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Bioenergy Deployment in the Danube Region

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Bioenergy Deployment in the Danube Region Bioenergy deployment in the Danube Region Current status and progress according to National Renewable Energy Action Plans Manjola Banja, Nicolae Scarlat, Jean-François Dallemand, Fabio Monforti-Ferrario, Vincenzo Motola, Katalin Bódis 2014 Report EUR 26647 EN European Commission Joint Research Centre Institute for Energy and Transport Contact information Manjola Banja Address: Joint Research Centre, Via Enrico Fermi 2749, TP 450, 21027 Ispra (VA), Italy E-mail: [email protected] Tel.: +39 0332 78 3992 https://ec.europa.eu/jrc Legal Notice This publication is a Science and Policy Report by the Joint Research Centre, the European Commission’s in-house science service. It aims to provide evidence-based scientific support to the European policy-making process. The scientific output expressed does not imply a policy position of the European Commission. Neither the European Commission nor any person acting on behalf of the Commission is responsible for the use which might be made of this publication. All images © European Union 2014 JRC89188 EUR 26647 EN ISBN 978-92-79-38299-4 (PDF) ISBN 978-92-79-38300-7 (print) ISSN 1831-9424 (online) ISSN 1018-5593 (print) doi:10.2790/20620 Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2014 © European Union, 2014 Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. Abstract The report aims to present a comprehensive analysis of current and expected deployment up to 2020 of bioenergy in 16 countries of Danube region: nine European Member States ( Austria, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Slovakia and Slovenia) and seven non-European countries ( Ukraine, Republic of Moldova, Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Albania, Montenegro and The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia) based on available national renewable energy action plans and the most recent bi-annual progress reports presenting in details the progress actually achieved in deploying their renewable sources. 2 Bioenergy deployment in the Danube Region Current status and progress according to National Renewable Energy Action Plans May, 2014 4 Table of Content Preface .......................................................................................................................................................... 7 Executive summary .................................................................................................................................... 9 Abbreviations ............................................................................................................................................ 13 List of figures ............................................................................................................................................. 14 List of tables .............................................................................................................................................. 14 1. Short description of Danube River Basin ......................................................................................... 17 2. Renewable energy development in EU-DC’s, 2005-2010 .............................................................. 18 2.1 Renewable power capacity in EU-DC’s ...................................................................................... 19 2.2 Renewable energy production in EU-DC’s ................................................................................ 19 3. Bioenergy development in EU-DC’s, 2005-2010 ............................................................................ 22 3.1 Total bioenergy (bioelectricity, bioheat and transport biofuels) ............................................. 22 3.2 Bioelectricity and Bioheat ............................................................................................................. 23 3.2.1 Bioelectricity ............................................................................................................................ 24 3.2.2 Biomass for heating/cooling ................................................................................................ 26 3.2.3 Biofuels in transport .............................................................................................................. 28 4. Biomass availability in EU-DC, 2009-2010 ...................................................................................... 31 5. Expected development of renewable energy and bioenergy in EU-DC’s.................................... 33 5.1 Energy consumption and renewable energy in EU-DC’s ........................................................ 33 5.1.1 Renewable energy capacity .................................................................................................... 33 5.1.2 Renewable energy production .............................................................................................. 33 5.2 Expected bioenergy development in EU-DC’s ......................................................................... 34 5.3 Expected development of bioelectricity and bioheat markets ................................................ 36 5.3.1 Growth in bioelectricity......................................................................................................... 37 5.3.2 Biomass for heating/cooling ................................................................................................ 39 5.3.3 Growth of biofuels used in transport in EU-DC’s ........................................................... 41 5.4 Expected biomass potential development in EU-DC’s ........................................................... 42 6. Bioenergy status and forecast in non-EU Danube countries ......................................................... 45 6.1 Ukraine ............................................................................................................................................ 45 6.2 Republic of Moldova ..................................................................................................................... 46 6.3 Serbia ................................................................................................................................................ 47 6.4 Bosnia and Herzegovina ............................................................................................................... 47 6.5 Albania ............................................................................................................................................. 48 6.6 Montenegro ..................................................................................................................................... 49 6.7 The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia ........................................................................... 49 The way forward ....................................................................................................................................... 51 References .................................................................................................................................................. 52 ANNEX I .................................................................................................................................................. 55 ANNEX II ................................................................................................................................................. 57 ANNEX III ............................................................................................................................................... 59 ANNEX IV ............................................................................................................................................... 61 ANNEX V ................................................................................................................................................. 65 5 6 Preface The EU strategy for the Danube Region (EUSDR) was adopted by the European Commission in December 2010 and endorsed in June 2011 by the European Council, who called for its implementation [7]1. The area covered by EUSDR ranges from the Black Forest (Germany) to the Black Sea (Romania-Ukraine-Moldova), covers parts of nine EU countries (Germany, Austria, Hungary, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bulgaria and Romania) and five non-EU countries (Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Ukraine and Moldova) and includes more than 100 million people [7]. The Danube region provides many benefits to its inhabitants, including rich environmental assets, abundant renewable energy sources, cultural, ethnic and natural diversity and substantial trade opportunities. However, the region also faces several challenges, including environmental threats, insufficient energy and transport connections, uneven socio-economic development and shortcomings in safety and security. Better coordination and cooperation between the Danube countries and key players are needed to address these challenges, in particular through planning and investing together and developing key links. The EUSDR addresses the main challenges faced by the region, with a special focus on mobility, energy, environment, socio-economic and security issues. The Joint Research Centre (JRC), the European Commission’s in-house science service, responded to the call launching the ‘scientific support for the Danube strategy’ initiative [11]. The JRC’s initiative aims to provide scientific information relating to the EUSDR and is designed to support decision-makers and other stakeholders in identifying policy needs and large-scale
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