plan Faleolo International Airport (APW)
Quality Information
Document Samoa Aviation Investment Project (SAIP) Faleolo International Airport Environmental and Social Management Plan, Upolu Island
Date 20 April 2017
Prepared by Kate Walker, Safeguard Specialist, TFSU
Revision History
Authorised Revision Revision Details Date Name/Position
0 July 2015 Client comments INECO SMEC
1 September Client comments INECO SMEC 2015
2 May 2016 TSFU comments INECO SMEC
3 June 2016 TSFU comments INECO SMEC
4 July 2016 Include additional design works INECO SMEC
5 August 2016 TFSU Comments INECO SMEC
6 April 2016 TFSU Rewrite of SAIP PESMP to Lasale Cocker include all project elements and update PESMP PAIP Project Manager
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Samoa Aviation Investment Project Environmental and Social Management Plan Faleolo International Airport (APW)
Contents
1 Executive Summary ...... 10 2 Introduction ...... 12 2.1 Background ...... 12 2.2 Project Location ...... 12 2.3 Purpose of Report...... 13 2.3.1 Environmental Safeguards Document Hierarchy and Development ...... 14 2.3.2 PESMP Methodology ...... 15 3 Description of Works ...... 17 3.1 Current situation ...... 17 3.1.1 Pavements ...... 17 3.1.2 Drainage...... 17 3.2 Description of Works ...... 18 3.2.1 Overview of Works ...... 18 3.2.2 Lot 1: Temporary Surface Treatments ...... 19 3.2.3 Lot 2: Design and rehabilitate airside pavements ...... 20 3.2.4 Lot 2: Upgrade to Airfield Drainage Systems ...... 23 3.2.5 Lot 2: Installation of civil works for airfield lighting ...... 24 3.2.6 Lot 2: Refuelling system ...... 24 3.2.7 Lot 3: Navigation Aids, Airfield Lighting, ATC Communications Systems and Power Supply 25 3.3 Alternatives ...... 27 3.4 Construction Methodology ...... 28 3.4.1 Method of Works Plan ...... 28 3.4.2 Equipment ...... 28 3.4.3 Aggregate Supply ...... 28 3.4.4 Construction Camps and Laydown Areas ...... 30 3.4.5 Haul Routes...... 32 3.4.6 Hazardous Substances ...... 33 3.4.7 Waste ...... 33 3.4.8 Health and Safety ...... 34 3.4.9 Duration and Timing of Construction Activities ...... 34 4 Policy, Legal and Administrative Framework ...... 35 4.1 National Requirements ...... 35
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4.2 Development Consents ...... 35 4.3 International Obligations ...... 38 4.4 World Bank Policy ...... 39 5 Natural and Social Environment ...... 40 5.1 Physical Environment ...... 40 5.1.1 Location and Geography ...... 40 5.1.2 Climate ...... 41 5.1.3 Soil and Geology ...... 41 5.1.4 Water Resources ...... 41 5.1.5 Land Use Around APW ...... 42 5.1.6 Coastal Flood Hazard Zone ...... 43 5.2 Biological Environment ...... 44 5.2.1 Marine Biodiversity ...... 44 5.2.2 Terrestrial Biodiversity ...... 44 5.2.3 Conservation Areas on Upolu ...... 45 5.2.4 Rare or Endangered Species ...... 45 5.3 Socio-Economic Conditions ...... 45 5.3.1 Population and Demographics ...... 45 5.3.2 Education and Health ...... 46 5.3.3 Livelihoods and Economic Activities ...... 46 5.3.4 Land Tenure and Rights ...... 46 5.4 Projected Climate Changes and Impacts ...... 46 6 Consultation and Stakeholder Engagement ...... 49 6.1 Background and approach ...... 49 6.2 Outcomes of Consultations to Date ...... 50 6.2.1 Key Outcomes ...... 51 6.2.2 Summary ...... 54 6.3 Disclosure ...... 55 6.4 Sensitive Receptors ...... 55 7 Environmental and Social Impacts ...... 56 7.1 Overview of Impacts ...... 56 7.2 Environmental Impacts ...... 56 7.2.1 Solid Waste ...... 56 7.2.2 Water Resources ...... 56
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7.2.3 Biological Resources ...... 57 7.2.4 Hazardous Substances and Materials ...... 57 7.2.5 Noise and Vibration ...... 58 7.2.6 Erosion and Sediment Control ...... 59 7.2.7 Air Emissions and Odours ...... 59 7.2.8 Traffic and Airport Operations ...... 60 7.2.9 Wastewater Discharges ...... 60 7.2.10 Local Quarry and Aggregate Supply ...... 61 7.2.11 Biosecurity ...... 62 7.2.12 Impacts of Cultural Property ...... 62 7.2.13 Coastal and Marine Impacts ...... 62 7.2.14 Secondary and Cumulative Impacts ...... 62 7.3 Social Impacts ...... 63 7.3.1 Occupational Health and Safety ...... 63 7.3.2 HIV/AIDS, Gender Based Violence, and Child Abuse and Exploitation ...... 65 7.3.3 Community Health and Safety ...... 67 7.3.4 Business Impacts ...... 67 8 Mitigation Measures ...... 68 8.1 Aggregates, Materials and Equipment ...... 68 8.2 Hazardous Substance Use, Storage and Disposal ...... 70 8.3 Safety and Traffic Management ...... 71 8.4 Stormwater and Water Management ...... 71 8.4.1 Stormwater Management ...... 71 8.4.2 Water Management ...... 72 8.5 Bitumen, Asphalt and Concrete Plant ...... 72 8.6 Construction Lay Down Area ...... 73 8.7 Erosion and Sediment Control ...... 74 8.8 Waste Water Management ...... 75 8.9 Solid Waste Management ...... 76 8.10 Social Impact Measures ...... 77 8.10.1 Labour Influx ...... 77 8.10.2 General Social Mitigations ...... 77 9 PESMP Implementation ...... 79 9.1 Roles and Responsibilities ...... 79
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9.2 Institutional Capacity ...... 81 9.3 Grievance Redress Mechanism ...... 82 10 Compliance and Monitoring Plan ...... 84 10.1 Monitoring Plan ...... 84 10.2 Monitoring Plan Reporting ...... 84 11 Contingency Planning ...... 86 Appendix A: Design Plans ...... 87 Appendix B: Mitigation Measures ...... 91 Appendix C: Monitoring Plan ...... 112 Appendix D: PESMP and CESMP Monitoring Plan Construction Inspection Checklist ...... 119 Appendix E: Consultation Report 2015 ...... 124 Appendix F: Codes of Conduct for GBV and CAE ...... 136 Appendix G: PESMP Implementation Plan Guidelines ...... 152
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Glossary and Abbreviations
AC Asphalt concrete ACP Apia Concrete Products ACM Asbestos Containing Material AGL Aeronautical Ground Lighting AGMO Assistant General Manager for Operations AP Affected Person/People APW Faleolo International Airport ARFF Aircraft rescue and firefighting ATC Air Traffic Control CARs Civil Aviation Rules CESMP Contractors Environmental and Social Management Plan China Eximbank Export-Import Bank of China, a state bank solely owned by the Chinese government and under the direct leadership of the State Council COEP Codes of Environmental Practice CEAR Comprehensive Environmental Assessment Report CVOR Conventional VOR DBA Decibel D&B Design and Build Contract EA Executing Agencies EHS Environmental and health and safety EIA Environmental impact assessment EIB European Investment Bank EMP Environmental Management Plan ESMF Environmental and Social Management Framework FOD Foreign Object Debris GDP Gross domestic product GoS Government of Samoa Ha Hectares HF High Frequency communication equipment HMA Hot mix asphalt HIV/AIDS Human Immunodeficiency Virus/ Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome IA Implementing Agency
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ICAO International Civil Aviation Organisation IFC International Finance Corporation IUCN International Union for Conservation of Nature IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change IESMP Integrated Environmental and Social Management Plan ILS Instrument Landing System LAeq Equivalent Continuous Level LIRL Low Intensity Runway Edge Lights LTA Land Transport Authority MAF Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries MNRE Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment MOWP Method of Works Plan MWTI Ministry of Works, Transport and Infrastructure NAVAIDS Navigational Aids NDB Non Directional Beacon NGOs Non-government organisations OHS Occupational Health and Safety OP Operational Policy PAIP Pacific Aviation Investment Program PAPI Precision Approach Path Indicator PCCSP Pacific Climate Change Science Program PEAR Preliminary Environmental Assessment Report PESMP Project Environmental and Social Management Plan PIB Public Information Bulletin PISA Preliminary Integrated Safeguards Assessment’ PPE Personal protective equipment PSC Project Steering Committee PST Project Support Team PUMA Planning and Urban Management Agency PUM Board Planning and Urban Management Board PWD Public Works Department RCP Representative Concentration Pathway RFS Rescue Fire Service
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RWY Runway SAA Samoa Airport Authority SAA PST Samoa Airport Authority SAIP Project Support Team SAIP Samoa Aviation Investment Project SCG Shanghai Construction Group SDS Safety data sheets STD Sexually transmitted diseases STEC Samoa Trust Estate Corporation SWA Samoa Water Authority SWM Solid Waste Management SWMP Solid Waste Management Plan TFSU Technical and Fiduciary Services Unit THR Threshold TMP Traffic Management Plan TWY Taxiway VHF VHF communications equipment VOR VHF Omnirange WB World Bank
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1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The Pacific Aviation Investment Program (PAIP) is funded by the World Bank (WB), participating countries, and other donor partners with the development objective to: (i) improve the safety, security, efficiency, management and environmental sustainability of airports, and (ii) improve regional harmonization of aviation safety standards. As part of the regional PAIP, aimed primarily at improving airport safety and security across the Pacific, the Samoa Aviation Investment Project (SAIP) has been established. Through SAIP, the Government of Samoa (GoS) and the WB are working together to improve international airport infrastructure at Falelolo International Airport (APW) on Upolu Island, Samoa.
SAIP will enable air transport infrastructure and operations to meet International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO) standards, and will provide a connected interface between the GoS’s new international airport terminal and the pavement areas.
The overall SAIP program is anticipated to consist of the following primary tasks:
1. Design and undertake temporary surface repairs to runway and apron pavements; 2. Design and undertake rehabilitation works to increase the life of the airside pavements for a design life of 20 years in line with industry standards, specifically; o Replace failed asphalt surfacing materials and improving the bond between asphaltic layers in the aircraft wheel tracking zones; o Provide an asphaltic concrete surfacing in the runway, taxiway, apron and turning areas able to withstand Code E mechanical forces without shearing (as presently occurring); o structurally enhance the depression areas on the taxilane to the rear of the aircraft parking apron and address what are considered pavement subsoil moisture related issues; and o structurally enhance Taxiway A and address what are considered pavement subsoil moisture related issues o Design and implement the widening of the RWY 08 turning node suitable for Code E operations 3. Design and implement an upgrade to the airfield drainage system; 4. Design and install the necessary civil infrastructure associated with the airfield lighting upgrade; 5. Make redundant the existing, design and then install a new refuelling system; 6. Design and replace all high mast lighting impacted by the new terminal development aerobridges; 7. Install a new airside road at the proposed terminal frontage; and 8. Upgrade navigational aids, airfield lighting, ATC communication systems and airfield generator and power system.
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These works will be tendered in three separate packages: the temporary repair works; the design and build works for full airfield pavement rehabilitation and upgrade (runway, taxiways and apron) and drainage improvements; and the upgrade to NAVAIDS, AGL, communications and power.
In addition to the works under the SAIP contracts, the GoS, through the Samoa Airport Authority (SAA), is currently (December 2016) implementing an additional airport improvement project to replace the terminal building at APW which will interface with the SAIP works on the apron. Phase one of the new terminal building was officially opened in December 2016 and is now in use by SAA. Phases two and three are scheduled for completion in August 2017 and will also interact with the apron pavement. SAIP is a Category B project under WB environmental and social screening guidelines and requires the development of a Project Environmental and Social Management Plan (PESMP). Due to the nature of the project it is expected that environmental impacts will be site specific, few if any are irreversible, and mitigation measures can be readily designed and implemented. The PESMP is required to identify and assess environmental and social issues associated with the proposed activities, and develop mitigation and management measures consistent with World Bank requirements.
The PESMPs includes information on mitigation, monitoring, responsibilities and institutional capacity. Most potential adverse impacts will occur during the construction phase of the SAIP. However, given the scope and nature of the works, correct implementation of the mitigation measures should be able to alleviate or lessen any potential negative impacts. The key aspects of the project that are being mitigated are associated with:
Solid waste management; Sourcing of aggregates; Removal of redundant fuel systems; and Airfield drainage upgrades.
These and all other potential impacts are described in detail throughout this PESMP.
The PESMP is designed to address these key areas and all other potential impacts through:
Implementation of the PESMP through the more detailed Contractor’s ESMP (CESMP) and associated guidelines documents included in Appendix G. Regular supervision and monitoring of the implementation of the PESMP (refer PESMP monitoring plan).
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2 INTRODUCTION
2.1 BACKGROUND
The Pacific Aviation Investment Program (PAIP) is funded by the World Bank (WB), participating governments, and donor partners. It has the development objective to: (i) improve the safety, security, efficiency, management and environmental sustainability of airports, and (ii) improve regional harmonization of aviation safety standards. Among other aviation improvement projects underway in Samoa, the Government of Samoa (GoS) and the WB have prepared a project to improve international airport infrastructure in Samoa and as such the Samoa Aviation Investment Project (SAIP) has been established as part of the PAIP.
The SAIP will implement key investment activities under the project focusing on pavement rehabilitations and upgrades, apron redesign and expansion to interface with new terminal building, improvements to airside drainage systems, upgrades to navigational aids/airfield ground lighting (AGL), and other operational requirements to support ongoing and improved compliance and operational standards. The SAIP works will be subject to the measures stipulated in this PESMP, associated Codes of Practice and the CESMP.
SAIP was formed in August 2014 in response to the deteriorating condition of the runway. Since the inception of SAIP, there has been a round of crack sealing undertaken by SAA with project assistance and further temporary repairs described in this PESMP are in the final stages of approval to be implemented prior to the main pavement rehabilitation works starting.
The primary beneficiaries of the SAIP will be air travellers throughout the Pacific Islands, as well as the national and regional administrative bodies and personnel involved in air transport management, freight and passenger air service providers. The upgrade of the pavements to adequately and safely cater for Code E aircraft and the expansion of the apron area also opens up opportunities for economic development in a number of sectors throughout Samoa, most notably of which is the tourism sector.
In order to progress to the bidding of the proposed pavement and associated works at APW, a project level Environmental and Social Management Plan (PESMP) is required to identify and assess environmental and social issues associated with the proposed activities, and develop mitigation and management measures consistent with WB requirements.
2.2 PROJECT LOCATION
Samoa is an independent state in the South Pacific Ocean and is approximately a two to three hour flight from ports in Fiji to the south-west, Australia to the west and New Zealand to the south. There are two main islands, Upolu and Savai’i accounting for 99% of the total land area with four smaller islands surrounding the landmasses totalling 2,842 km2. Apia, the capital of Samoa is located on the eastern island of Upolu which is also the most populated island in Samoa, housing two thirds of the country’s population.
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APW is located on the western side of Upolu, on the northern coastline approximately 20km to the west of Apia along the Main West Coast Road. It is Samoa’s only certified international airport and is the primary access point for international travellers to Samoa. APW has a single asphalt runway with the orientation 08/26 measuring approximately 3,000 by 45m wide, with shoulders 7.5m wide either side. The runway lighting consists of Low Intensity Runway edge lights (LIRL), a Single Row Centreline, a Precision Approach Path Indicator (PAPI) and portable lights. The airport includes day and night scheduled operations and services flights 24/7 as required.
The majority of international services originated in Australia and New Zealand using B737-800, B777- 200 and A-320 aircraft and occasionally B777-300ER aircraft during peak season. Services between Fiji and Samoa using ATR72 and B-737-800/700 and American Samoa service is using Dornier 328 and 228 aircraft.
2.3 PURPOSE OF REPORT
The governing environmental legislation in Samoa is the Planning and Urban Management Act 2004 (PUM Act). This act prescribes the framework for planning the use, development, management and protection of land in Samoa. All developments need consent which is provided for as a function of this act. This PESMP is compliant with the provisions in the PUM Act and the associated Codes of Environmental Practice (COEP).
SAIP is a Category B project under WB OP4.01 Environmental Assessment, and under the PAIP Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) structure for safeguards instruments, a site specific PESMP is required. Due to the nature of the project it is expected that the majority of environmental and social impacts will be site specific, few if any are irreversible, and mitigation measures can be readily designed and implemented.
The objective of the PESMP is to provide a detailed prescriptions for managing the airport upgrade works in a manner that incorporates the Samoan national requirements and the principles of environment sustainability while minimising potential adverse effects on the local community and the environment.
To achieve this objective, the PESMP outlines the mitigation measures required for avoiding or minimising the potential impacts of the works and provides a monitoring program to confirm effectiveness of the required mitigation measures. Roles and responsibilities are clearly defined for all stages of the project works and execution of project works. The PESMP also provides the details of how the community and stakeholders are to be engaged and the mechanisms for ongoing consultation and communication.
This PESMP is limited to the scope of works for APW as described in Section 3 of this document and addresses impacts and mitigation measures identified at each stage of the project’s execution, namely temporary repair works, final detailed design, construction and operation. This PESMP will be included in the bidding documents for construction contractors and form the basis of the Contractor’s ESMP (CESMP) and the application for the development consent. The mitigation measures identified in this PESMP form the minimum requirement for reducing impacts on the environment as a result of works associated with the project. The CESMP will be prepared by the
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contractor, approved by the Client’s Consulting Engineer and disclosed prior to commencing civil works.
2.3.1 Environmental Safeguards Document Hierarchy and Development At its inception in 2011, PAIP had an Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) which outlined the key steps and procedures in screening and assessment of environmental and social issues related to the PAIP (generally). The ESMF set out the principles, rules, guidelines and procedures to assess the environmental and social impacts. It contained measures and plans to reduce, mitigate and/or offset adverse impacts and enhance positive impacts, provisions for estimating and budgeting the costs of such measures, and information on the agency or agencies responsible for addressing project impacts. It defined roles and responsibilities, and provided guidance for the Implementing Agency (IA), Executing Agencies (EA) (respective country’s ministries) and the respective countries Civil Aviation Authorities for developing the environmental and social safeguards documents in compliance with respective WB safeguards operational policies (namely OP/BP4.01, OP/BP4.12, OP/BP4.10) and respective country system environmental and social safeguards requirements. It has guided the preparation of this PESMP.
This PESMP is a dynamic document which will be updated as and when there are changes to the scope or design that many have additional environment or social impacts or are likely to be of public interest. These changes may be instigated by SAA or the Contractor. At any one time, there is only one PESMP which is considered current and applicable to the SAIP subproject. As of April 2017, the current updated PESMP is revision 6 and this version supersedes all previously disclosed versions.
The diagram below shows the hierarchy of environmental and social safeguards instruments culminating in the development of the CESMPs which specifically details how the contractor will implement the requirements of the PESMP and the conditions of the Development Consent for their area of works and the higher-level instruments, policies and country safeguards systems. Issues, impacts and mitigation measures identified in superseded PESMPs are incorporated into subsequent versions unless they have been addressed through design or other means, in which case this is identified in the PESMP. The Contractors are required to comply with this PESMP and all conditions set forth in the Development Consent and use it to identify and guide what mitigation measures need to be implemented. The CESMP will document implementation and specific measures that will be used based on their construction methodology (if different from that identified in Section 3). The CESMP is, in turn, a dynamic document and must be updated as and when scope, design or circumstances change, cleared and disclosed as appropriate.
This PESMP Revision 6 will be included with the Contractor procurement bid documents for the SAIP.
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WB OP/BP 4.01 Environmental Assessment WB OP/BP 4.12 Involuntary Resettlement
Pacific Aviation Investment Project Environmental and Social Management Framework (updated June 2013)
Planning and Urban Management Act (including Development Consent conditions), Codes of Environmental Practice and other relevant Samoan legislation
Samoa Aviation Investment Project Environmental and Social Management Plan (PESMP) – Faleolo International Airport (APW)
Civil Works (Pavement, Pavements Temporary Navigational Aids and Drainage, Aprons, AGL Civil Repairs – Contractors Lighting Upgrade – Infrastructure) – Environmental and Social Contractor’s Contractors Environmental Management Plan Environmental and Social and Social Management (CESMP) Management Plan Plan (CESMP) (CESMP)
Figure 1: SAIP Safeguard Instrument Hierarchy
2.3.2 PESMP Methodology
The following documents have been reviewed in the process of producing this PESMP:
INECO-SMEC Environmental Management Plan for Airport Pavements (Version 5) June 2016 AECOM Integrated Environmental and Social Management Plan – Faleolo International Airport February 2016 CB Group SAIP PAIP Final Report: Environmental Management Plan (Section 3) and Social Assessment (Section 4) October 2013 INECO-SMEC Draft Detailed Design Report August 2016 TFSU Draft SAIP Design and Build Technical Requirements (Section 6 of the Contract for the Design and Build of Faleolo International Airport Pavements) December 2016 Drainage Study Codes of Environmental Practice EHS Guidelines Information from the above documents and technical consultations have been used to assist in identifying the impacts and mitigation measures for this document.
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In addition to the above document review, the author met with WB representatives; reviewed comments and feedback to date on environmental and social safeguard documentation; undertook a site visit to Faleolo International Airport; met with Planning and Urban Management Agency (PUMA) and liaised with SAA SAIP Project Support Team (SAA PST).
This PESMP is a dynamic document that can inform the design and be modified accordingly as the design is finalised (and subsequently reissued). At this stage of the APW design process, the detailed design for the temporary repair works are completed and ready for implementation, the detailed design for the airfield lighting and navigational aids are completed and will be subject to tender and the detailed design work for the main pavement works are partially completed and technical specifications for the completion of the designs have been produced. The designs are subject to completion by the successful Contractor. These will be addressed and updated in this PESMP once the design build contract has been awarded and the plans have been finalised.
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3 DESCRIPTION OF WORKS
This section is informed by the relevant Technical Requirements section of the current Contractors Design and Build bid documentation.
3.1 CURRENT SITUATION
3.1.1 Pavements
The runway was last resurfaced in 2000 with an asphalt concrete (AC) and the apron was resurfaced with AC and extended at the same time. At the outset of implementation programme, field investigations were undertaken on the runway, taxiways and apron. The AC surface is crowned with a cross fall towards both edges, a steep bank exists on the south side and a slope to the sea and coastline on the north side. In March 2016, the runway was rated ‘poor’ to ‘very poor’ in the central zone and on the RWY 08 turning node. Some sample areas of the runway were close to becoming ‘serious’ due to the severity of the cracking that exists. The outer 15m zones are general rated as being in ‘fair’ condition. Overall the asphalt surface is oxidised and embrittlement of the surfacing has begun with notable defects such as extensive longitudinal cracking and block cracking. Mechanical defects in the form of slippage and alligator cracking are noted throughout.
There are significant alligator cracks in the proximity of the wheel paths along the full length of the runway, this increase in severity and density in the touchdown zones. Taxiway A is in a ‘very poor’ condition with low severity alligator cracking evident across the majority of the pavement surface in the wheel track zones. Taxiway B is in a ‘fair’ condition.
The apron AC surface exhibits a number of defects including block cracking, alligator cracking, slippage cracking and depressions. The passenger apron varies from ‘fair’ to ‘serious’ with Bay 2 (the predominant jet parking position) being in ‘serious’ condition due to excessive slippage cracking. The most significant failures occur in the wheel tracking areas of the taxilane to the rear apron.
3.1.2 Drainage
The existing drainage system that channels runoff from the inland area to the ocean, under the airport, consist of nine concrete culverts placed at both sides of the runway (see Figure 2) and several open swale drains. The Main West Coast Road surrounds and connects the airport to the rest of the inland. The road stands on the way of the water flow from the inland to the airport. The Main West Coast Road drainage doesn’t prevent water flow from the inland to the airport.
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Figure 2: Location of nine current culvert drains under the runway (Source: Google Earth Pro, dated April 2015)
The existing drainage system is considered to have backflow problems during high tidal events due to the proximity of APW to the sea and the low invert levels. Storm water runoff generated during large rainfall events, combined with high tides, is known to cause flooding on the runway, in particular at the culverts placed close to the centre of the airfield where the lowest runway levels.
As a result of the new Terminal Building and the associated increase in impervious surface area, proposed revised levels of the existing apron, and new apron extension area, the apron drainage will require enhancement.
3.2 DESCRIPTION OF WORKS
3.2.1 Overview of Works
The SAIP works program consists of investments entirely within the existing APW airport boundary and consists of the following primary tasks, allocated under three separate lots :
Lot 1 - Temporary surface treatments; Lot 2 – Main Runway Works: a) Design and undertake rehabilitation airside pavements, specifically: i. Replace failed asphalt surfacing materials; ii. Upgrading of existing airport pavements to Code E strength; iii. Extend apron areas; iv. Rehabilitate and structurally enhance the taxilane;
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v. Rehabilitate and structurally enhance Taxiway A; and vi. Upgrade RWY 08 turning node suitable for Code E operations. b) Upgrade to the airfield drainage system; c) Installation of civil infrastructure for airfield lighting upgrade; d) Make redundant the existing, design and then install a new refuelling system; e) Design and replace all high mast lighting impacted by the new terminal development aerobridges; and f) Install a new airside road at the proposed terminal frontage; Lot 3 - Upgrade navigational aids, airfield lighting, ATC communication systems and airfield generator and power system.
Design for the pavement works have been partially completed prior to December 2016 and are being tendered subject to a design and build contract for the successful bidder to complete the design process and undertake the physical construction.
3.2.2 Lot 1: Temporary Surface Treatments
In 2012, pavement evaluations at APW showed that the existing condition of the asphalt would result in rapid deterioration and further cracking. The asphalt surfacing had prematurely cracked following works in 2000 probably resulting from inadequate compacting of the granular base and/or ineffective design/construction of the asphalt layer. SAA have previously carried out some crack sealing repair work in with project assistance to extend the life of the pavements while the final pavement designs were developed.
The pavement inspections in March 2016 identified approximately 1 km of badly cracked runway pavement areas requiring urgent rehabilitation. This is scheduled to commence in early 2017 and completed prior to the contract for the main works being awarded. It has been tendered under a separate contract. It is proposed that up to 5km of cracks will be repaired using a 185 litre (minimum) towed sealant kettle. The kettle itself will be heated using an LPG fuelled insulating oil jacket. Following cleaning of the cracks, a bituminous material will be hot applied to the cracks and sealed using proprietary polymer modified bitumen. To ensure good adherence, these works must not be carried out during wet weather or when there is moisture on the ground in the area of works as the cracks must be dry.
Further maintenance repair works are to be undertaken prior to the main works is the replacement of up to 750m² of defective patches of asphalt on the apron. The areas of defective asphalt will be cold milled using a planing machine to a uniform depth. The machine shall incorporate a rotary cutting drum with a cutting width of at least 0.5m. Once the milling is complete, a tack coat of bitumen emulsion will be applied to all existing and prepared surfaces on or against which asphalt is to be placed. All vertical surfaces and edges shall receive 2 full applications of tack coat. The asphalt will then be placed, compacted and finished on the prepared surface.
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3.2.3 Lot 2: Design and rehabilitate airside pavements
The design for the pavement areas (Figure 3) are still in development and are still subject to completion by the successful D&B Contractor. Designs as they are known to date (December 2016) are described in this section, however, once the final detailed designs are available they will be updated in this PESMP.
THR 08 THR 26
TWY B TWY A TWY C Hangar Eastern Apron Western Apron Fire Station Terminal Cargo
Figure 3: APW general existing airport layout (Source: Aerial photography from Google Earth Pro, dated 4 January 2015 via AECOM SAIP IESMP.)
3.2.3.1 Runway As the runway has varying condition rating levels across its length and width and, as such, the runway has been divided into five sections, each subject to different design concepts:
Section 1: Threshold 08 Runway Stopway Area. The 300m length of stopway is not proposed for asphaltic overlay. This area requires surface rejuvenation treatment to assess and mitigate environmental defects.
Section 2: Runway West Side (chainage 0 to 800m from the runway 08 threshold). It is considered that the pavement in this area will require both a mill and fill and an overlay. The final surface layer will have a minimum thickness of 65mm in wheel tracking areas to mitigate shear forces and potential slippage cracking. On the runway shoulders, an unbound pavement construction with a two coat chipseal and sand emulsion surfacing is expected. Runway strip works will be undertaken to match new levels.
Section 3: Runway Central Section (800m to 1500m). It is considered that the pavement in this area will require both a mill and fill and an overlay. This section of pavement is in better condition than other parts of the runway, possibly due to good sub surface drainage. It is a requirement that the final surface layer will have a minimum thickness of 65mm in wheel trafficking areas to mitigate shear forces and potential slippage cracking. On the runway shoulders, an unbound pavement construction with a two coat chipseal and sand emulsion surfacing is expected. Runway strip works will be undertaken to match new levels.
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Section 4: Runway East Section (1500m to 2750m). It is considered that this pavement will require both a mill and fill and an overlay. It is considered that the pavement in this area will require both a mill and fill and an overlay. The final surface layer will have a minimum thickness of 65mm in wheel tracking areas to mitigate shear forces and potential slippage cracking. On the runway shoulders, an unbound pavement construction with a two coat chipseal and sand emulsion surfacing is expected. Runway strip works will be undertaken to match new levels.
Section 5: Runway 26 End Section (2750m to 3000m). It is considered that the pavement in this area will require a mill and fill and an overlay. However, given the aircraft traffic cycling and the likelihood most arrival/departure movements on runway 08 use the Taxiway B, this section is considered to have a reduced number of design movements. The final surface layer will have a minimum thickness of 65mm in wheel tracking areas to mitigate shear forces and potential slippage cracking. On the runway shoulders, an unbound pavement construction with a two coat chipseal and sand emulsion surfacing is expected. Runway strip works will be undertaken to match new levels.
All upgrades to the runway will be consistent with the required specifications for safely accomodating Code E aircraft.
All paint markings will progressively disappear as a consequence of the surfacing works. The Contractor will reinstate the markings throughout the overlay and surfacing of the airfield pavements, appropriate for Code E operations.
3.2.3.2 Apron Widening of the apron in front of the new terminal development and an extension to the east is required in order to accommodate three nose-in parking for 2 x Code C stands and 1 x Code E (see Figure 4) stand and Ground Service Equipment (GSE) movements including the passenger boarding bridges (PBB). Initial design estimates require approximately 10,000m2 of additional apron pavement area and is to be confirmed in the final design layout plans.
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Figure 4: Proposed new configuration of APW apron. (Source: INECO-SMEC Draft Detailed Design Report, July 2016)
A new two-way service road will be provided in front of the new terminal building. It will consist of two lanes of 3.5m width.
3.2.3.3 Taxiway A and Taxilane Taxiway A and the Taxilane demonstrate defects and the pavement, or its layering makeup in these areas, may not have the required structural performance for the design aircraft and forecast traffic movements. The Contractor is requested to give due consideration to the incorporation of subsoil drainage, re-use of existing pavement materials, and improved geometrics in their design. This will then form the basis upon which a strengthened pavement profile can be adopted.
The Contractor is required to install subsoil drainage throughout the location to improve subgrade and sub-base material performance. The taxiway will also require shoulder design suitable to address jetblast requirements. On the shoulders, an unbound pavement construction with a two coat chipseal and sand emulsion surfacing is expected. Taxiway strip works will be undertaken to match new levels.
3.2.3.4 Taxiway B It is considered that this area will require an overlay as a minimum.
3.2.3.5 RWY 8 Turning Node The runway 08 end turning node is to be widened to accommodate a code E aircraft. The turning node requires a shoulder design suitable to address jetblast requirements. On the shoulders, an unbound pavement construction with a two coat chipseal and sand emulsion surfacing is expected. Runway strip works will be undertaken to match new levels.
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3.2.4 Lot 2: Upgrade to Airfield Drainage Systems
Three elements to the upgrades of the drainage system have been proposed for design to alleviate the various flooding issues (see 3.1.2) that APW is subject to. These are:
a) New link from apron to grass island to easternmost outfall. The current design has identified a need for additional discharge capacity at the eastern end of the runway to improve site drainage. The Contractor is required to install a new sump and connection from the grass island between the taxiways to the swale and outfall as shown in Figure 5. The connection is required to have a minimum standard discharge of 0.35m3/s.
Figure 5: Proposed new connection culvert between existing culverts 8 and 9. (Source: Design and Build Technical Specifications, Dec 2016)
b) A new culverted outfall on eastern RESA and a swale widening. The current design has identified a need for additional discharge capacity at the eastern end of the runway to improve site drainage. The Contractor is required to install a new outfall from the swale. The connection is required to have a minimum standard discharge of 1.83m3/s. The culvert will require suitable headwall and scour protection at either end. The Contractor is required to install tidal check valves at the end of the proposed and existing outfalls in this location. c) Apron drainage. The new apron configuration will affect the existing drainage system. Therefore, a drainage assessment shall be done by the Contractor and a new design of apron drainage shall be proposed. Water run off will be directed into the existing drainage systems between taxiway A and B, except for a region of approximately 3,000m2 in front of the new terminal building. As per the current designs, a lot drain is required directly in front of the terminal to capture storm water run off form the airport parking apron. This is to outlet to the west of the apron to existing swale infrastructure. d) Extension of the culvert coming from the new terminal building to integrate with the drainage under the extended apron area to the east.
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3.2.5 Lot 2: Installation of civil works for airfield lighting
3.2.5.1 AGL Runway Edge Lights: all elevated and inset edge lights will be raised to the new pavement surface level with new ducts to be installed in the shoulder perpendicular to the runway centreline, from the existing bases to a point at least 1m from the pavement edge. This will be designed in coordination with AGL design consultant (see Section 3.2.7.1). The existing cable is to run through the new duct and the existing fitting and transformer to be reinstated.
Threshold 8 lights and REIL: existing threshold lights are to be raised to the new pavement surface levels. A new duct bank will be installed to facilitate the installation of new light bases and fittings for new lights at a later date.
Turning node 08 edge lights: New light base and ducting to be installed for the widened turning node. Ducting also needs installing to connect inset runway edge lighting and new REIL lighting in this area.
Taxiway, Taxilane and Apron: new light bases and ducting to be installed to cater for the new alignment of these pavements. Guard lights are also to be installed. A new duct bank is to be installed crossing underneath Taxiway A and B to accommodate AGL cabling for the airfield.
Threshold 26 lights and REIL: existing threshold lights are to be raised to new pavement surface levels. New ducting is required in the pavement to connect the threshold lights and REIL to a new chamber, both north and south of the runway edge.
3.2.5.2 Apron Floodlighting The pavement works on the apron area and changes to apron stand configuration will make all five of the current apron floodlights redundant. The location of new floodlights is to be confirmed by the Contractor and the Contractor shall design and install all infrastructure associated with the new floodlighting (ducting, cabling, foundation, columns, mounting, luminaries, Montrose box, circuit boards, etc).
3.2.6 Lot 2: Refuelling system
The improvement and expansion of the apron will require the removal of existing fuel hydrant pits and the suitable redundancy of the existing infrastructure by filling with. The existing piping system will be purged of fuel and infilled with flowable concrete to make redundant. All stands on the apron are to be provided with fuel pits, the existing apron has a fuel network relative to current aircraft stand configuration.
The existing fuel hydrant pits shall be complete demolished and replaced by a new main fuel line, valves, hydrant fuelling lines and other necessary equipment. Four emergency shut downs will also be provided and shall be accessible quickly by ramp personnel within 25-30m of the aircraft stand.
The number of pits provided per stand is indicated as follows:
Stand 1 Stand 2 Stand 3 Stand 4 Stand 5
3 pits 2 pits 2 pits 1 pit 2 pits
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3.2.7 Lot 3: Navigation Aids, Airfield Lighting, ATC Communications Systems and Power Supply
These works are being carried out under a separate contract from the above activities, however the relevant design components (see Section 3.2.5) will be developed in cooperation between the Contractors.
3.2.7.1 Airfield Lighting A detailed construction methodology for the airfield lighting upgrade project has not been confirmed. However, in general, construction work associated with Airfield Lighting involves, full runway length, narrow gauge trenching at either runway edge, 45m from the centreline or 75 metres from the centreline. Cabling may be direct buried or ducted as per final design.
There will be installation of cable pits at approximately 150m spacing if ducted. There will be smaller pits located near each light or group of lights to house transformers and switching equipment. There will be small volumes of excavated earth, basecourse, sand, soil and concrete used in construction. These materials will be handled in accordance with this PESMP.
Connection of services prior to commissioning will be staged, with each element tested for operational capability beforehand. Disruption to Airline services is not expected. Disruption to Air Traffic Control will be agreed prior.
3.2.7.2 Generators and Power Distribution Installation of a Generator is expected to be a turnkey installation, constructed offsite and with all health and safety requirements inbuilt. A separate fuel tank meeting all regulations is expected to be an integral part of the installation. As all safety aspects will be constructed and tested offsite, this minimises any potential effects / accidents during installation relating to fuel systems, fuel leakage, contamination etc. It also provides minimum down time in regards to unavailability of a generator during the actual installation process.
Switchboards installed as part of the programme and are expected to cause minimal disruption to operations during installation due to careful time planning to avoid Airline traffic periods. The exact MOWP has not been drafted (design is not yet completed), but the use of temporary portable generators or alternate power sources during switchboard installations is likely.
3.2.7.3 NAVAID Systems ILS System: New ILS systems are be installed as part of this package. Only minor civil works for antenna and building foundation work will be required.
NDB systems: The Non-Direction Beacon system will require new mast foundations to be constructed to facilitate rotation of the beacon. With the new alignment of the NDB, there may be a requirement to remove some trees/vegetation. The need for and extend of any vegetation removal will be detailed in the CESMP and the justification for this removal will need to satisfy national and bank requirements.
VOR Systems: A new VOR system may be required at APW should the current equipment be determined as needing replacement. Should this design element be included in the final package, a new site for the VOR would be needed as the size of the existing site would require complete removal of the current equipment before the new system could be installed. This would leave the
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airport with no operating VOR for an unacceptable period. Should it be needed, three potential sites have been earmarked as suitable locations (Figure 6):
1. A preferred option behind the Glidepath. Green circle on the photo.
a. this is a tree free area on the airfield, except for some trees to the north of the airport fence, by the NDB site.
b. may require a small rise in ground to be “cut into” to reduce the maximum obstruction height of the building given it’s proximity to the runway. Excavated soil and rock will need to be removed and disposed of offsite.
2. A location midway between Rescue Fire Station (RFS) and Control Tower. Red circle on the photo.
a. this area requires nothing special in the way of foundation excavations being essentially flat ground
b. may require trees to the south to be removed within 200 metres of the site should them impede on line-of-sight.
3. Reusing the existing CVOR site. This is the least desired location due to:
a. the proximity of the sea
b. the small site size, necessitating removal of the existing equipment first.
c. an unacceptable period of time with no operative VOR on the airport
d. no trees need removal.
Each will need to be detailed as to earthworks required. All trees within the green / red circles are within the property boundaries of the SAA and are not privately owned.
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Figure 6: Potential sites for new VOR installations
3.3 ALTERNATIVES
Alternatives to the proposed methodology of taxi lane A rehabilitation was considered, with the proposal being made to demolish the taxi way and rebuild on a new substrate. This has been rejected due to the associated costs and the availability of a more cost effective and practical long term solution. It is instead proposed that the drainage of the subsoil beneath taxi way A be improved providing a more suitable base for a strengthened pavement profile.
Other design alternatives are subject to the final design stage of the main runway works and will be selected based on appropriate design solutions and budgetary constraints. The designs and proposed construction methodology have been selected based on the most effective use of natural resources, labour, ease of ongoing maintenance, effects on the local environment and community.
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The ‘no action’ alternative would result in diminished aviation safety and the further degradation of the airport pavements, increasing the likelihood that airlines would cease to fly into APW. The ‘no action’ alternative would likely cause negative impacts to the socio-economic environment of Samoa and is not considered an appropriate option.
3.4 CONSTRUCTION METHODOLOGY
The detailed design work for the pavement works has been partially developed and is now subject to completion on the award of the D&B contract for these works. The contract for the temporary pavement treatments has now been awarded and the final plans are subject to review and approval. The navigation aids and lighting contract has been awarded and design plans are being finalised.
A detailed construction methodology for APW SAIP works has not been finalised. Where information regarding construction methodology has been provided in the supporting documentation this has been documented and assessed as part of this PESMP development.
3.4.1 Method of Works Plan
The Method of Works Plan (MOWP) is a required document for any major construction works within the boundaries of an airport. The MOWP sets out the operational requirements for maintaining a functioning airport throughout the construction process. It includes the concessions and alternative arrangements that may need to be made (e.g. alternative aircraft parking apron) and staging of the construction process while ensuring the safety and security of all personnel, the community and aircraft and continued operation of the airport throughout construction works.
3.4.2 Equipment
Specialised equipment such as the asphalt plant (including dust scrubber), paver and milling machine will need to be imported for the SAIP project. It is likely that general construction equipment such as excavators and rollers can be sourced locally.
All cargo, whether air or ship, will need to be processed in accordance with Samoan quarantine and customs laws which require fumigation (proof of) of materials and equipment and declarations by personnel (specifically regarding communicable diseases).
3.4.3 Aggregate Supply
Large volumes of aggregate will be needed to complete the pavement works with smaller volumes required for the temporary repairs, runway lighting and air navigational aids, etc. The sources and estimated volumes of the different types of aggregate (basalt and coronous) and materials required for these works will be stipulated in the relevant CESMPs.
It is expected that basalt aggregate materials and coronous aggregates will be sourced locally from existing quarries on Upolu which can potentially supply the necessary materials. It is not anticipated that any aggregates will need to be imported for the SAIP works.
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(COEP 8). The COEP 8 provides a guideline to the Contractors for selecting and renewing quarries which must be, along with the relevant COEP and the requirements in the PESMP, adhered to ensure compliance with WB safeguard policies. Prior to any new or re-opened quarries being used for the SAIP project, public consultation will be completed with any affected parties relating to each quarry site.
QUARRY ASSESSMENT
Testing of aggregate supplies (from local quarries and deposits) has yet to be undertaken for SAIP, however a quarry assessment report1 was completed in 2013 for 6 basalt quarries in relation to the West Coast Road project. This report details the quarry site, geotechnical descriptions and processing capability for Ulia, Ott, Lalomanu, Le Mafa, Alafua and Saleimoa quarries. Of these 3 quarries, Lalomanu Le Mafa, and Alafua were not operational in 2015. Test are needed to determine the most suitable source for the requirements of the pavement upgrades. The Contractors are required to use quarries which are permitted and material supply companies with valid operating licenses.
At the start of the SAIP design works, three quarry sites close to APW were investigated to determine legality of the operation and known environmental or social constraints. Saleimoa is a freehold quarry operated by Apia Concrete Products and excavates basalt. This quarry has a crushing plant in situ and has instituted some form of surface water control with all runoff from the quarry floor being captured by a surface cut off drain and diverted into a sump from where the water can natural drain through natural fractures within the basalt. Alafua quarry was operational as of 2015 and would require a new development consent in order to re-open. At the time of the 2013 report, the crushing plant at Alafua was in a poor state of repair and no surface water or environmental controls had been installed at the site.
The location of these quarries in relation to APW are shown in Figure 7.
FALEOLO INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT
APPROX. LOCATION OF SALEIMOA APPROX. QUARRY LOCATION OF ALAFUA QUARRY
Figure 7: Approximate location of quarries assessed for SAIP works. (Source: AECOM SAIP IESMP, July 2016)
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The most recent feedback from PUMA (November 2015) regarding environmental and social constraints associated with two of the proposed quarry locations is presented in Table 1.
Table 1: Potential quarry sites for aggregate source – constraints and opportunities
Quarry Site Constraints/ Opportunities Status and Recommendations Saleimoa Quarry - Dust generation and noise complaints requiring ‘Existing use’ right (Privately owned) PUMA intervention. Issues to be addressed before quarry can continue operating. Recommendation: Preferred source. - Licenced to Apia Concrete Products Testing be undertaken to confirm - Strength designation of rock is very high to suitability of aggregate. extremely high2. Alafua Quarry - No known constraints or opportunities. Closed. New Development Consent (Government - Quarry rock generally suitable for building and application required (EIA required). owned) road construction but may contain weak to Application would be required to meet moderately strong material not recommended COEP8 and include a Quarry for high stress applications3. Management Plan.
Recommendation: Site environmental screening assessment to determine any site constraints which would make consenting or operation difficult and unlikely to succeed.
3.4.4 Construction Camps and Laydown Areas
The construction camp is not a workers residential camp. The construction camp consists of the site offices, storage and associated facilities. The final selection of lay down sites and location of asphalt plant have yet to be confirmed, but three potential sites have been proposed on the southern side of the runway (Figure 8) – one potential site to the east of the western apron and two to the east of the eastern apron. The final sites will be confirmed and will be included in the CESMP.
2 Tawake, A.K. and Talia, L., 2007. Samoa, Technical Report on Aggregate Sources Assessment in Selected Part of Upolu and Savai’I Islands. EU-EDF8 – SOPAC Project Report 74. Available from http://ict.sopac.org/VirLib/ER0074.pdf 3 Tawake, A.K. and Talia, L., 2007. Samoa, Technical Report on Aggregate Sources Assessment in Selected Part of Upolu and Savai’I Islands. EU-EDF8 – SOPAC Project Report 74. Available from http://ict.sopac.org/VirLib/ER0074.pdf 30 Revision 6 v4 – April 2017 Adapted from AECOM IESMP APW Aug 2016
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Figure 8: Three potential locations for Construction Camp highlighted in red
The construction camp should be utilised by all project Contractors at differing times so the scale of the camp will vary. The greatest land area required will be for the pavement works (runway) component of the SAIP as the equipment and aggregate requirements are the greatest. The estimated area required for the duration of the construction works has yet to be confirmed.
The exact details of the size and site management (health and safety, solid waste management, water management and wastewater management) will need to be decided by the Contractors in consultation with SAA. Final approval of these details will be documented and approved in the CESMP before the construction camp and lay down areas can be set up
All construction camps are subject to the prescription in COEP 5 and the description of the construction camps in the CESMP must reflect these requirements as well as those set out in this PESMP. Specifically, section 5.3.3 of COEP 5 defines the minimum facilities that must be provided at the camps. This must be delivered in a Construction Camp Development Plan as per section 5.3.4 and must include dismantling and restoration of the camp.
Construction camp size should be kept to a minimum, be fenced and materials and equipment kept secure to prevent access and use by non-authorised personnel.
Vegetation clearance along with temporary or existing hard stand areas for stock pilings and bunded areas (secondary containment) for hazardous substance storage will need to be constructed as appropriate. It should be noted that the specifications call for self bunded fuel and asphalt storage tanks. Any bunded area is to be as defined by the International Finance Corporation (IFC), environmental, health and safety guidelines as “appropriate secondary containment structures consist of berms, dikes, or walls capable of containing the larger of 110% of the largest tank or 25%
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percent of the combined tank volumes in areas with above-ground tanks with a total storage volume equal or greater than 1,000 L and will be made of impervious, chemically resistant material”4.
Prior to the establishment of the asphalt plant, consideration should be made on where the asphalt plant is to be located as it can produce nuisances such as noise and a mercaptan odour. If located away from communities, the social impacts should be minimal. The location will be clearly noted in the CESMP and subject to WB clearance.
Noise, dust, wastewater production, vibration and increased traffic are impacts that can negatively affect communities and sensitive receptors (settlement to the east, wetlands to the west of and the coastline to the north of APW and groundwater); these potential impacts will need to be considered when identifying the location of the construction camp and laydown areas.
While it is not anticipated that there will be a need for a residential workers camp to be established for the works at APW, it is prudent to be aware of the necessary steps required to install or upgrade an existing workers camps should this become necessary for any reason. These steps include adhering the national minimum standard described in COEP 5 and also adhering the guidelines which have been included Appendix G. Should a worker camp be required then these requirements must be implemented and updates made to the PESMP and CESMP as appropriate for approval.
3.4.5 Haul Routes
Transport to and from the site and the construction camp, particularly of materials and equipment, must occur on the existing road network and measures undertaken to prevent accidents, dust, spillages, noise and vibration nuisance (e.g. wheel wash, covering of loads, servicing of vehicles). Deviations from the nominated access routes will not be tolerated. Access to work areas can be via the airfield, so long as the route is approved by SAA and identified in the MOWP.
It is likely that the West Coast Road (WCR) will be used as part of the aggregate haulage route. To ensure the protection of the road, the Contractor will be required to have a waybridge located at the selected quarry. The waybridge should be independently operated and the weight of each truck recorded. No overloaded trucks shall be permitted to depart the quarry. The WCR is undergoing rehabilitation works and should the haulage of aggregates occur after the WCR works are completed, then the Contractor is required to develop a haulage route which minimises the use of the WCR.
If the transport of material or equipment is likely to impact on normal pedestrian and vehicle traffic or pose an increased safety hazard, consideration should be given to moving these items during off peak times. Measures such as prohibiting the use of engine breaking and use of speed control in and close to settlements can be implemented to reduce noise, speed and vibration near sensitive receptors (Section 6.4). Once quarries and haul routes have been identified, the CESMP should assess these requirements and any necessary measures will be reflected in the Traffic Management Plan (Section 7.3). The TMP is to include provisions for evaluation of haulage route road condition before during and after haulage to determine whether repairs to the road surface by the Contract is required prior to demobilisation. Should peak time transportation of materials be necessary, it is
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important to communicate this in a meaningful manner to the sensitive receptors along the route, particularly those on any unsealed roads where additional traffic management may be necessary.
3.4.6 Hazardous Substances
Hard stand areas must be available for storage of hazardous substances and other vehicles, machinery or equipment that poses a potential risk to the environment (e.g. leaking lubricant from machinery). All workshop areas and bunded areas should be roofed. Runoff from hard stand areas used to store machinery will need to be collected and treated (e.g. oil water separator) to prevent contamination of soil or water bodies. Hazardous substances (e.g. fuel, lubricants, oil or paint) must be stored in a bunded area.
3.4.7 Waste
Solid waste in the form of general waste, recyclable and non-recyclable inorganic waste, organic biodegradable waste, hazardous waste and construction waste will be generated by project activities.
The largest consented landfill on Upolu is the Tafaigata landfill managed by the Solid Waste Management (SWM) Department of the MNRE, located 10km east of APW in a relatively remote agricultural area and is well connected by feeder roads to Apia and other areas. The facility handles all the municipal waste from Upolu and is relatively large and well laid out covering an area of over 30 hectares5. The landfill has recycling materials segregation and storage area, a hazardous waste incinerator, waste water lagoons and a landfill4.
In addition to the above waste streams, disused material will be generated (from the temporary repair works, the final pavement works, and potentially from the civil works for airfield lighting and NAVAIDS) in the form of asphalt millings concrete rubble and surplus materials from excavations. Most of the clean fill material can either be used to backfill areas where old equipment or infrastructure has been removed or as a resource (e.g. crushed asphalt and basecourse material) for general use by SAA or PWD and the community. Clean fill materials which are not able to be reused within the timeframe of the project implementation shall be transported to a location approved by the Ministry of Works, Transport and Infrastructure (MWTI) to be stored for future use by the Ministry. This location shall also be subject to approval by the Client’s Consulting Engineer. These materials shall be removed from the site area and safely disposed of in compliance with any local requirements at the Employer’s nominated disposal site(s) and/or disposed of at the Contractor’s quarry site(s), before the start of the defects liability period.
The Contractor must develop a Solid Waste Management Plan (SWMP) (section 8.9) for all generated waste streams, to be submitted as part of the CESMP for clearance by the Supervision Engineer. At all times, the Contractor is responsible for the safe and sound disposal of all solid waste generated by the Works.
Unless otherwise instructed by the Client’s Consulting Engineer, other surplus materials not needed during the defects liability period shall be removed from the site and the country.
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There is no reticulated sewer network on the island, septic tanks are utilised. Therefore, if access to existing airport facilities are not available, any temporary toilets and disposal or treatment of wastewater will need to be in accordance with the MNRE SWM Department, Client’s Consulting Engineer and SAA (site location) advice.
3.4.8 Health and Safety
All occupational health and safety requirements as per WB EHS and GoS law must be in place and workers trained in necessary procedures (e.g. spill response plan). The OHS Code of Practice in Appendix G has been designed to reinforce existing GoS health and safety law and must be applied to all aspects of the SAIP project
Civil works shall not commence until the Client’s Consulting Engineer has approved the OHS plan, the Safety Officer is mobilized and on site, and staff have undergone induction training. Details of the expected content of the OHS Plan and expected practices of the Contractor with regards to health and safety are stipulated Code of Practice in Appendix G and summarized in section 7.3.1.
3.4.9 Duration and Timing of Construction Activities
The work has been divided into three contract – the temporary surface treatments (awarded), the airfield lighting and navigational aids (pending tender) and the main pavement and civil infrastructure works (pending tender). It is anticipated that the temporary surface treatments works will commence in December 2016 and last between four to six months. As the contracts for the main works and for the AGL and NAVAIDs has not yet been awarded, the timing and duration is not yet finalised, however it is anticipated that the main runway works will commence in September 2017 for 12 months and the third contract will start in July 2017 for 8 months. These tentative schedules are subject to change.
Normal working hours in Samoa are Monday to Saturday, 7am to 6pm. Working on a Sunday or Public Holiday is not recommended and would likely only be approved if urgently required for safety purposes and with the approval of the Client’s Consulting Engineer. It is expected that the runway pavement works will need to be completed outside of normal working hours, including over night, to work around flight schedules to ensure safe operations of the airstrip for incoming and outgoing aircraft. All flight and construction scheduling must be coordinated with air operators through SAA as documented in the MOWP.
For works outside normal hours, approval must be obtained from SAA/MNRE and residents within 100 m of APW must be notified 5 days before works take place. Careful consideration must be given to keeping nearby communities informed of any night works with regard to nature of noise and likely duration.
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4 POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK
4.1 NATIONAL REQUIREMENTS
Table 2 presents a summary of national legislation that is relevant to the SAIP and all components. The primary piece of environmental legislation in Samoa is the Planning and Urban Management Act 2004 (PUM Act 2004). Part V of the PUM Act 2004, specifically Section 37, requires consent for development within Samoa (a Development Consent). The process for determining whether a Development Consent is required and the application process are detailed in the Planning and Urban Management (Environmental Impact Assessment) Regulations (2007). This defined further in Section 3.2. The application for consent is required to be submitted once the final design of the works has been confirmed.
A series of Codes of Environmental Practice (COEPs) have been developed which provide the standards for avoiding or mitigating adverse environmental impacts associated with development project planning, design, construction and maintenance.
4.2 DEVELOPMENT CONSENTS All developments in Samoa require Development Consent and shall be submitted to PUMA for assessment before a determination is made. No works are to be undertaken until a Development Consent is secured. The Development Consent application form is available from the PUMA offices in Apia. Information to be included with a Development Consent application is:
1) Design drawings of the proposed development activity. 2) Site plan that will indicate the proposed activity on site, including setback(s) from the nearest boundary lines and the main road as well as any existing building structures on site. 3) If the development is on freehold land a computer folio certificate and certified survey plan are to be submitted. Development on customary land must have written consent from the family Sa’o. Development on government land requires a copy of the lease agreement and a certified survey plan be submitted. 4) EIA report. The type of EIA report is determined by the nature of the proposed activity as well as its potential and actual impacts likely to be generated. There are two types of EIA report under the EIA regulations and these include the Preliminary Environmental Assessment Report (PEAR) and a Comprehensive Environmental Assessment Report (CEAR). 5) Consent fee that is determined by the estimated cost of works. All construction components of the SAIP will require assessment for a Development Consent. As airport operator and land owner/ lessee, SAA is responsible for applying for all Development Consents (with applications supported by information supplied by design consultants and contractors as required). The approval of the Development Consent will include a series of conditions that the project must comply with. The development applicant (land owner or occupier) are responsible for ensuring their activity complies with the conditions the Development Consent. PUMA is responsible for monitoring compliance with the conditions of the Development Consents. If significant changes
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are made to the design or scope of works, these may require amendments to the original Development Consent.
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Table 2 National Legislation Relevant to the Proposed Project
Policy, Legal and Classification Details Administrative Framework General Planning and An Act to establish the PUMA within the MNRE. PUMA is the lead agency in environmental Urban environmental management, which includes social impact issues (IP and IR) and is legislation Management responsible for setting the criteria for the requirements of an EIA format, structure, Act (2004) as well as a review and consideration of findings in decisions relating to development consents. Establishes a planning agency with responsibility for implementation of a framework for planning the use, development, management and protection of land in Samoa. Part 5 Section 37 states that all development that takes place in Samoa needs consent unless a sustainable management plan or regulations provides otherwise. It specifies that a development shall not be carried out unless development consent has been obtained or unless the development is carried out in accordance with the consent. Section 42 states that PUMA may require an applicant under section 37 to provide an EIA. Initially, all projects are required to be registered with PUMA and a preliminary assessment is done to assess whether a full EIA is to be prepared. Furthermore, the development consent system requires an EIA to be prepared for large scale developments that cost above SAT$1,000,000. For these projects a PEAR is prepared and submitted to PUMA for review to determine whether a CEAR is required. All applications that do not require EIA submission will be approved by the ACEO of PUMA who is the Secretariat of the Planning and Urban Management Board (PUM Board). For applications that require EIA as supporting information, it will be publicly notified and referred to relevant authorities for assessment before it is approved by the PUM Board. EIA Planning and Under the EIA Regulations, environmental assessments are required for any public regulations Urban or private development proposal that triggers qualifying criteria. Key criteria relate Management to potential negative impacts on people, places, habitats and conservation. (Environmental Depending on the nature and scope of the development either a PEAR or a CEAR is Impact required. A PEAR is required when PUMA does not consider that significant adverse Assessment) impacts are likely, whilst a CEAR is required where likely and significant adverse Regulations impacts. (2007) Environmental Codes of While not all COEPs listed are applicable to the SAIP they cover: standards Environmental 1) Administration Procedures Practice(2007) 2) Road Planning, Design and Construction (COEP) 3) Consultation 4) Land Acquisition and Compensation 5) Construction Camps 6) Road Construction Erosion Control 7) Slope Stability 8) Quarry Development and Operations 9) Gravel Extraction 10) Coastal Protection 11) Drainage 12) Traffic Control During Construction 13) Earthworks 14) Cellular Telecommunications Facilities While not a COEP, PUMA’s Planning Policy for Noise Standards (Revised) 2011 provides the details of permitted noise levels during construction and operation phases of the project. The underlined COEPs are the ones applicable to this project. Aviation Civil Aviation To establish rules of operation and divisions of responsibility within the Samoa civil Act (1998) aviation system in order to promote aviation safety; and to ensure that Samoa’s
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Policy, Legal and Classification Details Administrative Framework obligations under international aviation agreements are implemented; and to consolidate and amend the law relating to civil aviation in Samoa. Civil Aviation International flights into, from or over Samoa territory shall be subject to the Rules (CARs) & current Samoa regulations relating to civil aviation. These regulations correspond in Regulations all essentials to the Standards and Recommended Practices contained in Annex 9 to (2000) the Convention on International Civil Aviation. Health and Occupational Application of international standards in relation to workplace safety and fair safety Safety and treatment of workers. Health (OH&S) Act (2002) Labour and Employment Relations Act (2013) Mining Land Transport Addresses operation and management of quarries, gravel pits, access roads, Authority Act roadworks or any works within a public road reserve. (2007) Natural Lands, Surveys The Act manages land allocation and management, specifically manages forest resources and and protection and regulates land use activities and diversity conservation. Establishes conservation Environment the principal functions of the MNRE which include advising the Minister on all Act (1989) aspects of environmental management and conservation including: (i) the potential environmental impact of a public or private development proposal; and (ii) to act as the advocate of environmental conservation at Government, its agencies, and other public authorities with advice on procedures for the assessment and monitoring of environmental impacts. Waste Waste Provides for the collection, disposal and management of solid waste in Samoa management Management including licensing of all operators (collection and disposal) and landfill/ dump sites, Act (2010) designation of the wastes and waste disposal sites and Water Water Provides for the management, protection and conservation of the water resources resources Resources (being surface and ground water and includes coastal waters where fresh and Management marine waters mix) of Samoa. It gives authority to Samoa Water Authority (SWA) to Act (2008) monitor and enforcement of water resource management.
4.3 INTERNATIONAL OBLIGATIONS
This section provides a list of all applicable international conventions and treaties that Samoa is a signatory to, or has endorsed. These international agreements are governed by international law and are legally binding for countries that have formally ratified them. Applicable obligations include:
– United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change 1992; – Kyoto Protocol to the Framework Convention on Climate Change 2005; – Convention on Biological Diversity 1992; – Nagoya Protocol; – Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer 1985; – Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer 1987; – United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification 1994;
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– Convention on the Protection of World Heritage and Natural Heritage 1972; – Convention on the Prior Informed Consent Procedure for Hazardous Chemicals and Pesticides in International Trade; – Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal; – Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants; – Convention of Wetlands of International Importance; – Convention on Migratory Species of Wild Animals; – Conventional on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna; – United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea; – Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety to the Convention of Biological Diversity; – International Treaty on Plant and Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture; – Minamata Convention; – Plant Protection Agreement for the South East Asia & Pacific Region; and – Strategic Approach to International Chemicals Management.
4.4 WORLD BANK POLICY
The PAIP SAIP is a category B project under WB environmental and social screening guidelines and requires development of the project specific PESMP. Due to the nature of the project it is expected that environmental impacts will be site specific, few if any are irreversible, and mitigation measures can be readily designed and implemented. In accordance with the WB Operational Policy 4.01 Environmental Assessment this PESMP includes information on mitigation, monitoring, capacity development and training, and implementation costs. The PESMP outlines the potential environmental impacts and the measures needed to prevent, minimise, mitigate or compensate for adverse impacts and improve environmental performance of the project.
The PESMP is a dynamic document which must be updated as consultation and detailed designs of the project components are finalised to ensure currently unanticipated impacts and revised mitigation measures are addressed. Effective implementation of the PESMP is a requirement of the funding agencies and local legislation so monitoring is an integral component of implementation. A Monitoring Plan is included in Section 10 (and Appendix C) of this PESMP. This PESMP is to form part of the bidding documents for contract(s) awarded under the SAIP and will form the basis of the CESMP.
All works completed for the SAIP project should be completed in compliance with the Environmental and Social Safeguard Instruments for Pacific Island Countries (World Bank, October, 2014) and the IFC Environmental, Health, and Safety Guidelines (2007) 6.
6 International Finance Corporation, 30 April 2007. Environmental, Health, and Safety General Guidelines, http://www.ifc.org/wps/wcm/connect/554e8d80488658e4b76af76a6515bb18/Final%2B- %2BGeneral%2BEHS%2BGuidelines.pdf?MOD=AJPERES 39 Revision 6 v4 – April 2017 Adapted from AECOM IESMP APW Aug 2016
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5 NATURAL AND SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT
This section is adapted from the Integrated Environmental and Social Management Plan – Faleolo International Airport (AECOM, Feb 2016)
5.1 PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT
5.1.1 Location and Geography
Samoa, formerly known as Western Samoa, is a small island developing nation located in the South Pacific between latitudes 13º and 14º south and longitude 171º and 173º west. It is an archipelago consisting of two large islands, Savai’i (1,802 km²) and Upolu (1,113 km²), and six small islets (total land area of 2,944 km²). The island group formed as a chain of shield volcanoes extend over a mild northwest to southeast axis.
Figure 9: Geographic location of Samoa. (Source: http://www.geographicguide.com/oceania-maps/samoa.htm)
Upolu the most populated of the island in the archipelago and features the county’s capital Apia. Upolu has four topographic regions: lowland regions characterised by undulating terrain which extends from sea level to 225 m; strongly sloping foothills, the uplands occurring at 600 m elevation and the highlands (up to 1,200 m).
APW (Figure 10) is located on the north-west coast of Upolu, 32 km west of Apia and covers an area of approximately 3.44 km² of relatively low-lying topography, with average elevations of 3.8 m above mean sea level. Southern and western sections of the site are higher in elevation. The site is characterised by silty to sandy clay soils of mainly basalt olivine origin, weathered to depths of 20 m.
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Figure 10: Faleolo International Airport (APW) on Upolu Island shown in relation to Apia and the Main West Coast Road. (Source: Google Earth Pro, date April 2015)
5.1.2 Climate Upolu has a very wet tropical climate, with weak seasonality in temperature and precipitation. Hot, wet summer seasons last from October to March, a slightly cooler, drier winter season occurs between April and September. Winds are predominantly north easterlies throughout the year. Average temperatures recorded at the Faleolo climate station in 2014 ranged between 18.4ºC and 36.9ºC. Precipitation levels ranged between maximum of 672.7 mm and a minimum of 22.2 mm in the same year. The cyclone season is from November to April however tropical storms and cyclones may occur at other times of the year.
5.1.3 Soil and Geology
The geology of Upolu is comprised of two main groups of volcanic rock, the Salani and Falagaloa volcanics. These are moderately to highly weathered olivine basalts and basaltic andesite rocks. Coastal plains and river floodplains in northern Upolu are comprised of recent alluvium. Soils range from silt loams to sandy clays of high natural fertility.
The topography at the APW and the immediate vicinity is composed of generally low-lying land, with average elevations of 3.8 m above mean sea level. Higher elevations occur along the southern perimeter of the site and the western end of the runway. Soils of the area are clay to silty clay textures of mainly olivine basaltic origin, weathered up to depths of 20 m.
Samoa is located in a seismically active region and therefore vulnerable to seismic events (and tsunamis).
5.1.4 Water Resources
Surface water and groundwater sources exist across most of Samoa, although their distribution is not uniform. Upolu island has about 15 more or less perennial rivers and river flow is good during the wet season whereas in the dry season, ephemeral rivers and streams begin to dry up and
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Samoa Aviation Investment Project Environmental and Social Management Plan Faleolo International Airport (APW) perennial river systems experience low flows. Upolu water resources are obtained from both surface water intakes and groundwater with the urban water supply for Apia being supplied almost entirely from surface water intakes from the Vaisigano and Fuluasou rivers. Commercial and industrial uses are limited in Samoa, and rely on the most part on the urban water supply. Rainwater catchment is less common in Samoa than in other Pacific Island countries with rainwater harvesting only practiced widely Falelupo Peninsular (north-west Savaii) and in otherwise isolated and rural households7.
Aquifers are readily available within the project site area and water supply for the airport relies solely on a borehole located near the west of the terminal from which Samoa Water Authority (SWA) operates a reticulated water supply.
5.1.5 Land Use Around APW
The area surrounding APW is predominantly used for agriculture; some residential, educational and administration properties are also in the vicinity. The northern side is composed of coastal and marine environments adjoining the Pacific Ocean further offshore. A fisheries aquaculture and nursery facility managed by the Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries (MAF) has recently been established on the north-western coast. The village of Satapuala is located to immediately east of APW and consists of a mixture of residential, hospitality and retail properties. Immediately to the west is a popular tourist destination, Aggie Grey’s Lagoon Resort and Golf Course; the village of Mulifanua is located further to the west. West Coast Road to the south runs parallel between the facilities and Satapuala forest/bush land.
A number of land use types exist close to southern parts of the APW (refer to Figure 11), including Satapuala Police Station, a district school 400 m away and a district-level hospital 500 m away. Industrial and municipal supply properties are also in the vicinity, namely SWA boreholes and water pump properties about 4.6 km away; an oil processing plant and the Olo quarry both located about 4 km and 7 km respectively. Approximately 2,800 hectares (ha) of government owned land (Samoa Trust Estates Corporation) directly to the south is leased to local villagers and is mainly used for coconut plantations and agriculture.
7 FAO. 2016. AQUASTAT website. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). Website accessed on 2016/12/14 42 Revision 6 v4 – April 2017 Adapted from AECOM IESMP APW Aug 2016
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Figure 11: Land use types in the area surrounding Faleolo International Airport (APW). (Source CB Group 2015 via AECOM SAIP IESMP)
5.1.6 Coastal Flood Hazard Zone
A significant amount of APW is close to sea level with elevations between 2 and 4 m. The area of the runway near Threshold 26 and apron are within the coastal flood hazard zones i.e. are likely to be subject to flooding either by sea or from freshwater runoff during heavy rains (CB Group, 2015). The runway and apron area is located in the lowest part of the site and there are nine cross airfield culverts and six open swale drains which form part of the drainage catchment of the area and drain water from the road, paved surfaces, inland slopes and surrounding land, to the coast (Ineco/SMEC, 2015).
Potential for flooding due to storm surges and king tides exists along the low-lying northern margins and extends over the apron area towards the northern section of the terminal building (refer Figure 12). Figure 12 has been reproduced by CB Group (2015) based on the Coastal Infrastructure Management Plans produced by MNRE and BECA International Consultants in April 2007 for Aana Alofi III District where Faleolo International Airport is located. The runway is also at risk from stormwater runoff channelled towards the coast from the parking areas, terminal, hangar, main road and inland slopes due to the difference between heights
With the exception of some sections to the west, most of the runway is within close proximity of the coast, although an engineered seawall was constructed to mitigate flood and erosion risk, it is unlikely to withstand the effects of cyclones and storm surges which can result in flooding. These events often arise rapidly with low onset predictability and can be exacerbated by the small catchment and steep slopes on Upolu which respond rapidly to heavy precipitation. SAA will be addressing the vulnerability of this seawall through a redevelopment project in the near future, however at the time of writing this report further detail on this was not available. Confirmation on the timing of the seawall redevelopment should be finalised before the end of the SAIP works with a view to long term protection of the investments.
Drainage systems diverting overland flow from the surrounding upper catchment to the ocean currently flow over and under the runway. Flooding occurs on both sides of the runway, from coastal
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Associated with floods is the risk of elevated levels of sediment, which can exacerbate flooding and land degradation. Water quality and the marine ecology within the receiving marine environment is also adversely affected by sediment laden flood waters.
Figure 12:The potential coastal flood hazard at the Faleolo International Airport (APW) (Source: CB Group, 2015 via AECOM SAIP IESMP.)
5.2 BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT
5.2.1 Marine Biodiversity
The coastline is approximately 100 m to the north of the runway. The fringing coral reef, sea grass beds, sea water surface and beach are the main ecosystems and habitats of Satapuala/Faleolo marine area. This area is known for its diversity of coral and fish communities, and other marine life which contribute to supporting tourism in the area. Fish and invertebrate resources form the basis for subsistence and artisanal lifestyles for the local people. A part of this area has been marked a conservation area for community based fishing.
Healthy coral assemblages provide natural protection from cyclonic waves reaching the shore and are composed of mainly the Acroporas and dense stands of plate corals. Shallow lagoons (average depth of 1.5 m) support abundant marine biodiversity. Common fish species include surgeonfish (Acanthurids), parrotfish (scarids), emperors and snappers (Lethrinids and lutjanids). Gastropod snails (Nerita and Littorina), zanthid crabs, bryozoans and ascidians are common in the intertidal zone. Past surveys recorded an increase of fish species richness with depth and with deeper habitats having more species than shallower sites.
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The following species are known to congregate on the runway and surrounds: the Pacific Golden Plover or Tule (Pluvialis fulva) and the Wandering Tattler or Tuli Alomamala (Heteroscelus incanus) both of which are migrant waders; and one land bird, the Pacific Black Duck or Toloa (Anas superciliosa). Their use of the airport area could potentially pose a bird strike risk to arriving or departing aircraft.
5.2.3 Conservation Areas on Upolu A number of natural conservation areas are located in Upolu, including O le Pupu-Pue National Park and Sa’anapu Conservation area located south-east of the APW and Uafato Conservation Area in the east. O le Pupu-Pue National Park is the largest protected land area on the island and protects a wide area and a range of environments, including Palolo Deep National Marine Reserve which encompasses an area of 1.4 km² and is comprised of the deep, a small land area, a fringing reef and shallow inshore fiats. However none of these areas are in close proximity to APW and will not be affected by APW upgrade works.
5.2.4 Rare or Endangered Species The 2008 International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Redlist of endangered species monitors 15 Samoan endemic and native species. Of the eight land bird species listed, one is critically endangered and possibly extinct (Gallinula pacifica). Two others are endangered and the remaining five are vulnerable. One mammal (sheath-tailed bat) is considered critically endangered; with only five individuals sighted following an extensive search after recent cyclones, their status is unconfirmed. Three turtle species, which frequent the local marine environment, are considered vulnerable.
All three of the bird species (Pacific Golden Plover, Wandering Tattler and Pacific Black Duck) known to congregate on the runway and surrounds are listed as ‘least concern’ on the IUCN Redlist of endangered species. Least concern is defined by the IUCN as evaluated but not qualified for any other category; as such they do not qualify as threatened, near threatened, or (prior to 2001) conservation dependent.
5.3 SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITIONS 5.3.1 Population and Demographics At the last census in 2011, the population was 187,826. It was estimated that by 2014 the population would have grown to 195,000. The 2011 census found 96% of the population held full Samoan citizenship with 2% holding dual citizenship and the remaining 2% not holding Samoan citizenship. Approximately 75% of the total Samoan population live on Upolu. The population is relatively young with a median age of 21 years.
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5.3.2 Education and Health Formal education is provided by the Department of Education and religious missions by way of a uniform syllabus and common examinations. In 2003 primary school enrolments were estimated to be about 98% of age-eligible and secondary school enrolments were about 62% of age-eligible students. It is estimated that nearly all students complete their primary education. In the same year, public expenditures on education were estimated at 4.8% of gross domestic product (GDP), or 14.6% of total government expenditures.
The Department of Health oversees health care on the islands is divided into 14 health districts. Diabetes and heart disease are common amongst Samoans and is largely contributed to the westernisation of the Samoan diet. Despite having a holistic view on health, immunisation rates are between 91% and 98%. Life expectancy at birth is 73.2 years.
5.3.3 Livelihoods and Economic Activities Approximately two-thirds of the labour force is engaged in agriculture, which provides 90% of the exports (coconut cream, coconut oil and copra). Limited manufacturing concentrates on refining some of the agricultural products. Traditional revenue sources were fish stocks, however, declining fish stocks challenge its reliability. Tourism is growing and now represents 25% of the GDP. The economy of Samoa has traditionally been dependent on development aid and family remittances from overseas but Samoa has recently achieved significant development progress, and now ranks highest in the region in United Nations Development Programme’s Human Development Index. GDP growth averaged 4% per annum between 1997 and 2007 and GDP per capita has increased by 50% since 1990.
5.3.4 Land Tenure and Rights Like most South Pacific island nations traditional land tenure systems are predominantly customary. The Land Titles Registration Act of Samoa was passed in 2008 and created a registration system described as a hybrid system which I s an amalgam of old deeds registration principles with more modern title registration practices. The Act adopts the Torrens registration of title system and requires the registration of public land, freehold land and customary land leases and licences, and allows the registration of customary land based on Land and Titles Court judgment.
5.4 PROJECTED CLIMATE CHANGES AND IMPACTS There are no clear trends in temperature records in Apia since records began in 1957 due to missing data. However it is probable that over the past 50 years there has been a warming air temperature trend at Apia in line with regional and global trends, partly due to the warming ocean temperatures around Samoa. Temperature increased at a rate of 2.2ºC per decade; although there has been no trend in changes to annual rainfall, year to year rainfall has become more variable. Satellite data indicates that sea level near Samoa has risen by about 4 mm per year since 1993; a figure slightly larger than the global average of 2.8 to3.6 mm per year.
Scientists from the Pacific Climate Change Science Program (PCCSP) have assessed 26 global models8; 24 of these were found to best represent the climate of the Samoa region and western tropical Pacific and have been used to develop climate projections for Samoa. The climate
8 Source: Pacific-Australia Climate Change Science and Adaptation Planning Program, 2015. Current and future climate of Samoa. Available from http://www.pacificclimatechangescience.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/3_PACCSAP-Samoa-10pp_WEB.pdf
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Figure 13 Carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations (parts per million, ppm) associated with the very low (RCP2.6), low (RCP4.5), medium (RCP6.0) and very high (RCP8.5) emissions scenarios for 20-year time periods (shaded) centred on 1995 (the reference period), 2030, 2050, 2070 and 2090.
Projections across all emission scenarios indicate Samoa will experience increases in average annual air temperature and sea surface temperature (refer Table 3). Under a very high emission scenario temperature increases are projected to be between 0.5 and 1.1ºC higher by 2030. Sea level rise is expected to continue, with projections ranging between 7 and 17 cm under very high emission scenarios in 2030. Rainfall projections suggest little change is annual rainfall however more extreme rainfall events would be expected. According to projections Samoa is likely to experience a decline in the frequency of cyclones; however, an increase in storm intensity is probable by the late 21st century.
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Table 3 Projected annual average air temperature changes (left) and sea level rise (right) for Samoa for three emissions scenarios and three time periods. Values represent 90% of the range of the models and changes are relative to the average of the period 1986-2005.
Annual Average Air Temperature Projection Annual Average Sea Level Rise Projection
2030 (ºC) 2050 (ºC) 2070 (ºC) 2090 (ºC) 2030 (cm) 2050 (cm) 2070 (cm) 2090 (cm) Very low emissions 0.4-0.9 0.5-1.1 0.4-1.1 0.3-1.2 8-17 13-30 18-44 23-59 scenario Low emissions 0.4-1.0 0.7-1.4 0.9-1.8 0.9-2.1 7-17 13-30 21-47 28-66 scenario Medium emissions 0.4-0.9 0.6-1.4 0.9-1.9 1.1-2.5 7-17 13-29 21-46 29-67 scenario Very high emissions 0.5-1.1 1.0-1.9 1.5-2.9 2.0-4.0 7-17 16-33 27-56 40-87 scenario
The projected design life is 20 years for the pavements, therefore climate projections for 2030 reflect the SAIP most appropriately. At APW, the airfield drainage comes under pressure from storm water events and currently floods during heavy rain at high tide as the culverts are also vulnerable to backflow during high tides. The projected increases in intensity of rain fall events combined with project increases in sea levels will have a bearing on the design of the improvements to the drainage system.
In addition to this, the current condition of the seawall is vulnerable to projected increasing intensity of cyclonic events and rising sea levels which, in turn, renders the SAIP investment vulnerable to these conditions. SAA have plans in process to upgrade the seawall which will provide longer term security of the investment for its projected design life. At the time of writing this PESMP version 6, the details of the seawall upgrade are not known.
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6 CONSULTATION AND STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT
6.1 BACKGROUND AND APPROACH
As required by WB Safeguards Policies consultation and disclosure of Category B projects must be undertaken with project affected groups (stakeholders) and non-government organisations (NGOs). The potential environmental and social impacts of the project require the opportunity for discussion and review during the environmental assessment/ ESMP process to inform detailed design and mitigation measures. The original EMP (CB Group, 2013) was subject to a round of public consultations conducted by CB Group in September 2013. Further to this, a round of public consultations were carried out during September 2015 by the SAA for both the SAIP works and the concurrent terminal upgrade works being undertaken by Shanghai Construction Group (SCG). Ongoing consultations will be needed to inform the communities of upcoming works and their schedules.
The scope for undertaking these future consultations for the project should include the following tasks:
- Develop the stakeholder matrix and engagement plan to identify all parties and appropriate consultation mode (e.g. interviews, focus group meetings, public meetings) for the respective stakeholders. - Consult with institutional stakeholders to ensure a whole of Government approach to the project development. This will ensure that the project plans and communication documents presented to the wider stakeholder group (e.g. local community) take into account and optimise other Government plans and priorities. - Schedule consultation with stakeholders according to the most suitable communication method and involve members of the project delivery team (e.g. design engineers, safeguards specialists) as required and dependent on the level of information required by the stakeholder group. - Document all consultation including: Manner in which notification of the consultation was announced: media(s) used, date(s), description or copy of the announcement. Date(s) and location(s) consultation(s) was (were) held. Invitation and attendance lists. (Name, Organization or Occupation, Telephone/Fax/e-mail number/address (home and/or office). Meeting agenda/ program/ schedule including list of presenters and discussion topics. Summary meeting minutes (comments, questions and response by presenters), actions and decisions. - Collate and assess all consultation outcomes in a report to feed into subsequent development of the PESMP, CESMPs and detailed designs.
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6.2 OUTCOMES OF CONSULTATIONS TO DATE
Institutional stakeholders in safeguards compliance are the implementing agency (MWTI), SAA, and PUMA. Local stakeholders are the communities surrounding the Government owned buffer zones around the airports and airport concessionaires.
Reports summarising the key outcomes of the initial public consultation lead by CB Group in September 2013 in Appendix E. The key agencies consulted included the following:
- Samoa Land Corporation (2013) - Polynesian Airlines (2013) - STEC (2013) - Samoa Water Authority (2013) - MWTI (2013) - Samoa Chamber of Commerce (2013) - MNRE (2013) - Ministry of Police (2013) - PUMA (2013) - Eveni Carruthers (2013) - IPA (2013) - Inter Island (2013) - MoF (2013) - EPC (2013) - ANZ Bank (2013) - Seal & Strap (2013) - Westpac Bank (2013) - PPPS (2013) - Seleck Global Services (2013) - Nuanuaolealofa (NOLA) (2013) - ASCO Motors (2013) - Land Transport Authority (2013) - PPS (2013)
Representatives from the following communities in the vicinity of APW (see Figure 14) were also consulted:
- Satapuala - Mulifanua - Satui/Safafili - Satuimalufilufi
Figure 14: Location of village consultations (excl Satui/Safafili). (Source Google Earth Pro April 2015)
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6.2.1 Key Outcomes
All key outcomes and concerns that were raised during the meetings are summarized below.
Samoa Land Corporation – 9 September 2013
- Samoa Land Corporation is a Samoan Government Corporation which is charged with overseeing Samoan Government-owned lands. - Full support for the project was noted and recognition of the opportunities for other developments in Samoa to be triggered by the development of this project. - SAA could consider possible land purchase from STEC for the selected quarry site - Requested that SAA include a requirement for Contractors to outline, during the EOI process, how they will deal with restoration of quarry sites after completion of works to prevent future quarry site being left in a condition not suitable for future land uses or development as with previous infrastructure projects.
Samoa Trusts Estate Corporation (STEC) – 9 September 2013
- Had initial concerns that the planned airport works were planned to be undertaken on STEC lands across from the airport and would therefore put STEC developments in that area on hold. - Voiced concerns that Olo would not be a suitable quarry site as the population surrounding the quarry has become quite large and there are now several larger companies utilising the area (SWA, bottle water company, STEC coconut oil production company). Suggested alternate site ‘Afolau’ as having the same rock type as Olo and is removed from settlements.
Ministry of Works, Transport and Infrastructure – 9 September 2013
- Concerns were highlighted of poor drainage next to the runway and run-off issues. - Questioned whether a full EIA was more appropriate that an EMP. CB Group advised that advice would be sought from MNRE - It was noted by the Acting CEO that the villages surrounding APW are sensitive to government development and can sometimes demonstrate a lack of support. Particular reference was made to Satapuala village and ongoing disagreements with government over land alienation. - Previous runway extension works dumped leftover bitumen behind the hangar area which has had negative impacts. Advise was given to ensure that this is not repeated. - Acting CEO also pointed out that the wildlife at the airport should be considered although he noted that wildlife is generally of a low priority in airport given the potential safety hazards of birds, etc.
Satapuala, Satui/Sagafili and Mulifanua Airport Satellite Village Mayors – 17th September 2013
- Village representatives were advised that SAIP public awareness campaign would include a press release, Public Information Bulletin for distribution and public display.
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- It was stressed that there will be no land acquisition for these works as the planned improvements are all within APW boundaries. - Mayor of Satui voiced the villages strong support for the project as they understand the urgency of the need for repairs. He also stated that wider consultations need to be carried out because whatever the matai (chiefs) agree to, the rest of the village will follow suit. - Mayor of Satapuala also voiced his villages support for the project especially as there are no plans to take more land which was their main concern. He offered to provide security implementation phase of the project. - Mayor of Mulifanua suggested that before construction starts, the roads to and from the quarry need to be widened and fixed to reduce noise and dust pollution. It was also requested for SAA to ensure that the contractors rehabilitate quarry sites and not leave the land with gaping holes unsuitable for further development. He also requested that the design of the pavements look at the lifespan in relation to climate change issues given that the runway is so close to the sea. - The matter of village curfews for evening prayer was raised and it was requested that SAA work closely with the mayors to ensure that the haulage of aggregates was done at times in consultation with the villages so that both parties can ensure that either the times of evening prayer are adjusted or the haulage times are planned to avoid socially sensitive times.
Ministry of Natural Resources and the Environment – 17th September 2013
- The urgent need to upgrade the seawall along the runway was raised by the MNRE CEO. This will enable better drainage to the sea and will protect the runway from rising sea levels and possible tsunami events. - The potential contamination of a pristine aquifer was raised as a real concern should the Olo quarry be reopened for these works. - The poor condition that quarries are left in was again raised. There is no proper landscaping afterwards to allow the area to be used for other uses, for example, a sports field or another prison, etc. - The need to ensure waste from machinery and spillage to be managed and properly addressed was raised. - Code of Environmental Practice for quarry activities exists in Samoa. - The CEO advised that an EIA is required for project such as SAIP and he further advised that EIAs have previously been prepared for upgrading works for the runway as well as for the quarry. CB Group were to make recommendations to WB that an EIA would be needed before commencement of the project.
Cluster Consultation – 18th September 2013
- Present at this consultation were representatives from various Government Ministries, Corporations, Commercial Banks, Airport Tenants, and the Private Sector. - Q&A session is summaried: - PUMA advised SAA that Olo quarry would no longer be an option for extraction for any projects. - Participants were advised that no additional land would be required
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- Erosion at the seawall was noted and SAA advised that part of these works would be looking at that issue. - Samoa Chamber of Commerce voice gratitude for the project and welcomed the opportunities for local companies to be involved in the construction. Requested that it be made a requirement for overseas companies to partner with a local provider in their bids. - Questions raised about the timing of works and response was that no night works would be carried out for the project - SAA will meet with operational airlines to discus scheduling of daytime works to provide for their schedules. - SAA quoted a timeframe of 6-8 months for completion of works but this is dependent on weather conditions. - PUMA wanted to understand how SAA would deal with so much activity and movement during the implementation phase of construction – SAA responded that there would be extensive awareness programs and coordinated timetables. - PUMA wanted to know why an EMP was being prepared and not an EIA. Response was given that the EMP was a requirement for the final appraisal by WB however, once firm decisions, have been made and designs and final decisions are made on sites for excavations and quarries it is assured that an EIS would follow to ensure compliance with local legislation, policies, etc. - Need for landscaping of quarries following completion of extraction again raised. - Suggested that SAA needs to look at a 20 year plan to relocate the airport given the coastal flood zone issues. - SAA should consider raising the Eastern side of the runway strip to enable drains to flush properly given and avoid them being submerged at high tide. - Request that with any sites being identified for excavation and quarrying that there is a need to identify historical , culturally sensitive and significant areas.
Samoa Water Authority – 23 September 2013
- Project supported in general but concerns over the contamination of the water aquifer should Olo quarry be reopened. Requested that all potential quarry sites be surveyed prior to opening to identify threat level to aquifers. - Water lens currently being used by bottled water company at Olo quarry is only 100m from surface. - Request for consistent monitoring of this pristine aquifer should Olo quarry be reopened.
NOLA (NGO) – 23rd September 2013
- Discussions revolved around ground handling operational issues which included: - Accessibility – ramps for wheelchairs and proper embarking and disembarking from aircraft - More sensitive customer service from airport staff - Improved training for ground staff on systems designed to support disabled travellers - NOLA requested that they can provide training to airport staff
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Satapuala, Satuimalfiluli and Mulifanua Airport Satellite Villages – 24th September 2013
- Support was voiced for the project and the benefits it will bring to Samoa - It was suggested that Satapuala village was a better quarry site that Olo quarry but the roads to the quarry in this village would need repairing. - It was requested that SAA review their decision to rehabiliate the runway in its current location due to the impact sea level rises would have on it. - Requested by matai of Mulifanua that Contractors be required to abide by Samoa’s Sunday rest day. - Requested that haulage trucks take measures to avoid leaving the roads dirty - Question was asked whether there would be a committee who can be approached to address any issues which arise during implementation and which they can bring their grievances to. SAA advised that there will be contact people within SAA for registering grievances. - Safety at quarry site, particularly the use and secure storage of dynamite, was raised as a concern. - It was again raised that the best people for security of sites are the village matai as they are the ones who the youth best respond to and this area has been problematic in the past. - Satapuala requested footpaths on the roads for the village children going to and from school – the concern was relating to haulage traffic. Concerns were also raised over materials falling from overloaded or incorrectly secured trucks. - The high level of unemployment of youth in the airport satellite villages was raised as an issue that the project might help to address by stipulating that local villages be used as one of the sources of employment for the project. Land Transport Authority – 27th September 2013
- No major plans for airport relocation - There are no plans for any new roads along the Faleolo area in the near future as they are concentrating on upgrading and maintaining exisiting roads. - A recent (to 2013) study of quarries pinpointed safety and management of them as a major short fall with the only quarry seeming to be on a par with standards was the ACP quarry in Saleimoa.
6.2.2 Summary
A number of concerns were raised as part of this initial public consultation process, they included potential impacts from reopening Olo quarry, management of heavy traffic along routes, restoration of quarry sites, safety of work sites, employment opportunities, safeguards instrumentation, sea wall erosion, complaints procedure, additional land needs and long terms vulnerability of the runway to sea level rises. These concerns have either been addressed during the consultation itself, or in the mitigation section of the PESMP (Section 8 and Appendix B), or have been addressed through final design changes or will be addressed as part of the continuing public consultation process.
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Initial in-country disclosure involved the provision of documents at the SAA offices together with direct discussions with airport concessionaires where possible. Subsequent iterations of the PESMP (and the CESMP) will be disclosed prior to works commencing.
Stakeholders will continue to be consulted at other times during implementation (for example to announce the start of works or to advise of traffic management plans during the construction phase). Neighbouring communities will be made aware through these media of the procedure for registering any complaints or grievances in relation to the project.
6.3 DISCLOSURE
Disclosure does not equate to consultation (and vice versa) as disclosure is about transparency and accountability through release of information about the project. A copy of the PESMP is available on the project web site (www.saip.vws) and the WB Infoshop. It will also be available from other GoS websites and hard copies available at GoS offices (most applicable and accessible), PUMA office in Apia, SAA office at APW, and community centres surrounding APW. Final PESMP, and any updates, as well as the CESMP, will be further disclosed at the same locations.
6.4 SENSITIVE RECEPTORS
Homes, schools (including pre-schools), churches, and hospitals are categorised as sensitive receptors where people can be more susceptible to the adverse effects of exposure, like to traffic (safety) or noise. Sensitive receptors do not usually include places of business or public open space. Specific consultation should be undertaken with these communities before and during construction activities to ensure impacts are minimised and community safety in ensured. This is particularly important for the transport of materials and equipment to and from APW. Mitigation measures may include construction works or transport during specific hours which do not impact school hours or specific traffic (includes pedestrian) safety management like flag controls and route diversions.
The CB Group PISA provided an assessment of the six villages located within the airport’s zone of influence (reference Section 3.1 of the PISA). The zone of influence encompasses Satapuala to the east and south of the Airport), Samea, Paepaeala, Fuailoloo, and settlements of Olo and Sagafili (all to the south and west of the Airport). While the construction will occur within the boundaries of APW some effects, particularly related to transport of materials and effects that can extend beyond property boundaries (e.g. noise and dust) could affect the neighbouring communities. Consultation and assessment of effects on the communities adjacent to the haul and transport routes for the project (e.g. from port or quarry) will need to be undertaken once the routes have been identified.
There are three primary schools, one large secondary school and many community churches in the zone of influence. Sheraton Aggie Grey’s Lagoon Resort, Le Vasa Resort, Airport Lounge and the Transit Motel are tourist accommodation venues near the airport.
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7 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS
7.1 OVERVIEW OF IMPACTS
The SAIP APW scope is to rehabilitate the existing runway and taxiways, rehabilitate and extend the apron, rehabilitate and extend RWY 08 turning node, upgrade the airfield drainage system, and upgrading navigational aids and lighting. The project is unlikely to cause any major negative environmental or social impacts as the work is providing maintenance to and improving existing infrastructure. While there will be some short term localised negative impacts to the surrounding communities during construction, overall the social outcomes of the SAIP APW works are expected to be positive by improving safety, accessibility and mobility of island communities. No land acquisition is required thus no physical resettlement will be necessary.
7.2 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
7.2.1 Solid Waste
Replacement of pavement material, upgrades of drainage system and replacement of lighting and air navigation aids will lead to the generation of excess soil and demolition waste. Other types of solid waste such as general waste, non-recyclable inorganic waste, organic biodegradable waste and construction waste will be generated from other project activities. Impacts associated with solid waste can arise from on-site waste storage, transportation of waste and off-site disposal of waste.
On-site storage of waste materials prior to disposal has the potential to cause Foreign Object Debris (FOD) generation on the airfield if not correctly stored in an appropriate location. Impacts associated with the storage and disposal of organic biodegradable waste include leachate from decomposing materials contaminating the surrounding soils and aquifers.
Transportation of solid waste in trucks without the correct equipment such as coverings or functioning tail gates can lead to waste spills on the haulage route. Spilled waste is a safety hazard to vehicle and pedestrian traffic as well as an environmental pollutant.
To avoid any potential adverse impacts from the storage of waste or the introduction of waste into the environment, a Solid Waste Management Plan (SWMP) will be developed (see section 8.9) by the Contractor and submitted for clearance along with the CESMP. The SWMP shall describe solid waste streams generated by the works and detail the approved disposal methods along with permissions. At all times, the Contractor is responsible for solid waste generated by the Works in accordance with the Waste Management Act 2010.
7.2.2 Water Resources
Freshwater will be required for workers and some construction activities (e.g. dust suppression and concrete and bitumen production). The impact on current water supply could be significant if not properly mitigated through good resource planning. The source of water supply for the SAIP project has yet to be confirmed, however it is likely that the project will utilise the airports reticulated water supply from the Samoa Water Authority (SWA). The Contractor should also consider opportunities for rain water harvesting as this a sustainable option given the rainfall levels in Samoa. The
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Contractors are responsible for securing water access that is adequate and continuously supplied throughout the construction phase.
At all times water efficiency, conservation and reclamation practices will be adopted.
7.2.3 Biological Resources
The APW SAIP and terminal upgrade will rehabilitate and upgrade the existing infrastructure. The airport land is defined by a secure perimeter fence designed to exclude animals and prevent access by people. Most of the airport land is mown grass however there are areas of scrub (coconuts, coastal trees and shrubs) in areas outside of the runway strip, where the construction camp and lay down areas will be located (west of the hangar). Habitat loss or disturbance will be related to the construction phase. There is the possibility that in the process of construction works fauna (e.g. nesting birds) could be impacted or the removal of vegetation (e.g. for construction lay down area) could impact on potential habitats.
The impacts on vegetative cover will be short-term and reversible through natural regeneration. Where topsoil is required to be cleared this will be set aside for use in restoration of disturbed areas.
In the event a new primary Navaid is required, the preferred locations (see Section 3.2.7) would likely require removal of mature trees and vegetation. This is required to provide ‘line of sight’ horizon coverage for the installed Navaid to gain maximum radio signal coverage. It would be anticipated the final determined Navaid location will be a result of balancing site obstruction clearances from the runway centreline and operational areas as well as minimising Navigation errors caused by proximity of buildings such as hangars and the Rescue Fire garage.
Consideration shall be given to extent of any tree / vegetation clearance and the ability of nearby drainage to cope with additional potential rainwater runoff.
All trees identified for potential removal fall under SAA responsibility and are not privately owned. Should the removal of mature trees be necessary, WB OP 4.12 should be assessed for applicability and the ownership of these trees will be formally documented. Written approvals will be needed prior to any tree removal.
The habitats surrounding the runway (outside the perimeter fence) are primarily forest/bush land to the south, coastal and marine environments to the north, Satapuala village to the east, and Aggie Grey’s Lagoon Resort and Golf Course and Mulifanua village to the west.
The Pacific grey duck or Tolo’a and wandering tattler or Tuli are wading birds with habitats adjacent to the airport and they are often observed in abundance in the vicinity of the airport between September and April. SAA have standard practices in place to discourage animals from the airfield for aircraft safety reasons and these practices will continue through the project implementation. Mitigation measures will include liaison with MNRE should any fauna (e.g. reptile, avian, amphibian or mammal) be encountered that affect construction activities (e.g. nesting bird).
7.2.4 Hazardous Substances and Materials
Potential soil and water pollution from construction run-off with fuel and lubricants are expected to be temporary and minor. Work practices and mitigation measures for spills will be implemented,
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The contract shall have spill kits readily accessible, with staff trained in their use.
Should any hazardous waste be produced during the works, it would be required to be exported to a landfill in a country which is approved to accept such waste.
Should an emergency event occur there is also potential for a discharge of hazardous substances to the environment or the use of fire retardants during firefighting. The spill response plan should include provisions for mitigating any adverse effects.
As part of the upgrades to the power generation system, there is the potential for impacts to occur from diesel fuel spillage during the operation of this equipment. Fuel spillage can be one of two types: equipment breakage resulting in a large fuel spill in short timeframes; or undetected leakages resulting in long term seepage into the soil. Fuel spill containment and spillage control of the existing generators is inadequate and outdated. Any new installation will be required to meet NZ HSNO requirements to prevent contain fuel spillage by prevention firstly and containment secondly:
- Accidental Tank overfill (unattended filling) - Tank rupture (due to age, corrosion, earthquake, vehicle damage) - Fuel system tampering (unlocked valves, tamper proof fuel line connections etc) - Fuel line rupture (vibrational cracking, joint failure, corrosion) - Engine fire (automatic fuel shut-off) - Smaller fuel tank(s) resulting in a much reduced maximum contamination risk.
In addition to fuel storage, containment of generator engine fluids needs to be undertaken to contain accidental spillage of cooling fluids and engine lubrication oil. This is generally achieved by containment of the generator fluids in a bund wall or bath. Maintenance materials also need to be suitably contained. (drums of oil etc).
7.2.5 Noise and Vibration
Noise and vibration disturbances are particularly likely during construction related to the transportation of construction materials from the quarries and operation of equipment (e.g. blasting and processing of aggregate in quarries, asphalt plant operation and milling of pavement surface). Additionally, movement of trucks will increase the traffic levels when offloading and delivering aggregate. These impacts will be short-term and affect different people at different times. Impacts include noise during pavement resurfacing works and possible effect of vibration caused by operation of heavy machinery, increased traffic in some sections of roads, etc. Noise and vibration is likely to be an ongoing issue throughout the construction stage and to a lesser degree the operational phase (e.g. aircraft landing and take-off). As the airport represents existing infrastructure any noise or vibration impacts are likely already being experienced by the local community. Effective communication of working hours will go towards alleviating any impacts during the construction phase.
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The WB/IFC EHS Guidelines9 Section 1.7 – Noise Management shall be applied for the duration of construction works. Noise impacts should not exceed the levels at the closest residential or other sensitive social receptors for one hour LAeq of 55 dBA between the hours of 0700-2200 or 45 dBA outside of these hours for night works, or result in a maximum increase in background noise levels of 3dBA at the nearest receptor location off site. The nearest sensitive receptors are expected to change as the work moves along the pavements and will be determined the closest residences to the active works and to the construction camps and/or asphalt plan. In addition to the WB/IFC Guidelines there is the GoS’s PUMA ‘Planning for Noise Standards’, however as the WB/IFC Guidelines stipulate the lower noise level, these shall be the standards applied.
7.2.6 Erosion and Sediment Control
The majority of the airport site is either sealed by the pavement and buildings or grassed to ensure visual clearance and security. The grassed areas are regularly mown to meet necessary airport standards. Scrub vegetation does exist around some areas of the airport perimeter. The location of the SAIP works will require removal of some small shrubs and vegetation to establish lay down areas. During resurfacing, and restoration of pavement areas and drainage, areas of bare soil may be exposed. For small areas of exposed soil, any soil that is suspended will either be captured by the swale drains around the pavements or will be captured by the vegetated habitat of the airfield. Due to the effective soil retention role played by grasses, it is anticipated that any eroded soil will be captured locally and will not cause any long term impacts on the surrounding environment and mitigation measures stipulated in Section 8 will strengthen this. Division bunds may be required for larger areas of exposed soil or for areas where the topography drains towards flood prone parts of the airfield. The impacts on vegetative cover will be short-term and reversible through natural regeneration.
Sediment has the potential to be generated during any vegetation clearance and excavations. The main areas of disturbance will be the main runway (runway west and east sides), turning node RWY 08, taxiway A and inner, taxiway B, and apron including the 10,000m2 (initial estimation) area of apron extension. Excavation will be required for the navigational aids and lighting upgrades (concrete pads and cable trenches) and details of these excavations have yet to be defined as these components are at the design stage. Once these details are known, they will be defined in the CESMP along with the appropriate management measure.
APW is within coastal flood hazard zones (as described in Section 5.1.6). Storm water run off generated during large rainfall events, combined with high tides, is known to cause flooding on the runway, in particular at the culverts placed close to the centre of the airfield where the lowest runway levels are. Flooding during construction works increases the risk of sediment laden run-off being generated and transported to the receiving marine environment. While the potential impacts of uncontrolled sediment laden run-off can adversely affect the receiving environment, they can be easily mitigated through planning and implementation of the mitigation measures stipulated in this PESMP.
7.2.7 Air Emissions and Odours
Air pollution can arise due to improper maintenance of equipment, dust generation and the bitumen smoke / fumes arising from application of the new pavement seal and maintenance work. Impacts
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No ongoing impact to air quality is expected as this is upgrade of existing infrastructure.
7.2.8 Traffic and Airport Operations
Traffic impacts will occur in transporting equipment and materials from quarries and the port. The recommended quarry for aggregate supply is Saleimoa Quarry located east of APW. Should this quarry be selected by the Contractor, it is likely that West Coast Road and Plantation Road will be used as the haul routes to this location. As an alternative to using West Coast Road, Alafa'alava Road can be used as an inland haul route for both ACP and the port, which are both located in Apia. Community consultation must be undertaken once haul routes are identified for the projects. The road condition will need to be assessed for suitability of heavy vehicles and increased traffic. Any upgrades or repairs will be the responsibility of the contractor using the haul route or as agreed with LTA and SAA.
These impacts will mostly be short-term and through good mitigation and traffic management the impacts should be low. As part of the CESMP, the Contractor is responsible for developing and implementing a Traffic Management Plan (TMP). The TMP will need to consider pedestrian traffic and commercial marine traffic as well as vehicle traffic management, and particular attention will need to be given to management near sensitive receptors (schools, residential dwellings, markets, churches etc.) and the management of increased heavy load traffic associated with aggregate transportation from the loading points. Upon completion of the construction phase of works, traffic and road safety impacts caused by the SAIP works should cease.
The MOWP will specify safety measures required for the operation of the airport when construction work is underway. The MOWP includes instruction on airfield operational distances, FOD protection, airfield security, and responsibility hierarchy and communication methods.
7.2.9 Wastewater Discharges
Sanitary facilities for workers will be provided to prevent water bodies or other areas being used. Specification of sanitary facilities will be at the advice of SAA and defined in the CESMP.
Uncontrolled wastewater (e.g. sewage, grey water, wash water, water containing fire retardants used during emergency activities) discharges have the potential to contaminate soil, water and spread disease. Impacts may include sedimentation and an increase in nutrients impacting water quality and aquatic life in the adjacent lagoon and coral reef habitats, and contamination due to an accidental release of hazardous substances, refuse or other waste materials into the marine ecosystem. Wash water from equipment can be contaminated with hydrocarbons (e.g. oil and fuel) which have a detrimental effect on aquatic life, water quality and soil quality. There are also human health impacts regarding hydrocarbon exposure which vary in severity depending on type and length of exposure.
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The significance of the impacts depends on the scale of the release, duration of earthworks, local worksite topography, soil type, rainfall levels, adequacy of sewage treatment facilities, and the sensitivity of the receiving water environment. The runway is located approximately 100 m south of the receiving marine environment, therefore any release could be significant. It is vital to plan and carefully manage works adjacent to the marine environment. Furthermore, consideration should be given to works completed during the wet season (October to March). While the potential impacts of uncontrolled discharges of wastewater can adversely affect the receiving environment, they can be easily mitigated through planning and implementation of mitigation measures (as outlined in Section 8).
7.2.10 Local Quarry and Aggregate Supply
For any locally sourced aggregates, potential adverse impacts from uncontrolled quarrying or mining are high and include all of the above listed impacts, namely:
- Air emissions – machinery and dust. - Noise and vibration – machinery and blasting (if used). - Water – consumption, hydrology (changes to site drainage patterns and groundwater), wastewater, and contamination. - Waste – overburden, by-products and contaminated waste material. - Land conversion – loss of habitat and agricultural land. - Dust is a major issue at quarry sites and can travel some distance and affect a large number of people if not properly managed. In the past PUMA have received dust complaints about Saleimoa Quarry which have resulted in intervention by PUMA Inspectors.
Only consented quarry operations will be used to source suitable aggregate (Saleimoa and Alafua quarries have been identified as potentially suitable). The potential quarry sources identified in Section 3.4.3 are either currently operating as a quarry or have been utilised as a quarry in the recent past so land conversion has already taken place. A summary of constraints and opportunities relating to the quarry options are described in Table X in Section 3.4.3.
Impacts of quarrying are not limited to the location of the quarry but can extend along the delivery route. Noise, dust, and traffic (vehicle and pedestrian) safety are primary concerns for the transport of materials from the quarry site. Depending on the quarry sites selected to supply the required aggregate, a more detailed assessment of impacts will be completed by the Contractor in their CESMP along with mitigation measure suitable for the location and activities within the quarry. Consideration and planning will also be implemented on quarry rehabilitation following the completion of the works.
Should a new quarry consent application be necessary for the SAIP project, the national obligations must be met (COEP 08) and the measures stipulated in this PESMP must also be adhered to. PUMA must be satisfied with the management of the quarry and the permitting process must be completed before any activities can take place on the site. The Contractor must detail this in their CESMP.
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7.2.11 Biosecurity
Samoa has strict quarantine regulations covering the safe importation of plant and equipment to avoid bringing any non-native, harmful plant or animals species into the country. During the mobilisation phase of Works, there will be a requirement for some equipment and/or materials to be imported. All imported materials will be required to have the appropriate biosecurity clearance certificates.
7.2.12 Impacts of Cultural Property
Should any areas of potential cultural importance or artefacts be identified during the SAIP, works should stop and the Ministry of Education, Sports and Culture should be contacted. No work should continue until approval has been sought from the above-mentioned agency. Furthermore COEP 9.3.11 (Archaeological Sites) and COEP 13.4 (Cultural Preservation measures) should be implemented.
7.2.13 Coastal and Marine Impacts
A number of activities have the potential to have a negative impact on the receiving marine environment, including uncontrolled discharges (e.g. stormwater, erosion, wastewater, spills). Potential sediment and contaminant laden run-off issues could result from poorly managed land clearance sites and the improper siting of stockpiles and aggregate storage (sand, gravel, cement and bitumen) in laydown areas and construction camps. During heavy rainfall events this could wash into the adjacent marine environment and could result in water and habitat contamination, increased water turbidity, and the sedimentation of sensitive ecosystems (e.g. coral reefs).
7.2.14 Secondary and Cumulative Impacts
Secondary and cumulative impacts tend to be triggered by impacts to environmental resources that function as integral parts of a larger system over time and space, and can initially be ‘invisible’ to the normal present time impact assessment. Secondary impacts can include land use changes due to improved accessibility which in turn can impact habitats and pressure on existing resources and utilities (e.g. water supply). Secondary and cumulative impacts also often cannot be managed solely by the project executors (MWTIMWTI/SAA). Town planning (e.g. restricting development and clearing of land) and conservation are two examples of external influences which can assist in reducing secondary and cumulative impacts.
The airport is existing infrastructure which has existing impacts (e.g. noise and dust generation). In most cases the SAIP will not be able to remedy these impacts however the designs can lessen and in some cases mitigate some of the impacts.
Both positive and negative secondary and cumulative impacts may be triggered by other infrastructure and construction projects in the vicinity of APW. The upgrade of West Coast Road, a project which is likely to run in parallel with SAIP and the terminal upgrade is the main access road to APW. An improved road may result in an increase of traffic (including trucks) using this road and travelling through settlements increasing noise and vibration nuisance and road safety for pedestrians. However, the road upgrade will increase the accessibility of the north-west section of the island between Apia and APW for road users.
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7.3 SOCIAL IMPACTS
Social implications with the regard to safeguarding sensitive receptors such as airport satellite villages and communities on the haul routes will be addressed through the public consultation process throughout the life of the project.
7.3.1 Occupational Health and Safety
The primary hazards identified are traffic management, construction works involving hot bituminous products (up to 165 °C) and working in extreme ambient temperatures.
During construction and operation health and safety is to be managed through a Site Specific OHS Plan (to be developed by the contractors using the codes of practice attached to this PESMP in Appendix G) and application of international environmental and health and safety (EHS) standards (WB/IFC EHS Guidelines). The Contractors health and safety documentation should incorporate all aspects of the project including the airport site, quarries and transport routes.
Civil works shall not commence until the Client’s Consulting Engineer has approved the OHS plan, the Safety Officer is mobilized and on site, and staff have undergone induction training.
The following are the contractual requirements for OHS as stipulated in the bidding documents:
Health and Safety: Funding for Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) training and activities is provided in the bill-of-quantity as a provisional sum. The Contractor’s costs shall be financed from this on proof of record (e.g. time sheets, material invoices etc.) for the following:
• Recruitment of provider for delivery of HIV/AIDS education training. • Recruitment of provider for delivery of gender based violence (GBV) and child abuse and exploitation (CAE) training. • Expenses related to HIV/AIDS, GBV and CAE training • Provision of Safety Officer when acting in the role of Safety Officer • Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) for all workers on the site, and visitors as appropriate • Safety signage, safety literature, HIV/AIDS literature, condoms, voluntary counselling and testing, GBV literature, CAE, literature etc. • Alcohol testing of staff to enforce a zero alcohol tolerance policy • Labor costs for attending: (i) dedicated safety training such as working at heights, confined space training, first aid training etc.; (ii) HIV/AIDS education training; (iii) gender based violence (GBV) training; and, (iv) CAE training. The contractor shall make staff available for initial training of 1.5 days, and a total of at least 0.5 days per month for other such formal trainings. For the purposes of the project, in addition to the national OHS standards the employer is adopting a Code of Practice for occupational health and safety based on good international industry practice. To be qualified for bidding contractors will be required to have in place an occupational health and safety management system which is compliant with, or equivalent to, OHSAS 18000 (http://certificationeurope.com/ohsas-18000-health-safety-managment-standards/) and is acceptable to the client. The contractor shall specify which occupational health and safety standards are to be applicable to the project, and provide evidence of application of such standards on a 63 Revision 6 v4 – April 2017 Adapted from AECOM IESMP APW Aug 2016
Samoa Aviation Investment Project Environmental and Social Management Plan Faleolo International Airport (APW) project of similar size and complexity during the past 5 years. The standards to be adopted may include those of Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the EU and the US, which are referred to in the World Bank Group EHS Guidelines.’
Civil works shall not commence until the Client’s Consulting Engineer has approved the OHS plan, the Safety Officer is mobilized and on site, and staff have undergone induction training.
The Contractor shall at all times take all reasonable precautions to maintain the health and safety of the Contractor’s Personnel. In collaboration with local health authorities, the Contractor shall ensure that first aid facilities and sick bays are available at all times at the Site, including having a site vehicle available at all times that can be used to transport Contractor’s and Employer’s Personnel to medical facilities. The Contractor shall ensure that suitable arrangements are made for all necessary welfare and hygiene requirements and for the prevention of epidemics.
The Contractor shall appoint a certified Safety Officer at the Site, with qualifications acceptable to the Client’s Consulting Engineer, responsible for maintaining safety and protection against accidents. This person shall have the authority to issue instructions and take protective measures to prevent accidents. Throughout the execution of the Works, the Contractor shall provide whatever is required by this person to exercise this responsibility and authority.
The Contractor shall post in clearly accessible places information on how to transport injured Contractor’s and Employer’s Personnel to medical facilities, including the precise location and contact details of such medical facilities, name and contract details of the site designated Safety Officer.
The Contractor shall ensure that all workers on the site have appropriate PPE of an appropriate standard including: (i) impact resistant safety eyewear; (ii) safety footware with steel toe, sole and heel; (iii) high visibility clothing; (iv) long sleeves and long pants suitable for operating environment; (v) safety helmet with provision of sun protection as necessary; (vi) gloves (carried and worn when manual handling); (vii) hearing protection when working in close proximity to noisy equipment and in all underground environments. For site visitors, the above equipment will be supplied as appropriate based on assessed risks and depending on number of visitors and where they will be on site. See http://tinyurl.com/nzta-ppe-requirements for additional information.
The Contractor shall send, to the Client’s Consulting Engineer, details of any accident as soon as practicable after its occurrence.
Within 5 working days of the end of the calendar month the Contractor will be required to report to the Client’s Consulting Engineer on their performance with the following OHS indicators:
• Number of fatal injuries (resulting is loss of life of someone associated with the project or the public) • Number of notifiable injuries (an incident which requires notification of a statutory authority under health and safety legislation or the contractor’s health and safety management system) • Number of lost time injuries (an injury or illness certified by a medical practitioner that results in absence of work for at least one scheduled day or shift, following the day or shift when the accident occurred)
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• Number of medical treatment injuries (the management and care of a patient to effect medical treatment or combat disease and disorder excluding: (i) visits solely for the purposes of observation or counseling; (ii) diagnostic procedures (e.g. x-rays, blood tests); or, (iii) first aid treatments as described below) • Number of first aid injuries (minor treatments administered by a nurse or a trained first aid attendant) • Number of recordable strikes of services (contact with an above ground or below ground service resulting in damage or potential damage to the service) • Lost Time Injury Frequency Rate (the number of allowed lost time injury and illness claims per 100 full-time equivalent workers for the injury year specified) • Total Recorded Frequency Rate (the number of recordable injuries [recordable/lost time/fatal] per 100 full-time equivalent workers for the injury year specified) The monthly reports shall also include:
• Number of alcohol tests • Proportion of positive alcohol tests • Number of site health and safety audits conducted by contractor • Number of safety briefings • Number of near misses • Number of traffic management inspections • Number of sub-contractor reviews • Number of stop work actions • Number of positive reinforcements • For each fatality, injury or near miss incident, the Contractor shall provide a corrective action report within the monthly report detailing steps taken to ensure risks of a repeat incident are minimized. 7.3.2 HIV/AIDS, Gender Based Violence, and Child Abuse and Exploitation There are also impacts associated with personnel recruited from outside the local community such as increased instances of HIV/AIDS. Additionally, the Contractor accepts that gender based violence might occur as an unintended consequence of economic development. As such the Contractor accepts responsibility for implementing actions to help reduce instances of HIV/AIDS, gender based violence (GBV) and child abuse and exploitation (CAE).
All employees (including managers) will be required to attend training prior to commencing work to reinforce the understanding of HIV/AIDS, GBV and CAE. Subsequently, employees must attend a mandatory training course at least once a month for the duration of mobilization.
Managers will be required to attend an additional manager training prior to commencing work on site to ensure that they are familiar with their roles and responsibilities in ensuring the HIV/AIDS, GBV and CAE standards are met on the project. This training will provide managers with the necessary understanding and technical support needed to begin to develop a plan for addressing HIV/AIDS, GBV and CAE throughout the life time of the civil works, including monitoring and reporting. 65 Revision 6 v4 – April 2017 Adapted from AECOM IESMP APW Aug 2016
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HIV-AIDS Prevention. While mobilized for work, the Contractor shall produce a conduct an HIV-AIDS Information, Education and Consultation Communication (IEC) campaign via an approved service provider approved by the Client’s Consulting Engineer, and shall undertake such other measures as are specified in this Contract to reduce the risk of the transfer of the HIV virus between and among the Contractor’s Personnel and the local community, to promote early diagnosis and to assist affected individuals. The Contractor shall not discriminate against people found to have HIV-AIDS as part of the campaign.
The Client’s Consulting Engineer shall provide to the Contractor a list of approved service providers which shall include recognized NGOs and/or recognized local health departments. From the provided list, the Contractor shall enter into agreement with one service provider to undertake the HIV-AIDS IEC campaign. The cost of the campaign shall be funded by the Contractor from the provisional sum provided in the bill-of-quantity. The contractor shall make staff available for a total of at least 0.5 days per month for formal trainings including HIV/AIDS.
Prior to contractor mobilization, the approved service provider shall prepare an action plan for the IEC campaign based on the ‘Road to Good Health Toolkit’ (www.theroadtogoodhealth.org) which shall be submitted to the Client’s Consulting Engineer for approval.
The action plan will clearly indicate (i) the types and frequency of education activities to be done; (ii) the target groups (as a minimum to all the Contractor's employees, all Sub-Contractors and Consultants' employees, and all truck drivers and crew making deliveries to Site for construction activities as well as immediate local communities); (iii) whether condoms shall be provided; and (iv) whether STI and HIV/AIDS screening, diagnosis, counselling and referral to a dedicated national STI and HIV/AIDS program, (unless otherwise agreed) of all Site staff and labour shall be provided.
The IEC campaign shall adopt the ‘Road to Good Health’ Toolkit methodology (www.theroadtogoodhealth.org) and use readily available information for the Project. No specific new information shall be produced unless instructed by the Client’s Consulting Engineer.
The IEC campaign shall be conducted while the Contractor is mobilized in accordance with the approved approach. It shall be addressed to all target groups identified concerning the risks, dangers and impact, and appropriate avoidance behaviour with respect to, of Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD)—or Sexually Transmitted Infections (STI) in general and HIV/AIDS in particular.
The Contractor shall include in the program to be submitted for the execution of the Works under Sub-Clause 8.3 the IEC campaign for Site staff and labor and their families in respect of Sexually Transmitted Infections (STI) and Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD) including HIV/AIDS. The STI, STD and HIV/AIDS alleviation program shall indicate when, how and at what cost the Contractor plans to satisfy the requirements of this Sub-Clause and the related specification. For each component, the program shall detail the resources to be provided or utilized and any related sub- contracting proposed. The program shall also include provision of a detailed cost estimate with supporting documentation. Payment to the Contractor for preparation and implementation this program shall not exceed the Provisional Sum dedicated for this purpose.
Gender-Based Violence/CAE: As required in the bid documents, the Contractor will implement the SAIP Codes of Conduct and Action Plan to Prevent Gender Based Violence as Well as Child Abuse/Exploitation (Appendix F). The Codes of Conduct aim to prevent and/or mitigate the risks of
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GBV and CAE within the context of SAIP. These Codes of Conduct are to be adopted by the civil works contractors, as well as supervision consultants.
The Client’s Consulting Engineer shall provide to the Contractor a list of approved service providers which shall include recognized NGOs and others for conducting training on GBV. From the provided list, the Contractor shall enter into agreement with one service provider to undertake the GBV IEC campaign. The cost of the campaign shall be funded by the Contractor from the provisional sum provided in the bill-of-quantity. The contractor shall make staff available for a total of at least 0.5 days per month for formal trainings including GBV.
Prior to contractor mobilization, the approved service provider shall prepare an action plan for GBV IEC campaign which shall be submitted to the Client’s Consulting Engineer for approval.
7.3.3 Community Health and Safety
Project activities, equipment, and infrastructure can increase community exposure to risks and impacts. In addition to the impacts already identified throughout this section, the impacts of an imported work force must be considered.
While it is not anticipated that there will be a need for a workers camp to be established for the works, it is probable that there will be a need for additional workers to be bought to the project site for the completion of works. These workers are likely to be from both overseas and from other areas of Samoa and the Contractor must therefore be aware of the potential impacts that this influx of outside labour can have on the local community, and manage these impacts and interactions appropriately.
In terms of the vulnerability of the airport satellite communities to external influences, in the context of Samoa, these communities can be considered to be low-risk and peri-urban due to their proximity to and integration with Apia and the international airport and the ease of access to these communities via the main highway. Having said this, this communities may still be vulnerable to increased social pressures from any uncontrolled influx of labour. Section 8.10.1 provides for mitigation measures against these potential impacts.
The exact division of labour force and recruitment strategy has yet to be determined, but will be described in the CESMP.
7.3.4 Business Impacts During the construction phase there is the potential for minor impacts on airport concessionaires and other small businesses in the airport vicinity. These impacts would be limited to noise, dust and traffic from construction activities and will be of limited duration. Standard good practice construction management will mitigate these potential impacts to an acceptable level. All potentially affected businesses will be included in the consultation process.
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8 MITIGATION MEASURES
Due to the nature of the rehabilitation activities proposed there are some mitigation measures which are applicable to all aspects of the project, while others that are specific to particular components. Sensitive receptors and environmental values have been identified around the airport site which will require specific mitigation measures for safety and environmental protection. The mitigation measures are outlined in Appendix B. The mitigation tables detail the impact or issue, the mitigation required, where this is to occur, when this mitigation is to be applied, estimated costs, implementation responsibility and supervision responsibility.
This PESMP will be included in all bidding documents and form the basis of the CESMP which will detail the practical implementation of the mitigation measures identified in this PESMP. The ESMPs are dynamic documents which should be updated to include any variation from the current scope or addition of newly identified impacts and mitigation measures that may arise through the bidding and contracting process (if not addressed in the CESMP) or consultation. The mitigation measures associated with the impacts identified above are detailed below.
8.1 AGGREGATES, MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT
Aggregate will be sourced from existing quarry sites on Upolu. Once testing has been completed and the most suitable quarry is confirmed, the Contractor, SAA and LTA is responsible for reviewing site operations to ensure that the operation is legal and approved for supply of aggregate (under Samoan law). The Contractor will have a choice as to which quarry source to use and how the quarry operation is to be set up (e.g. operated by the SAIP Contractor or a local quarry operator). The Client’s Consulting Engineer, SAA and LTA are responsible for reviewing site operations to ensure that the operation is a consented site which is approved for supply of aggregate (under Samoan law).
If the contractor uses a local operator, they are responsible for reviewing operating license/permits and any conditions of operation which may have been imposed to ensure the operation is legal and that the contractor’s work complies with any transport or purchase requirements. If the SAIP Contractor is to operate the quarry (or part of) themselves they are responsible for ensuring the land ownership and lease arrangements are not under dispute, securing the necessary operating permits, development consents and completing environmental assessments. An EIA and quarry management plan may be required to support any consent application. The Contractor should adopt the COEP for Quarry Development and Operations and the specific measures stipulated this PESMP. Key mitigation measures from this document are outlined below. Consenting requirements will need Contractors to include provision for quarry specific plans including environmental management, health and safety and rehabilitation. If a Development Consent is required, an EIA will need to be developed for the selected quarry site.
Dust is a major issue at quarry sites and can travel some distance and affect a large number of people if not properly managed. Complaints have previously been submitted to PUMA regarding the level of dust generation at Saleimoa Quarry which have resulted in intervention by the PUMA inspectors. Dust should be managed using the same measures as identified in Appendix B along with use of linear layout for materials handling to reduce the need for loading and unloading and vehicle movements around the site. The CESMP should include a provision for quarry dust and noise control;
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The use closed/covered trucks for transportation of construction materials is a requirement.
Construction materials will be sourced commercially and use of wood from natural forests will not be permitted.
Water is significant resource in quarry activities and where possible closed circuit systems should be implemented for treatment and re-use in site activities and processes (e.g. washing plants). The source for quarries would be declared and approved by the quarry consenting system. In order to minimise site waste, careful planning and understanding of product quality is required. Overburden by-product should be stockpiled for use in rehabilitation of the quarry site at a later date.
All imported vehicles and machinery are required to be inspected by Quarantine Inspectors on arrival and undergo disinfectant treatment. The Contractor is advised to arrange for their vehicles and machinery to be thoroughly cleaned of all contamination prior to shipping (e.g. soil, rocks, plant material, seeds, etc). Items shipped inside containers must also have the inside of the container thoroughly cleaned of all previous cargo residues, including dunnage. Import permits are issued by Samoa Customs Department under the Ministry for Revenue and quarantine certificates are issued by the Samoa Quarantine Department under the Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries.
Prior to materials being delivered to site the Client’s Consulting Engineer shall confirm that all necessary biosecurity documentation and clearances have been provided.
The transport of material from the quarry will need to be managed through a TMP which identifies the route, maximum load limits, required transport permits and required measures to reduce dust and spillages. The TMP will be submitted with the CESMP for approval. Mitigation measures provided in Appendix B include covering of loads, refused delivery of overloaded trucks, transport during off peak times and route identification which uses existing less trafficked roads. The Contractor should also include provision for noise and speed control in their TMP; this can include prohibiting the use of engine breaking for noise reduction, speed control measures in and near settlements with particular attention to any unsealed roads or roads in poor repair through villages (e.g. introduction of speed bumps), and regulating working hours for the haul trucks.
It is likely that the West Coast Road (WCR) will be used as part of the aggregate haulage route. To ensure the protection of the road, the Contractor will be required to have a waybridge located at the selected quarry. The waybridge should be independently operated and the weight of each truck recorded. No overloaded trucks shall be permitted to depart the quarry. The WCR is undergoing rehabilitation works and should the haulage of aggregates occur after the WCR works are completed, then the Contractor is required to develop a haulage route which minimises the use of the WCR.
The Contractor shall maintain public roads used by construction traffic during the construction phase of the works. The Contractor shall allow for maintaining roadways used, to existing condition. Prior to commencing works, the Engineer shall undertake a detailed Photographic Condition Survey and submitted to the Engineer to confirm condition of all roads it plans to use during construction of the physical works. At completion of the works all access ways, haul routes and public roadways are to
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Other mitigation measures that have been identified for the project as a whole (refer to Appendix B) are also applicable to the quarry site if managed by the SAIP pavement Contractor. For example chance find of archaeological artefacts or loss of biodiversity, damage to assets and infrastructure, erosion and sediment control measures (e.g. clean water diversion), wastewater treatment, noise and vibration mitigation etc.
Chance find of archeological artifacts: It is possible that at any stage of construction works new items of cultural importance or archaeological artifacts (fossils, coins, articles of value or antiquity, and structures and other remains or fossil items of geological or archeological interest) can be revealed, especially when undertaking works in any areas outside of airport property (e.g. camps or quarries). In the event of the discovery of an item as defined above, the finding must be registered and the information shall be handed over to The Museum of Samoa (under the Ministry of Education, Sports and Culture) who will advise on how they shall monitor the construction works.
Before commencement of earth works, contractor will receive instructions from the Client’s Consulting Engineer acting for the client, under advice from The Museum of Samoa, on the course of action in case of chance finds. The Contractor will be obligated to strictly follow those instructions. Should an item of cultural importance, archaeological artifact or site be encountered, Contractor must hold works and promptly notify the Client’s Consulting Engineer and follow their further guidance. Works should resume only after receiving a formal clearance from the Client’s Consulting Engineer.
A representative of The Museum of Samoa shall be invited to carry out training in connection with archaeological questions.
8.2 HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE USE, STORAGE AND DISPOSAL
Hazardous liquids (e.g. fuel and lubricants) must be managed through the use of self bunded drums and tanks, in accordance with the specification. If—with the permission of the Client’s Consulting Engineer—non-bunded vessels are used, the materials must be stored within hardstand and bunded areas to prevent runoff to surrounding permeable ground. Bunded areas (secondary containment) must contain the larger of 110% of the largest tank or 25% of the combined volumes in areas with a total storage volume equal or greater than 1,000 L. Bunded areas are to be impervious (water tight), constructed from chemically resistant material, and be sheltered from the rain as rain water allowed to collect within the bund could be contaminated if there is any hazardous substance residue on storage containers or spilt product within the bund.
A spill response plan must be in place and all workers trained in correct implementation of the spill response plan. Spill kits should be available in close proximity to where hazardous substances are used and stored e.g. on the work truck or beside the fuel store. Workers should be trained in the use of spill kits.
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There is potential that hydrocarbon product or contamination may be encountered during construction work. A photoionization detector (PID) should be available to monitor the worker breathing zone. Parts per million (ppm) concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) should be used to quantify the potential risk to workers. If the breathing zone concentration exceeds 5 ppm, workers should move to an upwind location until vapours clear. If any soil staining is observed or odour experienced a sample of the affected soil material should be collected and measured using the PID. If the PID returns readings greater than 10 ppm the material should be treated as contaminated fill. Depending on the volume of material it may be appropriate to excavate the affected soils and prepare for transport to a facility licensed to accept hazardous waste. Material should be secured in airtight containers for transport (as per Waigani Convention requirements for the trans-boundary movement of hazardous waste material).
8.3 SAFETY AND TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT
The airport is protected by a patrolled perimeter security fence. All planned works, including the construction lay down area will occur within this fence. Security clearance will be required for all airside construction workers. Airside construction works will be managed through the MOWP and SAA will be responsible for ensuring the safe operation of the airport at all times. The MOWP will detail the specific safety and security requirements for the airport operations, including safe operating distances and responsibility of key project roles. If any off-site locations are approved for use then these management requirements, including a secure perimeter fence, shall be implemented for these locations.
The transport of materials has the potential to impact communities through noise, dust and road safety. The Contractors are responsible for developing a TMP to be submitted with the CESMP which will specify how traffic (vehicle and pedestrian) will be managed, including transport times (outside peak hours), maximum speed and loads of trucks, use of flag controls at site entrances (construction lay down area), use of unsealed roads through sensitive communities, and around specific work areas.
8.4 STORMWATER AND WATER MANAGEMENT
8.4.1 Stormwater Management
The runway is located within the coastal flood inundation zone; THR 26 is the lowest point of the runway and is most vulnerable to flooding. A drainage study has been completed to assess local flooding including peak flow (see Section 3.1.2 for more detail). The results of this study along with geotechnical, lidar and topological survey data will be used for the design of the drainage system upgrade infrastructure. At this stage the final solution for drainage is unknown, however impacts of climate change on sea levels, increases in cyclonic activity and increases in intensity of heavy rain events should be considered in the design to ensure the suitability of the drainage system over the course of the lifecycle of the investment. Drainage design must also be compliant with COEP 11: Drainage. Among other requirements, this COEP specifies that all permanent drainage channels must be lined to mitigate against erosion and where practicable, grass should be used as the liner. The COEP also requires that all culvert inlets and outlets shall be protected against erosion through the design of appropriate aprons, wing walls and head walls. Once the final COEP compliant
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During construction clean water diversion bunds will be used to direct any runoff from undisturbed areas away from work areas, stockpiles and storage areas. The diversion bunds will direct this clean water to land for soakage. The nearest water body is the Pacific Ocean to the north of the runway. Runoff whether clean or treated should not be allowed to discharge directly to the coast as this can cause erosion. Soakage pits for stormwater will not be installed directly into a shallow aquifer and will be located under advisement from SAA and SWA.
8.4.2 Water Management
Water required for construction activities such as dust suppression and concrete production will need to be managed carefully so as not to impact on the island’s freshwater supply or the airport’s needs for ARFF. Where possible rain water should be collected or non-potable water should be used, provided there will be no risk of contamination of groundwater.
The airport has a number of bores used to extract water for the terminal and ARFF operations. Due to the proximity of these bores, monitoring should be completed prior to construction works commence, during construction works and at completion of all construction works to confirm no contamination of groundwater as a result of the works. Different bores may be selected to provide information on groundwater quality at any given time in that area. Bores may also be identified by SWA as requiring monitoring to determine effects from construction and or operational activities.
Parameters that should be monitored include pH, electrical conductivity, total nitrogen and total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) or as agreed with PUMA and SWA.
8.5 BITUMEN, ASPHALT AND CONCRETE PLANT
Bitumen and asphalt production requires very high temperatures which pose a significant risk to workers and the general public. The bitumen and asphalt plant and all bitumen products will be located within a secure compound (the construction lay down area or quarry) to ensure security and reduce risk of unauthorised access.
Of the three proposed locations, it is preferred that the asphalt plant will be located to the west of the hangar adjacent to Taxiway D. The Contractor shall detail this location in their CESMP and the location shall be subject to approval by the Client’s Consulting Engineer and compliant with this PESMP. Although the use of this machinery will be short-term (2-3 months), it can create nuisances such as noise and a mercaptan odour. The bitumen and asphalt plant should be located at least 300 to 500 m downwind of any settlements or inhabited areas and 150 m away from any water bodies, streams or rivers. The asphalt plant should be equipped with either bag house or wet scrubber particulate removing system to reduce dust and odour emissions.
The Contractor shall include a bitumen and asphalt plant rehabilitation plan in their CESMP documentation.
Hard stands with covered, bunded areas shall be available at the plant for the storage of other hazardous materials such as those used in the preparation of the seal coats for the pavement.
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The project will require concrete production for the civil infrastructure associated with the airfield lighting, although the scale is not yet known. There are existing concrete production plants on Upolu and these are the preferred source for concrete. However, if concrete is to be produced in-situ, care needs to be taken with slurry and runoff from the concrete. Concrete production should only take place when there is no rain forecast. Concrete slurry is highly alkali and cannot be diluted. Sand bags or diversion drains must be used to divert runoff from concrete cutting or setting areas. As hardened concrete is inert, the best approach for disposing of concrete debris is to set any concrete waste and then dispose of as clean fill or crush for reuse. All equipment used in concrete production must be cleaned in designated wash down areas in the construction laydown area, away from surface water, in a bunded impermeable area and shall not be allowed to permeate to ground. Wastewater from concrete cutting, washing equipment or production must be collected and treated (settling and neutralisation through pH adjustment) before disposal (see Section 7.2.9).
8.6 CONSTRUCTION LAY DOWN AREA
The construction lay down area will be used to store equipment and materials for all components of the project, and the production of concrete and asphalt and as such there are a number of potential hazards associated with the equipment and materials. The construction lay down area will most likely be within the airport perimeter fence however additional fencing may be required around specific stores (e.g. hazardous substances) to prevent access by unauthorised personal. The location must avoid aircraft operations. Areas within the compound must be clearly marked for solid waste collection, machinery maintenance, hazardous substance storage, plant operations (concrete, bitumen, asphalt) and toilet facilities for workers. Each of these areas must be constructed in such a way to prevent any potential adverse impacts on the surrounding environment and will be compliant with COEP 5: Construction Camps; it is initially proposed that the lay down areas will be in one of the three locations shown in Figure 15 and this will be confirmed and detailed in the CESMP. Including hard stand areas, protection from wind and rain, bunding (hazardous substances), clean water diversion drains, and collection and treatment of waste water from site operations (e.g. concrete production, machinery maintenance). The ground of the construction lay down area will likely be compacted by the end of its use and so restoration will require scarification of the soil, application of topsoil and re-vegetation.
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Figure 15: Selection of three proposed locations for lay down sites. (Source: Adapted from Design and Build Technical Specifications, Dec 2016)
The construction lay down area is not a residential camp. Foreign contract and project staff are expected to utilise existing local accommodation. While it is not anticipated that there will be a need for a residential workers camp to be established for the works at APW, it is prudent to be aware of the necessary steps required to install or upgrade an existing workers camps should this become necessary for any reason. These steps have been included within the codes of practice in Appendix G. Should a worker camp be required then these COEP 5 and these guidelines must be adhered to and updates made to the PESMP and CESMP as appropriate.
8.7 EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL
The land within the vicinity of APW is relatively flat, low lying with permeable soils. Wet weather is usually experienced as short, heavy rainfall events, often in the morning or at night. Clean water diversion bunds should be constructed around any excavation or cleared vegetation to prevent ingress of runoff from surrounding areas. Any ponding which may occur within an excavated area shall either be allowed to percolate into the subsoil or pumped out to a settling area or used for dust suppression at a later date. Excavations should be kept to a manageable size to reduce the time of exposure.
It is most likely that the largest stockpiles will be within the construction laydown areas for the aggregate. These stockpiles will need to be on an impermeable geotextile or hardstand and runoff directed to permeable land. The aggregate material will be inert larger size pieces. Stockpiles of any fine grain materials (e.g. sand and topsoil) must be covered to prevent dust and sediment laden runoff during rain events.
Discharges from any activity are prohibited from discharging directly to the marine and coastal environment or discharging directly into the flood prone areas of the airfield. Clean runoff should be diverted inland for percolation to underlying groundwater, and potentially contaminated runoff should be collected and treated. Treatment will be dependent on type of potential contamination
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(e.g. oil water separator for runoff contaminated with hydrocarbons, or settling pond or tank for sediment laden runoff).
These erosion and sediment control measures must also be applied to the quarry sites.
8.8 WASTE WATER MANAGEMENT
There are a number of activities during construction and operation phases of the project which will generate wastewater. During construction wastewater will be generated by the sanitation facilities provided for workers and as there is no reticulated wastewater treatment system at APW, the contractor is responsible for the collection and treatment of the generated wastewater from sanitation facilities. There are a number of options regarding sewage treatment that the contractor can implement to mitigate the potential impacts on the land and or water (ocean or groundwater). These include installation of a septic tank (to be approved by SAA and PUMA), using an existing waste removal contractor to remove the waste to Tafaigata, use of composting systems or a mobile proprietary treatment system (to be imported for the project). The Contractor is responsible for ensuring the treatment and disposal of wastewater is in accordance with SAA and PUMA and approved by Client’s Consulting Engineer.
Wastewater from wash down areas is to be collected either in a settlement pond or tank to allow sediment and particulate matter to drop out (or processed through a filtration system) before the water can be reused as wash water, dust suppression or in other processes. A separate wash down area is required for machinery or material with oil or fuel residue as this wash water is required to be treated through a mobile oil water separator. Wash water from concrete production, cutting, washing of equipment used and areas where concrete is produced must be collected and treated to lower the pH (closer to neutral) and to allow settlement of suspended solids. All wash down areas and wastewater treatment areas should be located within the construction lay down areas.
Treated wash water where possible should be reused for dust suppression or within other processes. Direct discharge to the marine or coastal environment or to the areas prone to flooding are strictly prohibited. Discharges of treated wash water are to occur to land only at least 500m from any bore used for potable water at a rate not exceeding 20mm/day or the infiltration rate of the ground (i.e. no ponding or runoff). Contractors must have sufficient measures to avoid direct discharges when working adjacent to the marine and coastal environment, particularly for the runway resurfacing component, which may include bunding (e.g. sand bags), demarcation of exclusion zones, and limited use of large machinery.
Precautions should be in place to prevent wastewater and hazardous substances or materials entering the environment (e.g. fuel spillage, wastewater containing fire retardant during firefighting), however should an incident occur, the Contractor must have a spill response plan in place. The response plan should include details on the use of spill kits and absorbent items to prevent spills entering the receiving sensitive environment (ground, surface water). This spill response plan should be applicable to all SAIP project works areas (airport, trenching routes, quarries, and transport routes). A spill response plan should be in place for both the construction phase and operational phase.
There is no reticulated sewer network on the island, septic tanks are utilised. If access to the airport existing facilities are not available, any temporary toilets and disposal or treatment of septic waste
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8.9 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
The Contractor will develop a Solid Waste Management Plan (SWMP) to be submitted as part of the CESMP for clearance by the Client Consulting Engineer. At all times, the Contractor is responsible for the safe and sound disposal of all solid waste generated by the Works.
The SWMP should adhere to the Samoa Waste Management Act (2010) and follow the guidelines provided in Appendix G. As a minimum the SWMP will make provisions for the following:
Describe the solid waste streams generated by the works along with estimated quantities. Develop a plan for safe storage and handling of waste stored on the project site as per the stipulations in this PESMP. Identify approved service providers for collection and disposal of waste and stipulate conditions of carriage. Detail the approved disposal methods along with appropriate permissions. Solid waste and septic waste water can be disposed of at Tafaigata Landfill, subject to MNRE SWM Department approval. Contractor shall determine whether any quantities of hazardous waste materials generated by the project are suitable to be handled at the Tafaigata incinerator and obtain any permissions necessary. Contractor shall determine an MNRE approved site for the disposal of organic biodegradable waste in a suitable facility which is equipped to safely handle this type of waste. Recyclable waste may be supplied to a local receiver licensed to process such waste. Contractor to identify shipping route and licensed disposal facilities for all exported waste. Contractor to identify any export permits or conditions for export of waste. Identify those persons responsible for implementing and monitoring the SWMP.
Any waste which cannot be safely and correctly disposed of in Samoa is to be disposed of OFFSHORE in permitted or licensed facilities. It is the Contractor’s responsibility to obtain all necessary permissions for transport and safe disposal of hazardous waste from the project site in a legally designated hazardous waste management site within the country or in another country, and to ensure compliance with all relevant laws. Evidence will need to be supplied to the Client’s Consulting Engineer of proper disposal of waste at the final location.
The export of any hazardous waste must be in compliance with the Basel and Waigani Conventions and any relevant laws enacted by source and the recipient countries.
Disused material will be generated (from the temporary repair works, the final pavement works, and potentially from the civil works for airfield lighting and NAVAIDS) in the form of asphalt millings concrete rubble and surplus materials from excavations. Most of the clean fill material can either be used to backfill areas where old equipment or infrastructure has been removed or as a resource (e.g. crushed asphalt and basecourse material) for general use by SAA or PWD and the community. Clean fill materials which are not able to be reused within the timeframe of the project implementation shall be transported to a location approved by the Ministry of Works, Transport and Infrastructure (MWTI) to be stored for future use by the Ministry. This location shall also be subject to approval by
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Unless otherwise instructed by the Client’s Consulting Engineer, other surplus materials not needed during the defects liability period shall be removed from the site and the country.
8.10 SOCIAL IMPACT MEASURES
8.10.1 Labour Influx
In addition to the Codes of Conduct that the Contractor will prepare for GBV/CAE, the Contractor will also prepare a Code of Conduct to describe the expected behaviours of their project worker in relation to the local communities and their social sensitivities.
For recruitment of Samoan nationals which cannot be fulfilled by the local community, it is preferred that it is undertaken through a formal recruitment process which ensures that only people who are already employed are travelling to the project site. Employment of casual labour through an ad hoc process at the project site may encourage potential workers from across Samoa to migrate to the project site for the possibility of work and this should be avoided. This opportunistic influx would have the potential to create a negative burden on the local communities in terms of their available resources and increases in anti-social or insensitive behaviour.
Any project staff who are recruited from overseas are subject to visa approval. As part of the visa application process, all workers are required to submit a medical report (Government of Samoa form MPMC102), an element of which is a HIV test. All oversea workers must complete this test and submit their medical report to the immigration department before appropriate visas can be issued.
In addition to this medical requirement, the Contractor is to ensure that all overseas project staff undergo a cultural familiarisation session as part of their induction training. The purpose of this induction will be to introduce the project staff to the cultural sensitivities of the local communities and the expected behaviours of the staff in their interactions with these communities. The Client’s Consulting Engineer shall provide to the Contractor a list of approved service providers which shall include recognized NGOs and others for conducting this training.
As per the Samoan Labour and Employment Relations Act 2013, Part VII Terms and Conditions of Employment article 51 – Employment of Children “(1) A person must not employ a child under the age of 15 in a place of employment except in safe and light work suited to his or her capacity, and subject to conditions as may be determined by the CEO. (2) A person must not employ a child under the age of 18 years on dangerous machinery or in any occupation or in any place under working conditions injurious or likely to be injurious to the physical or moral health of such child.” Due to the OHS considerations of working on this type of project, the Contractor shall ensure that no children under the age of 18 are employed to work in a construction or physically demanding role.
8.10.2 General Social Mitigations
Any impacts or concerns from communities close to APW, the quarries or haul routes will be addressed throughout the SAIP life through the disclosure and public consultation process (refer Section 5). Where possible local labour and businesses will be used to provide services and building
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9 PESMP IMPLEMENTATION
9.1 ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES The following are the roles and responsibilities:
• SAA PST: The SAA PST manages the project on behalf of the GoV. The PST: o Acts on behalf of the client and works closely with SAA and all contracted parties to ensure that SAIP objectives are delivered in a compliant manner consistent with client and SAA requirements. o Conducting quarterly safeguard audits with the Client’s Consulting Engineer’s environmental specialist and other staff o Responsible for working with SAA and Client’s Consulting Engineer (and contractors where appropriate for CESMP) to implement consultation plans for the SAIP upgrade works. o Monitors and manages of complaints/incidents logged via the GRM mechanism on www.saip.ws. o During the construction phase, PST receives reporting from the Client’s Consulting Engineer and shares these reports with the SAA, MWTIMWTI, PUMA (to comply with permit monitoring requirements) and TFSU. o PST is responsible for managing recurring instances of non-compliance by the contractor as they are reported by the Client’s Consulting Engineer and all instances of non-compliance by the Client’s Consulting Engineer. PST will conduct their own quarterly on-site audit of construction works, to supervise CESMP and PESMP implementation. • TFSU: The TFSU provides technical assistance with project implementation to SAA PST. TFSU receives the Client’s Consulting Engineers reporting via PST and receives the quarterly PESMP and CESMP audit report. TFSU safeguards specialist monitors these reports for consistency and compliance. TFSU provides these safeguard reports to WB for review. TFSU also receives all new and updated PESMP or CESMP for review. TFSU provides these reviewed instruments to WB for approval. TFSU safeguard specialist provides periodical in- country inspection of project site for PESMP compliance. • Client’s Consulting Engineer: is responsible for the day to day oversight of the construction works for the project, including safeguard compliance. The Client’s Consulting Engineer is the only party who is contractually able to provide instruction to the Contractor. The Client’s Consulting Engineer will work closely with the Contractor on a daily basis to ensure that APW works are implemented in a compliant manner consistent with the detailed designs provided and the PESMP. They are responsible for: o Daily monitoring the Contractors work for compliance with the CESMP and PESMP as per the measures detailed in Appendix B, C and D and providing safeguard monitoring results in their monthly reporting to PST. As part of their CESMP monitoring responsibilities, the Client’s Consulting Engineer will ensure that a suitably qualified and experience safeguard specialist is resourced to provide at least monthly site inspections to APW and available for support at other times to respond to incidents, non-compliances, review of CESMP, update of the PESMP and other tasks.
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o Managing the review process of CESMPs for approval. The Client’s Consulting Engineer must ensure that all current safeguard instruments have been reviewed internally as well as by PST, TFSU, WB and final approval from WB has been secured before disclosure. o Updating the PESMP as necessary to reflect changes in the designs. o Working with PST to provide meaningful input and direction into community consultations on the draft updated versions of the PESMP. o Managing instances of non compliance by the Contractor and reporting all instances to PST. They are also responsible for escalating recurring instances of non compliance by the Contractor to PST for action. o Managing and responding to all direct complaints/incidents received by their representatives as per the GRM process in Section 9.3 and reporting all instances to PST for inclusion into statistical database. • Contractor: It is the contractors responsibility to: o Prepare and have cleared by the Client’s Consulting Engineer the CESMP in accordance with this PESMP. o Carry out the APW upgrade works in accordance with the CESMP. o Conduct daily and weekly safeguard inspections of the works to ensure compliance and reporting the results of these inspections to the Client’s Consulting Engineer. o Proactively update the CESMP as construction methodology or other features change. o Provide meaningful input and direction into community consultations on the draft CESMP. o Advise the Client’s Consulting Engineer of any changes to works or methods that are outside the scope of the PESMP for updating. o Post all notifications specified in this PESMP at the site entrance. o Report all environmental and OHS incidents to the Client’s Consulting Engineer for any action. • SAA: As the site owner and airport operator, SAA have a role in ensuring stipulated OHS measures are being implemented as they relate to airport operations, such as the location and timing of works, signing off on the MWOP etc. They also have a role in approving uses of areas of their site for particular uses as they may relate or impact on airport operations (e.g. laydown sites). They will be involved in consultations and any publication of information relating to the works. There will also be ongoing airport operational monitoring requirements of SAA. The Figure 16 below shows the safeguard reporting responsibilities for APW as described in this PESMP.
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WB Receives TFSU safeguard reporting
MWTI TFSU PUMA Compile monthly Client’s Consulting Receives monthly Client’s Receives reporting as per Engineer report and quarterly PST Consulting Engineer report for MWTI requirements audit into TFSU reporting environmental permit compliance
SAA PST Quarterly Safeguard Auditing
Client’s Consulting Engineer Monthly Safeguard Reporting
Contractor Incident reporting Weekly Reporting
Figure 16: Safeguard Reporting Responsibilities for APW
9.2 INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY
The GoS has delegated the delivery and management of SAIP to the SAA Project Support Team which has been resourced with personnel specifically tasked to manage project implementation. As such, the PST carries much of the institutional capacity required by the GoS to implement the project and to monitor the works for compliance. The PST does not current have in-house safeguards specialists therefore capacity building may be necessary to ensure that they are able to monitor for compliance with the PESMP, World Bank policies and Samoan legislation. For any additional support in areas of expertise that may be required by PST, the PAIP TFSU is tasked with either providing that support directly or assisting with any procurement of additional expertise or capacity that may be required.
Other parties to this PESMP who have implementation or monitoring responsibilities (Client’s Consulting Engineer, Contractor) are required to be resourced with suitably experienced and qualified safeguards specialists.
It is the responsibility of the Contractor and Client’s Consulting Engineer to ensure that they allocate budget lines to have the necessary tools and equipment for the mitigation and monitoring measures as stipulated in this PESMP. At this stage, it not anticipated that budget needs to be allocated for equipment, capacity building or training through this PESMP.
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9.3 GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM
The Grievance Redress Mechanism offers remedies appropriate to the scale of the grievance. Grievances may be lodged in person, via telephone, e-mail, through the project web site, or by letter. They may be lodged with the SAA PST, the Contractor and/or the Client’s Consulting Engineer.
All grievances are to be logged by the SAA PST into the ‘Grievance and Complaints Logging System’ (GCLS) database for tracking and reporting on resolution. In accordance with the World Bank’s ‘Citizen Engagement’ commitments under IDA 17, key indicators from the GRM are published online at www.saip.vws.
All complaints must be acknowledged within 24hrs. The following procedure is followed to address complaints:
If it is impossible to resolve the complaint, or the complainant is not satisfied with the resolution, the case may be first escalated to PUMA division of MNRE and, if still unable to be resolved, it may be referred to legal proceedings in accordance with Samoan laws and procedures.
Signage at site entrances, at the airport and at other key public locations will be displayed by the Contractor outlining the above complaints procedures and contact details for making complaints will be provided. Signage layout, format, language and content is to be agreed in consultation with SAIP PST.
In addition to the above project level GRM, ccommunities and individuals who believe that they are adversely affected by a WB supported project may submit complaints to existing project-level grievance redress mechanisms or the WB’s Grievance Redress Service (GRS). The GRS ensures that complaints received are promptly reviewed in order to address project-related concerns.
Project affected communities and individuals may submit their complaint to the WB’s independent Inspection Panel which determines whether harm occurred, or could occur, as a result of WB non- compliance with its policies and procedures.
There may be instances where the grievance may be of a very personal or sensitive nature. In these case the above project level GRM may not be the most appropriate method of reporting. The SAA PST should identify a local organisation such as a social welfare NGO or intermediary who would be an appropriate first point of contact for these types of grievances. This intermediary will then act on
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Complaints may be submitted at any time after concerns have been brought directly to the WB’s attention, and WB Management has been given an opportunity to respond.
For information on how to submit complaints to the World Bank’s corporate GRS, please visit http://www.worldbank.org/GRS. For information on how to submit complaints to the World Bank Inspection Panel, please visit www.inspectionpanel.org.
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10 COMPLIANCE AND MONITORING PLAN
10.1 MONITORING PLAN The PESMP identifies the environmental and social monitoring requirements to ensure that all the mitigation measures identified in this PESMP are implemented effectively. Environmental and social monitoring methodology (refer Appendix C) for this project includes:
• Audit of detailed designs. • Audit and approval of site environmental planning documents. • Consultations with communities and other stakeholders as required. • Routine site inspection of construction works to confirm or otherwise the implementation and effectiveness of required environmental mitigation measures (refer to inspection checklist in Appendix D). Non-compliance to environmental mitigation measures identified in the PESMP will be advised to the Contractor(s) in writing by the Client’s Consulting Engineer in the first instance. The non- compliance notification will identify the problem, including the actions the Contractor needs to take and a time frame for implementing the corrective action. Recurring instances of non-compliance will be referred to SAA PST for follow up action.
10.2 MONITORING PLAN REPORTING Throughout the construction period, the Client’s Consulting Engineer will include results of their weekly PESMP monitoring, along with the details of any incidents report by the Contractor, in a monthly report for submission to the SAA PST who is responsible for submitting these monthly progress reports to the World Bank through the PAIP TFSU. The format of the monthly report shall be agreed with all agencies but is recommended to include the following aspects:
• Description and results of environmental monitoring activities undertaken during the month; • Status of implementation of relevant environmental mitigation measures pertaining to the works; • Key environmental problems encountered and actions taken to rectify problems; • Summary of non-compliance notifications issued to the Contractor during the month, actions taken and non-compliances closed out; • Summary of complaints received, actions taken and complaints closed out; • Key environmental and social issues to be addressed in the coming month; • Training records; • Health and Safety Indicators; • Summary of consultation / stakeholder engagement undertaken; • Copies of environmental inspection reports; and • Summary of reported incidents, actions taken and recommendations for follow up. A day to day contract diary is to be maintained pertaining to administration of the contract, request forms and orders given to the Contractors, and any other information which may at a later date be
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There are monitoring requirements associated with this PESMP that are applicable once SAIP has concluded and normal airport operations have resumed. At this stage, there is no vehicle for continuing with safeguard monitoring during operations and it is recommended that this be incorporated into existing or new SAA processes. This PESMP should be updated to reflect the SAA environmental and social monitoring and reporting processes before the completion of the project.
SAA PST are responsible for quarterly progress reports to the WB. This quarterly progress report will include a section on safeguard compliance and issues. This section will cover (as a minimum):
• The overall compliance with implementation of the PESMP. • Any environmental issues arising as a result of project works and how these issues will be remedied or mitigated; • OHS performance; • Community consultation updates; • Public notification and communications; • Schedule for completion of project works; and • Summary of any complaints received, actions taken and complaints closed out.
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11 CONTINGENCY PLANNING
The SAA Assistant General Manager for Operations (AGMO) is the contact person for emergency situations that may arise during the implementation of the SAIP and terminal upgrade projects. The SAA AGMO will be available 24 hours a day, seven days a week, and has delegated authority to stop or direct works. In the event of an environmental emergency, the procedures outlined below are recommended for SAA to consider for implementation.
As part of their CESMP, the Contractors are required to prepare a Contingency Plan encompassing cyclone and storm events. The purpose of the plan is to ensure all staff are fully aware of their responsibilities in respect to human safety and environmental risk reduction. Procedures should clearly delineate the roles and responsibilities of staff; define the functions to be performed by them, the process to be followed in the performance of these functions including tools and equipment to be kept in readiness, and an emergency medical plan. All of the Contractor’s staff should undergo training/induction to the plan.
The wet season in Samoa is usually November to April which coincides with the cyclone season. While it is preferable to undertake construction works outside of the wet season, it is currently anticipated that construction will take 6-8 months to complete and it is therefore probable that storm and heavy rain events will occur while works are underway.
The Contractors are responsible for monitoring weather forecasts, inspecting all erosion and sediment control measures and undertaking any remedial works required prior to the forecast rain or storm event.
In general the Contractors will:
• Inspect daily weather patterns to anticipate periods of risk and be prepared to undertake remedial works on erosion and sediment control measures to suit the climatic conditions. • Monitor the effectiveness of such measures after storms and incorporate improvements where possible in accordance with best management practice. • Ensure appropriate resources are available to deal with the installation of additional controls as and when needed. • Inform Client’s Consulting Engineer if there are any concerns associated with the measures in place.
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APPENDIX A: DESIGN PLANS
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APPENDIX B: MITIGATION MEASURES
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POTENTIAL NEGATIVE IMPLEMENTING ESTIMATED SUPERVISING ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MITIGATION MEASURES EXECUTING AGENCY IMPACT LOCATION MITIGATION COSTS10 AGENCY DETAILED DESIGN/ PRE-CONSTRUCTION MOBILISATION STAGE Road traffic safety The bid documents will require a Traffic Management Plan (TMP) to be From port to airport Minimal (requirement Design Consultant Samoa Airport developed by Contractor, to include signage, flag operators, personnel (delivery of of bidding (Pavements) Authority Project protective equipment (e.g. high visibility vest), and specific actions (e.g. equipment/ documents) Support Team regulating working hours for haul trucks, installation of speed bumps and materials) (SAA PST) prohibition of engine braking) to be implemented around sensitive To and from the receptors (e.g. residential dwellings, schools, hospital). TMP to include construction lay vehicle and pedestrian traffic. down area and the quarries Include transport of materials and equipment to construction lay down area (likely to be located at the airport) in the TMP e.g. covering of loads, maximum speed, designated travel times and notification of police and other required departments (e.g. hospital and schools). Aviation traffic safety Each investment within an operational airport is to have a Methods of Operational airports Minimal (requirement Design Consultants SAA PST Works Plan (MOWP) which is to be included in all bid and contract of bidding documents (all contracts) documents. The Contractors are to develop a Safety Management Plan as and standard an addendum to the MOWP. The MOWP will include details of site works construction scheduling around known flight timetables and procedures for emergency practices) response for all workers. Soil erosion Minimize erosion and design erosion protection measures according to All locations Minimal (part of Design Consultants SAA PST international good practice standards, including incorporation of effective standard design (all contracts) drainage systems (soakage pits) and consideration of surface flow paths. practices)
Wherever feasible, schedule excavation works for the dry season months (May to October)
Develop Contingency Plan for works to allow for anticipated construction Contractor SAA PST start date during the wet season. Contingency Plan must detail soil erosion prevention measures in event of storm or heavy rain event.
Works should be in accordance with Codes of Environmental Practice SAA PST/PUMA (COEP) 11 and 13.
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POTENTIAL NEGATIVE IMPLEMENTING ESTIMATED SUPERVISING ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MITIGATION MEASURES EXECUTING AGENCY IMPACT LOCATION MITIGATION COSTS10 AGENCY Dust / Odours / Air Identify and locate waste disposal sites, stockpile sites and equipment (e.g. All components Minimal (part of Contractor Client’s Pollution asphalt plant) at least 300 to 500 m downwind of any settlements or standard design Consulting inhabited areas and 150 m away from any water bodies, streams or rivers, practices) Engineer / PUMA to minimize impacts on the environment and nearby population.
The CESMP should include a provision for quarry dust control; all equipment including crushers, aggregate processors, generators etc. should / if possible, be located in the quarry pit to minimize dust emissions. Works should be in compliance with COEP 8.
Ensure all equipment is serviced and issued with warrant of fitness (as required). Any machinery deemed to be polluting the air must be replaced (or fixed) on instruction by the Client’s Consulting Engineer and/or the PUMA.
Water and soil pollution Soakage pits should not be installed directly into a shallow aquifer. All components Minimal (part of Design Consultants SAA PST standard design and Oil water separators should be included to treat runoff from the apron and construction Contractor Client’s maintenance hangers. practices) Consulting Engineer Minimise risk to groundwater and surrounding soil by developing a spill response plan and provide training to all contract workers on how to implement the spill response plan. Precautions should be in place to prevent wastewater and hazardous substances or materials entering the environment (e.g. fuel spillage, wastewater containing fire retardant during firefighting), The spill response plan should include factors associated with both the construction and operational phases and should be available at all SAIP locations.
Ensure bunded areas and hard stands are allocated at construction lay down area for the storage of fuel, lubricants and other potential substances required for the project. Water tight bunds to be able to contain 110% of volumes being stored or 25% if total volume greater than 1,000 L.
Ensure wash down areas with respective collection and treatment systems are designated within the construction camp (e.g. settling pond or tank and concrete slurry treatment) prior to works commencing.
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POTENTIAL NEGATIVE IMPLEMENTING ESTIMATED SUPERVISING ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MITIGATION MEASURES EXECUTING AGENCY IMPACT LOCATION MITIGATION COSTS10 AGENCY
Sanitation treatment system (e.g. removal of waste to landfill, compost or proprietary treatment system) is approved by the Client’s Consulting Engineer prior to implementation.
Client’s Consulting Engineer to undertaken groundwater monitoring prior to any site establishment or construction activities at bores within 100 m of Client’s Consulting APW (to be coordinated with SWA and bore owner) to determine base line Engineer SAA PST / SWA conditions. Measure depth to groundwater and analyse samples for concentrations of pH, electrical conductivity, total petroleum hydrocarbons (for potential petroleum contamination), and total nitrogen (for potential sewage contamination), or as agreed with SWA.
Water supply The Contractors will need to ensure adequate supply of water for All components Minimal (part of Contractor Client’s construction and personnel which does not adversely affect local standard design Consulting community’s water supply. practices) Engineer & SWA
Sourcing aggregate Ensure aggregate is sourced from approved/ permitted quarry sources and All components Minimal (part of Contractor Client’s material are operating in accordance with Samoa law. Prior to any quarries being standard design and Consulting selected for the SAIP project, public consultation will be completed with any construction Engineer & affected parties relating to new or re-opened quarry sites. Should it be practices) PUMA /MNRE identified that a new quarry site will be required for the SAIP project, the requirements of the World Bank Involuntary Resettlement Operational Policy (OP 4.12) will need to be implemented. Under Samoan law a Development Consent is required prior to the commencement of any new quarry enterprise.
Consenting requirements will need Contractors to include provision for quarry specific plans including environmental management, health and safety and rehabilitation. All quarry development and operations must be in compliance with COEP 8 Solid waste generation Solid waste includes: All locations Minimal (part of Contractor Client’s standard design and Consulting • General waste (i.e. office type waste, household waste (from any construction Engineer workers camps), lightweight packaging materials). practices)
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POTENTIAL NEGATIVE IMPLEMENTING ESTIMATED SUPERVISING ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MITIGATION MEASURES EXECUTING AGENCY IMPACT LOCATION MITIGATION COSTS10 AGENCY • Recyclable waste (i.e. certain plastics, metals, rubber etc. that can be recycled). • Organic biodegradable waste (i.e. waste that will decay / break down in a reasonable amount of time, such as green waste, food waste). • Inorganic non-recyclable waste (i.e. waste that cannot decompose / break down and which cannot be recycled). • Hazardous waste (i.e. asbestos, waste oil etc.) The Contractor will develop a Solid Waste Management Plan (SWMP) to be submitted as part of the CESMP for clearance by the WB. At all times, the Contractor is responsible for the safe and sound disposal of all solid waste generated by the Works.
The SWMP should, as a minimum make provisions for the following:
Describe the solid waste streams generated by the works along with estimated quantities. Develop a plan for safe storage and handling of waste stored on the project site as per the stipulations in this PESMP. Identify approved service providers for collection and disposal of waste and stipulate conditions of carriage. Detail the approved disposal methods along with appropriate permissions. General waste and septic waste water can be disposed of at Tafaigata Landfill, subject to MNRE SWM Department approval. Contractor shall determine whether any quantities of hazardous waste materials generated by the project are suitable to be handled at the Tafaigata incinerator and obtain any permissions necessary.
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POTENTIAL NEGATIVE IMPLEMENTING ESTIMATED SUPERVISING ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MITIGATION MEASURES EXECUTING AGENCY IMPACT LOCATION MITIGATION COSTS10 AGENCY Contractor shall determine an MNRE approved site for the disposal of organic biodegradable waste in a suitable facility which is equipped to safely handle this type of waste. Recyclable waste may be supplied to a local receiver licensed to process such waste. Contractor to identify shipping route and licensed disposal facilities for all exported waste. Contractor to identify any export permits or conditions for export of waste. Identify those persons responsible for implementing and monitoring the SWMP. All other waste is to be disposed of OFFSHORE in permitted or licensed facilities. It is the Contractor’s responsibility to obtain all necessary permissions for transport and safe disposal of hazardous waste from the project site in a legally designated hazardous waste management site within the country or in another country, and to ensure compliance with all relevant laws. Evidence will need to be supplied to the Client’s Consulting Engineer of proper disposal of waste at the final location.
The export of any hazardous waste must be in compliance with the Basel and Waigani Conventions and any relevant laws enacted by source and the recipient countries.
Disused material will be generated (from the temporary repair works, the final pavement works, and potentially from the civil works for airfield lighting and NAVAIDS) in the form of asphalt millings concrete rubble and surplus materials from excavations. Most of the clean fill material can either be used to backfill areas where old equipment or infrastructure has been removed or as a resource (e.g. crushed asphalt and basecourse material) for general use by SAA or PWD and the community. Clean fill materials which are not able to be reused within the timeframe of the project implementation shall be transported to a location approved by the Ministry of Works, Transport and Infrastructure (MWTI) to be stored for future use 96 Revision 6 v4 – April 2017 Adapted from AECOM IESMP APW Aug 2016
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POTENTIAL NEGATIVE IMPLEMENTING ESTIMATED SUPERVISING ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MITIGATION MEASURES EXECUTING AGENCY IMPACT LOCATION MITIGATION COSTS10 AGENCY by the Ministry. This location shall also be subject to approval by the Client’s Consulting Engineer. These materials shall be removed from the site area and safely disposed of in compliance with any local requirements at the Employer’s nominated disposal site(s) and/or disposed of at the Contractor’s quarry site(s), before the start of the defects liability period.
Unless otherwise instructed by the Client’s Consulting Engineer, other surplus materials not needed during the defects liability period shall be removed from the site and the country.
Hazardous substances Where possible fuel shall be obtained from local commercially available All locations Minimal (part of Contractors SAA PST sources. Prior arrangement regarding quantity and type will need to be mobilisation and organised by the contractor. All fuel to be stored in self-bunded containers construction planning) In all SAIP project locations, fuel should only be stored in designated areas that are designed to store and facilitate operations associated with it (e.g. re-fuelling).
Spill Response Plan to be developed by Contractor. The response plan should include details on the use of spill kits and absorbent items to prevent spills entering the receiving sensitive environment (ground, surface water). This spill response plan should be applicable to all SAIP project works areas (airport, quarries, and transport routes). A spill response plan should be in place for both the construction phase and operational phase.
Identify suitable area for hardstand and bunded storage areas as per section
8.
All empty asphalt or bitumen drums will be removed offshore and either returned to supplier or disposed of in a legally approved facility outside Samoa.
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POTENTIAL NEGATIVE IMPLEMENTING ESTIMATED SUPERVISING ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MITIGATION MEASURES EXECUTING AGENCY IMPACT LOCATION MITIGATION COSTS10 AGENCY Fuel Storage (permanent For all new permanent or fixed fuel storage installations: PC1 and associated Minimal (part of Design Engineers SAA PST and fixed installations) Accidental Tank overfill alarm to warn of spill during unattended diesel genset fuel design and inherent tank filling tanks procurement) All fuel system components to have tamperproof devices such as locks. Fuel line to be adequately protected and supported to prevent rupture due to vibrational cracking, joint failure, corrosion. Engine fire protection shall cause immediate fuel shut off to assist in fire extinguishing and stop fuel spill. Smallest fuel tank(s) to be installed that meet ICAO operational requirements for genset endurance time. This limits the maximum quantity of fuel that can be split. Engines to be enclosed in containment bath. Fuel tanks to be double walled or double skinned.
Importation of The Contractor is to arrange for their vehicles and machinery to be All components Minimal (part of Contractor Client’s equipment and materials thoroughly cleaned of all contamination prior to shipping (e.g. soil, rocks, mobilisation and Consulting plant material, seeds, etc). Items shipped inside containers must also have construction Engineer the inside of the container thoroughly cleaned of all previous cargo planning) residues, including dunnage.
Obtain import permits and quarantine certification prior to export from country of origin. Certificate of fumigation and verification of source (or proof that material is free of contamination) to be submitted to Quarantine Inspectors and approved by the Client’s Consulting Engineer prior to delivery to site. Community grievances Ensure that public consultation and disclosure communication is completed All components Minimal (part of Client’s Consulting SAA PST & TFSU at regular intervals to ensure that the public are fully aware of the SAIP mobilisation and Engineer works. Consultation should include all aspects of the project including the construction airport site, quarries and transport routes. Consultation should include all planning) aspects of the project including the airport site, quarries and transport routes. Consultation shall include raising awareness of the project GRM, how to complain and how complaints will be managed. Consultations shall be carried out in line with COEP 3.
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POTENTIAL NEGATIVE IMPLEMENTING ESTIMATED SUPERVISING ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MITIGATION MEASURES EXECUTING AGENCY IMPACT LOCATION MITIGATION COSTS10 AGENCY Advertise, maintain and operate a grievance response mechanism, including SAA PST TFSU publishing statistics on resolutions, at www.saip.ws.
Airport concessionaires / Ensure that local businesses and airport commissionaires are included in the Airport Minimal (part of Client’s Consulting SAA PST & TFSU local business grievances public consultation and disclosure communication process. Regular mobilisation and Engineer communication should be made with affected parties to ensure that they construction are fully aware of the proposed program of works and how to complain and planning) how complaints will be managed. CONSTRUCTION STAGE Traffic (vehicle and Implement the traffic management plan (TMP) to ensure smooth traffic flow Route from quarries Safety equipment Construction Client’s pedestrian) and and safety for workers, passing vehicles and pedestrian traffic. and port to airport included in Contractors Consulting construction safety construction cost Engineer Where appropriate, employ flag operators on the road to prevent traffic accidents. The workers shall have relevant safety equipment and training.
The TMP should prohibit the use of engine breaking close to and through communities and inhabited areas, it should also regulate the working hours for the haul trucks. Soil erosion Minimise time and size of ground disturbing activities to workable size at All locations Minimal (part of Construction Client’s any one time. Earthworks to be in accordance with COEP 13; ensure standard construction Contractors Consulting sediment traps are in place prior to works commencing. Vegetation to be practice) Engineer removed manually, strictly no use of herbicides/ pesticides.
Division bunding or other similar methods to be used for large areas of vegetation clearance and around excavations.
Keep construction vehicles on defined tracks.
Re-vegetate disturbed areas that are not being paved as soon as practicable (loosen ground; apply topsoil; seed or plant as necessary).
No land disturbance should occur directly adjacent or in the receiving marine environment which is located approximately 100 m north of APW. Waste disposal Ensure all construction waste material is re-used, recycled, returned to All locations Minimal (part of Construction Client’s supplier, or packed up for transport to approved disposal site or out of standard construction Contractors Consulting practice) Engineer 99 Revision 6 v4 – April 2017 Adapted from AECOM IESMP APW Aug 2016
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POTENTIAL NEGATIVE IMPLEMENTING ESTIMATED SUPERVISING ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MITIGATION MEASURES EXECUTING AGENCY IMPACT LOCATION MITIGATION COSTS10 AGENCY country depending on accepted waste streams at each facility (see Section 8.9).
Ensure all general waste (as defined in section 3.4.7) is disposed of at the Tafaigata Landfill
Ensure areas for waste collection, recycling and off-site disposal are clearly marked/sign posted. Segregate waste to avoid cross contamination, such as with contaminated material (hazardous substance).
Install waste collection facilities at construction lay down area to allow for collection and packing of waste. Strictly no dumping of rubbish. Include awareness training in general environmental training.
If access to airport facilities is not available, workers must be provided with a sanitary system to prevent fouling of surrounding soils. Sanitary system must be of sufficient size for the number of workers and must take into account the disposal situation at Tafaigata landfill.
Some hazardous waste may be eligible for incineration at Tafaigata landfill. All other hazardous waste is to be disposed of offhsore in permitted or licensed facilities. It is the Contractor’s responsibility to obtain all necessary permissions for transport and safe disposal of hazardous waste from the project site in a legally designated hazardous waste management site within the country or in another country, and to ensure compliance with all relevant laws. Evidence will need to be supplied to the Client’s Consulting Engineer of proper disposal of waste at the final location.
With the approval of the Client’s Consulting Engineer, organic biodegradable waste may be deposited in designated dumping areas in reasonable quantities, preferably at Tafaigata landfill or other such suitable facilities which do not lead to FOD generation or allow for leachate to reach soils or groundwater.
Disused Material (millings, excavation materials, concrete rubble) can either be used to backfill areas where old equipment or infrastructure has been
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POTENTIAL NEGATIVE IMPLEMENTING ESTIMATED SUPERVISING ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MITIGATION MEASURES EXECUTING AGENCY IMPACT LOCATION MITIGATION COSTS10 AGENCY removed or as a resource (e.g. crushed asphalt and basecourse material) for general use by SAA or PWD and the community. Clean fill materials which are not able to be reused within the timeframe of the project implementation shall be transported to a location approved by the Ministry of Works, Transport and Infrastructure (MWTI) to be stored for future use by the Ministry. This location shall also be subject to approval by the Client’s Consulting Engineer.
All surplus material from excavations shall be removed from the site area and safely disposed of in compliance with any local requirements at the Employer’s nominated disposal site(s) and/or disposed of at the Contractor’s quarry site(s), before the start of the defects liability period.
Unless otherwise instructed by the Client’s Consulting Engineer, other surplus materials not needed during the defects liability period shall be removed from the site and the country
There is no reticulated sewer network on the island, septic tanks are utilised. The Contractor is responsible for the collection and treatment of the septic waste. Temporary toilets and disposal or treatment of wastewater will need to be in accordance with the PUMA and SAA advice (for example construction and training in use of compositing toilet facilities). Water and soil pollution Hydrocarbons (lubricants / fuel) shall be collected and recycled, or disposed All locations Minimal (part of Construction Client’s of according to Samoan regulations (incinerated or removed from country – standard construction Contractors Consulting see section 8.2). practice) Engineer & PUMA/MNRE Spill response kits available at all locations where fuel is stored.
Spill response plan training completed for all construction workers.
Precautions should be in place to prevent wastewater and hazardous substances / materials entering the environment (e.g. fuel spillage, wastewater containing fire retardant during firefighting), however should an incident occur, the Contractor must have a spill response plan must be in place. The response plan should include details on the use of spill kits and absorbent items to prevent spills entering the receiving sensitive
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POTENTIAL NEGATIVE IMPLEMENTING ESTIMATED SUPERVISING ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MITIGATION MEASURES EXECUTING AGENCY IMPACT LOCATION MITIGATION COSTS10 AGENCY environment (ground, surface water). This spill response plan should be applicable to all SAIP project works areas (airport, quarries, and transport routes). A spill response plan should be in place for both the construction phase and operational phase.
Zones for preliminary accumulation of waste should be designated in areas that will cause no damage to the vegetation cover or leach into groundwater or surface water (e.g. within construction lay down area on hard surface).
Excavations are bunded to prevent ingress of water runoff and clean water diversion (e.g. sand bags, clay bund, or shallow trenches) are used to direct overland flow away from active work and storage areas. Soakage pits should not be installed directly into a shallow aquifer.
Hydrocarbon impacted soil may be identified. Any material excavated which has a PID reading of 10 ppm shall be treated as contaminated fill and, should the soil be unsuitable for incineration at Tafaigata landfill, it must be disposed of internationally at an approved facility able to handle contaminated fill. Any course of action must be approved of by the Client’s Consulting Engineer and the SWD of PUMA, if appropriate.
Minimise areas cleared of vegetation and stabilise slopes to prevent erosion. Cleared areas will be promptly revegetated. Works should be in accordance with COEP 7.
Regular cleaning of access points to prevent dirt build-up on roads.
Control overland drainage to prevent channelling and sediment transport by diverting flows away from exposed areas. Sediment laden runoff from excavations or stockpiles must be directed to a settling area or collected for dust suppression provided the runoff is not contaminated with any chemicals (e.g. fuel). Discharges of treated wash water are to occur to land only, at least 500m from any bore used for potable water at a rate not exceeding 20mm/day or the infiltration rate of the ground (i.e. no ponding or runoff).
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POTENTIAL NEGATIVE IMPLEMENTING ESTIMATED SUPERVISING ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MITIGATION MEASURES EXECUTING AGENCY IMPACT LOCATION MITIGATION COSTS10 AGENCY If required by MNRE and bore owner (SWA), during construction activities, sample groundwater at potable bores within 100 m of APW (to be coordinated with MNRE, SWA and PUMA) to indicate whether construction activities have adversely affected groundwater quality. Measure depth to groundwater and analyse samples for concentrations of pH, electrical conductivity, TPH (for potential petroleum contamination), and total nitrogen (for potential sewage contamination), or as agreed with MNRE and PUMA.
Generation of dust Use closed/covered trucks for transportation of construction materials. All locations Minimal (part of Construction Client’s standard construction Contractors Consulting Any vehicle which is overloaded (exceed designed load limit) or is not practice) Engineer covered properly shall be refused entry to the construction lay down area or material shall be refused delivery (if not to the construction lay down area).
Cover or wet down stockpiles containing fine material (e.g. sand and topsoil) when not actively being used. Wetting of stockpiles is allowed but due to freshwater constraints should be kept to a minimum.
All surfaces should be constructed to their final design solution as quickly as practicable.
Keep work areas clean with regular sweeping.
Only small areas should be cleared of vegetation at any one time and re- vegetation should occur as soon as practicable.
Dust masks and personnel protective equipment must be available for workers during dust generating activities (e.g. pavement milling).
Manage speed of transportation trucks on unsealed roads, particularly when passing through settlements. Noise and vibration Minimise nuisance from noise, especially closer to residential areas and All locations Minimal (part of Construction Client’s disturbances sensitive receptors, through establishment and communication to affected standard construction Contractors Consulting parties of working hours, including night works and avoid increase of noise practice) Engineer, SAA and number of work equipment at outside of advertised hours. Advertise PST & PUMA working hours at the site entrance. 103 Revision 6 v4 – April 2017 Adapted from AECOM IESMP APW Aug 2016
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POTENTIAL NEGATIVE IMPLEMENTING ESTIMATED SUPERVISING ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MITIGATION MEASURES EXECUTING AGENCY IMPACT LOCATION MITIGATION COSTS10 AGENCY
If possible, use noise barriers / screens or mounds to shield sensitive receptors.
It’s likely that work at APW will be completed at night, this will require approval by the SAA PST and early notice to affected peoples provided and then again at least one week prior to schedule works starting. Work on Sunday is restricted. The contractor is to determine what time Saturday night works are required to end and what time early hour Monday morning works can commence. Working during the day on Sunday is likely to only be approved in emergency situations.
For works outside normal hours, approval must be obtained from SAA/MNRE and residents within 100 m of APW must be notified 5 days before works take place.
Regularly check and maintain machinery, equipment and vehicle conditions to ensure appropriate use of mufflers, etc.
Workers in the vicinity of sources of high noise shall wear necessary protection gear rated for the situation they are being used.
Signage to outline complaints procedure (GRM) and contact details of recipient of complaints (e.g. phone number, physical address and email).
The WB/IFC EHS Guidelines11 Section 1.7 – Noise Management shall be applied. Noise impacts should not exceed the levels at the closest residential or other sensitive social receptors for one hour LAeq of 55 dBA between the hours of 0700-2200 or 45 dBA outside of these hours for night works, or result in a maximum increase in background noise levels of 3dB at the nearest receptor location off site. The nearest sensitive receptors are expected to change as the work moves along the pavements and will be determined the closest residences to the active works and to the construction camps and/or asphalt plant.
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POTENTIAL NEGATIVE IMPLEMENTING ESTIMATED SUPERVISING ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MITIGATION MEASURES EXECUTING AGENCY IMPACT LOCATION MITIGATION COSTS10 AGENCY Accident risks/Impacts on Arrange necessary measures for pedestrian and passer-by safety and all All locations Safety equipment Construction Client’s traffic safety means of transportation safety (e.g. establish protection zones, by-pass included in Contractors Consulting these areas during transportation of materials, etc.) construction cost Engineer
Relevant safety elements such as guardrails, road signs and delineators, Minimal (part of pavement markings, barricades and beams, warning lights shall be installed. standard construction In some cases a flag operator or traffic control supervisor could be engaged practice) around the specific work site.
Loss of archaeological Chance Find procedure to be followed as per Section 8.1 All locations No marginal cost Construction The Museum of artefacts or sites Contractors Samoa / SAA / Work to stop in specific location of unearthed artefacts or site. Fence the Client’s area to limit access and notify The Museum of Samoa, SAA PST and Client’s Consulting Consulting Engineer immediately for instruction to proceed. Engineer Landscape degradation Contractor to include provision for construction lay down area rehabilitation All locations Minimal (part of Construction SAA PST/ Client’s following the completion of the construction phase. standard construction Contractors Consulting practice) Engineer / PUMA Restoration of quarries to be completed in accordance with quarry permit and COEP 8.
Restoration of landscape after completion of rehabilitation works; restore the vegetation cover in accordance with the surrounding landscape and any required design (e.g. grass land or shrubs).
Use plant species characteristic for the landscape in the course of restoration of the vegetation cover.
Should the removal of mature trees be necessary for operational safety, determine whether OP4.12 would be triggered and ensure all appropriate measures and permissions are in place before removal of trees. Hazardous substances Store and handle hazardous substances self-bunded tanks or drums. With All locations Safety equipment Construction Client’s and safety and pollution the Client’s Consulting Engineer’s permission may alternatively be store in included in Contractors Consulting bunded, hard stand or designated areas only. Bunded areas to drain to an construction cost Engineer oil water separator which will need to be constructed or a mobile proprietary unit imported specifically for use on the SAIP. Bunds to contain
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POTENTIAL NEGATIVE IMPLEMENTING ESTIMATED SUPERVISING ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MITIGATION MEASURES EXECUTING AGENCY IMPACT LOCATION MITIGATION COSTS10 AGENCY 110% of total volume required to be stored or 25% of total volume if total Minimal (part of volume is over 1,000 L. standard construction practice) Provide hazard specific personnel protective equipment to workers directly involved in handling hazardous substances (e.g. chemical or heat resistant clothing, gloves).
Complete list, including safety data sheets (SDS) for each hazardous substances stored or used shall be accessible at all times. Signage to be posted in storage areas identifying all chemicals present.
Precautions should be in place to prevent wastewater and hazardous substances / materials entering the environment (e.g. fuel spillage, wastewater containing fire retardant during firefighting), however should an incident occur, the Contractors spill response plan must be in place. The response plan should include details on the use of spill kits and absorbent items to prevent spills entering the receiving sensitive environment (ground, surface water). This spill response plan should be applicable to all SAIP project works areas (airport, quarries, and transport routes). A spill response plan should be in place for both the construction phase and operational phase.
Spill kits and training of use to be provided to all workers during toolbox meetings. Spill kits to contain PPE for the spill clean-up (e.g. appropriate gloves [nitrile] and overalls), material to contain the spill and absorbent pads, and a heavy duty rubbish bag to collect absorbent pads or material.
Waste oil to be collected and removed abroad to an approved facility (for disposal or cleaning) at completion of works. Loss of biodiversity If during course of construction work, particularly vegetation clearance and All locations No marginal cost Contractors Client’s excavations any bird, reptile or mammal species is identified as being Consulting potentially impacted (e.g. nesting bird in area of proposed vegetation Engineer / SAA clearance) work is to stop in the specific location of the find and the MNRE, PST / PUMA PUMA and SAA PST be notified immediately for instruction to proceed. Health and safety Fully implement OHS requirements in PESMP Code of Practice. All locations Included as Contractor Client’s provisional sum in the Consulting bill of quantity 106 Revision 6 v4 – April 2017 Adapted from AECOM IESMP APW Aug 2016
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POTENTIAL NEGATIVE IMPLEMENTING ESTIMATED SUPERVISING ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MITIGATION MEASURES EXECUTING AGENCY IMPACT LOCATION MITIGATION COSTS10 AGENCY Have safety officer with suitable qualifications available at all times during Engineer / SAA construction. PST
Ensure all workers have undergone suitable induction training on OHS with regular training over course of project.
Prepare site specific safety plans specifying responsibilities and authorities. Health and safety documentation to include all areas of the project (e.g. airport, quarries and transport routes). Ensure all occupational health and safety requirements are in place on construction sites and in work camps.
Construction lay down area to be fenced to prevent access by unauthorised personnel.
First aid training to be provided as required to site workers with basic first aid services to be provided by Contractor e.g. stretcher, vehicle transport to hospital.
Provide education on basic hygiene practices to minimize spread of diseases.
Increase workers’ HIV/AIDS and sexually transmitted disease (STD) awareness, including information on methods of transmission and protection measures.
Prohibit usage of drugs and alcohol on construction sites and undertake regular alcohol testing.
Install lights and cautionary signs in hazardous areas.
Enhance safety and inspection procedures.
Ensure use of PPE and consider providing for on-site storage of workers allocated PPE.
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POTENTIAL NEGATIVE IMPLEMENTING ESTIMATED SUPERVISING ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MITIGATION MEASURES EXECUTING AGENCY IMPACT LOCATION MITIGATION COSTS10 AGENCY Damage to assets and Maintain high standard of site supervision and vehicle and plant operation All locations Dependent on asset/ Contractors Client’s infrastructure to reduce risks of damage to water, power and telecommunication lines. infrastructure and Consulting level of damage Engineer / SAA Prepare procedures for rapid notification to the responsible authority (SAA PST and service providers).
As a result of SAIP construction activities any damage to assets or infrastructure (including public roads) must be reported to the SAA and rectified at the expense of the Contractors.
Provide assistance with reinstatement, in the event of any disruption. Community grievances Maintain the grievance response mechanism at www.saip.ws. All components Minimal (part of SAA PST TFSU standard construction Ensure that public consultation and disclosure communication is completed practice) Client’s Consulting SAA PST at regular intervals to ensure that the public are fully aware of the SAIP Engineer project program of activities and the GRM process. Consultation should include all aspects of the project including the airport site, quarries and transport routes. (see section 6). All consultations will be in line with COEP 3.
Signage should be used in public areas around the SAIP project sites advising Contractor Client’s the complaints procedure and contact details of key project individuals Consulting responsible for responding to issues raised. Engineer Airport concessionaires / Ensure that local businesses and airport commissionaires are included in the Airport Minimal (part of Client’s Consulting SAA PST local business grievances public consultation and disclosure communication process throughout the standard construction Engineer construction phase. Regular communication should be made with affected practice) parties to ensure that they are fully aware of the proposed program of works and the GRM.
Signage should be used in public areas around the vicinity of APW advising Contractor Client’s the complaints procedure and contact details of key project individuals Consulting responsible for responding to issues raised. Engineer
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POTENTIAL NEGATIVE IMPLEMENTING ESTIMATED SUPERVISING ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MITIGATION MEASURES EXECUTING AGENCY IMPACT LOCATION MITIGATION COSTS10 AGENCY OPERATION STAGE Hazardous substance Strictly apply and enforce manufacturer’s recommendations for handling All airport No marginal cost SAA SAA management and storage. These measures include sealing of drums, and avoiding compounds (standard operating Management extreme heat. procedure)
Compliance with international good practice.
Security of storage areas to facilitate transport, handling and placement to be maintained (e.g. fences and locks fixed immediately if broken or vandalised).
Complete list, including MSDS for each chemical stored or used shall be accessible at all times. Signage to be posted in storage areas identifying all chemicals present.
Staff to wear manufacturers recommended PPE (e.g. gloves and overalls) when handling or mixing hazardous substances.
Emergency vehicles are to be serviced and maintained at existing workshop areas. Fuel storage (dispensing) All refuelling activities to occur on designated areas at APW. All airport No marginal cost SAA SAA compounds (standard operating Management Store oils, hydrocarbons and other hazardous materials in designated procedure) locations with specific measures to prevent leakage (i.e. set storage areas away from water drains and on impermeable base with an impermeable containment with no outflow that has the capacity to hold 110% of the contents.
Precautions should be in place to prevent wastewater and hazardous substances / materials entering the environment (e.g. fuel spillage), however should an incident occur, updated SAA spill response plan must be in place. The response plan should include details on the use of spill kits and absorbent items to prevent spills entering the receiving sensitive environment (ground, surface water). The operational phase spill response plan should be updated on completion of SAIP construction phase.
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POTENTIAL NEGATIVE IMPLEMENTING ESTIMATED SUPERVISING ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MITIGATION MEASURES EXECUTING AGENCY IMPACT LOCATION MITIGATION COSTS10 AGENCY Fuel Storage (permanent 3 yearly inspection of tanks for recertification requirements. Check for Diesel genset No marginal cost SAA SAA or fixed installations) corrosion, leaks. fueltanks (standard operating Management procedure) Airport waste Development of SAA Waste Management Plan recommended to allow for All airport No marginal cost SAA Management MWIT management recycling or re-using of as much waste as possible. PUMA should be compounds (standard operating consulted for approval to receive material (at Tafaigata Landfill) that cannot procedure) be recycled, reused or returned to the supplier. Use of fire retardant in Spill response plan training to be completed for SAA workers. All airport No marginal cost SAA Management MWIT ARFF Precautions should be in place to prevent potentially hazardous substances compounds (standard operating entering the environment (e.g. wastewater containing fire retardant during procedure) firefighting), however should an incident occur, SAA must have a spill response plan must be in place. Water or soil pollution Workshops or maintenance areas to be fitted with bunded areas for storage All locations No marginal cost SAA Management MWIT of oil and fuel drums (and any other hazardous substances). (standard operating procedure) Used oil drums should be returned to the suppliers or, after being cleaned, sold in secondary local market if there is demand for this.
Used oils may be used for emergency drills/preparedness exercises as appropriate by ARFF. Maintenance of drainage Drainage systems shall be periodically cleared of sediment and organic All locations No marginal cost SAA SAA and soakage systems matter build up to ensure appropriate flows and soakage. Material to be (standard operating Management disposed at approved site (e.g. landfill or used as clean fill) or composted if procedure) organic.
Drainage systems should also be periodically visually inspected for signs of contamination (e.g. hydrocarbons from airstrip runway) to ensure that the designed system is operating appropriately.
Vegetation to be cleared from drainage channels and soakage pits and disposed of.
Grass in drainage swales to be maintained at a height slightly higher than the surrounding grass on the shoulders.
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POTENTIAL NEGATIVE IMPLEMENTING ESTIMATED SUPERVISING ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MITIGATION MEASURES EXECUTING AGENCY IMPACT LOCATION MITIGATION COSTS10 AGENCY Ongoing monitoring of erosion and stormwater impacts on the seawall should be carried out.
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APPENDIX C: MONITORING PLAN
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MONITORING PARAMETER TO MONITOR LOCATION MONITORING FREQUENCY RESPONSIBILITY DETAILED DESIGN/ PRE-CONSTRUCTION PHASE Client’s Consulting Traffic safety CESMP documents Ensure TMP established for project. Prior to commencing civil works Engineer Client’s Consulting MOWP complete with details of flight schedules Aviation safety Design documents Prior to commencing civil works Engineer with inputs from and emergency procedures. SAA Client’s Consulting OHS Plan Design documents Ensure safety plan established for project Prior to commencing civil works Engineer
Ensure plan following WB/IFS Guidelines Client’s Consulting Workers Camp Plan Design documents Prior to mobilization established for any workers camp Engineer Ensure Contingency Plan is completed and Soil erosion CESMP documents approved. Storm event management and soil Prior to sign off of final designs Design Consultant erosion prevention measures to be included. Suggested water source and supply network to be Client’s Consulting Water supply CESMP documents Prior to commencing civil works included in designs Engineer
Proposed stormwater management / drainage design (e.g. use of oil-water separator) to consider Client’s Consulting Stormwater management CESMP documents Prior to commencing civil works impacts on hydrology, receiving environments Engineer and also contamination risk
Upon confirmation of which quarries are to supply aggregate verify quarry operations to ensure any required permits or approvals are in place. Client’s Consulting Quarry operations Quarry Prior to commencing civil works Engineer Ensure TMP is included in procurement documentation for transport of materials from the quarries to the airport.
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MONITORING PARAMETER TO MONITOR LOCATION MONITORING FREQUENCY RESPONSIBILITY
Approval to import material and equipment is Importation of equipment and Contractor to organize prior to export Client’s Consulting Importation permits given prior to material and equipment leaving materials from country of origin. Engineer country of origin.
CONSTRUCTION PHASE Permits and/or agreements with local waste Documentation viewed prior to Construction Contractor’s disposal providers (e.g. Tafaigata Landfill) and construction works starting Client’s Consulting Agreement for waste disposal records licensed recycling operators. Inspection of Weekly as applicable to schedule of Engineer disposal sites. works. Inspections at sites to ensure silt fences, diversion Weekly inspection as applicable to Areas of exposed soil and drains etc. are constructed as needed. Inspection Client’s Consulting Soil erosion schedule of works and after site earth moving to ensure replanting and restoration work Engineer restoration. completed. Inspection to ensure waste is not accumulating and evidence waste has been stockpiled for removal to licensed landfill (Tafaigata Landfill), Weekly inspection as applicable to At construction and quarry removal from Samoa if required, recycling or Client’s Consulting Waste disposal schedule of works and on receipt of sites returning to supplier. Engineer any complaints.
Inspections to ensure waste streams are sorted for re-use, recycling or waste to landfill.
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MONITORING PARAMETER TO MONITOR LOCATION MONITORING FREQUENCY RESPONSIBILITY Ensure all storage tanks are self bunded.
Inspection of sites to ensure waste collection in defined area; spill response plan in place and workers trained at all SAIP locations. Complete spill kits available where hazardous substances sorted and handled.
All results from groundwater sampling are Weekly inspection as applicable to Client’s Consulting Water and soil pollution At construction sites submitted to MRNE, owner (SWA) and PUMA with schedule of works and on receipt of Engineer remedial action points if background/baseline any complaints conditions are exceeded.
Any encounters with potentially or confirmed contaminated soil (based on PID readings) are reported to SAA / PUMA.
Inspect soakage pits siting directly above any underlying aquifer (if present). Site inspections. Regular visual inspections to At construction sites, quarries Weekly inspection as applicable to ensure stockpiles are covered when not in use Client’s Consulting Dust and adjacent sensitive schedule of works and on receipt of and trucks transporting material are covered and Engineer receptors any complaints. not overloaded. Site inspections to ensure workers wearing appropriate PPE when required.
Measurement of noise level (one hour LAeg) at At work sites and two closest social receptors (residences) to active Weekly inspection as applicable to residential sensitive receptors work sites, construction camps and lay down Client’s Consulting Noise schedule of works and on receipt of close to active work are and a areas not to exceed 45dB between 2200-0700 or Engineer any complaints. control site 3dBA above background.
Public signage detailing complaints procedure and contact people/person on display.
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MONITORING PARAMETER TO MONITOR LOCATION MONITORING FREQUENCY RESPONSIBILITY Noisy machinery is replaced or fixed as soon as problem arises or on instruction by Client’s Consulting Engineer.
Site inspections to ensure equipment and machinery operating without excessive emissions. If an issue is reported the contractor is Weekly inspection as applicable to Client’s Consulting Air pollution At work sites responsible for replacing or fixing the equipment schedule of works and on receipt of Engineer to the satisfaction of Client’s Consulting Engineer. any complaints. Bitumen and asphalt processes plants to be located away from closest communities Regular site inspections to ensure material is At work sites and construction stored within bunded area and spill response Weekly as applicable to schedule of Client’s Consulting Storage of fuel, oil, bitumen, etc. camp. Contractors training training for workers completed. Visual inspection works and on receipt of any Engineer log. of spill kit for completeness and accessibility. complaints. Checking that staff are trained on use of spill kits.
Regular inspections to check that TMP is Weekly inspection as applicable to Client’s Consulting Vehicle and pedestrian safety At and near work sites implemented correctly (e.g. flags and diversions in schedule of works and on receipt of Engineer place) and workers wearing appropriate PPE. any complaints.
Inspections to ensure workers have access to and are wearing (when required) appropriate Weekly inspection as applicable to Construction workers and staff safety Client’s Consulting At work sites personnel protective equipment (e.g. for handling schedule of works and on receipt of (personal protective equipment) Engineer hazardous materials). Code of Practice in PESMP any complaints. implemented.
Inspections to ensure signs and fences restricting Weekly inspection as applicable to Community / airport concessionaires access are in place and pedestrian diversion Client’s Consulting At work sites schedule of works and on receipt of / local business safety routes clearly marked (whether for access to a Engineer any complaints. building or home or particular route).
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MONITORING PARAMETER TO MONITOR LOCATION MONITORING FREQUENCY RESPONSIBILITY Monitor the GRM database for the number and Community grievances At all locations type of grievances and the average number of Weekly SAA days to resolve a grievance. Monitor the GRM database for the number and Airport concessionaires / local At and near APW work sites type of grievances and the average number of Weekly At and near APE work sites business grievances days to resolve a grievance.
Evidence that trucks are not overloaded and loads Weekly visual inspection as Client’s Consulting Materials supply Quarry and work sites are covered e.g. complaints register, evidence of applicable to schedule of works and Engineer debris on the road. on receipt of any complaints.
OPERATION (Recommended for Consideration by SAA) Accidents with hazardous materials or Airport sites Accident report. Immediately after accident MWIT wastes Soakage pit – after storm events to Clean out of soakage pits documented and Drainage system operational with clear blockages and annually to Runway inspection of grass swales after mowing shows SAA reduced flooding incidences remove sediment. grass height in swale is higher than surrounds. After grass mowing. Inspection to ensure waste is not accumulating and evidence waste has been stockpiled for removal to licensed landfill (Tafaigata Landfill), Weekly inspection as applicable to removal from Samoa as hazardous, recycling or Waste disposal Airport sites schedule of works and on receipt of SAA / PUMA returning to supplier. any complaints.
Inspections to ensure waste streams are sorted for re-use, recycling or waste to landfill. Inspection of sites to ensure waste collection in defined area; spill response plan in place and workers trained at all SAIP locations. Complete Weekly inspection as applicable to spill kits available where hazardous substances Water and soil pollution Airport sites schedule of works and on receipt of SAA sorted and handled. any complaints
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MONITORING PARAMETER TO MONITOR LOCATION MONITORING FREQUENCY RESPONSIBILITY Regular site inspections to ensure material is stored within bunded areas and spill response Weekly as applicable to schedule of Storage of fuel, oil, bitumen, etc. Airport sites SAA training log. training for SAA workers up to date. Visual works and on receipt of any SAA inspection of spill kit for completeness and complaints. accessibility.
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APPENDIX D: PESMP AND CESMP MONITORING PLAN CONSTRUCTION INSPECTION CHECKLIST
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Appendix D PESMP and CESMP Monitoring Plan Inspection Checklist PESMP and CESMP Monitoring Plan Checklist for all Work Site Areas
Location: Auditor: Audit Date/Time (Start): Audit Date/Time (Finish):
Environmental Issue: Inspection areas: Requirements met?
1.0 Construction Phase 1.1 - Silt fences and diversion drains in place Yes No Soil Erosion - Replanting and restoration work completed If No, details:
1.2 - Good housekeeping around the work sites Yes No Waste accumulation and - Waste collected in defined area on impermeable If No, details: Disposal Agreements ground or containers
- Separation of waste into (i) Recyclable waste (i.e.
certain plastics, metals, rubber etc. that can be
recycled); (ii) Organic biodegradable waste (i.e. waste that will decay / break down in a reasonable amount of time, such as green waste, food waste; (iii) Inorganic non-recyclable waste (i.e. waste that cannot decompose / break down and which cannot be recycled) and, (iv) Hazardous waste (i.e. asbestos, waste oil etc.)
- Hazardous waste stored in safe and appropriate manner.
- Waste management plan in place and operating for proper disposal 1.3 - Appropriate spill response plan/kit in place for Yes No Soil and Water Pollution waste area If No, details:
- No visible spills on soil or uncovered ground
- Drainage and soakage systems clear and fit for purpose
-
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Environmental Issue: Inspection areas: Requirements met? 1.4 - Stockpiles covered or kept wet when not in use Yes No Dust and Materials If No, details: - Visual inspection of ambient dust conditions on Transport site and at nearby sensitive locations
- Truck transports are covered
- No evidence of aggregate spills on haulage route
1.5 - Workers wearing ear protection as required Yes No Noise - Noise level maximum of 45dB between 2200- If No, details: 0700 - Noise monitoring results by Client’s Consulting Engineer confirm acceptable noise levels
1.6 Air Pollution - Equipment operating without excessive Yes No emissions If No, details: - Bitumen and asphalt plant emissions move away from nearby communities 1.7 - Substances stored in self-bunded vessels or Yes No Fuel, Oil and Bitumen within bund on impermeable surface If No, details: Storage - Spill kit complete and accessible
- Spill training completed
- No evidence of spills on the ground
1.8 - Traffic Management Plan (TMP) under effective Yes No Traffic Management Plan implementation If No, details: Implementation
1.9 - Workers have access to, and using appropriate, Yes No Occupational Health and PPE for the task. If No, details: Safety - All workers have undergone appropriate OHS
training
- Proper briefing of staff before undertaking work activities
- 1.10 - Public signage of complaints procedure Yes No Community / Airport - Signs and fences restrict or direct pedestrians If No, details: Concessionaires / Local and public where appropriate. Business Safety
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Environmental Issue: Inspection areas: Requirements met? 1.11 Materials Supply - Quarry establishment and operations in fully Yes No compliance with Code of Practice If No, details: - All quarries licensed to supply materials
- All imported materials with appropriate biosecurity clearances
1.12 Asphalt Plant - Asphalt plant established on pre-approved sites Yes No
- Asphalt plant noise levels managed efficiently If No, details: - Secure fencing correctly installed at asphalt plant
- Asphalt plant not causing excessive odours at nearby communities
- Notification of asphalt plan noise generating operation times publically displayed
- Asphalt plant in clean and orderly condition
1.13 Lay Down Area - Laydown areas established on pre-approved Yes No sites If No, details: - Laydown areas dust levels managed efficiently
- Traffic management plan correctly implemented at laydown site
- Water run off management systems operating correctly
- Dust management effectively implemented
- PPE present and correctly used
-
1.14 - Camp established in accordance with Code of Yes No Workers Camp (if Practice in PESMP Annex G. If No, details: applicable) - Septic system cleaned and fully operational.
- Waste stored in an appropriate location in a clean and tidy manner, segregated by waste type. - Workers living and recreational areas clean and properly equipped.
- OHS, HIV/AIDS, GBV and other information available
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Actions Required:
Issue No. Action Required? By Whom? Date Action Required?
Signoff
Signature: Date:
………………………………………… …………………………….
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APPENDIX E: CONSULTATION REPORT 2015
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INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL & SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN: UPGRADE OF FALEOLO INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT TERMINAL AND AIRFIELD REHABILITATION, SAMOA
GOVERNMENT OF SAMOA SAMOA AIRPORT AUTHORITY SAMOA AIRPORT INVESTMENTS PROJECT (SAIP)
UPGRADE OF FALEOLO INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT TERMINAL AND RUNWAY, SAMOA
Stakeholder Consultations Record 9th – 30th September 2015
Report Prepared for: Chief Executive Officer Samoa Airport Authority Government of Samoa
Report Prepared by: CB Group ALEISA APIA, SAMOA
Date Issued: October 2015
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1. LIST OF PARTICIPANTS Project Team: Name Organization/Position/Address Contact Number Email Address
1. Faamausili CB Group – Team Leader, Aleisa 766-3823/24163 [email protected] Chris Solomona 2. Rachel CB Group – Social Analyst, Aleisa 24163 [email protected] Solomona 3. Ofeira Faasau CB Group - Environment Specialist, 24163 [email protected] Aleisa
Stakeholders: NAME ORGANIZATION/DESIGNATION/CONTACT DETAILS DATE OF CONSULTATION/ VENUE
1. Jerry Shi Shanghai Construction Group (SCG), Project Manager 9 September 2015, SCG Camp Site, Faleolo, 10am
2. Amanda Yuan Shanghai Construction Group, Project Coordinator 9 September 2015, SCG Camp [email protected] 750-9191 Site, Faleolo, 10am
3. Tafeamaalii SWA – Manager, Technical Division, [email protected] 20409 16 September 2015, SWA office, Philip Kerslake TATTE Bldg, Level 2, 10am
4. Nick Valentine World Bank – Environment Specialist, [email protected] 21 September 2015, WB/ADB Liaison Office, CBS Building, 10am
5. Silimana’i Ueta SAA – Operations Manager, [email protected], 21 September 2015, WB/ADB Solomona [email protected], 7703611, 23201 Liaison Office, CBS Building, 10am
6. Honsol Chan SAA – SAIP Project Accountant, [email protected] 23201 21 September 2015, WB/ADB Tung Liaison Office, CBS Building, 10am
7. Namulauulu LTA – Road Operations Manager, [email protected] 26741 30 September 2015, LTA Lameko Viali Conference Room, Vaitele, 10am
8. Michael LTA – Project Technical Advisor, [email protected], 30 September 2015, LTA Anderson 26741 Conference Room, Vaitele, 10am
9. Malcolm Esera LTA – Principal Contracts Engineer, Project Manager Division, 30 September 2015, LTA [email protected] 26741 Conference Room, Vaitele, 10am
10. Viliamu SAA – SAIP Project Manager, [email protected] 23201 30 September 2015, LTA Punivalu Conference Room, Vaitele, 10am
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2. CONSULTATION RECORDS
Samoa Airport Investment Project Integrated Environment and Social Management Plan Consultations Consultation with Stakeholders 4 September 2015 Venue: Samoa Airport Authority Fire Station, Faleolo International Airport 10:00am – 12.00noon
Present: As per attached list of participants
Tumanuvao Evile Falefatu of the Samoa Airport Authority officially welcomes everyone and starts the consultation with a prayer. He then introduces Faamausili Chris Solomona of CBGroup who has been contracted to undertake the IESMP on behalf of the Samoa Airport Authority.
Chris then leads the presentation explaining the two projects which will be assessed for the IESMP which are the SAIP which is being funded by the World Bank and the European Investment Bank and the new Terminal Building which is being constructed by Shanghai Construction Ltd.
Chris then introduces Viliamu Punivalu who took us through the work plans for the SAIP component of the consultation. After Viliamu’s presentation Chris then invites Jerry Linjie of Shanghai Construction to quickly take the participants through the work plan for the new Terminal building. Jerry then gave a brief outline of the new terminal work plan after which we opened the floor for any comments or questions from the participants.
Participant Issues raised Letelemaaana Letelemaaana is the village mayor for one of the neighbouring villages, Sio Satuimalufilufi. He also has strong connections to the village of Satapuala which is the village which lies next to the Airport. He just wanted to reaffirm his support for the project(s) and gave us his blessings. He was also a strong supporter in the previous consultations in 2013. Leatigaga Leatigaga is the village mayor from one of the neighbouring villages. Faasee He also voiced his strong support for the projects and especially Tauiliili wanted to register his gratitude to the Samoan Government in having the foresight to improve aviation services. He said that he cannot really comment until the project is underway and asked if there would be a chance for all village mayors of the surrounding villages to produce lists of unemployed members for the contractors to consider for employment. He also said that the more people who are hired from the neighbouring villages the higher the security will be offered for the projects. Vai Palepua Employment for neighbouring villages is a possibility once the notices
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for vacancies are put out for Shanghai Construction with the assistance of SAA. CS The question was put to Jerry of the Shanghai Construction who said that they will start advertising for labourers soon. Peni Maiava Peni Maiava is a pilot for Samoa Air, one of the locally owned airlines. (pilot) Peni asked the SAA to reconsider whether aerobridges at the airport at this point are necessary, and whether they are feasible/viable to have when he sees a bigger need for a parallel taxiway and more apron space. He added that he lives at Nofoalii ( a village about 10 minutes’ drive from the airport, and also added that when aeroplanes take off eastward, the noise is quite overwhelming – he then asked whether this could be taken into account in the design of the airport. He then asked whether there is a separate check-in area for domestic travellers in the new terminal. Vai Palepua Explained that there is no parallel taxiway planned for this project as there is no urgency for such a development at this stage. He added that there is a planned extension of an additional 4000 sq metres to the apron. And, on his final question, Vai related that in the terminal plans there is no separate area for domestic flights check in, just a separate boarding area from international flights. Toalepaialii Toalepaialii is a matai (chief) from Satapuala (one of the airport satellite T Malo villages) who expressed his gratitude for the consultation as he is grateful that their voice can be heard. He said that he is happy with everything in the presentation and that effects of such a project can only be positive for the people of Samoa. However, he went on to add, if he could request that all works be ceased on Sundays in respect of the Christian practices. Sinei Fiti Sinei related that he was grateful that the environment and social (Ministry of aspects were being taken into account for this project and said that Health) there was a paper which is with Cabinet at the moment which will require Health Impact Assessments (HIA) as well. However, he voiced his concern on the rubbish disposal from aircrafts and wanted to know whether the SAA has a proper incinerator to destroy the waste from aircrafts. His concern was for public health and safety. Vai Palepua Vai said that there is no incinerator at the moment or in the planned Solaese project specifically for health but there is one for the Quarantine (SAA) department which is used to destroy all refuse from the aircrafts. Ifopo T Thanked everyone for this rare opportunity to be consulted on such Malaesaili important and large scale projects. Voiced his appreciation of the terminal design and suggested that the terminal should have ample air conditioning for patrons comfort. Miriama Requested information on arrangements for repairs and maintenance Elisaia MoF of the infrastructure once the projects are in place and the contractors have completed the infrastructure. That is, will Shanghai Construction be responsible for repairs and maintenance once the terminal is
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complete or will this responsibility to be handed over to the SAA. Vai Palepua Vai explained that it has been built into the various contracts that, for Solaese the Terminal Project, Shanghai Construction will be responsible for (SAA) maintenance works two years after completion of construction works and for the runway project, the contractor (when awarded) will be responsible for maintenance works one year after completion. After which maintenance works will then be handed over to the Samoa Airport Authority. Petone Petone wanted to know whether SAA has a planned exit strategy for Tofia, MoF when the projects are complete Viliamu Capacity building of the SAA staff is an on-going task for this purpose Punivalu, when the project wraps up Project Manager, SAIP Ifopo Matia Ifopo is the member of Parliament for the surrounding district (Aiga I Fritz Jahnke, le Tai) – he thanked SAA profusely for the opportunity to be heard on MP such an important project(s). He put in a request whether the surrounding villages could be given top priority or first choice for employment vacancies. Alexandra Alexandra asked what the maximum capacity was for the new Terminal Rankin Building and voiced her concern for a separate quarantine area for (CEO, SHA) health reasons for eg the Ebola cases – protecting our borders. Siliamanai Related that current capacity for the airport is 25,000. This figure is Ueta expected to rise to 600,000 from 2025 – 2030. Solomona Tumanuvao Tumanuvao related that they have an Ebola response plan already in Evile place. Because there were no other questions or comments, Tumanuvao led us in prayer to conclude the consultation.
ORGANIZATION: Shanghai Construction Group NAMES: Jerry Shi (Project Manager), Amanda Yuan (Project Coordinator), Faamausili Chris Solomona, Ofeira Faasau DATE: 9th September 2015 TIME: 10.00am LOCATION: SCG Camp Site, Faleolo Question Response Chris Solomona (CS) Jerry Shi (JS)/Amanda Yuan (AY) What is the timeframe of the project? What is the The timeframe of the project is planned to be total cost of the project? completed within 2 years. It is a strict schedule required by the Government of China. The total cost of the project is approximately US$55 million and this is a GOS loan from EXIM Bank, which
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is owned by the Chinese Government. CS/Ofeira Vitoria Faasau (OVF) JS/AY What are the work hours and how will SCG aim at SCG will also work on Sundays but will not use any imposing as little disruption to airport operations noisy equipment. Will also look to coordinate with especially when flights/planes are in transit. SAA and flight times so as to plan work schedule around time where there are no flights. They would like to advise SAA to schedule flights at night time and early morning. But if cannot change flight schedules, then SCG will adjust work hours around flight times. SCG will discuss with surrounding village on what is the best option considering works on Sundays because of the strict timeline. CS/ OVF JS/AY How many SCG workers and local workers in the SCG SCG are planning to hire around a maximum of 50 team? local labourers, but not all at once. It will be spread throughout the length of the project. Currently, foundation works have started and there are only a few local workers. SCG has about 10 long term local staff who has been working with the company for 4 to 5 years. Right now, there is only about 70 SCG staff working. But when the main works begin, around 150 to 200 workers will be on site. All SCG workers for this project are here on work permits only for this project and they will go back to China once construction works have completed. This work arrangement is formalised in MOU between Chinese Embassy and MFAT. For the local workers, they are under the MCIL requirements. CS/ OVF JS/AY Where is the site office? The site office is being built right now and is located within the parking lot of the Cargo Building. The work site has already been fenced off, extending from the east side of the terminal up to the parking lot of the Cargo Building. The multipurpose building has been demolished. To avoid disruption to cargo operations and in case of emergency events or fire, they have been given a key to the gate that opens up to the main car park and West Coast Road and accessing the main terminal building. CS/ OVF JS/AY How long is the maintenance period and what will There is a 1 year maintenance period after handover. happen should SAA need maintenance help after SCG But SCG will still maintain contacts with GOS and SAA contract is completed? through the Chinese Embassy after completion of project and able to provide assistance, maybe not for free but sill able to help. CS/ OVF JS/AY Was there any geotechnical study undertaken for the Yes, it was done by a Chinese company but all in project? If in Chinese, can SCG provide the name and Chinese. Will provide contact details to consultants contact details of firm? once it is made available. CS/ OVF JS/AY Who did the EIA study? Not quite sure as it was arranged by the previous PM. The report says it’s done by ARMJAS and also paid by
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SCG but do not know any other further details. Will find out and provide this info. CS/ OVF JS/AY Is there a team responsible for environmental and Yes, there is a safety unit and Amanda will provide social safeguards of the project? If there is, can SCG the details via email. provide names and contact details. CS/ OVF JS/AY What is the breakdown of the SCG workforce? What There are 20 managers and the rest are about 30 are the equipments and plants that are being used for skilled workers at the present time. Amanda will this project? email the details. CS/ OVF JS/AY Is SCG planning any programs to transfer knowledge Yes, definitely, but also relying on SAA to help with to their local staff? screening local workers. As there have been instances where local workers are not reliable. CS/ OVF JS/AY Where is SCG getting their supply of aggregates and SCG has contracted Apia Concrete Products (ACP) to other building materials? supply aggregate materials for the project.
ORGANIZATION: Samoa Water Authority NAMES: Tafeamaalii Philip Kerslake (Manager – Technical Division), Faamausili Chris Solomona, Ofeira Faasau DATE: 16th September 2015 TIME: 10.00am LOCATION: SWA office Question Response Chris Solomona (CS) Tafeamaalii Philip Kerslake (TPK) Does SWA have any water boreholes within the There is one near the control tower but it’s a SAA Faleolo International Airport property? borehole. Not sure what this water is used for. For terminal use or fire safety. CS/Ofeira Vitoria Faasau (OVF) TPK Does SWA have any concerns with regards to water As the projects will result into an increase in capacity matters and the airport pavements rehabilitation and of users, the demand will also increase. SWA is terminal upgrade projects? planning to lay pipes for the new settlement near the airport and close to resort and wharf. This should also be taken into consideration. The demand from surrounding areas will impact on the supply for the airport. Is SAA planning to build a hotel at the airport? This will also have an impact on water supply. SAA has there own water sources and also use SWA water connection. They can utilise SWA and SAA water sources, one for terminal use and the other for fire safety and maintenance of planes. TPK CS/OVF Is Olo quarry being used? No not anymore, it has been closed down by MNRE due to the presence of aquifers in the area that may be affected by the mining operations.
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INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL & SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN: UPGRADE OF FALEOLO INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT TERMINAL AND AIRFIELD REHABILITATION, SAMOA
CS/ OVF TPK What is the water supply like for the area where the Water supply in the general area is good and SWA airport is located? Will there be enough supply to has quite a few boreholes in the vicinity. There are 2 cater for the implementation of works and after boreholes at Faleolo, 2 at Olo/Mauga area, and 1 at when it is in operation phase? Leulumoega. The mainline to Faleolo is fed from Fuluasou River source but also fed by the boreholes in the area as it is all a looped network. CS/ OVF TPK How about the upcoming West Coast Road project? SWA pipes will be relocated but most likely will not Will it affect the pipelines to the airport? affect this project. Will confirm and provide feedback to SAA and consultants.
ORGANIZATION: World Bank and Samoa Airport Authority NAMES: Nicholas Valentine (WB – Environment Specialist), Silimana’i Ueta Solomona (SAA – Operations Manager), Honsol Chan Tung (SAA – SAIP Project Accountant), Faamausili Chris Solomona, Ofeira Faasau DATE: 21st September 2015 TIME: 10.00am LOCATION: MOF Level 5 Comments Response Nicholas Valentine (NV) Silimana’i Ueta Solomona (SUS) In theory, the IESMP should be in place before SCG SCG has only started preparation works, built new starts works. septic tank for the new development (55m³) and have cleared the site for the new terminal extension. SCG works have been stalled for now until the IESMP is completed and can be submitted to MWTI for building permit. Right now, SCG is finalising design, architectural, drawings that will be submitted for the building permit. The IESMP is being delayed due to information that has not been submitted to enable its preparation. NV SUS IESMP to evolve as project progresses. The detailed Tenders Board approval for office space issued last designs are due in 2015 and EMP needs to be re-done week and now awaiting Cabinet approval which by INECO-SMEC. should be in two weeks time. What is the status for the structure of the SAIP PMU? NV SUS What is the status of the SAA project manager for The TOR has been finalised and will now proceed to terminal works? When is PM expected to start? WB procurement. SAA has to determine whether needs someone from MOF to oversee SCG works. SAA competitive or sole source method. need an MOU between SCG, MOF and SAA to be signed and formalised. There is no governance structure in place to monitor SCG contract. May need to insert a contractual clause in current agreement with MOF. NV SUS Need for SCG to sign Environmental Policy together Need someone from SAA to monitor IESMP for with SAA as a matter of priority. Then WB will review terminal works. and NOL before SCG signs.
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INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL & SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN: UPGRADE OF FALEOLO INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT TERMINAL AND AIRFIELD REHABILITATION, SAMOA
NV SUS The new role in TSFU for environment and social Independent engineer to monitor designs for the specialist will assist with this in a few months time. It terminal works. PCG has already completed the peer is important to make clear to SCG that governance is review of draft designs prepared by SCG. Will under SAA. provide copy to CB group consultants. NV OVF Need for an independent verifier to check SCG Yes, it must be legally binding for SCG to adhere to terminal designs and works, and must have the IESMP. The Financing Agreement and Building structural engineering qualifications. Permit can incorporate this requirement. NV FCS Employment opportunities from the projects. Is this Yes, but SAA must help SCG to screen local labourers. realistic? It is estimated that there will 50 to 150 local jobs created from the project.
NV Important environment and health safety is applied to terminal works. For the IESMP, should include IFC EHS guidelines. NV SUS What about the terminal design? Have there been There have already been 5 meetings conducted by any consultations? the Facilitation Committee which consists of airport business owners requesting more space. They also want no changes to existing setup but add-ons to be refurbished for new concessionaries. NV SUS How about the SCG working hours? 7am to 11am and 1pm to 5pm Monday to Saturday. Sundays they only do light works, steel fixing/mesh.
OVF SCG needs to get PUM Board approval for works to take place on Sundays.
NV Yes, PUM Board need to specify what works is allowed to take place on Sundays. NV FCS What about worker’s days off? What are the impacts It’s a case by case basis and no system in place for on the local protocols? For Kiribati case, HIV community programs and awareness promotion. awareness programs are done with local communities. NV SUS What about parking capacity for planes? Apron 737 (3 flights on Saturdays) and 777. The apron is to works are now under SAIP. be extended by 4,400m².
ORGANIZATION: Land Transport Authority NAMES: Namulauulu Lameko Viali (Road Operations Manager), Michael Anderson (Project Technical Advisor), Malcolm Esera (Principal Contracts Engineer – PMD), Silimana’i Ueta Solomona, Viliamu Punivalu, Faamausili Chris Solomona, Rachel Solomona, Ofeira Faasau
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INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL & SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN: UPGRADE OF FALEOLO INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT TERMINAL AND AIRFIELD REHABILITATION, SAMOA
DATE: 30th September 2015 TIME: 10.00am LOCATION: LTA office, Conference Room, Vaitele Comments Response Faamausili Chris Solomona (FCS) Michael Anderson (MA) Please tell us about the upcoming WCR project as it The project has been revised in scope due to funding might potentially affect the airport project. shortage, and will mostly involve works in lowlying areas, installation of culverts, especially cross culverts that cut through private properties to discharge into the sea. It will mean closing one side of the main road, while works are implemented in one side. If the airport project will be hauling materials via WCR during construction works, it will be destructive as it will affect before and after pavement works. Ofeira Vitoria Faasau (OVF) MA There was a letter prepared by INECO-SMEC and sent The lab is pretty run-down. SAA to forward copy of by SAA requesting LTA assistance in conducting tests letter. for suitability of aggregates at the Saleimoa area. Is Namulauulu Lameko Viali (NLV) LTA able to provide this assistance? It is best for SAA to have a mobile lab. LTA cannot do hardness testing as we don’t have the equipments to conduct these tests. Viliamu Punivalu (VP) Aware that the local capability is only for grading and moisture testing. This letter has already been sent to LTA CEO. Namulauulu Lameko Viali (NLV) FCS Why is Olo quarry closed down? According to MNRE and SWA there are aquifers where the quarry is located and will be affected if mining continues. OVF Best for SAA to get a copy of the report from MNRE that has led to this decision. MA The haulage of materials for the airport project will be a major problem to the condition of the WCR that LTA and WB is seeking to enhance and strengthen against climate change. VP Yes, it will affect the WCR. NLV VP Why not let the contractors find the source for Yes, its suitability versus availability. aggregate materials like what LTA is doing for all its RS WB projects? As long as SAA and WB set the required standards for materials, then put the responsibility During consultations, a point was raised that there is on the contractors to comply and prove to SAA that an alternative location behind the existing Olo they are in compliance. quarry. MA Yes, there is possibility of alternative locations around the Faleolo area but needs investigation. OVF
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INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL & SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN: UPGRADE OF FALEOLO INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT TERMINAL AND AIRFIELD REHABILITATION, SAMOA
Yes, but still leaves the issue of WCR project. Contractors may all come up with source from Saleimoa. Namulauulu Lameko Viali (NLV) VP Haulage may not be a problem if it’s Saleimoa, as trucks can access via Aleisa Road. OVF But what about the supply? Will there be enough materials from Saleimoa to supply for WCR and airport project? FCS Will look into this matter with consultations to be conducted with MNRE.
ORGANIZATION: Chamber of Commerce, CB Group NAMES: Ms Ane Moananu CEO Chamber of Commerce, Faamausili Chris Solomona, DATE: 30th September 2015 TIME: 2.00pm LOCATION: Le Sanalele Bldg, Taufusi
Comments Response CS – Introduced the project and asked whether there AM – There has not been much contact with SAA in were any particular issue COC wanted to raise relation to this project and they would like to see whether there would be an opportunity to have a presentation from SAA to its members at some time in the near future.
There are not that many members whom have shown interest – however, they have airlines who are members in the COC and will be interesting to hear their views on the new terminal and the sorts of changes that could be envisaged with the completion of the new terminal
At this stage the calendar of events for the COC is quite busy to April of 2016 and only then a possible presentation /consultation could be done with members of the SAA
It would be nice to see what the types of services and the facilities available for such services so that the members of chamber who may have interest in setting up business in the new terminal or provide other services other than coffee shops, souvenirs etc., can begin to enquire and perhaps plan towards providing EOIs to the airport with regards to such business opportunities.
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APPENDIX F: CODES OF CONDUCT FOR GBV AND CAE
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SAMOA AVIATION INVESTMENT PROJECT (SAIP)
CODES OF CONDUCT AND ACTION PLAN TO PREVENT
GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AS WELL AS CHILD ABUSE/EXPLOITATION
1. Background The purpose of this Samoa Aviation Investment Project (SAIP) Codes of Conduct and Action Plan to Prevent Gender-based Violence (GBV) and Child Abuse/Exploitation (CAE) is to introduce a set of key definitions, core Codes of Conduct and guidelines that establish mechanisms for reporting, addressing, monitoring and sanctioning GBV and CAE within the work site and in its immediate surrounding communities.
The Codes of Conduct aim to prevent and/or mitigate the risks of GBV and CAE within the context of infrastructure development interventions for the Government of Samoa (GoS) to be funded under the World Bank financed Samoa Aviation Investment Project (SAIP). These Codes of Conduct are to be adopted by the civil works contractors, as well as supervision consultants.
Mutual respect and fair treatment by all parties, that include an understanding of the impact their presence has on the communities living in the areas targeted by the project, are deemed of utmost importance to create a respectful, pleasant and productive work environment. This will help prevent issues of GBV and CAE, thereby guaranteeing a safe environment to work in and around. The Codes also present clear guidelines for sanctions of staff should they be warranted. By ensuring that the project’s staff respect the project environment and its communities, a successful attainment of the project objectives will be achieved.
2. Definitions The following definitions apply:
Gender-Based Violence (GBV) – is an umbrella term for any harmful act that is perpetrated against a person’s will and that is based on socially ascribed (i.e. gender) differences between males and females. It includes acts that inflict physical, sexual12 or mental harm or suffering, threats of such acts, coercion, and other deprivations of liberty. These acts can occur in public or in private. Child Abuse and Exploitation (CAE) – is defined as physical, sexual or psychological harm of minor children (i.e. under the age of 18) including using for profit, labor, sexual gratification, or some other personal or financial advantage. This also includes other activities such as using computers, mobile phones, or video and digital cameras appropriately, and never to exploit or harass children or to access child pornography through any mediums. Child Protection (CP) - An activity or initiative designed to protect children from any form of harm, particularly arising from CAE. Child – is used interchangeably with the term ‘minor’ and refers to a person under the age of 18.13 This is in accordance with Article 1 of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child. Grooming – is defined as behaviors that make it easier for a perpetrator to procure a child for sexual activity. For example, an offender might build a relationship of trust with the child, and then
12 Sexual favors or other forms of humiliating, degrading or exploitative behavior is prohibited. 13 The Government of Samoa is party to this convention. http://www.pseataskforce.org/uploads/tools/1478613357.pdf 137 Revision 6 v4 – April 2017 Adapted from AECOM IESMP APW Aug 2016
seek to sexualize that relationship (for example by encouraging romantic feelings or exposing the child to sexual concepts through pornography). Online Grooming – is the act of sending an electronic message with indecent content to a recipient who the sender believes to be a minor, with the intention of procuring the recipient to engage in or submit to sexual activity with another person, including but not necessarily the sender. For further details, refer to the Criminal Code Act 1995, Division 474 (telecommunications offences, subdivision C). Survivor/Survivors – is defined as the person(s) adversely affected by GBV or CAE. Women, men and children can be survivors of GBV; children can be survivors of CAE. Perpetrator – is defined as the person(s) who commit(s) or threaten(s) to commit an act or acts of GBV or CAE. Work site – is defined as the area in which infrastructure development works are being conducted, as part of interventions planned under the World-Bank funded Samoa Aviation Investment Project (SAIP). Work site surroundings – are defined as the ‘Project Area of Influence’ which are any area, urban or rural, directly affected by the project, including all human settlements found on it. Consent – is defined as the informed choice underlying an individual’s free and voluntary intention, acceptance or agreement to do something. No consent can be found when such acceptance or agreement is obtained through the use of threats, force or other forms of coercion, abduction, fraud, deception, or misrepresentation. In accordance with the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, the World Bank considers that consent cannot be given by children under the age of 18, even in the event that national legislation of the country into which the code of conduct is introduced has a lower age14. Mistaken belief regarding the age of the child and consent from the child is not a defense. Contractor – is defined as any firm, company, organization or other institution that has been awarded a contract to conduct infrastructure development works in the context of the SAIP and has hired managers and/or employees to conduct this work. Consultant – is defined as any firm, company, organization or other institution that has been awarded a contract to provide consulting services in the context of the SAIP, and has hired managers and/or employees to conduct this work. Manager – is defined as any individual offering labor to the contractor or consultant, on or off the work site, under a formal employment contract and in exchange for a salary, with responsibility to control or direct the activities of a contractor’s or consultant’s team, unit, division or similar, and to supervise and manage a pre-defined number of employees. Employee – is defined as any individual offering labor to the contractor or consultant within country on or off the work site, under a formal or informal employment contract or arrangement, typically but not necessarily in exchange for a salary (e.g. including unpaid interns and volunteers), with no responsibility to manage or supervise other employees. Grievance Response Mechanism (GRM) – the process established by the SAIP project to receive and address complaints (see www.saip.ws). GBV and CAE Allegation Procedure – is defined as the prescribed procedure to be followed when reporting incidents of GBV or CAE. Accountability Measures – is defined as the measures put in place to ensure the confidentiality of survivors and to hold contractors, consultants and the client responsible for instituting a fair system of addressing cases of GBV and CAE.
14 For example, under Section 59 of the Crimes Act (2013) the age of legal consent in Samoa is 16 (http://www.paclii.org/ws/legis/consol_act/ca201382/) However, he World Bank follows the United Nations for the age of consent (18 years) so this applies on World Bank financed projects. 138 Revision 6 v4 – April 2017 Adapted from AECOM IESMP APW Aug 2016
Response Protocol – is defined as the mechanisms set in place to respond to cases of GBV and CAE. GBV and CAE Compliance Team: A team established by the contractor and/or consultant to address GBV and CAE issues with the work force.
3. Codes of Conduct
This chapter presents three Codes of Conduct for use:
Company Code of Conduct: Commits the company to addressing GBV and CAE issues; Manager’s Code of Conduct: Commits managers to implementing the Company Code of Conduct, as well as those signed by individuals; and, Individual Code of Conduct: Code of Conduct for everyone working on SAIP, including managers.
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Company Gender Based Violence and Child Protection Code of Conduct
The company is obliged to create and maintain an environment which prevents gender based violence (GBV) and child abuse/exploitation (CAE) issues, and where the unacceptability of GBV and actions against children are clearly communicated to all those engaged on the project. In order to prevent GBV and CAE, the following core principles and minimum standards of behavior will apply to all employees without exception:
1. GBV or CAE constitutes acts of gross misconduct and are therefore grounds for sanctions, penalties and/or termination of employment. All forms of GBV and CAE including grooming are unacceptable be it on the work site, the work site surroundings, or at worker’s camps. Prosecution of those who commit GBV or CAE will be pursued if appropriate. 2. Treat women, children (persons under the age of 18), and men with respect regardless of race, color, language, religion, political or other opinion, national, ethnic or social origin, property, disability, birth or other status. 3. Do not use language or behavior towards women, children and men that is inappropriate, harassing, abusive, sexually provocative, demeaning or culturally inappropriate. 4. Sexual activity with children under 18—including through digital media—is prohibited. Mistaken belief regarding the age of a child and consent from the child is not a defense. 5. Sexual favors or other forms of humiliating, degrading or exploitative behavior is prohibited. 6. Sexual interactions between the company’s employees at any level and member of the communities surrounding the work place that are not agreed to with full consent15 by all parties involved in the sexual act are prohibited. This includes relationships involving the withholding/promise of actual provision of benefit (monetary or non-monetary) to community members in exchange for sex – such sexual activity is considered “non-consensual” within the scope of this Code. 7. All employees, including volunteers and sub-contractors are highly encouraged to report suspected or actual GBV and/or CAE by a fellow worker, whether in the same company or not. Reports must be made in accordance with GBV and CAE Allegation Procedures. 8. All employees are required to attend an induction training course prior to commencing work on site to ensure they are familiar with the GBV and CAE Code of Conduct. 9. All employees must attend a mandatory training course once a month for the duration of the contract starting from the first induction training prior to commencement of work to reinforce the understanding of the institutional GBV and CAE Code of Conduct. 10. All employees will be required to sign an individual Code of Conduct confirming their agreement to support GBV and CAE activities.
I do hereby acknowledge that I have read the foregoing Code of Conduct, and on behalf of the company agree to comply with the standards contained therein. I understand my role and responsibilities to prevent and respond to GBV and CAE. I understand that any action inconsistent with this Code of Conduct or failure to take action mandated by this Code of Conduct may result in disciplinary action.
Company name: ______Signed by: ______
Title: ______Date: ______
15 Consent is defined as the informed choice underlying an individual’s free and voluntary intention, acceptance or agreement to do something. No consent can be found when such acceptance or agreement is obtained through the use of threats, force or other forms of coercion, abduction, fraud, deception, or misrepresentation. In accordance with the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, the World Bank considers that consent cannot be given by children under the age of 18, even in the event that national legislation of the country into which the code of conduct is introduced has a lower age. Mistaken belief regarding the age of the child and consent from the child is not a defense. 140 Revision 6 v4 – April 2017 Adapted from AECOM IESMP APW Aug 2016
Manager’s Gender Based Violence and Child Protection Code of Conduct
Managers at all levels have particular responsibilities to create and maintain an environment that prevents GBV and CAE. They need to support and promote the implementation of the Company Code of Conduct. To that end, they must adhere to the Manager’s Code of Conduct and also sign the Individual Code of Conduct. This commits them to support and develop systems that facilitate the implementation of this action plan and maintain a GBV-free and child-safe work environment. These responsibilities include but are not limited to:
Compliance Team and Development of Action Plan
1. Appoint the Contractor’s GBV and CAE Focal Point. This will typically be the contractor’s occupational health and safety manager. This person will: a. Represent the Contractor on the GBV and CAE Compliance Team (GCCT) which is comprised of representatives from SAA, contractor(s), the supervision consultant, and local service provider. b. Participate in training of staff to sensitize them to their responsibilities the Individual Code of Conduct; and, c. Be trained and empowered to undertake any investigations of staff members alleged to have minor violations of the Code of Conduct and ensure sanctions are applied as appropriate. For major violations the Focal Point must appropriately refer the complaint to: (i) a local service provider; (ii) the authorities; and/or, (iii) management for further action. Work on GBV and CAE will be recognized in employee's scope of work and performance evaluations.
2. The GCCT will prepare an Action Plan for implementation by the contractor, based on the outline plan in Section 4 below. The Action Plan shall, as a minimum, include: a. GBV and CAE Allegation Procedure to report GBV and CAE issues through the project Grievance Response Mechanism (GRM); b. Accountability Measures to protect confidentiality of all involved; and, c. Response Protocol applicable to GBV survivors/survivors and perpetrators. 3. The Contractor shall submit the Action Plan for clearance by the TFSU safeguards teams, as well as the World Bank prior to full mobilization.
Implementation
1. Ensure that all staff receive a clear written statement of the company’s requirements with regards to preventing GBV and CAE in addition to the training. 2. To ensure maximum effectiveness of the Company and Individual Codes of Conduct a. Prominently display the Codes of Conduct in clear view in public areas of the work space. Examples of areas include waiting, rest and lobby areas of sites, canteen areas, health clinics. b. All posted and distributed copies of the Company and Individual Codes of Conduct should be translated into the appropriate language of use in the work site areas (ex. Bislama, French, English). 3. Verbally and in writing explain the Company and Individual Codes of Conduct to all staff. 4. Promote internal sensitization initiatives (e.g. workshops, campaigns, on-site demonstrations etc.) throughout the entire duration of their appointment in collaboration with the GCCT and in accordance to the Action Plan. 141 Revision 6 v4 – April 2017 Adapted from AECOM IESMP APW Aug 2016
5. Ensure that: a. All managers and employees sign the ‘Individual Code of Conduct for GBV and CAE’, including acknowledgment that they have read and agree with the code of conduct; b. Staff lists and signed copies of the Individual Code of Conduct are provided to the GCCT and SAA; c. Participate in training as outlined below; d. Staff are familiar with the SAIP GRM and that they can use it to anonymously report concerns over GBV and CAE (See Section 4.2 in the Action Plan). e. Staff are encouraged to report suspected or actual GBV and/or CAE through the GRM. 6. In compliance with applicable laws and to the best of your abilities, prevent perpetrators of sexual exploitation and abuse from being hired, re-hired or deployed. Use background and criminal reference checks for all employees. 7. Ensure that when engaging in partnership, sub-grant or sub-recipient agreements, these agreements: a. incorporate the SAIP Codes of Conduct as an attachment; b. include the appropriate language requiring such contracting entities and individuals, and their employees and volunteers, to comply with the SAIP Codes of Conduct; and, c. expressly state that the failure of those entities or individuals, as appropriate, to take preventive measures against GBV and CAE, to investigate allegations thereof, or to take corrective actions when GBV and/or CAE has occurred, shall constitute grounds for sanctions and penalties in accordance with the SAIP Codes of Conduct. 8. Provide support and resources to the GCCT to create and disseminate the internal sensitization initiatives through the Awareness-raising strategy under the Action Plan. 9. Any major issue with regard to GBV or CAE warranting police action shall be reported to SAA and the World Bank immediately. - Training
1. All managers are required to attend an induction manager training course prior to commencing work on site to ensure that they are familiar with their roles and responsibilities in upholding the GBV and CAE Codes of Conduct. This training will be separate from the induction training course required of all employees and will provide managers with the necessary understanding and technical support needed to begin to develop the Action Plan for addressing GBV and CAE issues. 2. Ensure that time is provided during work hours and that staff attend the mandatory SAIP facilitated induction GBV and CAE training required of all employees prior to commencing work on site. 3. Ensure that staff attend the monthly mandatory refresher training course required of all employees to combat increased risk of GBV and CAE during civil works. 4. Managers are required to attend and assist with the SAIP facilitated monthly training courses for all employees. Managers will be required to introduce the trainings and announce the self- evaluations. 5. Collect satisfaction surveys to evaluate training experiences and provide advice on improving the effectiveness of training.
Response
1. Managers will be required to provide input, final decisions and formal adoption of the GBV and CAE Allegation Procedures and Response Protocol developed by the GCCT as part of the final cleared Action Plan. 2. Once adopted, managers will uphold the Accountability Measures set forth in the Action Plan to maintain the confidentiality of all employees who report or (allegedly) perpetrate incidences of
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GBV and CAE (unless a breach of confidentiality is required to protect persons or property from serious harm or where required by law). 3. If a manager develops concerns or suspicions regarding any form of GBV or CAE by one of his/her direct reports, or by an employee working for another contractor on the same work site, s/he is highly encouraged to report the case using the identified reporting mechanism. 4. Once a sanction has been determined, the relevant manager(s) is/are expected to be personally responsible for ensuring that the measure is effectively enforced, within a maximum timeframe of 14 days from the date on which the decision was made. 5. Managers failing to comply with such provision can be in turn subject to disciplinary measures, to be determined and enacted by the company’s CEO, Managing Director or equivalent highest- ranking manager. Those measures may include: a. Informal warning b. Formal warning c. Additional Training d. Loss of up to one week's salary. e. Suspension of employment (without payment of salary), for a minimum period of 1 month up to a maximum of 6 months. f. Termination of employment. 6. Ultimately, failure to effectively respond to GBV and CAE cases on the work site by the contractor’s managers or CEO may provide grounds for legal actions by authorities.
I do hereby acknowledge that I have read the foregoing Code of Conduct, do agree to comply with the standards contained therein and understand my roles and responsibilities to prevent and respond to GBV and CAE. I understand that any action inconsistent with this Code of Conduct or failure to take action mandated by this Code of Conduct may result in disciplinary action.
Company name: ______
Signed by: ______
Title: ______
Date: ______
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Individual Gender Based Violence and Child Protection Code of Conduct
I, ______, acknowledge that preventing gender based violence (GBV) and child abuse/exploitation (CAE) are important. GBV or CAE activities constitute acts of gross misconduct and are therefore grounds for sanctions, penalties or potential termination of employment. All forms of GBV or CAE are unacceptable be it on the work site, the work site surroundings, or at worker’s camps. Prosecution of those who commit GBV or CAE may be pursued if appropriate.
I agree that while working on the SAIP project, I will:
Consent to police background check. Treat women, children (persons under the age of 18), and men with respect regardless of race, color, language, religion, political or other opinion, national, ethnic or social origin, property, disability, birth or other status. Not use language or behavior towards women, children or men that is inappropriate, harassing, abusive, sexually provocative, demeaning or culturally inappropriate. Not participate in sexual activity with children—including grooming or through digital media. Mistaken belief regarding the age of a child and consent from the child is not a defense. Not engage in sexual favors or other forms of humiliating, degrading or exploitative behavior. Not have sexual interactions with members of the communities surrounding the work place and worker’s camps that are not agreed to with full consent16 by all parties involved in the sexual act. This includes relationships involving the withholding or promise of actual provision of benefit (monetary or non-monetary) to community members in exchange for sex—such sexual activity is considered “non-consensual” within the scope of this Code. Attend and actively partake in training courses related to HIV/AIDS, GBV and CAE as requested by my employer. Report through the GRM or to my manager any suspected or actual GBV and/or CAE by a fellow worker, whether in my company or not, or any breaches of this Code of Conduct.
- With regard to children under the age of 18:
Wherever possible, ensure that another adult is present when working in the proximity of children. Not invite unaccompanied children into my home, unless they are at immediate risk of injury or in physical danger. Not sleep close to unsupervised children unless absolutely necessary, in which case I must obtain my supervisor's permission, and ensure that another adult is present if possible. Use any computers, mobile phones, or video and digital cameras appropriately, and never to exploit or harass children or to access child pornography through any medium (see also “Use of children's images for work related purposes”). Refrain from physical punishment or discipline of children.
16 Consent is defined as the informed choice underlying an individual’s free and voluntary intention, acceptance or agreement to do something. No consent can be found when such acceptance or agreement is obtained through the use of threats, force or other forms of coercion, abduction, fraud, deception, or misrepresentation. In accordance with the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, the World Bank considers that consent cannot be given by children under the age of 18, even in the event that national legislation of the country into which the code of conduct is introduced has a lower age. Mistaken belief regarding the age of the child and consent from the child is not a defense. 144 Revision 6 v4 – April 2017 Adapted from AECOM IESMP APW Aug 2016
Refrain from hiring children for domestic or other labor which is inappropriate given their age or developmental stage, which interferes with their time available for education and recreational activities, or which places them at significant risk of injury. Comply with all relevant local legislation, including labor laws in relation to child labor.
Use of children's images for work related purposes
When photographing or filming a child for work related purposes, I must:
Before photographing or filming a child, assess and endeavor to comply with local traditions or restrictions for reproducing personal images. Before photographing or filming a child, obtain informed consent from the child and a parent or guardian of the child. As part of this I must explain how the photograph or film will be used. Ensure photographs, films, videos and DVDs present children in a dignified and respectful manner and not in a vulnerable or submissive manner. Children should be adequately clothed and not in poses that could be seen as sexually suggestive. Ensure images are honest representations of the context and the facts. Ensure file labels do not reveal identifying information about a child when sending images electronically. Sanctions
The project has established a ‘GBV and CAE Compliance Team’ (GCCT) which is comprised of representatives from SAA, contractor and supervision consultant. The GCCT and/or the local service provider will oversee any investigation of grievances against the employee with regard to GBV and CAE, according the accused procedural fairness and within the local laws. If an employee has breached the Code of Conduct, the employer will take disciplinary action which could include:
Informal warning; Formal warning; Additional Training; Loss of up to one week’s salary; Suspension of employment (without payment of salary), for a minimum period of 1 month up to a maximum of 6 months; or, Termination of employment.
In addition to the above, if warranted, report the employee to the Police as per local legal paradigms.
I understand that it is my responsibility to use common sense and avoid actions or behaviors that could be construed as GBV or CAE or breach this Code of Conduct. I do hereby acknowledge that I have read the foregoing Code of Conduct, do agree to comply with the standards contained therein and understand my roles and responsibilities to prevent and respond to GBV and CAE. I understand that any action inconsistent with this Code of Conduct or failure to take action mandated by this Code of Conduct may result in disciplinary action and may affect my ongoing employment.
Company name: ______Signed by: ______
Title: ______Date: ______
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4. Action Plan
Implementation Roles & Responsibilities
Prevention
4.1 GBV and CAE Compliance Team & Code of Conduct Action Plan
The project shall establish a ‘GBV and CAE Compliance Team’ (GCCT) to create a Code of Conduct Action Plan to coordinate and monitor the contractor’s and consultant’s response to impacts of GBV and CAE in the workplace. The GCCT will include, as appropriate to the business, at least four representatives from the following:
a. A safeguards specialist representing SAA or another representative of the GoV; b. The occupational health and safety manager from the contractor17; c. The supervision consultant’s Resident Engineer; and, d. A representative from a local service provider with experience in GBV and CAE.
The terms of reference for the GCCT shall, among others, clearly indicate roles and responsibilities for the GCCT members. It will be the duty of the GCCT with support from the management to inform employees about the activities and responsibilities of the GCCT. GCCT members must undergo training by the local service provider prior to the commencement of their assignment.
The GCCT will be required to:
a. Finalize the draft GBV and CAE Codes of Conduct contained in this document. b. Prepare the Action Plan which includes: i. GBV and CAE Allegation Procedures (See 4.3) ii. Accountability Measures (See 4.4) iii. An Awareness raising Strategy (See 4.5) iv. A Response Protocol (See 4.6) c. Obtain approval of the Action Plan by company management; d. Obtain SAA and World Bank clearances for the final Codes of Conduct and Action Plan prior to full mobilization; e. Receive and monitor resolution and sanctions with regard to complaints received related to GBV and CAE associated with the SAIP Project; and, f. Ensure that GBV and CAE statistics are updated and included in the regular project reports. - The GCCT shall hold quarterly update meetings to discuss ways to strengthen resources and GBV and CAE support for employees and community members.
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4.2 Grievance Response Mechanism (GRM)
GRM GBV and CAE Focal Point
SAIP operates a grievance response mechanism (GRM) with an online portal at www.saip.ws. Reports of GBV, complaints, or other concerns may be submitted online, via telephone or mail, or in person.
The GRM operator will refer grievances to the appropriate party to resolve them. If a complaint on GBV or CAE is made through the GRM, it will be referred to the GCCT who will investigate the complaint and provide the GRM operator with a resolution to the complaint according to the Action Plan. The GRM operator will, upon resolution, advise the complainant of the outcome, unless it was made anonymously. Complaints made to managers or the local service provider will refer to the GRM process for further action.
While the local service provider is available at all times to provide support, grievance resolution involving Contractor’s staff will be the responsibility of the Contractor’s GBV and CAE Focal Point18. The GCCT will refer the grievance to the focal points for resolution and will advise on potential resolutions.
The Focal Point must be trained and empowered to resolve minor GBV and CAE issues. In major cases of GBV and CAE, the GBV and CAE Focal Point must appropriately refer the complaint to: (i) a local service provider; (ii) the authorities; and/or, (iii) management for further action. For client staff, the SAA safeguards appointee to the GCCT (or their delegate) will be responsible for resolving grievances.
It is essential that all staff of the GRM, GCCT and Focal Points understand the guiding principles and ethical requirement of dealing with survivors of GBV and CAE. All reports should be kept confidential and referred immediately to local service providers19.
Local Service Provider
The client, the Contractor and Consultant must establish a working relationship with a local service provider, so that GBV and CAE cases can safely be referred to them, and for support to their Focal Points. The local service provider will be invited to nominate one representative who will also form part of the GCCT established by the project.
The GRM will automatically record information on grievances as part of the project GRM reporting framework. The GRM operator and local service provider will collect reports/complaints made/lodged by community members on potential GBV and CAE cases experienced in the work site surroundings, and submit them through the GCCT for further action, or the police if necessary.
4.3 GBV and CAE Allegation Procedures
All staff, volunteers, consultants and sub-contractors are highly encouraged to report suspected or actual GBV and/or CAE cases. The company will provide information to employees and the community on how to report cases of GBV and CAE code of conduct breaches through the GRM. The GCCT will follow up
18 The Contractor’s GBV and CAE Focal Point will be identified by the Contractor and will typically be the contractor’s occupational health and safety manager. 19 Survivors of GBV and CAE may need access to police, justice, health, psychosocial, safe shelter and livelihood services to begin on a path of healing from their experience of violence. 147 Revision 6 v4 – April 2017 Adapted from AECOM IESMP APW Aug 2016
on cases of GBV, CAE and code of conduct breaches reported through the GRM. Reporting outcomes must be included in the Supervision Engineer’s Weekly, Monthly and Quarterly progress reports which are supplied to the World Bank. Any major issue with regards to GBV or CAE warranting police action shall be reported to the VPMU and the World Bank immediately.
4.4 Accountability Measures
All reports of sexual exploitation and sexual abuse shall be handled in a confidential manner in order to protect the rights of all involved. To ensure that survivors feel confident to disclose their experience of GBV or CAE, the client, Contractor and Consultant must maintain the confidentiality of employees who notify any acts or threats of violence, and of any employees accused of engaging in any acts or threats of violence (unless a breach of confidentiality is required to protect persons or property from serious harm or where required by law). Contractor/Consultants must prohibit discrimination or adverse action against an employee on the basis of survivor’s disclosure, experience or perceived experience of GBV or CAE. (See Annex 1 for examples of actions to maintain accountability).
Monitoring & Evaluation Strategy
The GCCT must monitor the follow up of cases that have been reported and maintain all reported cases in a confidential and secure location. Monitoring must collect the number of cases that have been reported and the share of them that are being managed by police, NGOs etc.
These statistics shall be reported to the GRM and the Supervision Engineer for inclusion in their reporting.
4.5 Awareness-raising Strategy
Create an Awareness-raising Strategy with activities aimed to sensitize employees on GBV and CAE on the work site and its related risks, provisions of the GBV and CAE Codes of Conduct, GBV and CAE Allegation Procedures, Accountability Measures and Response Protocol. The strategy will be accompanied by a timeline, indicating the various sensitization activities through which the strategy will be implemented and also the related (expected) delivery dates. Awareness-raising activities may be linked with trainings provided by local service providers.
Response
4.6 Response Protocol
The GCCT will be responsible for developing a written response20 protocol in accordance to national laws and protocols. The response protocol must include mechanisms to notify and respond to perpetrators in the workplace (See 4.8 for Perpetrator Policy and Response). The response protocol will include the GRM process to ensure competent and confidential response to disclosures of GBV and CAE. An employee who
20 Develop appropriate protocol for written recording of GBV issues and CAE raised in case the notes are subpoenaed. Develop processes for record keeping including activities undertaken by the GCCT.
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discloses a case of GBV or CAE in the workplace shall be referred to the GRM for further action.
4.7 Survivor Support Measures
Appropriately respond to the survivor’s disclosure by respecting the survivor’s choices to minimize the potential for re-traumatization and further violence against the survivor. Refer the survivor to the local service provider to obtain appropriate support services in the community – including medical and psychosocial support, emergency accommodation, security including police protection and livelihood support – by facilitating contact and coordination with these services. The client, Contractor or Consultant may, where feasible, provide financial and other supports to survivors of GBV or CAE for these services. (See Annex 1 for examples of financial support)
If the survivor is an employee, in order to ensure the safety of the survivor and the workplace in general, the client, Contractor or Consultant, in consultation with the survivor, will assess the risk of ongoing abuse, to the survivor and to the workplace, and make reasonable adjustments to the work schedule and work environment as deemed necessary. (See Annex 1 for examples of safety measures). The Contractor/Consultant will provide adequate leave to survivors seeking services after experiencing violence. (See Annex I for details).
4.8 Perpetrator Policy and Response
Encourage and accept notification through the GRM from employees and community members about perpetrators in the workplace. Through the GCCT and/or the local service provider, oversee the investigation of these grievances, according the accused procedural fairness and within the local laws. If an employee has breached the Code of Conduct, the employer will take action which could include:
1. Undertake disciplinary action up in accordance with sanctions developed by Contractor/Consultant. 2. Report the perpetrator to the Police as per local legal paradigms. 3. If feasible, provide or facilitate counselling for the perpetrator.
4.9 Sanctions
In accordance with the Code of Conduct, any employee identified as a potential GBV and/or CAE perpetrator shall be considered for disciplinary measures in line with sanctions and practices as agreed in the Individual Code of Conduct. (See Annex 1 for examples of sanctions). It is important to note that, for each case, disciplinary sanctions are intended to be part of a process that is entirely internal to the employer, is placed under the full control and responsibility of its managers, and is conducted in accordance with the applicable national labor legislation.
Such process is expected to be fully independent from any official investigation that competent authorities (e.g. Police) may decide to conduct in relationship to the same case, and in accordance with the applicable national law. Similarly, internal disciplinary measures that the employer’s managers may decide to enact are meant to be separate from any charges or sanctions that the official investigation may result into (e.g. monetary fines, detention etc.).
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Annex I - Potential Procedures.
Taking into consideration the employer’s policies and protocols, this annex provides draft ideas for the client, Contractor and Consultant to select and finalize.
Accountability Measures to maintain confidentiality can be achieved through the following actions:
1. Inform all employees that confidentiality of GBV/CAE survivors’ personal information is of utmost importance. 2. Provide the GCCT with training on empathetic and non-judgmental listening. 3. Take disciplinary action, including and up to dismissal, against those who breach survivor’s confidentiality (this is unless a breach of confidentiality is necessary to protect the survivor or another person from serious harm, or where required by law).
GBV and CAE Allegation Procedures should specify:
1. Who survivors can seek information and assistance from. 2. The process for community members and employees to lodge a complaint through the GRM should the code of conduct be violated. 3. The mechanism for how community members and employees can escalate a request for support or notification of violence if the process for reporting is ineffective due to unavailability or non- responsiveness, or if the employee’s concern in not resolved.
Financial and Other Supports to survivors can include:
1. No/low interest loans. 2. Salary advances. 3. Direct payment of medical costs. 4. Upfront payments for medical costs to be recouped from the employee’s health insurance. 5. Providing or facilitating access to childcare. 6. Providing security upgrades to the employee’s home. 7. Providing safe transportation to access support services or to and from accommodation.
Survivor Support measures to ensure the safety of the survivor can include:
1. Changing the employee’s span of hours or pattern of hours and/or shift patterns. 2. Redesigning or changing the employee’s duties. 3. Changing the employee’s telephone number or email address to avoid harassing contact. 4. Relocating the employee to another work site/ alternative premises. 5. Providing safe transportation to and from work for a specified period. 6. Supporting the employee to apply for an Interim Protection Order or referring them to appropriate support. 7. Taking any other appropriate measures including those available under existing provisions for family friendly and flexible work arrangements.
Leave options for survivors that are employees can include:
1. An employee experiencing GBV should be able to request paid special leave to attend medical or psychosocial appointments, legal proceedings, relocation to safe accommodation and other activities related to GBV.
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2. An employee who supports a person experiencing GBV or CAE may take carer’s leave, including but not limited to accompanying them to court or hospital, or to mind children. 3. Employees who are employed in a casual capacity may request unpaid special leave or unpaid carer’s leave to undertake the activities described above. 4. The amount of leave provided will be determine by the individual’s situation through consultations with the employee, the management and the GCCT where appropriate.
Potential Sanctions to employees who are perpetrators of GBV and CAE include:
Informal warning Formal warning Additional Training Loss of up to one week’s salary. Suspension of employment (without payment of salary), for a minimum period of 1 month up to a maximum of 6 months. Termination of employment.
Referral to the Police or other authorities as warranted.
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APPENDIX G: PESMP IMPLEMENTATION PLAN GUIDELINES
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QUARRY MANAGEMENT PLAN GUIDELINE
1. Objective
This Guideline is based on COEP 8 and is to cross referenced with this COEP as it provides WB EHS requirements in addition to the government requirement set out in the COEP. The objective of this Guideline is to prescribe the safety requirements for the development and operation of quarries as well as to define procedures and works that shall be used to mitigate against adverse environmental effects. The quarry operations shall follow the principles of WorkSafe New Zealand’s guidance on health and safety good practice at opencast mines, alluvial mines and quarries (http://tinyurl.com/quarry-guide). It is recommended that all workers be provided with the associated pocket guide (http://tinyurl.com/quarry-pocket-guide).
Only in the case when extraction of material from the existing quarries is uneconomical or unsuitable, or alternative material sources are not available, then only the Contractor should establish a new quarry with prior environmental, social and legal approval.
2. Planning and Design
2.1 Quarry Sites During the planning of a development project which will involve earthworks, potential quarry sites shall be identified. The potential sites shall be discussed during public consultations in regard to the project. Such potential sites shall be identified on plans drawn to an appropriate scale and the plans shall be displayed and discussed during public consultations.
It is the contractor’s responsibility to identify the specific sites to be used during construction in order to meet the project specifications.
2.2 Land Acquisition The purchase or lease of land for quarry development shall be undertaken in terms of the procedures defined in the Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF). No quarrying is to be undertaken prior to the execution of a Land Use Agreement with the owners.
2.3 Site Plans It is desirable that no quarry boundary is located within 500 metres of a public area or town or village nor within 300 metres of any isolated dwelling. The designer shall provide site plans of potential quarry sites in the tender documents. Such plans shall show existing level contours, access road, natural watercourses and other relevant topographical features.
The area defined for quarry operation shall be based on the volume of aggregate to be quarried and hence the extent of quarry operation. It shall also provide the area necessary for stockpiling stripped overburden, the establishment of a crusher and screening plant, the stockpiling of crushed aggregate and the installation of stormwater cut off drains, silt retention ponds and staff amenities.
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3. Construction
3.1 Quarry Management Plan All quarry operation shall be the entire responsibility of the contractor and shall be carried out in terms of the agreed management plan.
Prior to commencing any physical works on site, a quarry development plan shall be prepared and approved by the Client’s Consulting Engineer and PUMA. The quarry management plan shall satisfy all DGMRW permit application requirement and ensuring due regard for the following:
All operations shall comply with the laws of Samoa and the SAIP PESMP. Show the extent of overburden stripping and the stockpiling of same for later site restoration. Document the methods of vegetation clearance, including the results of plant / habitat surveys and / or the plan to carry out such surveys. Show the details and location of surface water drainage from the quarry site and the silt retention pond that will be constructed to settle silt and soil contaminated water prior to its discharge to ground or a natural water course. Show details of catch drains installed to intercept overland flow of surface water to prevent its discharge into the quarry area. State safety precautions to be implemented. Show facilities such as guardhouse, amenities block and other facilities to be constructed. Show location of aggregate stockpiles. List plant and equipment to be used in the development and operation of the quarry. Show the site of the proposed magazine for the storage of explosives. Show sensitive environmental receptors (vegetation, waterways, neighbouring land uses) Community engagement strategy – how the community will be consulted, warned of blasting, traffic will be controlled, site safety maintained etc. Other relevant environmental controls based on an environmental impact assessment Basic rehabilitation plan Copies of all relevant licences (environmental permits, mining licences etc.) x
On no account shall physical works be commenced for development of the quarry until an agreed Quarry Management Plan has been approved by the Supervision Engineer and cleared by the World Bank as compliant with the PESMP.
3.2 Safety Provisions The following provisions shall be made in the operation of any quarry opened and/or operated by the Contractor for the safety of all employees or persons on site:
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All persons engaged in the operation of the quarry shall be trained and have sufficient knowledge of and experience in the type of operation in which they are engaged. All persons engaged in the operation of the quarry shall be adequately supervised. Approved lighting shall be provided in inside working places where natural lighting is inadequate to provide safe working conditions. All personnel engaged in quarry operations shall wear appropriate PPE at all times when on the quarry site. All employees engaged in operations on a quarry face at a height greater than 1.5 metres above the level of the quarry floor or bench floor shall be attached at all times to a properly secured safety rope by means of a safety belt. All persons whose duty it is to attend to moving machinery in or about any quarry shall wear close fitting and close fastened garments. Their hair shall be cut short or securely fixed and confined close to their head. All boilers, compressors, engines, gears, crushing and screening equipment and all moving parts of machinery shall be kept in a safe condition. Every flywheel and exposed moving parts of machinery shall be fitted with safety screens or safety fenced as appropriate. All elevated platforms, walkways and ladders shall be provided with adequate hand or safety rails or cages. Machinery shall not be cleaned manually while it is in motion nor oiled or greased while in motion.
Should any of the above safety measures be ignored or inoperative at any time then the Supervision Engineer shall direct that quarry operations cease until all safety measures are provided and are in operating order.
3.3 Provision of First Aid At every quarry there shall be provided the following first aid equipment:
A suitably constructed stretcher with a warm, dry blanket. A well equipped first-aid box.
The quarry manager shall at least once every working week personally inspect the first-aid equipment to ensure that it complies with the requirements of this specification. Any supplies used from the first-aid box shall be replaced forthwith.
A person trained in first aid to the injured shall be available at the quarry during all operational periods of whatever nature.
3.4 Health Provisions At every quarry a sufficient number of toilets and urinals shall be provided for the use of employees and shall be properly maintained and kept in a clean condition.
At every quarry a supply of potable water, sufficient for the needs of the persons employed, shall be provided. If persons are employed in places remote from the source of water supply, suitable clean containers of potable water shall be provided for their use.
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Suitable facilities for washing shall be provided and maintained in a clean and tidy condition to the satisfaction of the employer, and those facilities shall be conveniently accessible for the use of persons employed in or about the quarry.
3.5 Quarry Manager A manager who is experienced in all aspects of quarry operation and in particular safety procedures shall control every quarry. The manager shall be personally responsible for ensuring that all safety facilities are available and that safety procedures are followed.
The quarry manager shall have appropriate qualifications as recognised and required by GoV
When requesting the Supervision Engineer’s approval to operate the quarry, the contractor shall ensure that the credentials include certified true copies of the following documents:
Grade quarry manager’s surface certificate Quarry shot firer’s certificate References from previous clients or employers demonstrating experience in: o The design and layout of quarries including the layout of benches, faces, access roads, drainage and crushing plant. o The methods of working quarry faces with particular reference to face stability and the safety of persons employed in or about the quarry o The safety of the public at large o The provision for and application of first aid.
The quarry manager’s duties shall include as a minimum:
daily, within two hours immediately before the commencement of the first working shift of the day in any part of the quarry, inspect every working place and travelling road, and all adjacent places from which danger might arise, and shall forthwith make a true report of the inspection in a record book kept for the purpose at the quarry. The record book shall be accessible to the Supervision Engineer and the persons employed in or about the quarry. at least once in every 24 hours examine the state of the safety appliances or gear connected with quarrying operations in the quarry, and shall record the examination in the record book. once in each week carefully examine the buildings, machinery, faces, benches, and all working places used in the quarrying operations, and shall forthwith after every such examination record in writing in the record book his opinion as to their condition and safety and as to any alterations or repairs required to ensure greater safety of the persons employed in the working of the quarry. The manager shall then ensure that any such alterations or repairs are carried out.
3.6 Vegetation Vegetation shall be stripped from the proposed quarry development area. Before stripping any vegetation a survey shall be undertaken to determine the presence of any threatened plant species or habitats of threatened animal species. All necessary steps shall be taken to save plants classified as
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important. Care shall be taken to avoid damage to any vegetation outside the defined quarry area. On no account shall burning of vegetation be permitted.
3.7 Overburden Stripping Overburden stripped from any proposed quarry area shall be stockpiled clear of the quarry operation to be used for site restoration at the completion of operations. Stockpiles shall be shaped and smoothed to minimise ingress of rainwater.
Surface water run off from stockpiles shall be intercepted by perimeter drains which shall be discharged to silt retention ponds.
Batters in overburden excavation shall be sloped to ensure they are safe and stable against failure.
The maximum height of any batter in overburden shall be 3 metres. Any higher batter in overburden shall have an intermediate bench at least 3.5 metres in width. Such benches shall be shaped and drained.
3.8 Blasting Operations Blasting operations shall be conducted in a manner that will not cause danger to life or property.
All explosives shall be stored in purpose built locked magazines on a site within the quarry boundary but remote from blasting operations. Detonators shall be stored in a separate locked magazine but similarly sited.
A blasting operations manual shall be prepared for any quarry and such manual, which shall be maintained by the quarry manager, shall stipulate procedures for at least the following:
Operation of magazines for the storage of explosives and for the storage of detonators. The quantity of explosive that may be removed from a magazine at any one time. The procedure for quarry explosive cases. Persons allowed to fire shots. Explosives to be carried in securely covered containers. Tamping of explosives. Diameter of drill holes. Time when charges are to be fired. Detonation delay. Firing warnings. Blasting shelters. Treatment of misfired charges Inspection of work site after each detonation by the quarry manager or an approved person appointed in writing by the quarry manager.
A person specially appointed in writing by the quarry manager for the purpose shall be in charge of every magazine, and shall have keys to one of the locks. That person shall be responsible for the safe storage of explosives contained therein, for the distribution of explosives therefrom, and for the keeping
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of accurate records of stocks and issues in a book provided for the purpose. A second person, appointed by the employer shall have keys to the second lock. Both persons shall be present to unlock the magazine, and note the removal of stock and ensure both locks are subsequently secured.
Explosives shall be used in the same order as that in which they were received into the magazine. Naked lights shall not be introduced into a magazine or into any working place in a quarry where explosives are temporarily stored. Explosives shall not be taken from a magazine in quantities exceeding that required for use during one shift, and any surplus explosives shall be returned to the magazine at the end of that shift. No case or carton containing explosives shall be opened in the storage area of any magazine. Instruments made solely of wood, brass, or copper shall be used in opening cases or cartons of explosives, and the contractor shall provide and keep suitable instruments for that purpose. The preparation of charges and the charging, tamping, and firing of all explosive charges in or about a quarry shall be carried out under the personal supervision of the quarry manager.
3.9 Access/Haul Roads - Access to a new quarry site may require construction of a new road or rehabilitation of an existing road. Construction of a new road, in a rural environment is may be permitted where it does not impact natural habitats or require resettlement. The rehabilitation / strengthening of an existing road is a preferred alternative and may involve widening of the road, replacement and /or strengthening of road pavement, improvements in drainage and side slopes, and repairs of culverts and bridges. It may also include realignment of a short stretch of the road. - As part of the rehabilitation plan the Contractor may be required to restore roads to their condition prior to commencing quarrying works. 3.10 Workers Accommodation Any accommodation provided by the Contractor for workers must comply with the worker’s accommodation requirements in the PESMP and CESMP.
3.11 Dust Suppression Operation of any quarry shall incorporate dust suppression measures. Dust generation during blasting operations shall be minimised. All haul roads shall be regularly dampened by spray bars fitted to water tankers or similar systems in order to minimise dust generation by traffic movements. Crushers, screens and stockpiles shall be dampened by appropriate water sprays to minimise dust generation.
4. Rehabilitation
- Quarry rehabilitation shall be done in accordance with the principles of the CSI Guidelines on Quarry Rehabilitation (http://tinyurl.com/quarry-rehabilitation).
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- A realistic Rehabilitation Plan will be developed and rehabilitation planning shall begin as early as possible in the quarry life cycle in order to be fully effective. Once objectives are set, rehabilitation activities should be defined and performed in order to achieve these goals. - The objectives of a rehabilitation plan should be based upon the specific characteristics of the extraction site and should reflect: - Legislative requirements - Health and safety considerations - Environmental and social characteristics of the quarry and surrounding area - Biodiversity of area - Ecosystem services provided within the sites ecological boundaries - Operating plan for the quarry – technical feasibility of the rehabilitation objectives will be affected by the manner in which the quarry operates - Status of the quarrying area of existing operating site - Characteristics of the deposit (geology and hydrology) - Impacts arising from operation of the site - Post closure land use plan
Rehabilitation plans should adopt the following structure:
a. Context b. Objectives c. Action plans d. Prioritised actions and schedule e. Monitoring and evaluation f. Rehabilitation and post-closure costs g. Roles and responsibilities h. Compatibility with biodiversity - 5. Consent
5.1 Consent Required In accordance with the Mines and Minerals Act, Quarry Permit Regulation Order No. 8 (2005) and any other relevant legislation, any person who engages in quarry development or operations shall first obtain Quarry Permit from DGMRW for the proposed activity.
5.2 Application for Consent - Permit applications shall be on an approved form and shall be submitted by to the Commissioner. Applications shall be accompanied by such other documents as DGMRW may require. The Commissioner must not issue or renew any permit unless a copy of the application has been exhibited for a period of not less than 30 days at the headquarters of the area council of the local government council responsible for the land which is the subject of the application.
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5.3 Special Conditions - The Commissioner may, by notice served on the applicant, require further information in respect of the application as the Commissioner considers relevant or necessary. The applicant must comply with the notice.
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WASTE MANAGEMENT IMPLEMENTION PLAN GUIDELINE
6. Objective
The objective of this Sub-plan is to prescribe the requirements for the development of waste management sub-plans.
7. Planning and Design
As part of the Contractors ESMP (CESMP) prepared by the contractor waste management measures will be included in a waste management plan (WMP) to cover all matters related to solid and liquid waste disposal arising from construction related activities (including storage, disposal and accidental spills).
The Contractors will prepare a WMP based on national legislation and detailed prescriptions of the PESMP which will cover the following:
i. Assign responsibility of implementing the waste management plan to one designated person; ii. Forecast the types and percentage of waste that will be produced by the contract: Divide the listed waste streams into recyclable, reusable and refuse iii. Describe recycling/reuse methods. Identify the possibilities for reuse and recycling for each type of waste that is created and describe these – where, how, and when to handle materials. The following must be considered: Agreed reuse and recycling options and locations for disposal/endorsement from PUMA; Recyclables to be recovered and sold to recognized recyclers; iv. Identify waste destinations. Only existing consented disposal sites will be used. This section should consider: Methods for treatment and disposal of all solid and liquid wastes; Designation of waste disposal areas agreed with local authorities; Residual waste to be disposed of in disposal sites approved by local authorities and not located within 500 m of rivers or streams; Disposal of solid wastes into drainage ditches, rivers, other watercourses, agricultural fields and public areas shall be prohibited; and All solid waste will be collected and removed from work camps and disposed in designated local waste disposal sites. v. Material use and handling: Use this section to describe how waste will be sorted and stored on site before collection. This section should consider: Provide details of how the various waste streams will be stored and labelled in the construction camp;
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Provide instructions for the handling of all types of waste including detailed instructions for equipment needed when managing waste, as well as any safety procedures for waste crew; Identification of licensed service providers for waste collection; Establishment of regular disposal schedule and constraints for hazardous waste; Program for disposal of general waste / chain of custody for hazardous waste; Segregation of wastes to be observed. Organic (biodegradable - such as tree trimmings) shall be collected, stockpiled and given to the local community (no burning is allowed on site); Camp, construction offices/facilities and work’s yard to be provided with garbage bins; Burning of construction and domestic wastes to be prohibited; vi. Monitoring: The relevant monitoring requirements of the PESMP will be incorporated into the WMP and a designated person will be listed as being responsible for monitoring. vii. Communication and training: Explain what will be done to educate and inform all project employees about the waste management system that has been established.
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OHS IMPLEMENTATION PLAN GUIDELINE
1. Objective
The objective of this Code of Practice is to provide guidance on the:
key principles involved in ensuring the health and safety of workers is protected; preparation of Health and Safety Code of Practices and associated Job Safety Analyses (JSA); and implementation of Health and Safety Code of Practices during project implementation.
The key reference document for this Guideline is the World Bank Group’s Environmental, Health, and Safety (EHS) Guidelines together with the relevant Industry Sector EHS Guidelines available at www.ifc.org/ehsguidelines.
2. Requirements
For the purposes of the project, in addition to the national OHS standards the employer is adopting a code of practice for occupational health and safety based on good international industry practice. To be qualified for bidding contractors will be required to have in place an occupational health and safety management system which is compliant with, or equivalent to, OHSAS 18000 (http://certificationeurope.com/ohsas-18000-health-safety-managment-standards/) and is acceptable to the client. The contractor shall specify which occupational health and safety standards are to be applicable to the project, and provide evidence of application of such standards on a project of similar size and complexity during the past 5 years. The standards to be adopted may include those of Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the EU and the US, which are referred to in the World Bank Group EHS Guidelines.’
With their bids, Contractors will be required to submit statistics for their workplace safety performance for the past 5 years on (including sub-contractors for projects where they were lead contractor):
Number of fatal injuries (resulting is loss of life of someone associated with the project or the public) Number of notifiable injuries (an incident which requires notification of a statutory authority under health and safety legislation or the contractor’s health and safety management system) Number of lost time injuries (an injury or illness certified by a medical practitioner that results in absence of work for at least one scheduled day or shift, following the day or shift when the accident occurred) Number of medical treatment injuries (the management and care of a patient to effect medical treatment or combat disease and disorder excluding: (i) visits solely for the purposes of observation or counselling; (ii) diagnostic procedures (e.g. x-rays, blood tests); or, (iii) first aid treatments as described below) Number of first aid injuries (minor treatments administered by a nurse or a trained first aid attendant)
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Number of recordable strikes of services (contact with an above ground or below ground service resulting in damage or potential damage to the service) Lost Time Injury Frequency Rate (the number of allowed lost time injury and illness claims per million man-hours equivalent workers for the injury year specified) Total Recorded Frequency Rate (the number of recordable injuries [recordable/lost time/fatal] per million man-hours equivalent workers for the injury year specified) The Client’s Consulting Engineer is required to monitor OHS guidance during their regular duties. There will be monthly/bi-monthly independent OHS audits by a certified auditor as part of the consultant’s supervision team.
The Contractor will be required to report monthly on their performance with the above indicators supplied during bidding, as well as:
Number of alcohol tests Proportion of positive alcohol tests Number of site health and safety audits conducted by contractor Number of safety briefings Number of near misses Number of traffic management inspections Number of sub-contractor reviews Number of stop work actions Number of positive reinforcements
3. Principles
Employers must take all reasonable practicable steps to protect the health and safety of workers and provide and maintain a safe and healthy working environment.
All contractors must have in place an OHS management system which is compliant with, or equivalent to, OHSAS 18000, Work Safe Australia, Work Safe New Zealand, or an OECD country acceptable to the client to be proposed and agreed during bidding by the client. The system must be kept current and maintained for the life of the project.
The application of prevention and control measures to occupational hazards should be based on comprehensive job safety analyses (JSA). The results of these analyses should be prioritized as part of an action plan based on the likelihood and severity of the consequence of exposure to the identified hazards.
The following key principles are relevant to maintaining worker health and safety:
3.1 Identification and assessment of hazards Each employer must establish and maintain effective methods for: 164 Revision 6 v4 – April 2017 Adapted from AECOM IESMP APW Aug 2016
Systematically identifying existing and potential hazards to employees; Systematically identifying, at the earliest practicable time, new hazards to employees; Regularly assessing the extent to which a hazard poses a risk to employees.
3.2 Management of identified hazards Each employer must apply prevention and control measures to control hazards which are identified and assessed as posing a threat to the safety, health or welfare of employees, and where practicable, the hazard shall he eliminated. The following preventive and protective measures must be implemented order of priority:
Eliminating the hazard by removing the activity from the work process; Controlling the hazard at its source through engineering controls; Minimizing the hazard through design of safe work systems; Providing appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE).
The application of prevention and control measures to occupational hazards should be based on comprehensive job safety analyses (JSA). The results of these analyses should be prioritized as part of an action plan based on the likelihood and severity of the consequence of exposure to the identified hazards.
3.3 Training and supervision Each employer must take all reasonable practicable steps to provide to employees (in appropriate languages) the necessary information, instruction, training and supervision to protect each employee's health and to manage emergencies that might reasonably be expected to arise in the course of work. Training and supervision extends to the correct use of PPE and providing employees with appropriate incentives to use PPE.
To that end, all safety officers, supervisors and managers for the contractor and Client’s Consulting Engineer must have a minimum level of occupational health and safety (OHS) training equivalent to the New Zealand Construction Safety Council Tier-1 training (http://tinyurl.com/ohs-tier-1-training).
3.4 General duty of employees Each employee shall:
take all reasonable care to protect their own and fellow workers health and safety at the workplace and, as appropriate, other persons in the vicinity of the workplace; use PPE and other safety equipment supplied as required; and not use PPE or other safety equipment for any purpose not directly related to the work for which it is provided.
3.5 Protective clothing and equipment Each employer shall:
provide, maintain and make accessible to employees the PPE necessary to avoid injury and damage to their health; 165 Revision 6 v4 – April 2017 Adapted from AECOM IESMP APW Aug 2016
take all reasonably practicable steps to ensure that employees use that PPE in the circumstances for which it is provided; and make provision at the workplace for PPE to be cleaned and securely stored without risk of damage when not required. 4. Design
Effective management of health and safety issues requires the inclusion of health and safety considerations during design processes in an organized, hierarchical manner that includes the following steps:
identifying project health and safety hazards and associated risks as early as possible in the project cycle including the incorporation of health and safety considerations into the worksite selection process and construction methodologies; involving health and safety professionals who have the experience, competence, and training necessary to assess and manage health and safety risks; understanding the likelihood and magnitude of health and safety risks, based on: o the nature of the project activities, such as whether the project will involve hazardous materials or processes; o The potential consequences to workers if hazards are not adequately managed; designing and implementing risk management strategies with the objective of reducing the risk to human health; prioritising strategies that eliminate the cause of the hazard at its source by selecting less hazardous materials or processes that avoid the need for health and safety controls; when impact avoidance is not feasible, incorporating engineering and management controls to reduce or minimize the possibility and magnitude of undesired consequences; preparing workers and nearby communities to respond to accidents, including providing technical resources to effectively and safely control such events; Improving health and safety performance through a combination of ongoing monitoring of facility performance and effective accountability.
For further information on safety in design see: http://tinyurl.com/ohs-safety-in-design.
5. Job Safety Analysis The job safety analysis (JSA) is a process involving the identification of potential health and safety hazards from a particular work activity and designing risk control measures to eliminate the hazards or reduce the risk to an acceptable level. JSAs must be undertaken for discrete project activities such that the risks can be readily identified and appropriate risk management measures designed.
The annex to this Code of Practice includes a template for a JSA that must be completed and included as an attachment to the Health and Safety Code of Practice.
6. Implementation
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A Health and Safety Plan must be prepared and approved and submitted as part of the CESMP prior to any works commencing on site.
The H&S Plan must demonstrate the Contractor’s understanding of how to manage safety and a commitment to providing a workplace that enables all work activities to be carried out safely. The H&S Plan must detail reasonably practicable measures to eliminate or minimise risks to the health, safety and welfare of workers, contractors, visitors, and anyone else who may be affected by the operations. The H&S Plan must be prepared in accordance with the World Bank’s EHS Guidelines, Vanuatu’s health and safety legislation, and industry best practices as appropriate.
6.2 Training and Awareness Provisions should be made to provide health and safety orientation training to all new employees to ensure they are apprised of the basic site rules of work at / on the site and of personal protection and preventing injury to fellow employees. Training should consist of basic hazard awareness, site-specific hazards, safe work practices, and emergency procedures for fire, evacuation, and natural disaster, as appropriate.
To that end, all safety officers, supervisors and managers for the contractor and Client’s Consulting Engineer must have a minimum level of occupational health and safety (OHS) training equivalent to the New Zealand Construction Safety Council Tier-1 training (http://tinyurl.com/ohs-tier-1-training).
Visitors to worksites must be provided with a site induction prior to entering and must be escorted at all times while on site. This induction must include details of site hazards, provision of necessary PPE and emergency procedures. Visitors are not permitted to access to areas where hazardous conditions or substances may be present, unless appropriately inducted.
6.3 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) provides additional protection to workers exposed to workplace hazards in conjunction with other facility controls and safety systems.
The PPE requirements shall be clearly defined in the CESMP and be based on the New Zealand Transport Agency’s ZeroHarm approach (http://tinyurl.com/ohs-ppe-requirements). It should be noted that these PPE requirements also apply to site visitors, based on the perceived risk. PPE is considered to be a last resort that is above and beyond the other facility controls and provides the worker with an extra level of personal protection. The table below presents general examples of occupational hazards and types of PPE available for different purposes. Recommended measures for use of PPE in the workplace include:·
active use of PPE if alternative technologies, work plans or procedures cannot eliminate, or sufficiently reduce, a hazard or exposure; identification and provision of appropriate PPE that offers adequate protection to the worker, co-workers, and occasional visitors, without incurring unnecessary inconvenience to the individual; proper maintenance of PPE, including cleaning when dirty and replacement when damaged or worn out. Proper use of PPE should be part of the recurrent training programs for Employees
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selection of PPE should be based on the hazard and risk ranking described earlier in this section, and selected according to criteria on performance and testing established
Objective Workplace Hazards Suggested PPE
Eye and face protection Flying particles, molten metal, liquid Safety Glasses with side-shields, chemicals, gases or vapors, light protective shades, etc. radiation.
Head protection Falling objects, inadequate height Plastic Helmets with top and side clearance, and overhead power cords. impact protection.
Hearing protection Noise, ultra-sound. Hearing protectors (ear plugs or ear muffs).
Foot protection Falling or rolling objects, pointed Safety shoes and boots for protection objects. Corrosive or hot liquids. against moving & falling objects, liquids and chemicals.
Hand protection Hazardous materials, cuts or Gloves made of rubber or synthetic lacerations, vibrations, extreme materials (Neoprene), leather, steel, temperatures. insulating materials, etc.
Respiratory Dust, fogs, fumes, mists, gases, Facemasks with appropriate filters for smokes, vapors. dust removal and air purification protection (chemicals, mists, vapors and gases). Single or multi-gas personal monitors, if available.
Oxygen deficiency Portable or supplied air (fixed lines).
On-site rescue equipment.
Body/leg protection Extreme temperatures, hazardous Insulating clothing, body suits aprons materials, biological agents, cutting etc. of appropriate materials. and laceration.
7. Monitoring
Occupational health and safety monitoring programs should verify the effectiveness of prevention and control strategies. The selected indicators should be representative of the most significant occupational, health, and safety hazards, and the implementation of prevention and control strategies. The occupational health and safety monitoring program should include:
Safety inspection, testing and calibration: This should include regular inspection and testing of all safety features and hazard control measures focusing on engineering and personal protective features, work procedures, places of work, installations, equipment, and tools used. The
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inspection should verify that issued PPE continues to provide adequate protection and is being worn as required. Surveillance of the working environment: Employers should document compliance using an appropriate combination of portable and stationary sampling and monitoring instruments. Monitoring and analyses should be conducted according to internationally recognized methods and standards. Surveillance of workers health: When extraordinary protective measures are required (for example, against hazardous compounds), workers should be provided appropriate and relevant health surveillance prior to first exposure, and at regular intervals thereafter. Training: Training activities for employees and visitors should be adequately monitored and documented (curriculum, duration, and participants). Emergency exercises, including fire drills, should be documented adequately. Accidents and Diseases monitoring. The employer should establish procedures and systems for reporting and recording: o Occupational accidents and diseases o Dangerous occurrences and incidents
These systems should enable workers to report immediately to their immediate supervisor any situation they believe presents a serious danger to life or health.
Each month, the contractor shall supply the following data to the Client’s Consulting Engineer for reporting to the client. These data are to also include incidents related to any sub-contractors working directly, or indirectly, for the Contractor.
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Definitions of the above are to be in accordance with those used by the New Zealand Transport Agency (http://tinyurl.com/nzta-ohs-reporting).
The Client’s Consulting Engineer shall be notified of any incident in accordance with the standards below:
All Class 1 and Class 2 health and safety incidents must be formally investigated and reported to the Client’s Consulting Engineer through an investigation report. This report shall be based on a sufficient level of investigation by the Contractor so that all the essential factors are recorded. Lessons learnt must be identified and communicated promptly. All findings must have substantive documentation. As a minimum the investigation report must include:
Date and location of incident Summary of events Immediate cause of incident Underlying cause of incident Root cause of incident Immediate action taken Human factors Outcome of incident, e.g. severity of harm caused, injury, damage Corrective actions with clearly defined timelines and people responsible for implementation Recommendations for further improvement 170 Revision 6 v4 – April 2017 Adapted from AECOM IESMP APW Aug 2016
Job Safety Analysis (JSA) Add Organisation Name:
Ref: Version:
Business details
Business name: Contact person: Address: Contact position: Contact email Contact phone number address: Job Safety Analysis details Work activity: Location: Who are involved in the This job analysis has been authorised by: activity: Name: ...... Plant and equipment used: Maintenance checks Position: ...... required: Signature: ......
Tools used: Date:...... Materials used: Personal protective equipment: Certificates, permits and/approvals required Relevant legislation, codes, standard MSDSs etc applicable to this activity
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Risk assessment
**Use the risk rating table to assess the level of risk for each job step.
Likelihood 1 2 3 4 5 Rare Unlikely Moderate Likely Almost Certain Consequence The event may occur in The event could occur The event should occur The event will probably occur The event is expected to exceptional circumstances sometimes sometimes in most circumstances occur in most circumstances 1 Insignificant No injuries or health LOW LOW LOW LOW MODERATE issues
2 Minor First aid treatment LOW LOW MODERATE MODERATE HIGH
3 Moderate Medical treatment, LOW MODERATE HIGH HIGH CRITICAL potential LTI 4 Major Permanent disability or LOW MODERATE HIGH CRITICAL CATASTROPHIC disease 5 Extreme Death MODERATE HIGH CRITICAL CATASTROPHIC CATASTROPHIC
Risk rating: Low risk: Acceptable risk and no further action required as long as risk has been minimised as possible. Risk needs to be reviewed periodically. Moderate risk: Tolerable with further action required to minimise risk. Risk needs to be reviewed periodically. High risk: Tolerable with further action required to minimise risk. Risk needs to be reviewed continuously. Critical risk: Unacceptable risk and further action required immediately to minimise risk. Catastrophic: Unacceptable risk and urgent action required to minimise risk.
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Risk controls
The hierarchy of control can be used as an effective tool to deal with health and safety issues at work. Use the type of control suggested as measures to deal with the hazard. Aim to use control measures from as high on the hierarchy of control list as possible. If that is not possible the next option down the list or a combination of the measures should be implemented. The least effective control measure is the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) and it should be used as a last resort or a support to other control measures. Information and training should be integrated with all levels of control to explain how controls work.
1. Eliminate – if it is possible, the hazard should be removed completely. For example, get rid of dangerous machines.
2. Substitute – replace something that produces the hazard with something that does not produce a hazard. For example, replacing solvent based paint with water based paint. Risk assessment on the substitution must be conducted to ensure that it will not pose another hazard.
3. Engineering control – isolate a person from the hazard by creating physical barrier or making changes to process, equipment or plant to reduce the hazard. For example, install ventilation systems.
4. Administrative control – change the way a person works by establishing policies and procedures to minimise the risks. For example, job scheduling to limit exposure and posting hazard signs.
5. Use personal protective equipment (PPE) – protect a person from the hazard by wearing PPE. For example, wearing gloves, safety glasses, hard hats and high-visibility clothing. PPE must be correctly fitted, used and maintained to provide protection.
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JSA – Action steps
Risk Name of persons Step No Job step details Potential hazards How to control risks*** rating** responsible for work
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This job safety analysis has been developed through consultation with our employees and has been read, understood and signed by all employees undertaking the works:
Print Names: Signatures: Dates:
Review No 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08
Initial:
Date:
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Workers’ accommodation: processes and standards A guidance note by IFC and the EBRD IFC/EBRD | Guidance on Workers’ Accommodation
The EBRD is an international financial institution that supports Contents projects from central Europe to central Asia. Investing primarily EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1 in private sector clients whose needs cannot be fully met by INTRODUCTION 2 the market, we foster transition towards open and democratic PART I: PLANNING AND ASSESSING REQUIREMENTS market economies. In all our operations we follow the highest FOR WORKERS’ ACCOMMODATION 4 standards of corporate governance and sustainable development. I. Assessing the need for workers’ accommodation 5 A. Availability of workforce 5 IFC, a member of the World Bank Group, creates opportunity for people to escape poverty and improve their lives. We foster B. Availability of existing housing 5 sustainable economic growth in developing countries by supporting II. Assessing impacts of workers’ accommodation on communities 6 private sector development, mobilising private capital, and providing advisory and risk mitigation services to businesses A. Specific impacts during the construction phase 7 and governments. Our new investments totalled US$ 15 billion B. Community infrastructure 7 in fiscal 2009, helping play a prominent role in addressing C. Community services and facilities 7 the financial crisis. For more information, visit www.ifc.org. D. Local businesses and local employment 7 E. Community health and safety 7 About this guidance note F. Community cohesion 7 This Guidance Note is aimed at providing practical guidance to IFC and EBRD specialists, consultants and clients on the G. Land acquisition and resettlement 7 processes and standards that should be applied to the provision H. Dismantling and reinstatement 7 of workers’ accommodation in relation to projects funded by IFC III. Types of workers’ accommodation 9 or the EBRD. Applying appropriate standards to the construction PART II: STANDARDS FOR AND MANAGEMENT 11 and operation of worker housing falls within the performance OF WORKERS’ ACCOMMODATION requirements on labour and working conditions expected of clients I. Standards for workers’ accommodation 11 by both institutions. The Guidance Note also provides examples A. National/local standards 11 of good practice approaches that businesses have successfully B. General living facilities 11 applied in their operations. IFC and the EBRD have not financed C. Room/dormitory facilities 13 all the projects or companies mentioned in the Note. Some of the information in the Note originates from publicly available sources D. Sanitary and toilet facilities 14 such as company web sites. IFC and the EBRD have not verified E. Canteen, cooking and laundry facilities 14 the accuracy of such information nor the companies’ practices. F. Standards for nutrition and food safety 16 This Guidance Note is not intended to establish policy itself; G. Medical facilities 17 and any issues arising in an IFC- or EBRD-financed project will H. Leisure, social and telecommunication facilities 18 be assessed and addressed in the context of the particular II. Managing workers’ accommodation 18 circumstances of that project. The EBRD and IFC recognise that there are no comprehensive international regulations A. Management and staff 18 relating to workers’ accommodation, and that good and best B. Charging fees for accommodation and services 19 practices are constantly evolving. The EBRD and IFC intend C. Health and safety on site 19 to update this Guidance Note to reflect such developments, D. Security of workers’ accommodation 20 and would welcome feedback and comments from users E. Workers’ rights, rules and regulations to contribute to this process. Comments should be sent to on workers’ accommodation 21 [email protected] and [email protected] F. Consultation and grievance mechanisms 22 G. Management of community relations 22 ANNEX I: CHECKLIST ON WORKERS’ ACCOMMODATION 24 August 2009 1
Workers’ accommodation: processes and standards Public guidance note by IFC and the EBRD
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
This guidance note addresses the processes and required, and if so, whether this can be provided standards that should be applied to the provision of within existing local communities or whether workers’ accommodation in relation to projects funded new facilities should be constructed. The likely by the EBRD or IFC. Applying appropriate standards impact on local communities and the housing to the construction and operation of worker housing market of either option should be assessed. falls within the performance requirements on labour issues expected of clients by both organisations. Before constructing any facilities, other potential impacts should be evaluated. These may include There is a range of different types of workers’ the impact of construction, and the effect of a new accommodation that may be required by various housed labour force on community services, such projects and at different stages within projects, as health, and on community cohesion and safety. including temporary exploration camps, construction These assessments should form part of a project’s camps and permanent dormitories. Specific issues Environmental and Social Impact Assessment. arise in relation to each of these. This note reviews various international, national, private sector and The next step is to consider the standards to be public sector standards and guidance that are applied for the location, arrangement and construction more generally applicable. In some cases clear of any facilities. Issues here include consideration standards or good practice have been identified. of a safe and healthy location, application of In others, we present a range of standards that appropriate construction standards, provision provide some flexibility and adaptability within the of adequate and sanitary living conditions and local context. In these cases, compliance with provision of appropriate leisure and health facilities. at least the minimum standard is expected. There are no universally applicable international Issues for consideration are organised in regulations relating to workers’ accommodation terms of a staged process to be undertaken standards in general. However, there are some in planning, constructing and then operating international standards/guidance on food safety, worker housing facilities. These issues may be water sanitation and waste management that relevant to the direct client or to (sub)contractors should be applied, and national or local building undertaking particular elements of a project, such regulations that must be complied with. as construction or management of facilities. In cases where contractors are used, it is Lastly, when the accommodation has been important to set up appropriate mechanisms and completed, there are issues around its operation and processes (reporting/monitoring) to ensure that management. These include the type of staff who will performance requirements are complied with. manage it, development of appropriate management policies, such as security and grievance procedures, At the initial stage of any project, there is a need and ongoing liaison with local communities. All to assess whether accommodation for workers is such policies should be subject to regular review. 2 IFC/EBRD | Guidance on Workers’ Accommodation
INTRODUCTION and potable water; the location of accommodation in relation to the workplace; any health, fire safety This guidance note looks at the provision of housing or other hazards or disturbances and local facilities; or accommodation for workers by employers the provision of first aid and medical facilities; and the issues that arise from the planning, and heating and ventilation. Workers’ freedom construction and management of such facilities. of movement to and from the employer-provided accommodation shall not be unduly restricted. Generally, workers are housed by their employers in cases where, either the number or the type IFC Performance Standard 2 (PS2) aims to promote of workers required cannot be sourced from or “safe and healthy working conditions, and to protect accommodated within local communities. Thus and promote the health of workers.” Arguably this provision of workers’ accommodation is often covers living conditions as well when these are the associated with the importation of an external responsibility of employers. IFC Guidance Note 2 on workforce into an area. This can occur because Labour and Working Conditions specifically mentions the local labour supply or skills base is inadequate, the potential danger of forced labour when housing because the workers are simply not available due to is provided to workers in lieu of payment or where the remote location of the worksite or the particular inappropriate charges for housing are levied. skills required or because labour requirements can only be satisfied by migrant workers due to In some instances, for example during construction the nature of the work or the working conditions. phases of projects, workers will not be directly engaged by the EBRD’s or IFC’s clients, but by Provision of worker housing may relate to a (sub)contractors. However, both the EBRD and IFC temporary phase of a project (for example an require their clients to ensure that non‑employee exploration or construction camp) or may be more permanent (for example a factory dormitory Box 1 - Construction camp built and or plantation camp). Depending on the type of operated by a Chinese contractor accommodation, there are a range of considerations relating to both the living conditions of the workers This example illustrates the different mechanisms themselves, and to the impact that workers’ housing and processes which can be set up in order to facilities may have on surrounding communities. ensure that workers’ accommodation standards The provision of workers’ accommodation is are being implemented by contractors. a frequent component of large-scale projects funded by institutions such as the EBRD or IFC. Antea, a Greek client of the EBRD and IFC, and a subsidiary of Titan Cement Co, has contracted out This note is aimed at providing practical guidance to the construction of a cement factory in Albania to IFC and EBRD specialists, consultants and clients on a Chinese contractor. The construction involves appropriate policies and standards relating to workers’ bringing in 700 migrant workers and housing accommodation. Both the EBRD and IFC apply them in workers’ accommodation. As part of the environmental and social performance standards in contract with the construction company, Antea has relation to their investments that include provisions on included a Code of Conduct and specific language labour and working conditions. The EBRD has included referring to compliance with national labour law, a specific provision in its Environmental and Social ILO conventions and IFC PS2 and has developed a Policy addressing workers’ accommodation; paragraph supervision and monitoring plan (including safety 16 of Performance Requirement 2 (PR2) stipulates: and labour audits) to ensure the construction company is in compliance with all requirements Where a client provides accommodation for workers, stated in PS2, that living conditions in particular the accommodation shall be appropriate for its comply with the guidance provided by the EBRD/ location and be clean, safe and, at a minimum, IFC and that all conditions enhance a safe and meet the basic needs of workers. In particular, the good working and living environment. Safety provision of accommodation shall meet national training courses and integration of best practices legislation and international good practice in relation, in accident prevention have been instigated, but not restricted, to the following: the practice while solid waste and wastewater generated for charging for accommodation; the provision in the camp is managed in accordance with of minimum amounts of space for each worker; Albanian regulations and IFC/EBRD guidelines. provision of sanitary, laundry and cooking facilities August 2009 3
workers, engaged by contractors or other determining the standards to apply to the location intermediaries to work on a project site to perform of facilities, the construction of housing and work related to the core function of the project, are provision of facilities covered by most of the provisions within PS2 and managing accommodation. PR2, including (in the EBRD’s case) paragraph 16 on workers’ accommodation. To this end, clients There are no comprehensive international regulations should set up mechanisms and processes to ensure relating to workers’ accommodation. However, there that contractors and other intermediaries comply are legal and regulatory instruments and guidance with the EBRD’s/IFC’s standards. This should that relate to particular aspects of the provision of involve including contractual covenants related worker housing.1 This guidance note is based on to workers’ accommodation standards, reviewing a review of these instruments and legislation, as contractor agreements, implementing reporting well as guidelines and best practices produced by a mechanisms and monitoring the implementation range of different private and public sector actions of workers’ accommodation standards. at national and international level. As such, the processes and standards cited often represent a A process approach range of acceptable practice. Those correspond to the Benchmark paragraphs under each section. The There are several stages to the process of addressing particular standard to be applied will depend on issues raised by workers’ accommodation. criteria such as the type of project, location, climate These are: and length of project. In all cases at least the assessing whether housing is needed for the minimum standard included in a given range should project and if so, what sort be applied. However, depending on the particular assessing impacts on local communities and circumstances the minimum standard may not always planning mitigation of potential negative impacts be acceptable, in which case the EBRD/IFC will agree awareness of the national and local regulatory an appropriate higher standard with the client, based framework on the environmental and social due diligence. Figure 1: Workers’ accommodation, assessment and management process
Need assessment Is there a need for workers’ Assess the availability of the local workforce accommodation? Assess the availability of existing housing
Impact assessment What are the expected Determine speci c impacts of the workers’ accommodation construction phase impacts (positive and (including security and involuntary resettlement) negative) on the Assess existing community infrastructures, services and facilities communities? Understand the local business and employment context Give special attention to community health and safety issues and social cohesion Think about the consequences of dismantling and reinstatement
Construction Which accommodation Identify and review the international, national, regional and sectoral regulations which standards are needed? address workers’ accommodation Apply mandatory provisions and use non-binding provisions as guidance Apply at least the minimum requirements set out in this guidance note
Management What management Design management plans covering health and safety, security, workers’ and communities’ rights systems are required? Appoint the right staff or contract the right companies Implement management plans Set up complaint/grievance and con ict resolution mechanisms (for both workers and communities) Review policies
1. See footnotes under Part I, introductory remark 4 IFC/EBRD | Guidance on Workers’ Accommodation
PART I: PLANNING AND ASSESSING REQUIREMENTS FOR WORKERS’ ACCOMMODATION
In considering worker housing, it is important to first for both Plantations and for Safety and Health in be aware of the international, national and local Agriculture, and in the ILO Recommendation 115 on regulatory framework. At a general level, several Workers’ Housing (1961) in particular. Although the international instruments recognise a right to an latter is a non-binding recommendation providing adequate standard of housing for everyone or for guidance on policy, legislation and practice to the specific categories of the population as part of State and to the national authorities in charge respecting human rights.2 To ensure the full realisation of housing in particular, it offers useful guidance of this right, binding instruments generally require on what is expected from employers who provide the State to take appropriate steps and measures. housing to their employees, and it specifies a For workers, the recognition of such a right has been number of housing standards (See Box 2). included in ILO Conventions and Recommendations
Box 2 - ILO Workers’ Housing Recommendation 115
It is generally not desirable for employers to Housing standards should include special provide housing for their workers directly and attention to the following: employers should use alternatives where possible. minimum space allocated per person or per If there are no alternatives, specific attention family (floor area; cubic volume; or size and should be paid to renting arrangements, workers’ number of rooms) rights and housing standards. In addition, the supply of safe water in the workers’ dwelling in possibility of worker-occupants acquiring, for a such quantities as to provide for all personal fair price, ownership of housing provided by the and household uses employer should also be examined. adequate sewage and garbage disposal systems Renting arrangements should be fair. Adequate appropriate protection against heat, cold, and decent housing should not cost the worker damp, noise, fire, and disease-carrying animals, more than a reasonable proportion of their income and, in particular, insects and should never include a speculative profit. adequate sanitary and washing facilities, ventilation, cooking and storage facilities and The employer should be entitled to repossess the natural and artificial lighting accommodation within a reasonable time in the a minimum degree of privacy both between event of termination of the worker’s contract of individual persons within the household and for employment and the worker should be entitled to the members of the household against undue a reasonable period of continued occupancy disturbance by external factors and/or fair compensation when he ceases to the suitable separation of rooms devoted to exercise his employment. living purposes from quarters for animals.
During the time workers spend in the workers’ Where accommodations are provided for accommodation they should enjoy their single workers or workers separated from their fundamental human rights and freedom of families, additional housing standards should be association in particular. Workers’ accommodation considered: arrangements should not restrict workers’ rights a separate bed for each worker and freedoms. separate gender accommodation adequate sanitary conveniences common dining rooms, canteens, rest and recreation rooms and health facilities, where not otherwise available in the community.
2. See for example 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights (Article 25) 1965 Convention on the elimination of all forms of racial discrimination (Article 5) 1966 International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (Article 11.1) 1979 Convention on the elimination of all forms of discrimination against women (Article 14.2) August 2009 5
At a national or regional level, regulations tend to as it will increase the direct and indirect benefits contain only general provisions requiring employers to the community arising from the project. This to provide a decent standard of accommodation approach is strongly supported by the EBRD and to workers. However, in some jurisdictions there IFC. Any national/local requirements to promote local are detailed regulations or standards setting out a employment opportunities must also be taken into comprehensive framework to be applied.3 There may account. It should be noted that even in the absence also be building regulations relating to issues such of such requirements, new recruitment on EBRD/ as sanitation, safety or building materials that must IFC-financed projects must not be discriminatory. be adhered to. Therefore, national regulations and standards are the first place to look when determining Benchmarks the necessary standards for living facilities. However, 1. There has been an assessment of workers’ responsibility for planning and building standards may availability in the neighbouring communities. well lie with regional or local levels of government, so it is important that these local authorities are 2. There has been an assessment of the skills and consulted. Provisions on workers’ accommodation competencies of the local workforce and how those can also be found in policy, guidelines or codes of skills and competencies fit the project needs. practice adopted by a wide variety of actors such as international bodies, industry associations, national, 3. There has been an assessment of opportunities to regional or local authorities.4 Compliance with national train the local workforce to fulfil the project’s needs. and local law is the basic and essential requirement.
Benchmarks B. Availability of existing housing 1. The international/national/local regulatory frameworks on workers’ accommodation have If local workers are unavailable or not sufficiently been reviewed. skilled, the question arises of whether external workers can be accommodated within the existing 2. Identified mandatory provisions on workers’ local housing capacity or whether new facilities accommodation are implemented thoroughly. are needed. In general, the decision to utilise host-community accommodation or to develop on-site accommodation will be based on factors I. Assessing the need for such as whether project development is occurring workers’ accommodation near to larger, established population centres and on the capacity of any nearby communities, Before building and running workers’ quality of housing stock and the capacity of the accommodation, it is important to understand environment to assimilate a new workforce. the local housing and labour markets and the potential effects the building of new facilities If existing capacity is available, in the form, for may have on the surrounding communities. example, of lodging with local families, hotels, hostels or rented housing, the impact on the local A. Availability of workforce communities and housing market should be assessed. Such off-site housing may create a wide range of At the initial scoping phase of a project, it is important economic opportunities such as rental income for to consider whether workers’ accommodation is local people or development of local businesses needed at all. In this respect, it is worth analysing (shops and restaurants for instance), which are the project’s workforce requirements including skills positive project impacts, and may also result in and likely numbers over the project cycle and to improvements to existing housing stock. However, off- assess the capacity of the local population to meet site housing may also be associated with a range of those workforce requirements either from its current adverse social impacts including increased demands base or as a result of training. It is preferable to on infrastructure, services and utilities, development source labour from the local communities as this of illicit trade activities (drugs, prostitution, has many advantages; not only in terms of reducing selling of stolen goods) and inflation in local rent the need for workers’ accommodation, but also and other subsistence items with detrimental
3. See for example: 4. See for example: United States - Occupational Health and Safety Act (Standards 29, paragraph 1910.142) New South Wales, Australia - Accommodation for rural agricultural work, code of practice, 2006 Brazil - Health and safety regulation in the agricultural, livestock farming, forestry and aquaculture Singapore - Code of practice on environmental health, 2005 sectors, 2005 Israel - Guide for Migrant Workers, Housing Malaysia - Workers’ minimum standards of housing and amenities Act, 1990 ILO - Code of Practice, safety and health in forestry work, 1998 South Africa - Basic condition of employment Act, 1997 City of Geraldton-Greenough, Western Australia, Local planning policy - Temporary accommodation New South Wales, Australia - Rural Workers Accommodation Act, 1969 camps, 2006 Western Australia - Construction camp regulations, 1970 Sustainable Agriculture Network Standards, 5.14, 2009. Dubai Municipality - Labour camp specifications (last updated in 2007) 6 IFC/EBRD | Guidance on Workers’ Accommodation
consequences for the local population. If a project II. Assessing impacts of workers’ anticipates that the workforce is to be resident accommodation on communities within the local communities it is good practice to provide financing options for local residents to Where the need to provide new workers’ develop and/or improve hostels for instance. accommodation is identified, it is important to consider how this will impact on the surrounding Conversely, to provide on-site housing opportunities communities. This may be relevant both to minimises workforce-host community interactions the construction phase of the camp (or other and reduces the pressure on existing infrastructures accommodation) and during its operation. Risk and can also pre-empt the development of identification and assessments specific to the various external activities such as prostitution. workers’ accommodation should be undertaken as part of the Environmental and Social Impact In some cases, it may be feasible and beneficial Assessment and any related development of to offer workers or certain categories of an Environmental and Social Action Plan. This workers an option between self-accommodation assessment can also be used to determine whether and company-provided accommodation contact between non-local workforce and local with varying compensation accordingly. communities should be encouraged or minimised.
To avoid or mitigate the most negative impacts, it is important to conduct a comprehensive assessment Box 3 - Singapore National Environment Agency - of the housing market and the likely impact of the Code of Practice on Environmental Health, 2005 various options for workers’ accommodation. For larger projects, this assessment will best be done The following guidelines shall be used at the stage of the Environmental and Social Impact for stand-alone dormitories. Assessment (ESIA). Measures resulting from this If the dormitory does not provide a separate assessment will need to be incorporated in tendering space for cupboards/locker rooms, the minimum and contracting documentation. Furthermore, in room space shall be 4 square metres per person cases where local facilities are utilised, potential (assuming a height of 2.4m). mitigation measures for adverse impacts such as If the dormitory provides a separate space for increased inflationary rates on local costs must be cupboards/locker rooms, the minimum room assessed in the ESIA, and procedures that will be space shall be 3 square metres per person implemented to monitor this must also be presented. (assuming a height of 2.4m). The room shall be adequately ventilated and lit. Benchmarks Adequate number of toilets and sanitary fittings 1. Prior to building any workers’ accommodation, shall be provided (1 toilet, 1 hand wash basin, 1 a comprehensive assessment of the local housing urinal and 1 bathroom with bench per 15 male market has been conducted and the different types workers). of housing available in the surrounding communities Where cooking area is to be provided in have been identified. For larger projects this the dormitories, such provisions shall be in assessment has been conducted at the stage of the accordance with the requirements stipulated project’s Environmental and Social Impact Assessment. under Section 2.4 of the latest edition of Singapore Standard CP 102. 2. There has been an assessment on communities of The above Singapore guidelines are mentioned as the impact of using existing housing opportunities. an example of “soft” regulations only. The standards described above may be inappropriate in different 3. Measures to mitigate adverse impacts on the local environments. Other standards apply in other countries. housing market have been identified and included in the Environmental and Social Action Plan (ESAP) or other relevant action plan. August 2009 7
A. Specific impacts during the D. Local businesses and local employment construction phase Local businesses such as shops, restaurants or The construction of workers’ accommodation and bars are likely to benefit from their proximity to its potential impacts on communities should be workers’ living facilities. However, there may also managed in the same way as for construction of be negative issues that need to be managed such the project itself. Impacts need to be identified as increases in local prices, crime, prostitution or and may include health and safety, disturbance alcohol consumption (see below Part II, section E). issues arising from construction, including traffic (dust, noise and vibration), and involuntary E. Community health and safety resettlement issues (including physical and economical displacement) when the erecting of The presence of a large number of workers, principally workers’ accommodation entails land acquisition. males, can give rise to an increased spread of communicable diseases such as HIV/AIDS in B. Community infrastructure particular and other sexually transmitted diseases. In addition, special attention should be paid to Workers’ influx in the vicinity of a community may risks such as road accidents, and other detrimental strain existing infrastructure, in particular the consequences of increased traffic generated by the water and sanitation, electricity and transport project (dust, noise, and pollution). If the proposed systems. Impacts of the worker facility should project has major-accident hazards associated with be avoided or mitigated, and included within it, emergency response and evacuation plans in the assessment of the overall project. accordance to PS4/PR4 will also need to be in place.
In general, where facilities are developed close to F. Community cohesion local communities it is important to provide adequate transport systems to preserve the right of workers’ The impact of the presence of workers with different freedom of movement if they are not to become lifestyles or cultural backgrounds on the host effectively “trapped”. This should be balanced against community needs to be assessed and managed, in the need to prevent any unecessary disruption of particular issues such as religious or other cultural and/or to the local communities. Therefore it may proscriptions, local traditions and community structure be appropriate to limit worker movements, but any and the relationship between men and women. restriction should be clearly justified by the need to avoid the disruption of local communities, in particular G. Land acquisition and resettlement local communities’ transport infrastructures – and to provide maximum security and safety to both Impacts and mitigation plans relating to land workers and communities (see PART II, Section used for workers’ accommodation facilities E “Workers’ rights, rules and regulations on should be managed in the same way as for the workers’ accommodation”, below at page 21). project as a whole. As far as possible, land acquisition should be avoided or minimised. C. Community services and facilities H. Dismantling and reinstatement Depending on the size of the workers’ accommodation, conditions of engagement (accompanied or Dismantling and reinstatement of workers’ unaccompanied) and the level of services offered accommodation should be taken into account to those workers, it may be necessary to assess at the outset of the project in order to avoid any the impact of workers on local medical, social, unnecessary lasting impacts of the accommodations educational and recreational services and facilities, on the communities (land use for instance). potentially to the detriment of nearby communities. Where possible and appropriate, the facilities It must be ensured that such services and facilities can be handed over to the communities. can meet increased demand. If not, services must be available to the workers on site. 8 IFC/EBRD | Guidance on Workers’ Accommodation
Benchmarks services and facilities have been included in the 1. A community impact assessment has been assessment, including specific attention to emergency carried out as part of the Environmental and Social responses and evacuation plans. Assessment of the overall project with a view to mitigate the negative impacts of the workers’ 4. Impacts of workers’ accommodation on community accommodation on the surrounding communities and local businesses and local employment have been to enhance the positive ones. included in the assessment.
2. The assessment includes potential health and 5. General impacts of workers’ accommodation on safety impacts on the communities - including the health of communities (notably the increased risk disturbances and safety issues caused by traffic of road accidents and the increase of communicable (dust, noise, vibration, road accidents, disease) and diseases) and community social cohesion have been consequences of land acquisition and involuntary included in the assessment. resettlement occurring during the construction phase of the workers’ accommodation. 6. The assessment includes appropriate mitigation measures to address any adverse impacts identified. 3. Positive and negative impacts of workers’ accommodation on community infrastructures,
Table 1: A typology of workers’ accommodation
Category Subcategory/examples Common characteristics Sectors covered Key issues
Rural workers’ Logging camp Permanent or seasonal Forestry Worker access accommodation Off-farm accommodation Remote Agriculture Monitoring difficulties
Plantation housing Worker village Permanent and long term Agriculture Need to provide sustainable livelihoods Off-farm accommodation Families Social infrastructures Living conditions
Construction camp Worker camp Temporary Extractives Enforcement of standards and monitoring difficulties Worker village Migrant workers Utilities Relations with the Mobile worker camp Gender separation Infrastructure communities Manufacturing Living standards Cost
Mine camp Company towns Long term Extractives Relations with communities Dormitories Remote location Remoteness Integrated within Gender separation Living standards existing communities Worker access Commuter (fly-in, fly-out) Long shifts No rest periods
Factory dormitory Permanent Garments/textiles Space Urban Manufacturing – Privacy toys, electronics Internal migrants Living standards Deduction of excessive rent from wages August 2009 9
III. Types of workers’ accommodation of project phases for example, exploration (fly‑in, fly-out camps), construction (temporary There is a large variety of workers’ living facilities. construction camp often with large proportion These may be classified in a number of ways. of migrant workers) and operational (permanent, Table 1 provides one typology. Key criteria may dormitory, possible family accommodation). include whether the facilities are temporary or permanent, their location (remote or non-remote), Depending on the type of project, specific attention size, or economic sector (agriculture, mining, should be given to either providing single workers’ oil and gas, construction, manufacturing). accommodation or family accommodation. As a general rule, the more permanent the housing, The typology above is given as an example the greater considerations should be given to only; other classifications are possible. For enabling workers to live with their families. Such instance, housing may be categorised in terms consideration is important where the workforce is
Box 4 - Best practice on home-ownership
When access to property schemes is proposed including employer support, economies of scale, it is important to guarantee the sustainability of low interest rate and stepped payment options. workers’ investments. To this end, the location of the project and of the workers’ accommodation Affordable housing in a self-sustaining community: and their integration in existing communities An FMO (Netherlands Development Finance are factors to take into consideration. Caution Company) client operating a mine in a remote should be exercised when offering such schemes location intends to manage and develop a well- in remote locations as it might be impossible to planned, secure and independent village for create a sustainable community and to develop approximately 1,000 employees. The FMO client is non-project-related sources of livelihood. expected to provide residents with basic services, including water, electricity and sewerage as well as Affordable housing in a sustainable town: A provider education, health services, sports facilities, shops, of affordable housing in South Africa and a provider green areas and places of worship. In addition, of housing development for the mining sector worked provision has been made for a light industrial and together on a project to move away from mining small business area to support local business hostels and rental villages to providing home- development. The long-term vision is for the Village ownership opportunities to workers. To this end they to grow into a self-sustaining community of over developed a 400-plus unit in a village 20 km from 4,000 houses, which is capable of supporting a the mine with the idea to create an economically variety of small businesses and local enterprises. and socially viable community close to the mine. To support the long-term vision of a self-sustaining A concern was to integrate people within existing village and to provide mine employees with an communities with the necessary social amenities opportunity to build up cash equity (in the form and infrastructures and to put the emphasis on of a house), the FMO client will promote home better housing conditions, home ownership and ownership. In this context, an employee housing affordable housing for mining workers. The success scheme has been designed that allows mine of the project relied on the ability for the service employees in all income categories to acquire title provider to take into account the often difficult to property through mortgage debt all associated financial situation of workers. To overcome over- rights and obligations. Participation in the scheme indebtedness of workers, specific access to property is not a prerequisite for employment. The scheme schemes and programmes have been designed includes several provisions to ensure affordability of home ownership to all mine employees and to protect employees against downside risks. 10 IFC/EBRD | Guidance on Workers’ Accommodation
not sourced locally and in particular where migrant Box 5 - Best practice on migrant workers’ workers are used.5 Provision for families will affect accommodation: Business in the Community - the other facilities necessary and the management Voluntary Code of Practice on Employing Migrant of the accommodation. Best practice includes: Workers/Overseas Staff in Great Britain6
To provide workers and their families individual The Code, which is designed to guide and reinforce family accommodation comprising bedrooms, best practice in relation to the employment of sanitary and cooking facilities with an adequate migrant workers, points out that migrant workers level of privacy allowing families to have a normal will often have to travel long distances and be in family life. need of accommodation when they take up a job. Consequently, the Code suggests the following. To provide nurseries, schools, clinics and recreational facilities for children, or to make sure Employers should assist with travel costs that those services are readily available in the incurred by migrant workers during the surrounding communities and of good quality. recruitment stage and the repayment of these costs should follow a clear process and the Benchmarks money paid back at an agreed affordable rate 1. Consideration has been given to provision of family over a specified time period. The total amount accommodation. repayable should be no more than that lent so that workers are not financially disadvantaged. 2. When arrangements for family accommodations are in place: Employers, where possible, should families are provided with individual support migrant workers in finding suitable accommodation comprising bedroom, sanitary accommodation. Workers should not be required and cooking facilities to stay in accommodation provided by the adequate nursery/school facilities are provided employer but should be free to choose their special attention is paid to providing adequate own if they wish to do so. Where employers do safety for children. provide accommodation, they should ensure that they do not breach the rules relating to the apportionment of wages for payment for accommodation (the accommodation offset Additional issue rules).
In projects located in rural and remote locations, Employers should help to ensure that, where issues around the question of how workers workers obtain their own accommodation, they can travel to their communities/countries of are not being exploited, and offer advice and origin might arise. Alternatively, the possibility help if requested. to create a sustainable community and to bring in the workers’ families might be considered. Employers should ensure that accommodation which is provided is not overcrowded and does not pose a risk to the health and safety of those living there, and that any agreed notice periods are observed.
5. On the increase in the recognition of workers’ rights to family life, the ILO Migrant Workers Convention 6. www.bitc.org.uk/resources/publications/migrant_workers_1.html No 143 calls Member States to take all necessary measures which fall within its competence and collaborate with other Members to facilitate the reunion of the families of all migrant workers legally residing in its territory. In the same way, Art 44-2 of the International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families requires States Parties to take measures that they deem appropriate and that fall within their competence to facilitate the reunion of migrant workers with their spouses […]as well as with their minor dependent unmarried children. August 2009 11
PART II: STANDARDS FOR AND MANAGEMENT OF WORKERS’ ACCOMMODATION
I. Standards for workers’ Benchmark accommodation 1. The relevant national and local regulations have been identified and implemented. This section looks at the principles and standards applicable to the location and construction of workers’ accommodation, including the transport B. General living facilities systems provided, the general living facilities, rooms/dormitories facilities, sanitary facilities, Ensuring good standards in living facilities is important canteen and cooking facilities, food safety, in order to avoid safety hazards and to protect medical facilities and leisure/social facilities. workers from diseases and/or illness resulting from humidity, bad/stagnant water (or lack of water), A. National/local standards cold, spread of fungus, proliferation of insects or rodents, as well as to maintain a good level of The key standards that need to be taken into morale. The location of the facilities is important consideration, as a baseline, are those contained to prevent exposure to wind, fire, flood and other in national/local regulations. Although it is quite natural hazards. It is also important that workers’ unusual to find regulations specifically covering accommodation is unaffected by the environmental workers’ accommodation, there may well be general or operational impacts of the worksite (for example construction standards which will be relevant. noise, emissions or dust) but is sufficiently close These may include the following standards: that workers do not have to spend undue amounts of time travelling from their accommodation to Building construction: for example, quality of the worksite. Living facilities should be built using material, construction methods, resistance to adequate materials and should always be kept in good earthquakes. repair, clean and free from rubbish and other refuse.
Housing and public housing: in some countries Benchmarks regulations for housing and public housing 1. Living facilities are located to avoid flooding and contain requirements on issues such as the basic other natural hazards. amenities, and standards of repair. 2. Where possible, living facilities are located within a General health, safety and security: requirements reasonable distance from the worksite. on health and safety are often an important part of building standards and might include provisions on 3. Transport from the living facilities to worksite is safe occupation density, minimal air volumes, ventilation, and free. the quality of the flooring (slip-resistant) or security against intrusion. 4. The living facilities are built with adequate materials, kept in good repair and kept clean and free from Fire safety: requirements on fire safety are rubbish and other refuse. common and are likely to apply to housing facilities of any type. This can include provision on fire extinguishers, fire alarms, number and size of Drainage staircases and emergency exits, restrictions on the The presence of stagnant water is a factor of use of certain building materials. proliferation of potential disease vectors such as mosquitoes, flies and others, and must be avoided. Electricity, plumbing, water and sanitation: national design and construction standards often include Benchmarks very detailed provisions on electricity or plumbing 1. The building site is adequately drained to avoid the fixtures/fittings, water and sanitation connection/ accumulation of stagnant water. equipment. 12 IFC/EBRD | Guidance on Workers’ Accommodation
Heating, air conditioning, ventilation and light 4. Drinking water quality is regularly monitored. Heating, air-conditioning and ventilation should be appropriate for the climatic conditions and provide workers with a comfortable and healthy Wastewater and solid waste environment to rest and spend their spare time. Wastewater treatment and effluent discharge as well as solid waste treatment and disposal must Benchmarks comply with local or World Bank effluent discharge 1. For facilities located in cold weather zones, the standards9 and be adequately designed to prevent temperature is kept at a level of around 20 degrees contamination of any water body, to ensure hygiene Celsius notwithstanding the need for adequate and to avoid the spread of infections and diseases, ventilation. the proliferation of mosquitoes, flies, rodents, and other pest vectors. Depending on the local context, 2. For facilities located in hot weather zones, adequate treatment and disposal services can be either ventilation and/or air conditioning systems are provided by dedicated or existing municipal facilities. provided. Benchmarks 3. Both natural and artificial lighting are provided and 1. Wastewater, sewage, food and any other waste maintained in living facilities. It is best practice that materials are adequately discharged, in compliance the window area represents not less than 5% to 10% with local or World Bank standards – whichever is more of the floor area. Emergency lighting is provided. stringent – and without causing any significant impacts on camp residents, the biophysical environment or surrounding communities. Water Special attention to water quality and quantity is 2. Specific containers for rubbish collection are absolutely essential. To prevent dehydration, water provided and emptied on a regular basis. Standards poisoning and diseases resulting from lack of range from providing an adequate number of rubbish hygiene, workers should always have easy access containers to providing leak proof, non-absorbent, rust to a source of clean water. An adequate supply and corrosion-resistant containers protected from of potable water must be available in the same insects and rodents. In addition it is best practice buildings where bedrooms or dormitories are provided. to locate rubbish containers 30 metres from each Drinking water must meet local or WHO drinking water shelter on a wooden, metal, or concrete stand. Such standards7 and water quality must be monitored containers must be emptied at regular intervals (to regularly. Depending on the local context, it could be determined based on temperatures and volumes either be produced by dedicated catchment and generated) to avoid unpleasant odours associated with treatment facilities or tapped from existing municipal decaying organic materials. facilities if their capacity and quality are adequate. 3. Pest extermination, vector control and disinfection Benchmarks are carried out throughout the living facilities in 1. Access to an adequate and convenient supply of compliance with local requirements and/or good free potable water is always available to workers. practice. Where warranted, pest and vector monitoring Depending on climate, weather conditions and should be performed on a regular basis. accommodation standards, 80 to 180 litres per person per day are available.
2. Drinking water meets national/local or WHO drinking water standards.8
3. All tanks used for the storage of drinking water are constructed and covered as to prevent water stored therein from becoming polluted or contaminated.
7. www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/dwq/en/ 9. As per the “Pollution Prevention and Abatement Handbook”, World Bank Group, July 1998, available 8. ibid from www.worldbank.org August 2009 13
C. Room/dormitory facilities Additional issue
The standards of the rooms or dormitory facilities Irrespective of whether workers are are important to allow workers to rest properly and supposed to keep their facilities clean, it to maintain good standards of hygiene. Overcrowding is the responsibility of the accommodation should be avoided particularly. This also has an manager to ensure that rooms/dormitories impact on workers’ productivity and reduces work- and sanitary facilities are in good condition. related accidents. It is generally acknowledged that rooms/dormitories should be kept clean and in a good condition. Exposure to noise and odour Bed arrangements and storage facilities should be minimised. In addition, room/dormitory The provision of an adequate numbers of beds of design and equipment should strive to offer workers an appropriate size is essential to provide workers a maximum of privacy. Resorting to dormitories with decent, safe and hygienic conditions to rest should be minimised and single or double rooms are and sleep. Here again, particular attention should preferred. Dormitories and rooms must be single-sex. be paid to privacy. Consideration should be given to local customs so beds could be replaced by Benchmarks hammocks or sleeping mats for instance. 1. Rooms/dormitories are kept in good condition. Benchmarks 2. Rooms/dormitories are aired and cleaned at regular 1. A separate bed for each worker is provided. The intervals. practice of “hot-bedding” should be avoided.
3. Rooms/dormitories are built with easily cleanable 2. There is a minimum space between beds of 1 metre. flooring material. 3. Double deck bunks are not advisable for fire safety 4. Sanitary facilities are located within the same and hygiene reasons, and their use is minimised. buildings and provided separately for men and women. Where they are used, there must be enough clear space between the lower and upper bunk of the bed. 5. Density standards are expressed either in terms of Standards range from to 0.7 to 1.10 metres. minimal volume per resident or of minimal floor space. Usual standards range from 10 to 12.5 cubic metres 4. Triple deck bunks are prohibited. (volume) or 4 to 5.5 square metres (surface). 5. Each worker is provided with a comfortable mattress, 6. A minimum ceiling height of 2.10 metres is provided. pillow, cover and clean bedding.
7. In collective rooms, which are minimised, in order to 6. Bed linen is washed frequently and applied with provide workers with some privacy, only a reasonable repellents and disinfectants where conditions warrant number of workers are allowed to share the same (malaria). room. Standards range from 2 to 8 workers. 7. Facilities for the storage of personal belongings for 8. All doors and windows should be lockable, and workers are provided. Standards vary from providing provided with mosquito screens where conditions an individual cupboard for each worker to providing warrant. 475‑litre big lockers and 1 metre of shelf unit.
9. There should be mobile partitions or curtains to 8. Separate storage for work boots and other personal ensure privacy. protection equipment, as well as drying/airing areas may need to be provided depending on conditions. 10. Every resident is provided with adequate furniture such as a table, a chair, a mirror and a bedside light.
11. Separate sleeping areas are provided for men and women, except in family accommodation. 14 IFC/EBRD | Guidance on Workers’ Accommodation
D. Sanitary and toilet facilities Showers/bathrooms and other sanitary facilities Hand wash basins and showers should be provided in It is essential to allow workers to maintain a good conjunction with rooms/dormitories. These facilities standard of personal hygiene but also to prevent must be kept in good working condition and cleaned contamination and the spread of diseases which frequently. The flooring for shower facilities should result from inadequate sanitary facilities. Sanitary be of hard washable materials, damp-proof and and toilet facilities will always include all of the properly drained. Adequate space must be provided following: toilets, urinals, washbasins and showers. for hanging, drying and airing clothes. Suitable light, Sanitary and toilet facilities should be kept in a clean ventilation and soap should be provided. Lastly, hand and fully working condition. Facilities should also be washing, shower and other sanitary facilities should constructed of materials that are easily cleanable and be located within a reasonable distance from other ensure privacy. Sanitary and toilet facilities are never facilities and from sleeping facilities in particular. shared between male and female residents, except in family accommodation. Where necessary, specific Benchmarks additional sanitary facilities are provided for women. 1. Shower/bathroom flooring is made of anti-slip hard washable materials. Benchmarks 1. Sanitary and toilet facilities are constructed of 2. An adequate number of handwash facilities is materials that are easily cleanable. provided to workers. Standards range from 1 unit to each 15 persons to 1 unit per 6 workers. Handwash 2. Sanitary and toilet facilities are cleaned frequently facilities should consist of a tap and a basin, soap and and kept in working condition. hygienic means of drying hands.
3. Sanitary and toilet facilities are designed to provide 3. An adequate number of shower/bathroom facilities workers with adequate privacy, including ceiling to floor is provided to workers. Standards range from 1 unit to partitions and lockable doors. 15 persons to 1 unit per 6 persons.
4. Sanitary and toilet facilities are not shared between 4. Showers/bathrooms are conveniently located. men and women, except in family accommodation. 5. Shower/bathroom facilities are provided with an adequate supply of cold and hot running water. Toilet facilities Toilet arrangements are essential to avoid any contamination and prevent the spread of E. Canteen, cooking and laundry facilities infectious disease. Good standards of hygiene in canteen/dining halls Benchmarks and cooking facilities are crucial. Adequate canteen, 1. An adequate number of toilets is provided to cooking and laundry facilities and equipments should workers. Standards range from 1 unit to 15 persons to also be provided. When caterers are contracted to 1 unit per 6 persons. For urinals, usual standards are 1 manage kitchens and canteens, special attention unit to 15 persons. should be paid to ensure that contractors take into account and implement the benchmarks below, and 2. Toilet facilities are conveniently located and easily that adequate reporting and monitoring mechanisms accessible. Standards range from 30 to 60 metres are in place. When workers can individually cook their from rooms/dormitories. Toilet rooms shall be located meals, they should be provided with a space separate so as to be accessible without any individual passing from the sleeping areas. Facilities must be kept in through any sleeping room. In addition, all toilet rooms a clean and sanitary condition. In addition, canteen, should be well-lit, have good ventilation or external kitchen, cooking and laundry floors, ceilings and windows, have sufficient hand wash basins and walls should be made of easily cleanable materials. be conveniently located. Toilets and other sanitary facilities should be (“must be” in cold climates) in the same building as rooms and dormitories. August 2009 15
Benchmarks Benchmarks 1. Canteen, cooking and laundry facilities are built in 1. Canteens have a reasonable amount of space per adequate and easy to clean materials. worker. Standards range from 1 square metre to 1.5 square metres. 2. Canteen, cooking and laundry facilities are kept in a clean and sanitary condition. 2. Canteens are adequately furnished. Standards range from providing tables, benches, individual 3. If workers can cook their own meals, kitchen space drinking cups and plates to providing special drinking is provided separate from sleeping areas. fountains.
3. Places for food preparation are designed to permit Laundry facilities good food hygiene practices, including protection Providing facilities for workers to wash both against contamination between and during food work and non-work related clothes is essential preparation. for personal hygiene. The alternative is for the employer to provide a free laundry service. 4. Kitchens are provided with facilities to maintain adequate personal hygiene including a sufficient Benchmarks number of washbasins designated for cleaning hands 1. Adequate facilities for washing and drying clothes with clean, running water and materials for hygienic are provided. Standards range from providing sinks or drying. tubs with hot and cold water, cleaning soap and drying lines to providing washing machines and dryers. 5. Wall surfaces adjacent to cooking areas are made of fire-resistant materials. Food preparation tables 2. When work clothes are used in contact with are also equipped with a smooth durable washable dangerous substance (for example, application surface. Lastly, in order to enable easy cleaning, it is of pesticide), special laundry facilities (washing good practice that stoves are not sealed against a machines) should be provided. wall, benches and fixtures are not built into the floor, and all cupboards and other fixtures and all walls and Additional issue ceilings have a smooth durable washable surface.
When workers are provided with facilities allowing 6. All kitchen floors, ceiling and wall surfaces adjacent them to individually do their laundry or cooking, to or above food preparation and cooking areas are it should be the responsibility of each worker built using durable, non-absorbent, easily cleanable, to keep the facilities in a clean and sanitary non-toxic materials. condition. Nonetheless, it is the responsibility of the accomodation manager to make sure 7. Wall surfaces adjacent to cooking areas are made the standards are respected and to provide of fire-resistant materials. Food preparation tables an adequate cleaning, disinfection and pest/ are equipped with a smooth, durable, easily cleanable, vector control service when necessary. non-corrosive surface made of non-toxic materials. Lastly, in order to enable easy cleaning, it is good practice that stoves are not sealed against a wall, Additional issue benches and fixtures are not built into the floor, and all cupboards and other fixtures have a smooth, durable When the employer provides family accommodation, and washable surface. it is best practice to provide each family with a private kitchen or the necessary cooking equipment 8. Adequate facilities for cleaning, disinfecting and to allow the family to cook on their own. storage of cooking utensils and equipment are provided.
Canteen and cooking facilities 9. Food waste and other refuse are to be adequately Canteen and cooking facilities should provide deposited in sealable containers and removed from sufficient space for preparing food and eating, as the kitchen frequently to avoid accumulation. well as conform to hygiene and safety requirements. 16 IFC/EBRD | Guidance on Workers’ Accommodation
F. Standards for nutrition and food safety Benchmarks 1. The WHO 5 keys to safer food or an equivalent When cooking for a number of workers, hygiene process is implemented (see Box 6 below). and food safety are absolutely critical. In addition to providing safe food, providing nutritious 2. Food provided to workers contains an appropriate food is important as it has a very direct impact level of nutritional value and takes into account on workers’ productivity and well-being. An religious/cultural backgrounds; different choices of ILO study demonstrates that good nutrition at food are served if workers have different cultural/ work leads to gains in productivity and worker religious backgrounds. morale, prevention of accidents and premature deaths and reductions in health care costs.10 3. Food is prepared by cooks. It is also best practice that meals are planned by a trained nutritionist.
Box 6 - Five keys to safer food Keep clean Wash your hands before handling food and While most micro organisms do not cause disease, often during food preparation. dangerous micro organisms are widely found in soil, Wash your hands after going to the toilet. water, animals and people. These micro organisms are carried on hands, wiping cloths and utensils, especially Wash and sanitise all surfaces and equipment cutting boards and the slightest contact can transfer used for food preparation. them to food and cause food borne diseases. Protect kitchen areas and food from insects, pests and other animals.
Separate raw and cooked Separate raw meat, poultry and seafood from other foods. Raw food, especially meat, poultry and seafood, Use separate equipment and utensils such as knives and their juices, can contain dangerous micro and cutting boards for handling raw foods. organisms which may be transferred onto other foods during food preparation and storage. Store food in containers to avoid contact between raw and prepared foods.
Cook thoroughly Cook food thoroughly, especially meat, poultry, eggs and seafood. Proper cooking kills almost all dangerous micro organisms. Bring foods like soups and stews to boiling to make sure that Studies have shown that cooking food to a temperature they have reached 70°C. For meat and poultry, make sure of 70°C can help ensure it is safe for consumption. Foods that juices are clear, not pink. Ideally, use a thermometer. that require special attention include minced meats, rolled roasts, large joints of meat and whole poultry. Reheat cooked food thoroughly.
Keep food at safe temperatures Do not leave cooked food at room Micro organisms can multiply very quickly if food is stored at temperature for more than 2 hours. room temperature. By holding at temperatures below 5°C or Refrigerate promptly all cooked and perishable above 60°C, the growth of micro organisms is slowed down or food (preferably below 5°C). stopped. Some dangerous micro organisms still grow below 5°C. Keep cooked food piping hot (more than 60°C) prior to serving. Do not store food too long even in the refrigerator. Do not thaw frozen food at room temperature.
Use safe water and raw materials Use safe water or treat it to make it safe. Raw materials, including water and ice, may be Select fresh and wholesome foods. contaminated with dangerous micro organisms and chemicals. Toxic chemicals may be formed in damaged Choose foods processed for safety, such as pasteurised milk. and mouldy foods. Take care in selection of raw materials Wash fruits and vegetables, especially if eaten raw. and implement simple measures such as washing. Do not use food beyond its expiry date.
Source: World Health Organization, Food Safety www.who.int/foodsafety/publications/consumer/en/5keys_en.pdf
10. C. Wanjek (2005), “Food at Work – Workplace solutions for malnutrition, obesity and chronic disease”, International Labour Organization, Geneva. August 2009 17
G. Medical facilities Box 7 - UK/HSE First Aid facilities
Access to adequate medical facilities is important What should be in a first aid kit? to maintain workers’ health and to provide adequate responses in case of health emergency situations. There is no standard list and it very The availability or level of medical facilities provided much depends on the assessment of in workers’ accommodation is likely to depend on the needs in a particular workplace: the number of workers living on site, the medical a leaflet giving general guidance on first aid, facilities already existing in the neighbouring for example HSE leaflet Basic advice on first communities and the availability of transport. aid at work However, first aid must always be available on site. individually wrapped sterile adhesive dressings (assorted sizes) First aid facilities two sterile eye pads Providing adequate first aid training and four individually wrapped triangular bandages facilities can save lives and prevent minor (preferably sterile) injuries becoming major ones. six safety pins six medium-sized (approximately 12 cm x 12 cm) Other medical facilities individually wrapped sterile unmedicated wound Depending on the number of workers living on dressings site and the medical services offered in the two large (approximately 18 cm x 18 cm) sterile surrounding communities, it is important to individually wrapped unmedicated wound provide workers with additional medical facilities. dressings Special facilities for sick workers and medical one pair of disposable gloves. services such as dental care, surgery, a dedicated emergency room can, for instance, be provided. What should be kept in the first aid room?
Benchmarks The room should contain essential first aid facilities 1. A number of first aid kits adequate to the number of and equipment. Typical examples of these are: residents are available. a sink with hot and cold running water drinking water and disposable cups 2. First aid kits are adequately stocked. Where soap and paper towels possible a 24/7 first aid service/facility is available. a store for first aid materials foot-operated refuse containers, lined with 3. An adequate number of staff/workers is trained to disposable yellow clinical waste bags or a provide first aid. container for the safe disposal of clinical waste a couch with waterproof protection, clean pillows 4. Where possible and depending on the medical and blankets infrastructures existing in the community, other a chair medical facilities are provided (nurse rooms, dental a telephone or other communication equipment care, minor surgery). a record book for recording incidents where first aid has been given. Source: UK Health and Safety Executive 18 IFC/EBRD | Guidance on Workers’ Accommodation
H. Leisure, social and Box 8 - Examples of social/leisure facilities telecommunication facilities In Qatar there is a newly built 170-hectare complex Basic leisure and social facilities are important for which accommodates contractors and more workers to rest and also to socialise during their than 35,000 workers for a project run by a major free time. This is particularly true where workers’ oil company. At the heart of this complex, the accommodation is located in remote areas far from recreation area includes extensive sport facilities, any communities. Where workers’ accommodation is a safety-training centre, an outdoor cinema and located in the vicinity of a village or a town, existing a park. The purpose of those facilities goes leisure or social facilities can be used so long as beyond providing adequate accommodation to this does not cause disruption to the access and the large numbers of contractors and workers enjoyment of local community members. But in any on this project but is designed to provide the case, social spaces should also be provided on same level of services as a small town. The site. Exercise and recreational facilities will increase accommodation complex has a mayor, as well as workers’ welfare and reduce the impact of the a dedicated welfare team which is responsible presence of workers in the surrounding communities. for the workers’ welfare, cultural festivals and In addition it is also important to provide workers with also acts as the community’s advocates. adequate means to communicate with the outside world, especially when workers’ accommodation is located in a remote location or where workers II. Managing workers’ accommodation live on site without their family or are migrants. Consideration of cultural attitudes is important. Once the living facilities have been constructed Provision of space for religious observance needs to and are operational, effective ongoing management be considered, taking account of the local context of living facilities is essential. This encompasses and potential conflicts in certain situations. issues such as the physical maintenance of buildings, security and consultation with Benchmarks residents and neighbouring communities in 1. Basic collective social/rest spaces are provided to order to ensure the implementation of the workers. Standards range from providing workers multi- housing standards in the long term. purpose halls to providing designated areas for radio, TV, cinema. A. Management and staff
2. Recreational facilities are provided. Standards range Worker camps and housing facilities should have a from providing exercise equipment to providing a library, written management plan, including management swimming pool, tennis courts, table tennis, educational policies or plans on health and safety, security, facilities. living conditions, workers’ rights and representation, relationships with the communities and grievance 3. Workers are provided with dedicated places for processes. Part of those policies and plans can religious observance if the context warrants. take the form of codes of conduct. The quality of the staff managing and maintaining the accommodation 4. Workers have access to public phones at affordable/ facilities will have a decisive impact on the level public prices (that is, not inflated). of standards which are implemented and the well- being of workers (for instance on the food safety or 5. Internet facilities can also be provided, particularly overall hygiene standards). It is therefore important where large numbers of expatriates/Third Country to ensure that managers are competent and other Nationals (TCNs) are accommodated. workers are adequately skilled. The manager will be responsible for overseeing staff, for ensuring the implementation of the accommodation standards and for the implementation of the management plans. It is important the accommodation manager has the corresponding authority to do so. August 2009 19
If the facility is being managed by a contractor, Benchmarks as is often the case, the expected housing and 1. When fees are charged, workers are provided with management standards should be specified in the clear information and a detailed description of all relevant contract, and mechanisms to ensure that payments made such as rent, deposit and other fees. those standards are implemented should be set up. As part of this process, the accommodation manager 2. When company housing is considered to be part (or contractor) should have a duty to monitor the of workers’ wages, it is best practice that workers application of the accommodation standards and to are provided with an employment contract clearly report frequently on their implementation to the client. specifying housing arrangements and regulations, in particular rules concerning payments and fees, Benchmarks facilities and services offered and rules of notice. 1. There are management plans and policies especially in the field of health and safety (with emergency 3. When fees are charged, the renting arrangements responses), security, workers’ rights, relationships with are fair and do not cost the worker more than a small the communities. proportion of income and never include a speculative profit. 2. An appointed person with the adequate background and experience is in charge of managing the workers’ 4. Food and other services are free or are reasonably accommodation. priced, never above the local market price.
3. If contractors are being used, there are clear 5. The provision of accommodation or other services contractual management responsibilities and by employers as a payment for work is prohibited. monitoring and reporting requirements. Additional issue 4. Depending on the size of the accommodation, there is a sufficient number of staff in charge of cleaning, To avoid that fair renting arrangements turn into cooking and of general maintenance. unfair ones, any deposit of advance should be set at a reasonable level and it is best practice that 5. Such staff are recruited from the local communities. renting prices include a fixed fee covering the water needed and the use of the energy required to the 6. Staff have received basic health and safety training. functioning of the heating/cooling/ventilation/ cooking systems. However, in such cases it might 7. Persons in charge of the kitchen are trained in be necessary to raise workers’ awareness to ensure nutrition and food-handling and adequately supervised. that workers will use the facilities responsibly, particularly in areas where water is scarce.
B. Charging fees for accommodation and services C. Health and safety on site Charging fees for the accommodation or the services provided to workers such as food or The company or body in charge of managing the transport should be avoided where workers do not workers’ accommodation should have the prime have the choice to live or eat anywhere else, or if responsibility for ensuring workers’ physical well- deemed unavoidable, should take into account the being and integrity. This involves making sure that specific nature of workers’ accommodation. Any the facilities are kept in good condition (ensuring that charges should be transparent, discussed during sanitary standards or fire regulations are respected recruitment and specified in workers’ contracts. for instance) and that adequate health and safety Any such charges should still leave workers with plans and standards are designed and implemented. sufficient income and should never lead to a worker becoming indebted to an employer. 20 IFC/EBRD | Guidance on Workers’ Accommodation
Benchmarks carefully designed. To implement those plans, it 1. Health and safety management plans including may be necessary to contract security services electrical, mechanical, structural and food safety have or to recruit one or several staff whose main been carefully designed and are implemented. responsibility is to provide security to safeguard workers and property. Before making any security 2. The person in charge of managing the arrangements, it is necessary to assess the risks accommodation has a specific duty to report to the of such arrangements to those within and outside health authorities the outbreak of any contagious the workers’ accommodation and to respect best diseases, food poisoning and other important international practices, including IFC PS4 and EBRD casualties. PR4 and applicable law.11 Particular attention should be paid to the safety and security of women workers. 3. An adequate number of staff/workers is trained to provide first aid. Benchmarks 1. A security plan including clear measures to protect 4. A specific fire safety plan is prepared, including workers against theft and attack is implemented. training of fire wardens, periodic testing and monitoring of fire safety equipment and periodic drills. 2. A security plan including clear policies on the use of force has been carefully designed and is implemented. 5. Guidance on the detrimental effects of the abuse of alcohol and drugs and other potentially harmful 3. Security staff have been checked to ensure that substances and the risk and concerns relating to they have not been implicated in any previous crimes HIV/AIDS and of other health risk-related activities is or abuses. Where appropriate, security staff from both provided to workers. It is best practice to develop a genders are recruited. clear policy on this issue. 4. Security staff have a clear mandate and have 6. Workers have access to adequate preventive received clear instruction about their duties and measures such as contraception (condoms in responsibilities, in particular their duties not to harass, particular) and mosquito nets. intimidate, discipline or discriminate against workers.
7. Workers have easy access to medical facilities and 5. Security staff have received adequate training in medical staff. Where possible, female doctors/nurses dealing with domestic violence and the use of force. should be available for female workers. 6. Security staff have a good understanding about the 8. Emergency plans on health and fire safety are importance of respecting workers’ rights and the rights prepared. Depending on the local context, additional of the communities. emergency plans are prepared as needed to handle specific occurrences (earthquakes, floods, tornadoes). 7. Body searches are only allowed in specific circumstances and are performed by specially trained security staff using the least-intrusive means possible. D. Security of workers’ accommodation Pat down searches on female workers can only be performed by female security staff. Ensuring the security of workers and their property on the accommodation site is of key importance. To 8. Security staff adopt an appropriate conduct towards this end, a security plan must be carefully designed workers and communities. including appropriate measures to protect workers against theft and attacks. Policies regarding the 9. Workers and members of the surrounding use of force (force can only be used for preventive communities have specific means to raise concerns and defensive purposes in proportion to the about security arrangement and staff. nature and the extent of the threat) should also be
11. See for instance the Voluntary Principles on Security and Human Rights. www.voluntaryprinciples.org/principles August 2009 21
E. Workers’ rights, rules and regulations Benchmarks on workers’ accommodation 1. Restriction of workers’ freedom of movement to and from the site is limited and duly justified. It is Freedoms and human rights of workers should be good practice to provide workers 24/7 access to recognised and respected within their living quarters the accommodation site. Any restrictions based on just as within the working environment. House security reasons should be balanced by the necessity rules and regulations should be reasonable and to respect workers’ freedom of movement. non discriminatory. It is best practice that workers’ representatives are consulted about those rules. 2. Where possible, an adequate transport system House rules and regulations should not prevent to surrounding communities is provided. It is good workers from exercising their basic rights. In particular, practice to provide workers with free transportation to workers’ freedom of movement needs to be preserved and from local communities. if they are not to become effectively “trapped”. To this end it is good practice to provide workers with 3. Withholding workers’ ID papers is prohibited. 24/7 access to the accommodation and free transport services to and from the surrounding communities. 4. Freedom of association is expressly respected. Any restriction to this freedom of movement should Provisions restricting workers’ rights on site should be limited and duly justified. Penalties for breaking take into account the direct and indirect effect on the rules should be proportional and implemented workers’ freedom of association. It is best practice to through a proper procedure allowing workers to defend provide trade union representatives access to workers themselves and to challenge the decision taken. in the accommodation site. The relationship between continuing employment and compliance with the rules of the workers’ 5. Workers’ gender and religious, cultural and social accommodation should be clear and particular backgrounds are respected. In particular, workers attention should be paid to ensure that housing should be provided with the possibility of celebrating rules do not create indirect limitation of the right to religious holidays and observances. freedom of association. Best practice might include a code of conduct relating to the accommodation to 6. Workers are made aware of their rights and be signed together with the contract of employment. obligations and are provided with a copy of the internal workers’ accommodation rules, procedures and sanction mechanisms in a language or through a Box 9 - Dole housing plantation media which they understand. regulation in Costa Rica 7. Housing regulations, including those relating to In every plantation there is an internal allocation of housing, should be non-discriminatory. accommodation regulation that every worker is Any justifiable discriminatory rules – for example required to sign together with his/her employment all-male dormitories – should be strictly limited to contract. That document describes the behaviour the rules which are necessary to ensure the smooth which is expected from workers at all times and running of the worker camp and to maintain a good basic rules such as the prohibition of alcohol relationship with the surrounding communities. and the interdiction to make noise after a certain time at night. In case there is any problem 8. Where possible, visitor access should be allowed. concerning the application of those internal rules, a set of disciplinary procedures which have been 9. Decisions should be made on whether to prohibit designed with the workers’ representatives can alcohol, tobacco and third party access or not from be enforced. Workers are absolutely free to enter the camp and the relevant rules should be clearly or leave the site and do not have any restrictions communicated to all residents and workers. in relation to accessing their living quarters. Families are not allowed in the living quarters 10. A fair and non-discriminatory procedure exists unless they have been registered for a visit. to implement disciplinary procedures including the right of workers to defend themselves (see also next section). 22 IFC/EBRD | Guidance on Workers’ Accommodation
F. Consultation and grievance mechanisms G. Management of community relations
All residents should be made aware of any rules Workers’ living facilities have various ongoing governing the accommodation and the consequences impacts on adjacent communities. In order to of breaking such rules. Processes that allow manage these, it is good practice to design a for consultation between site management and thorough community relations management plan. the resident workers will assist in the smooth This plan will contain the processes to implement running of an accommodation site. These may the findings of the preliminary community impact include a dormitory or camp committee as well assessment and to identify, manage, mitigate as formal processes that allow workers to lodge or enhance ongoing impacts of the workers’ any grievances about their accommodation. accommodation on the surrounding communities. Issues to be taken into consideration include: Benchmarks community development – impact of workers’ camp 1. Mechanisms for workers’ consultation have been on local employment, possibility of enhancing local designed and implemented. It is best practice to set employment and income generation through local up a review committee which includes representatives sourcing of goods and services elected by workers. community needs – ways to identify and address community needs related to the arrival of specific 2. Processes and mechanisms for workers to infrastructures such as telecommunications, water articulate their grievances are provided to workers. sanitation, roads, health care, education, housing Such mechanisms are in accordance with PS2/PR2. community health and safety – addressing and reducing the risk in the increase in communicable 3. Workers subjected to disciplinary proceedings diseases, corruption, trade in illegal substances arising from behaviour in the accommodation should such as drugs, alcohol (in the Muslim context), have access to a fair and transparent hearing with petty crimes and other sorts of violence, road the possibility to contest decisions and refer the accidents dispute to independent arbitration or relevant public community social and cultural cohesion – ways authorities. to mitigate the impact of the presence of large numbers of foreign workers, often males, with 4. In case conflicts between workers themselves or different cultural and religious background, ways to between workers and staff break out, workers have the mitigate the possible shift in social, economic and possibility of easily accessing a fair conflict resolution political structures due to changes in access to mechanism. income generation opportunities.
5. In cases where more serious offences occur, Benchmarks including serious physical or mental abuse, there are 1. Community relations plans addressing issues mechanisms to ensure full cooperation with the police around community development, community needs, authority (where adequate). community health and safety and community social and cultural cohesion have been designed and implemented. Additional issue 2. Community relations plans include the setting up Alcohol is a complex issue and requires a very of a liaison mechanism allowing a constant exchange clear policy from the workers’ accommodation of information and consultation with the local management. If a non-alcohol policy is communities in order to identify and respond quickly to taken, special attention should be paid any problems and maintain good working relationships. to clearly communicate the interdiction, how it applies and the consequences for 3. A senior manager is in charge of implementing the breaching this rule. Special attention should community relations management plan and liaising also be paid to enforce it adequately. with the community. August 2009 23
4. The impacts of workers’ accommodation on local communities are periodically reviewed, mitigated or enhanced.
5. Community representatives are provided with an easy means to voice their opinions and to lodge complaints.
6. There is a transparent and efficient process for dealing with community grievances, in accordance with PS1/PR10.
Box 10 - Examples of community relations management Community consultation in the Baku- Tbilisi-Ceyhan (BTC) pipeline
The BTC pipeline’s Environment and Social Management Plans incorporated a Worker Camp Management Plan to be implemented by the construction contractor. As part of ongoing community liaison over the project as a whole, community liaison officers were appointed for worker camps who were responsible for meeting regularly with communities, identifying issues and addressing community concerns. A particular responsibility was to review HR records and disciplinary logs at worker camps to assess that rules were being implemented effectively and that any community liaison after any incidents was effective. 24 IFC/EBRD | Guidance on Workers’ Accommodation August 2009 25 Comments N/A N Y
ANNEX I: CHECKLIST ON WORKERS’ ACCOMMODATION ANNEX WORKERS’ ON CHECKLIST I: framework regulatory General Have the international/national/local regulatory frameworks been reviewed? Are mandatory provisions on workers’ accommodation identified? accommodation Assessing workers’ for need the Availability of the workforce Has there been an assessment of workers’ availability in the neighbouring communities? Has there been an assessment of the skills and competencies of the local workforce and how do those skills and competencies fit the project’s need? Has there been an assessment of the possibility of training a local workforce in order to fulfil the project’s needs? Availability of housing Has there been a comprehensive assessment of the different type of housing available in the surrounding communities prior to building any workers’ accommodation? For a larger project: is that assessment included in the Environmental and Social Impact Assessment? Has there been an assessment of the impact on the communities of using existing housing opportunities? Have measures to mitigate adverse impacts on the local housing market been identified and included in the Environmental and Social Action Plan(ESAP) or other relevant action plan? 24 IFC/EBRD | Guidance on Workers’ Accommodation August 2009 25 Comments N/A N Y Assessing impacts of workers’ accommodation on communities on accommodation Assessing workers’ impacts of Has a community impact assessment been carried out as part of the Environmental and Social Assessment of the overall project with a view to mitigate the negative impacts of the workers’ accommodation on the surrounding communities and to enhance the positive ones? Have the potential health and safety impacts and consequences of land acquisition and involuntary resettlement occurring during the construction phase of the workers’ accommodation been included in the assessment? Have the impacts of workers’ accommodation on community infrastructures, services and facilities been included in the assessment? Have the impacts on local community’s businesses and local employment been included in the assessment? Have general impacts of workers’ accommodation on communities’ health, (notably the increased risk of road accidents and of communicable diseases), and community social cohesion been included in the assessment? Does the assessment include appropriate mitigation measures to address any adverse impacts identified? accommodation workers’ of Types Has consideration been given to provision of family accommodation? Are individual accommodations comprising bedrooms, sanitary and cooking facilities provided as part of the family accommodation? Are adequate nursery/school facilities provided? Is special attention paid to providing adequate safety for children? 26 IFC/EBRD | Guidance on Workers’ Accommodation August 2009 27 Comments N/A N Y
Standards for workers’ accommodation workers’ for Standards National/local standards Have the relevant national/local regulations been identified and implemented? General living facilities Is the location of the facilities designed to avoid flooding or other natural hazards? Are the living facilities located within a reasonable distance from the worksite? Is transport provided to worksite safe and free? Are the living facilities built using adequate materials, kept in good repair and kept clean and free from rubbish and other refuse? Drainage Is the site adequately drained? Heating, conditioning, air and light ventilation Depending on climate are living facilities provided with adequate heating, ventilation, air conditioning and light systems including emergency lighting? Water Do workers have easy access to a supply of clean/ potable water in adequate quantities? Does the quality of the water comply with national/local requirements or WHO standards? Are tanks used for the storage of drinking water constructed and covered to prevent water stored therein from becoming polluted or contaminated? Is the quality of the drinking water regularly monitored? 26 IFC/EBRD | Guidance on Workers’ Accommodation August 2009 27 Comments N/A N Y
Wastewater and solidWastewater waste Are wastewater, sewage, food and any other waste materials adequately discharged in compliance with local or World Bank standards and without causing any significant impacts on camp residents, the environment or surrounding communities? Are specific containers for rubbish collection provided and emptied on a regular basis? Are pest extermination, vector control and disinfection undertaken throughout the living facilities? facilitiesRooms/dormitories Are the rooms/dormitories kept in good condition? Are the rooms/dormitories aired and cleaned at regular intervals? Are the rooms/dormitories built with easily cleanable flooring material? Are the rooms/dormitories and sanitary facilities located in the same buildings? Are residents provided with enough space? Is the ceiling height high enough? Is the number of workers sharing the same room/dormitory minimised? Are the doors and windows lockable and provided with mosquito screens when necessary? Are mobile partitions or curtains provided? Is suitable furniture such as table, mirror, chair, bedside light provided for every worker? Are separate sleeping areas provided for men and women? 28 IFC/EBRD | Guidance on Workers’ Accommodation August 2009 29 Comments N/A N Y
Bed arrangements and storage facilities Is there a separate bed provided for every worker? Is the practice of “hot-bedding” prohibited? Is there a minimum space of 1 metre between beds? Is the use of double deck bunks minimised? When double deck bunks are in use, is there enough clear space between the lower and upper bunk of the bed? Are triple deck bunks prohibited? Are workers provided with comfortable mattresses, pillows and clean bed linens? Are the bed linen washed frequently and applied with adequate repellents and disinfectants (where conditions warrant)? Are adequate facilities for the storage of personal belongings provided? Are there separate storages for work clothes and PPE and depending on condition, drying/airing areas? Sanitary and toilet facilities Are sanitary and toilet facilities constructed from materials that are easily cleanable? Are sanitary and toilet facilities cleaned frequently and kept in working condition? Are toilets, showers/bathrooms and other sanitary facilities designed to provide workers with adequate privacy including ceiling to floor partitions and lockable doors? Are separate sanitary and toilet facilities provided for men and women? 28 IFC/EBRD | Guidance on Workers’ Accommodation August 2009 29 Comments N/A N Y
Toilet facilities Toilet Is there an adequate number of toilets and urinals? Are toilet facilities conveniently located and easily accessible? Showers/bathrooms and other sanitary facilities Is the shower flooring made of anti-slip hard washable materials? Is there an adequate number of hand wash basins and showers/bathrooms facilities provided? Are the sanitary facilities conveniently located? Are shower facilities provided with an adequate supply of cold and hot running water? Canteen, cooking and laundry facilities Are canteen, cooking and laundry facilities built with adequate and easy to clean materials? Are the canteen, cooking and laundry facilities kept in clean and sanitary condition? If workers cook their own meals, is kitchen space provided separately from the sleeping areas? Laundry facilities Are adequate facilities for washing and drying clothes provided? Canteen and cooking facilities Are workers provided with enough space in the canteen? Are canteens adequately furnished? Are kitchens provided with the facilities to maintain adequate personal hygiene? 30 IFC/EBRD | Guidance on Workers’ Accommodation August 2009 31 Comments N/A N Y
Are places for food preparation adequately ventilated and equipped? Are kitchen floor, ceiling and wall surfaces adjacent to or above food preparation and cooking areas built in non-absorbent, durable, non-toxic, easily cleanable materials? Are wall surfaces adjacent to cooking areas made of fire-resistant materials and food preparation tables equipped with a smooth, durable, non-corrosive, non-toxic, washable surface? Are adequate facilities for cleaning, disinfecting and storage of cooking utensils and equipment provided? Are there adequate sealable containers to deposit food waste and other refuse? Is refuse frequently removed from the kitchen to avoid accumulation? Standards for nutrition and food safety Is there a special sanitary process such as the WHO keys “5 to safer food” implemented in relation to food safety? Does the food provided contain appropriate nutritional value? Does the food provided take into account workers’ religious/cultural backgrounds? Medical facilities Are first aid kits provided in adequate numbers? Are first-aid kits adequately stocked? Is there an adequate number of staff/workers trained to provide first aid? Are there any other medical facilities/services provided on site? If not, why? Leisure, social and telecommunications facilities Are basic social collective spaces and adequate recreational areas provided to workers? Are workers provided with dedicated places for religious observance? Can workers access a telephone at an affordable/public price? Are workers provided with access to internet facilities? 30 IFC/EBRD | Guidance on Workers’ Accommodation August 2009 31 Comments N/A N Y Managing workers’ accommodation workers’ Managing Management and staff Are there carefully designed worker camp management plans and policies especially in the field of health and safety(including emergency responses), security, workers’ rights and relationships with the communities? Where contractors are used, have they clear contractual management responsibilities and duty to report? Does the person appointed to manage the accommodation have the required background, competency and experience to conduct his mission and is he/ she provided with the adequate responsibility and authority to do so? Is there enough staff to ensure the adequate implementation of housing standards (cleaning, cooking and security in particular)? Are staff members recruited from surrounding communities? Have the staff received basic health and safety training? Are the persons in charge of the kitchen particularly trained in nutrition and food handling and adequately supervised? Charging fees for accommodation and services Are the renting arrangements fair and transparent? Are workers provided with adequate information about payment made? Where appropriate, are renting arrangements and regulations clearly included in workers’ employment contracts? Are food and other services provided for free or reasonably priced, that is, not above the local market price? Is the payment in kind for accommodation and services prohibited? 32 IFC/EBRD | Guidance on Workers’ Accommodation August 2009 33 Comments N/A N Y
Health and safety on site Have health and safety management plans including electrical, mechanical, structural and food safety been designed and implemented? Has the accommodation manager a duty to report to the health authority specific diseases, food poisoning or casualties? Is there an adequate number of staff/workers trained in providing first aid? Has a specific and adequate fire safety management plan been designed and implemented? Is guidance on alcohol, drug and other and HIV/AIDS health risk-related activities provided to workers? Are contraception measures (condoms in particular) and mosquito nets (where relevant) provided to workers? Do workers have an easy access to medical facilities and medical staff, including female doctors/nurses where appropriate? Have emergency plans on health and fire safety been prepared? Depending on circumstances, have specific emergency plans (earthquakes, floods, tornadoes) been prepared? Security on workers’ accommodation Has a security plan including clear measures to protect workers against theft and attack been designed and implemented? Has a security plan including clear provisions on the use of force been designed and implemented? Have the backgrounds of security staff been checked for previous crimes or abuses? Has the recruitment of security staff from both genders been considered? Have security staff received clear instruction about their duty and responsibility? Have security staff been adequately trained in dealing with domestic violence and the use of force? 32 IFC/EBRD | Guidance on Workers’ Accommodation August 2009 33 Comments N/A N Y
Are body searches only performed in exceptional circumstances by specifically trained security staff of both genders? Do security staff have a good understanding about the importance of respecting workers’ rights and the rights of the surrounding communities and adopt appropriate conduct? Do workers and communities have specific means to raise concerns about security arrangements and staff? rights,Workers’ rules and regulations on workers’ accommodation Are limitations on workers’ freedom of movement limited and justified? Is an adequate transport system to the surrounding communities provided? Is the practice of withholding workers’ ID papers prohibited? Is freedom of association expressly respected? Are workers’ religious, cultural and social backgrounds respected? Are workers made aware of their rights and obligations and provided with a copy of the accommodations’ internal rules, procedures and sanction mechanisms in a language or through a media they understand? Are house regulations non discriminatory, fair and reasonable? Are regulations on alcohol, tobacco and third parties’ access to the camp clear and communicated to workers? Is a fair and non-discriminatory procedure to implement disciplinary procedures, including the right for workers to defend themselves, set up? 34 IFC/EBRD | Guidance on Workers’ Accommodation Comments N/A N Y
Consultation and grievance mechanisms Have mechanisms for workers’ consultation been designed and implemented? Are workers provided with processes and mechanisms to articulate their grievances in accordance with PS2/PR2? Have workers subjected to disciplinary proceedings arising from conduct in the accommodation had access to a fair and transparent hearing with the possibility to appeal the decision? Are there fair conflict resolution mechanisms in place? In cases where serious offences occur, are there mechanisms to ensure full cooperation with police authorities? Management of community relations Have community relation management plans addressing issues around community development, community needs, community health and safety and community social and cultural cohesion been designed and implemented? Do community relation management plans include the setting up of liaison mechanisms to allow a constant exchange of information and consultation of the surrounding communities? Is there a senior manager in charge of implementing the community relation management plan? Is there a senior manager in charge of liaising with the surrounding communities? Are the impacts generated by workers’ accommodation periodically reviewed, mitigated or enhanced? Are community representatives provided with easy means to voice their opinions and lodge complaints? Is there a transparent and efficient process for dealing with community grievances, in accordance with PS1/PR10? August 2009
Acknowledgements “Workers’ accommodation: processes and standards” is a joint publication of the EBRD and IFC, who co-commissioned Ergon Associates to research and draft the document.
EBRD team: Environment and Sustainability Department: Alke Schmidt, Michaela Bergman, Debbie Cousins, Frederic Giovannetti, Jeff Jeter Editorial and Desktop Publishing: Natasha Treloar, Bryan Whitford
IFC team: Environment and Social Development Department: Larissa Luy, Sofie Fleischer Michaelsen, Diana Baird, Wenlei Zhou, Piotr Mazurkiewicz, Robert Gerrits. Editorial: Anna Hidalgo
Ergon Associates team: Jean-Baptiste Andrieu, Stuart Bell, Amber Frugte, Steve Gibbons
This version of the Guidance Note benefited from valuable input from a number of external parties including Mary Boomgard (OPIC), Melinda Buckland (BHP Billiton), Kerry Connor (Bechtel), Alan Fine (Anglo Gold Ashanti), George Jaksch (Chiquita), Birgitte B. Nielsen (IFU), Roberto Vega (Dole), Karin Verstralen (FMO), Petter Vilsted (Norfund) and Elizabeth Wild (BP). We would also like to thank all companies that agreed to contribute practical examples.
For more information please contact EBRD Environment and Sustainability Department, European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) One Exchange Square, London EC2A 2JN United Kingdom Tel: +44 20 7338 6000 Email: [email protected]
IFC Environment and Social Development Department: International Finance Corporation, 2121 Pennsylvania Ave. NW, Washington, DC 20433, United States Tel: +1 (202) 473 1000 Fax: +1 (202) 974 4349 Email: [email protected]
© European Bank for Reconstruction and Development and International Finance Corporation, 2009 European Bank for Reconstruction and Development One Exchange Square London EC2A 2JN United Kingdom Tel: +44 20 7338 6000 Fax: +44 20 7338 6100 SWIFT: EBRDGB2L
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