Count Cagliostro and the Egyptian Rite of Psychedelic Freemasonry

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Count Cagliostro and the Egyptian Rite of Psychedelic Freemasonry Count Cagliostro And The Egyptian Rite of Psychedelic Freemasonry Alessandro Cagliostro is almost universally dismissed as a fraud, faker, false healer and con-man. He is supposed "really" to have been an uppity prole named Joseph Balsamo[103] who had made himself adept at hypnosis and sleight-of-hand. Writers like Dumas remember that he was accused of complicity in the "Affair of the Diamond Necklace" but tend to forget that he was acquitted of any wrong- doing -- and in fact was never successfully charged with any crime. It could be argued against him that his idealism verged on naïvté, that he caused public hysteria by his miraculous cures (free for the poor, expensive for the rich) and other "miracles", which he failed to keep secret enough; and that he enjoyed fooling people into believing he was immortal (like the hero of Bulwer-Lytton's Rosicrucian novel Zanoni). After all, a superhuman aura forms a vital aspect of the shaman's ability to heal.[104] The inquisition got him for heresy and magic, not for fraud or murder! Like Giordano Bruno, his biggest mistake was setting foot in Rome (in 1789, a bad year to annoy the Pope). I have always considered Cagliostro a great genius and a key figure in the Western occult Tradition, if only for his one great achievement: -- the establishment of Egyptian Freemasonry. Of course it was Napoleon's invasion of Egypt that led to the discovery of the Rosetta Stone and the deciphering of Egyptian hieroglyphs. Prior to that, knowledge of Egyptian religion relied on a handful of objects (some of them fake) from Egypt, and a few classical texts by such authors as Plutarch and Iamblichus. The hieroglyphs constituted the happy hunting ground of occultists like Athanasius Kircher, who amused themselves by "cracking" the texts on a few obelisks and discovering Neo-Platonic messages.[105] From the 15th to the 19th century the one "authentic" Egyptian text (written in Greek and therefore legible) was the Corpus Hermeticum. Rediscovered in the West in 1460 and translated into Latin in 1471 by Marsilio Ficino, the text was believed to be exceedingly ancient and composed by Hermes Trismegistus, a prophet (or god, identified with the Egyptian Thoth). In 1614 however the Hermetica was "debunked" by philologist Isaac Casaubon and dated to the "late" Hellenistic era, after which only crackpot occultists like Cagliostro took it seriously. Recently however a revisionist view of the text has occupied certain quite scholarly scholars of Egyptian antiquities, who now believe that it actually incorporates authentic ancient material, undoubtedly transmitted orally to certain bilingual hierophants in Greek Egypt (3rd-2nd century BC) and thus saved from the decline and disappearance of genuine Egyptian tradition. [106] So Ficino, Bruno and Cagliostro were not wrong to believe that the Hermetica enshrines "Egyptian Wisdom" -- even if their reasons for that belief were somewhat shaky. And Cagliostro's moment of world-class genius consisted of the brilliant notion of amalgamating the Hermetic ("Egyptian") tradition with the mythos of Freemasonry.[107] Eventually Masonry came to englobe (in the "Scottish" Jacobite degrees) all of Western esotericism: Templar, Rosicrucian, alchemical, "yogic" and -- as we shall see -- entheogenic.[108] If modern Masonry has lost sight of that rich heritage it is not the fault of Count Cagliostro![109] (In fact I believe European Masonry to be far more advanced than the American in this regard -- tant pis.) Let us explore and try to discover how much can be saved of this tradition. ** It would seem that the ideal form of Christianity (for us anyway) would resemble one of the "New World" entheogenic sects such as Santo Daime or Unio Vegetal -- "ayahuasca Protestants", so to speak -- or the Native American Church, which uses or venerates peyote. In the 1960s many of us first heard of peyote from Antonin Artaud's remarkable account of the Tarahumara of Mexico, or from the Native American Church, which used the judicial principle of freedom of religion to argue -- successfully -- for the legality of their sacrament. The irony was that it was not legal for us Euro-Americans -- a typical example of American racism. Art Krebs (whom I met at Millbrook in the mid-60s) founded the Neo-American Church to contest this anomaly, but without success. [110] For some time in the 60s one could still mail-order peyote from a farm in Texas and imitate Aldous Huxley, who achieved enlightenment with mescaline, which could be prepared at home by boiling and straining peyote and drying the residue (which, contrary to still-common misinformation, could be smoked as well as ingested orally). The great seriousness of the Native American Church ritual and theology played a positive role even for us Euro's, who were generally excluded from Church membership (in part because of the race laws, but also due to an understandable distrust by the Indians of white people). [111] [illo, Mike Jay, Mescaline, p. 102] [Note: See now the excellent and comprehensive study by Mike Jay, Mescaline (Yale, 2019).] It's too bad that mescaline seems almost to have vanished from the psycho- pharmacopeia these days; and also a pity that all seekers cannot avail themselves of the guidance and experience of the N.A.C. Once an Indian poet said to me (apropos of white "Wannabe-Indians"): "First you people took our land, they you took our languages and customs -- and now you want our religion! Why don't you white people get a religion of your own?!" I thought this made a lot of sense and I began to search for a tradition that would not involve my trying to pose as a "native" or "make-believe Moroccan" or "white Negro", etc. I decided to work on developing what I called Western Rite Hinduism, by reviving Indo-European paganism via identifications of Hindu deities with Greco-Roman-Egypto-Celtic- Norse deities, like Hermes=Odin=Thoth=Lugh=Budh (the Hindu Mercury) etc. Basically this thought experiment led me to Hermeticism, a Western syncretic magical path that seemed still "alive" and valid.[112] In this way I was able to find not only an "occidental" tradition without authoritarian excrescences, but also with entheogenic praxis. There exists a Western parallel and equivalent of the Rig Vedic sacramental path adumbrated in Wasson's Soma (1968). Broadly speaking this psychedelic path can be connected to the mysteries of alchemy[113] -- but we can be more specific. It turns out that Cagliostro's Egyptian Freemasonry was an entheogenic cult. ** Recently I was pleased to discover that a single manuscript copy of the initiation rites in Egyptian Masonry survived the holocaust of Cagliostro's writings and magical paraphernalia, perpetrated by the Vatican after immuring the Magus in an oubliette beneath the fortress of San Leo in Urbino where he died in 1795. [114] Translated and published by Philippa Faulks and Robert L.D. Cooper in The Masonic Magician: The Life and Death of Count Cagliostro and his Egyptian Rite (Watkins, 2008), this manuscript appears to be quite authentic.[115] I was surprised and excited to read the following segment of Cagliostro's beautiful ritual: (from "Reception of an Apprentice to the Degree of Companion", pp 221 ff) The Worshipful Master shall have his right hand armed with the sword, which has a gold handle and a silver blade. The 7 planets shall be engraved [on the sword] on the two sides of the Moon . and a plaque in the form of a Rose bearing all around this inscription: Primal Matter and the motto I believe in the Rose ... On the Worshipful Master's altar there shall be two covered crystal vases; one shall contain red liqueur, pleasant to drink, which may be wine; the other shall be filled with leaves of gold. (the candidate requests initiation) The candidate lowers his head and two Masters positioned beside him, each having a small burner in his hand, giving off an aroma, and purifying him with the smoke, which the Worshipful Master explains to the candidate in these words: "I am now going to purify your body and your mind; this perfume is the symbol of that purification." (more ritual follows; then:) This done, those present shall rise and surround the candidate who shall drink the liqueur, raising his spirit in order to understand the following speech which their Worshipful Master shall address to him at the same time. "My child, you are receiving the primal matter; understand the blindness and the dejection of your first condition. Then you did not know yourself, everything was darkness within you and without. Now that you have taken a few steps in the knowledge of yourself, learn that the Great God created before man this primal matter and that He then created man to possess it and be immortal. Man abused it and lost it, but it still exists in the hands of the Elect of God and from a single grain of the precious matter becomes a projection into infinity. "The acacia which has been given to you at the degree of Master of ordinary Masonry is nothing but that precious matter [ . .]. " (my italics) Now as anyone who has kept up with recent breakthroughs in psychedelic chemistry knows, acacia[116] denotes a number of varieties of a plant, about 100 of which contain dimethyltryptamine or DMT, a powerful psychotropic or hallucinogen. From these plants DMT can be extracted in "crystal" form, smoked, or injected intravenously, to induce a short but intense "trip". If you eat or drink DMT however nothing will happen because your body will digest it before it can reach your brain; this digestion is caused by a monoamine oxidase (MAO) in your intestinal tract.
Recommended publications
  • Freemasons' Magazine Masonic Mirror
    THE FREEMASONS' MAGAZINE AND MASONIC MIRROR. ft6£ Dl% f ; JANUARY TO JUNE, 18 5 9. LONDON: BRO. HENRY GEORGE WARREN, 2, RED LION COURT, FLEET STREET ; AND ALL BOOKSF.LLEBS. 1859. LONDON* ! 3T10S, FOJIT) AND TIT.T, 1.0X0 ACRE, W.C. INDEX. PAGE TAQE Correspondence, continued :— 838 Charity 24 ALE Give v. Universality ... 58 Ancient Records 491 Christianity 704 Consecration at Guildford, the 981 Angry Letters Accommodation the Lodge of, and Cag- CountryJ Lodge Antiquity, 161, 500 liostro ^ the late Bro. ... 598 for a Freemason's Daughter 744 Cuquemelle, Appeal Lodges 788 Chapter, Our, 147, 195, District Grand Architectural ' Hall at Leicester 449 241, 311, 344, 385, 445, 486, Freemasons and Christianity 25 578, 673, 721, 868, 972, 1060, Freemasonry 1153 . Universality of ... 162 57, 352 shall receive 165 Globe Lodge, the Ask and ye Business of 448 the Curse of 641 Grand Lodge, Avarice, Property ...156, 201 596 the Board of., 347 , BENEVOLENCE, Officers , Ap- ¦ Better Times ..•¦• 887 of 741 Binckes, Bro,, on Things in General 1158 pointment Biograph 2 y 893, 930, 1028, 1174 Board of General Purposes, the, 978, New 1071 Gravesend Lodge of Instruc- 262 16 100, 400, tion Books, Reviews of Sew, , Thornton ..._. 642 445, 840, 1127 Herapath, Bro. Bro., and the Earl of Boys School, the 025 Havers, Carnarvon .'"23, 105 Brides, the, of Quail* 256 19 < Hint, a f} Brook, the Freemasonry 4-oU Love 406 Illicit Brotherly Masonic Temple, the...1218 Buffon's Son 190 Jersey Justitia and the Masonic. Ob- serrer -^°1 CAGLIOSTEO and tire Lodge of An- 5 , " Observer fac- tiquity .J 1070 L tion " 1034, Canadas, the *» Bro.
    [Show full text]
  • DECEMBER / JANUARY 2014 FREEMASON.ORG Publication Board John L
    DECEMBER / JANUARY 2014 FREEMASON.ORG Publication Board John L. Cooper III, Grand Master Allan L. Casalou, Grand Secretary and Editor-in-Chief Editorial Staff Terry Mendez, Managing Editor Angel Alvarez-Mapp, Creative Editor Sarah Gilbert, Assistant Creative Editor Michelle Simone, Assistant Editor Photography p. 6–7, 14: © Casey Catelli p. 15, 22–23: © Resolusean Photography p. 25–26: © Zachary Winnick Illustration Cover and feature, p. 3, 11, 20 © Chen Design Associates Design Chen Design Associates Officers of the Grand Lodge Grand Master – John L. Cooper III, Culver City-Foshay No. 467 Deputy Grand Master – Russell E. Charvonia, Channel Islands No. 214 Senior Grand Warden – M. David Perry, Napa Valley Lodge No. 93 Junior Grand Warden – John R. Heisner, Amity Lodge No. 442 Grand Treasurer – A. Raymond Schmalz, Mill Valley Lodge No. 356 Grand Secretary – Allan L. Casalou, Acalanes Fellowship No. 480 Grand Lecturer – Jack M. Rose, San Dimas No. 428 freemason.org CALIFORNIA FREEMASON ISSUE 2 December/January 2014 USPS # 083-940 is published bimonthly by Masons of California. 1111 California Street, San Francisco, CA 94108-2284. Periodicals Postage Paid at San Francisco, CA and at additional mailing offices. Postmaster: Send address changes to California Freemason, 1111 California Street, San Francisco, CA 94108-2284. Publication Dates – Publication dates are the first day of October, December, February, April, June, and August. Subscriptions – CALIFORNIA FREEMASON is mailed to every member of this Masonic jurisdiction without additional charge. Others are invited to subscribe for $12 a year or $15 outside of the United States. Permission to reprint – Permission to reprint original articles in CALIFORNIA FREEMASON is granted to all recognized Masonic publications with credit to the author and this publication.
    [Show full text]
  • Jewish Historical Studies Transactions of the Jewish Historical Society of England
    Jewish Historical Studies Transactions of the Jewish Historical Society of England Review: Rabbi, Mystic, or Impostor? The Eighteenth-Century Ba’al Shem of London David B. Ruderman1,* How to cite: Ruderman, D.B. ‘Rabbi, Mystic, or Impostor? The Eighteenth-Century Ba’al Shem of London ’. Jewish Historical Studies, 2021, 52(1), pp. 315-319. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14324/111.444.jhs.2021v52.027. Published: 03 June 2021 Peer Review: This article has been peer reviewed through the journal’s standard editorial peer review. Copyright: © 2020, The Author(s). This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC-BY) 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited • DOI: https://doi.org/10.14324/111.444.jhs.2021v52.027 Open Access: Jewish Historical Studies is a peer-reviewed open access journal. *Correspondence: [email protected] 1University of Pennsylvania School of Arts and Sciences, USA https://doi.org/10.14324/111.444.jhs.2021v52.027 Rabbi, Mystic, or Impostor? The Eighteenth-Century Ba’al Shem of London, Michal Oron, translated by Edward Levin (London: Littman Library of Jewish Civilization in association with Liverpool University Press, 2020) isbn 978-1-904113-03-4, pp. xviii + 309, £39.50. The colourful eighteenth-century Jewish mystic and magician, Samuel Falk, known as the Ba’al Shem (master of the [divine] name, wonderworker/ magician) of London, has been the object of more than a century of research.
    [Show full text]
  • Projeto Efemérides Espíritas Linha Do Tempo Por
    Projeto Efemérides Espíritas Linha do Tempo por Ano Estão colocados os Fatos Espíritas por ordem cronológica de ano. Aqui pode- rão ser encontrados fatos diretamente vinculados ao Espiritismo, assim como fatos que aparecem comentados em alguma obra. Quando se tratar de referên- cia a algum vulto, no link das biografias poderá haver informações adicionais pelo nome completo. Irmãos W. e Irmão R. 2013 1 LINHA DO TEMPO POR ANO PARA MAIORES INFORMAÇÕES SOBRE OS NOMES QUE CONSTAM DESSA LISTA , A SEÇÃO DE BIOGRAFIAS DEVERÁ SER CONSULTADA . 570 a.C. - Nasce Pitágoras (570- 496 a.C.). Considerava que "a alma‚ a ver- dadeira substância distinta do corpo, ao qual preexiste". 563 a.C. - Nasce Siddharta Gautama, o Buda. Desencarnou em 483 a.C. 551 a.C. - Nasce Confúcio, pensador chinês. Desencarnou em 479 a.C. 470 a.C. - Nasce Demócrito, o filósofo que ri (470- 360 a.C.). Um dos pre- cursores da teoria atômica, estabelecia uma analogia entre a matéria e o Espírito. Dizia que "A matéria e o Espírito são formados de áto- mos, no entanto, os tomos do espírito são mais sutis que os materiais e são chamados tomos de fogo". Demócrito avançou também o con- ceito de um universo infinito, onde existem muitos outros mundos como o nosso. - Nasce Sócrates (470- 399 a.C.). Afirmava que os homens que vive- ram na Terra encontram-se após a morte e se reconhecem. Pôr pen- sar desta maneira, e difundir estas idéias, foi condenado a pena de beber cicuta (veneno). Sócrates afirmava que "a alma‚ a causa da vida do corpo; desde que esse princípio animador o abandone, o corpo perece".
    [Show full text]
  • Scarica Il Quarto Volume In
    Dizionario storico dell’Inquisizione vol. IV PISA NORMALE diretto da Adriano Prosperi con la collaborazione di Vincenzo Lavenia e John Tedeschi SCUOLA SUPERIORE 2010EDIZIONI DELLA © NORMALE Comitato scientifico Michele Battini, Università di Pisa Jean-Pierre Dedieu, LARHRA CNRS – Lyon Roberto López Vela, Universidad de Cantábria Grado G. Merlo, Università Statale di Milano José Pedro Paiva, Universidade de Coimbra PISA Adriano Prosperi, Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa John Tedeschi, University of Wisconsin – Madison WI NORMALE Comitato editoriale Matteo Al Kalak, Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa Vincenzo Lavenia, Università di Macerata Adelisa Malena, Università Ca’ Foscari di Venezia Giuseppe Marcocci, Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa Francesco Mores, Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa Stefania Pastore, Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa Redazione Francesca Di Dio Traduzioni Paolo Broggio (spagnolo) Andrea Pardi (portoghese) Katia Pischedda (tedesco) Martina Urbaniak (francese,SCUOLA inglese) Indici Gian Mario Cao Marco Cavarzere Francesca Dell’Omodarme Letizia Pellegrini SUPERIORE Apparato iconografico Chiara Franceschini © 20102010 Scuola Normale Superiore Pisa isbn 978-88-7642-323-9 (opera completa) La copia digitale dell’opera è a uso esclusivo degli autori. ©Vietata la riproduzione e la vendita. Elenco delle voci Abad y La Sierra, Manuel M. Torres Arce Abilitazioni J.-P. Dedieu Abitello v. Sambenito Abiura E. Brambilla Abolizione dei tribunali, Italia A. Borromeo Abolizione del tribunale, Portogallo P. Drumond Braga Abolizione del tribunale, Spagna R. Muñoz Solla Aborto E. Betta Abrunhosa, Gastão de G. Marcocci PISA Abuso di sacramenti e sacramentali A. Prosperi Accusa v. Denuncia Acordadas NORMALEv. Lettere circolari Acqui v. Alessandria Action française I. Pavan Acton, John Emerich Edward Dalberg G. Crosignani Ad abolendam G.G.
    [Show full text]
  • The Intellectual Origins of Modern Economic Growth Author(S): Joel Mokyr Source: the Journal of Economic History, Vol
    Economic History Association The Intellectual Origins of Modern Economic Growth Author(s): Joel Mokyr Source: The Journal of Economic History, Vol. 65, No. 2 (Jun., 2005), pp. 285-351 Published by: Cambridge University Press on behalf of the Economic History Association Stable URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/3875064 Accessed: 30-10-2018 16:13 UTC JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at https://about.jstor.org/terms Cambridge University Press, Economic History Association are collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to The Journal of Economic History This content downloaded from 168.122.222.242 on Tue, 30 Oct 2018 16:13:27 UTC All use subject to https://about.jstor.org/terms THE JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC HISTORY VOLUME 65 JUNE 2005 NUMBER 2 The Intellectual Origins of Modern Economic Growth JOEL MOKYR The intellectual origins of the Industrial Revolution are traced back to the Baconian program of the seventeenth century, which aimed at expanding the set of useful knowledge and applying natural philosophy to solve technological problems and bring about economic growth. The eighteenth-century Enlightenment in the West carried out this program through a series of institutional developments that both in- creased the amount of knowledge and its accessibility to those who could make best use of it.
    [Show full text]
  • Cagliostro : the Splendour and Misery of a Master of Magic
    Dear Reader, This book was referenced in one of the 185 issues of 'The Builder' Magazine which was published between January 1915 and May 1930. To celebrate the centennial of this publication, the Pictoumasons website presents a complete set of indexed issues of the magazine. As far as the editor was able to, books which were suggested to the reader have been searched for on the internet and included in 'The Builder' library.' This is a book that was preserved for generations on library shelves before it was carefully scanned by one of several organizations as part of a project to make the world's books discoverable online. Wherever possible, the source and original scanner identification has been retained. Only blank pages have been removed and this header- page added. The original book has survived long enough for the copyright to expire and the book to enter the public domain. A public domain book is one that was never subject to copyright or whose legal copyright term has expired. Whether a book is in the public domain may vary country to country. Public domain books belong to the public and 'pictoumasons' makes no claim of ownership to any of the books in this library; we are merely their custodians. Often, marks, notations and other marginalia present in the original volume will appear in these files – a reminder of this book's long journey from the publisher to a library and finally to you. Since you are reading this book now, you can probably also keep a copy of it on your computer, so we ask you to Keep it legal.
    [Show full text]
  • Cagliostro, a Misunderstood Messenger * - Phillip A
    Cagliostro, A Misunderstood Messenger * - Phillip A. Malpas [From Theosophical Path and Theosophical Forum] Contents I. Introduction by C. J. Ryan II. Cagliostro's "Confessions" III. "Letter to the English People" IV. At Mitau in Courland, 1779 V. The Physician of Strasbourg VI. The Queen's Necklace. Cagliostro and the Bastille. VII. The Case of the Diamond Necklace VIII. Cagliostro's Second Visit to London IX. Cagliostro and His Persecutors X. Cagliostro in Switzerland and Roveredo XI. Cagliostro at Rome XII. The End - Addenda [* In Theosophical parlance a "messenger" is one thought to be sent from or used by estoteric schools in the Orient in effort to enlighten the West. - dig. ed.] ------------------------ Introduction - C. J. Ryan Beginning next month The Theosophical Path will publish a series of chapters by an old and valued contributor, Philip A. Malpas, A., on that extraordinary and greatly misunderstood man known to the world as the Count di Cagliostro. This series is the outcome of many years of study and exhaustive research, and we believe our readers will find it of absorbing interest, both as an unprejudiced record of the efforts of a great Theosophist to bring forward some knowledge of the Ancient Wisdom of the Orient at a critical period in Western Europe, and as a study of a noble life devoted to the service of humanity. In the study of world-history there is a strange fascination in the tragic accounts of the many martyrs who have been slandered and persecuted with almost incredible ferocity, because they tried to break down conventional barriers and help their fellow-men to higher thinking and to the practice of Brotherhood, regardless of creed or nationality.
    [Show full text]
  • Downloaded From: Books at JSTOR, EBSCO, Hathi Trust, Internet Archive, OAPEN, Project MUSE, and Many Other Open Repositories
    A Civil Society e Public Space of Freemason Women in France, – • James Smith Allen © by the Board of Regents of the University of Nebraska All rights reserved ISBN (hardcover) ISBN (epub) ISBN (pdf) Cover image: Jacques France [Paul Lecreux], Marianne Maçonnique (), bronze bust, Musée de la Franc-Maçonnerie, Paris, Collection du Grand Orient de France, photo P. M. is book is published as part of the Sustainable History Monograph Pilot. With the generous support of the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, the Pilot uses cutting-edge publishing technology to produce open access digital editions of high-quality, peer-reviewed monographs from leading university presses. Free digital editions can be downloaded from: Books at JSTOR, EBSCO, Hathi Trust, Internet Archive, OAPEN, Project MUSE, and many other open repositories. While the digital edition is free to download, read, and share, the book is under copyright and covered by the following Creative Commons License: BY-NC-ND. Please consult www.creativecommons.org if you have questions about your rights to reuse the material in this book. When you cite the book, please include the following URL for its Digital Object Identier (DOI): https://doi.org/ . / We are eager to learn more about how you discovered this title and how you are using it. We hope you will spend a few minutes answering a couple of questions at this url: https://www.longleafservices.org/shmp-survey/ More information about the Sustainable History Monograph Pilot can be found at https://www.longleafservices.org. À Anne encore et toujours Sainz alexis est el ciel senz dutance ensembl’ot deu e la compaignie as angeles • od la pulcela dunt il se st si estranges • or l’at od sei ansemble sunt lur anames • ne vus sai dirre cum lur ledece est grande.
    [Show full text]
  • Loutherbourg, Philippe Jacques ‒
    LOUTHERBOURG, PHILIPPE JACQUES 65 LOUTHERBOURG, PHILIPPE JACQUES ‒ French painter, stage and costume designer, inventor, occultist and faith healer Philippe Jacques de Loutherbourg’s father, a painter for the Pacific. Omai became the most popular theatrical production of Court of Darmstadt, hoped his son would become an engineer. the decade, helping to establish popular interest in exotic peoples His mother advised him to train as a Lutheran minister. Louther- and landscapes, while celebrating England’s role in the European bourg decided on a career as a painter and, after his family moved exploration of the Pacific. to Paris to foster his talent, he was taught by Franc¸ois Joseph On February 26, 1781, soon after leaving Drury Lane, Louth- Casanova, Carle van Loo, and Jean-Georges Wille, In 1763 he erbourg opened the Eidophusikon; or, Various Imitations of Natu- exhibited his first painting, Landscape with Figures and Animals. ral Phenomena, represented by Moving Pictures, first in London’s Denis Diderot’s enthusiasm for this work helped launch his ca- Leicester Square and then, from 1786, in the Strand. On a small reer. Over the next eight years, Loutherbourg was celebrated as stage, approximately six feet wide and eight feet deep, Louther- a painter of romantic and picturesque landscapes, and of biblical bourg created landscapes, accompanied by realistic sounds and subjects. He was the youngest person ever to be elected to the lighting effects, that seemed to be in motion. The spectator Acade´mie Royale in Paris and was nominated as a peintre du roi watched, for example, dawn break over a view from Greenwich (royal painter).
    [Show full text]
  • Mokyr the Intellectual Origins of Modern Economic Growth.Pdf
    Economic History Association The Intellectual Origins of Modern Economic Growth Author(s): Joel Mokyr Source: The Journal of Economic History, Vol. 65, No. 2 (Jun., 2005), pp. 285-351 Published by: Cambridge University Press on behalf of the Economic History Association Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/3875064 Accessed: 05-11-2015 18:20 UTC Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at http://www.jstor.org/page/ info/about/policies/terms.jsp JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Economic History Association and Cambridge University Press are collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to The Journal of Economic History. http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded from 164.73.224.2 on Thu, 05 Nov 2015 18:20:09 UTC All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions THE JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC HISTORY VOLUME65 JUNE2005 NUMBER2 TheIntellectual Origins of Modern Economic Growth JOELMOKYR The intellectualorigins of the IndustrialRevolution are traced back to the Baconian programof the seventeenthcentury, which aimed at expandingthe set of useful knowledge and applying naturalphilosophy to solve technologicalproblems and bring about economic growth. The eighteenth-centuryEnlightenment in the West carriedout this programthrough a series of institutionaldevelopments that both in- creasedthe amountof knowledgeand its accessibilityto those who could makebest use of it.
    [Show full text]
  • PDF Version of This Article
    UNESCO/C. Bablin 4 , by Lyndon H. LaRouche, Jr. July 28, 1994 Prologue he spark of genius in the pre-school child, ifit has not been destroyed Talready, is oftentypified by the Socratic manner in which the child asks . "Why?" Sadly, in th.e United States in our times, that spark ofgenius is usually soon quenched by the old dishwater of what Riesman termed "other- directedness, "1 by that peculiar turn of the sadistic chapter of Genesis,that that quality of genius is the screw sometimes named euphemistically empiri­ human soul, is the aspect of the individual person cism and pragmatism. A child's sparkof genius, the which is, in the Latin of Nicolaus of Cusa, both wont to find out how and why past or current imago Dei (the image of God) and capax Dei (the opinions and events came into existence,is replaced potential to participate in God).3 Thus, the formal­ by brutishfaith in the fruits of mere inductive gen­ ism which caused the loss of Pomponazzi's soul is eralization from individual and collective experi­ intrinsicallythe adversary of the Good, isevil. ence, a form of moral self-degradation often Fortunately, in most cases it is possible to termed {(practical common sense," or with credit requicken the spark of genius innate to the nti.,w given appropriately to bestiality, {(horse sense. " child. All the great teachers did this. Every good All of the truly great philosophers and teachers teacher attempts to do that in some degree, in his of the known history of European civilization, or her approximation of the Socratic method beginning with the best of the Ionian Greeks, and employed by Plato, Eudoxus, Theaetetus, associated famously with Plato's Academy at Archimedes, Cusa, and Leibniz.
    [Show full text]