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Mitigation Report

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Mitigation Report Republic of Moldova TECHNOLOGY NEEDS ASSESSMENT FOR CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION REPORT I TECHNOLOGY PRIORITISATION May, 2012 Supported by Republic of Moldova PREFACE The Republic of Moldova has signed the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) on June 12, 1992, ratified it on March 16, 1995 and for our country the Convention entered into force on September 7, 1995. On January 28, 2011 the Republic of Moldova has associated with the Copenhagen Agreement of the United Nations Framework on Climate Change. Under this Agreement, our country has set a new target aimed at Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions reduction, specifying " reduction of total national levels of GHG emissions by not less than 25% by 2020 compared to the reference year (1990). Hereby, it is determined that this target shall be achieved by implementing global economic mechanisms focused on mitigating climate change in accordance with UNFCCC principles and decisions.” The recent and underway policies of the Republic of Moldova on climate change mitigation are aimed at promoting energy efficiency and renewable energy sources in all sectors of the national economy, systematic afforestation activities and rational land management, promoting innovative approaches and environmentally friendly technologies and exploring carbon financing mechanisms. In conformity with the general objective of the Convention, which sets as a target the maximum global average temperature growth until 2100 by no more than 20C, the Republic of Moldova has decided to undertake a transition to a low GHG emissions development path. The first step in this direction was made in 2011 when development of the Low-Emission Development Strategy and Climate Change Adaptation Strategy started. Approval of these strategies is planned for 2013, which will allow access to the long-term financing mechanisms under the Convention to implement the so-called Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMA) and adaptation measures. Technology needs assessment in the context of climate change mitigation and adaptation is a crucial first step in achieving the objectives of these strategies. Methodological aspects of evaluation and identification of appropriate technologies in climate change mitigation and adaptation revealed during the TNA will serve as a starting point in promoting them nationwide. In the future the Republic of Moldova will address climate change issues so, that they can be included in all national and sector development policies and strategies of the country. This status will allow our country to get integrated in the global process of climate change mitigation and adaptation to this phenomenon at the national level. Republic of Moldova ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This document is an output of the Technology Needs Assessment project, funded by the Global Environment Facility (GEF) and implemented by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and the UNEP-Risoe Centre (URC) in collaboration with the Asian Institute for Technology (AIT), for the benefit of the participating countries. The present report is the output of a fully country-led process and the views and information contained herein is a product of the National TNA team, led by the Ministry of Environment of the Republic of Moldova. 3 Republic of Moldova ABBREVIATIONS ACSA Agency for Consultancy and Training in Agriculture ASM Academy of Sciences of Moldova BG Botanical Garden Research Institute CDM Clean Development Mechanism CISRA Centralized Irrigation System Rehabilitation Activity GEF Global Environment Facility GRI Genetic Research Institute ICSR Institute of Crop Sciences Research ITFR Institute of Fruits Trees Research LEDS Low Emission Development Strategy MAFI Ministry of Agriculture and Food Industry MCC Project funded by the Millennium Challenge Corporation MCDA Multi Criteria Decision Analysis MDG Millennium Development Goals MFNC Moldova’s First National Communication under the UNFCCC MoEN Ministry of Environment MSNC Moldova’s Second National Communication under the UNFCCC NCCAS National Climate Change Adaptation Strategy NDS National Development Strategy NHDR National Human Development Report NIWVR National Institute of Wine and Viticulture Research NPEE National Programme on Energy Efficiency NSNHM National Strategy of Natural Hazards Mitigation RIMS Institute for Maize and Sorghum Research SHS State Hydro meteorological Service TAP Technology Action Plan TFS Technology Fact Sheet THVA Transition to High Value Agriculture UASM State Agricultural University of Moldova UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change 4 Republic of Moldova LIST OF FIGURES Fig. 2.1-1 Role of Institutional Elements for the TNA Project in the Republic of Moldova. ................................................ 16 Fig.2.1-2 Institutional Structure for the TNA project in the Republic of Moldova. ............................................................. 18 Fig. 3.1-2 The dynamic of gross national income per capita of the Republic of Moldova .................................................. 23 Fig. 3.2-1 Criteria contribution chart bar in the sectors prioritization. ............................................................................... 39 Fig.3.3-1 The dynamic of agriculture share value added in total GDP ................................................................................ 41 Fig.3.3-2 Composition of agricultural trade of the Republic of Moldova, 2009 ................................................................. 41 Fig. 3.3-3 Area sown by main crops in Moldova. ................................................................................................................ 43 Fig. 3.3-4 Commodity level production in the Republic of Moldova, 2009. ....................................................................... 44 Fig 3.3-5 Domestic production of cattle ............................................................................................................................. 46 Fig 3.3-6 Swine growing in domestic farms ........................................................................................................................ 47 Fig. 3.3-7 Chernozem degraded into eroded soils, reducing its fertility by 80% ................................................................ 48 Fig. 3.3-8 Degrading of agricultural soils as a result of their erosion.................................................................................. 49 Fig. 3.3-9 Plan-view schematic of a Sprinkler Irrigation System ......................................................................................... 50 Fig.3.3-10 “Fregat” (center pivot) sprinkler system in the Cahul district area ................................................................... 50 Fig. 3.3-11 Drip irrigation of tomatoes in open field Straseni area .................................................................................... 51 Fig. 3.3-12 Life expectancy at birth in the Republic of Moldova during 2000 – 2010 years. .............................................. 56 Fig.3.3-13 Mortality rate in the Republic of Moldova and in the countries of the region during 2008-2010 years (for 100 population). ........................................................................................................................................................................ 57 Fig.3.3-14 General incidence of morbidity by large age groups in the Republic of Moldova in the time series from 2005 to 2010 (for 10 thousand population) years. ...................................................................................................................... 58 Fig. 4.2-1 By weight criteria contribution chart bar in the technology prioritization of the Agriculture sector ................. 83 Fig. 4.2-2 Hierarchy value tree of Agriculture sector in the technological assessment ...................................................... 84 Fig. 4.3-2 Costs benefits ranking of Small Scale/Short Term category technologies .......................................................... 88 Fig. 4.3-3 By scoring criteria contribution chart bar in technology prioritization of Agricuture sector, Small Scale/Short Term category. .................................................................................................................................................................... 88 Fig. 4.3-4 Costs benefits relationship of Small Scale/Medium-Long Term category technologies ..................................... 89 FIg. 4.3-5 By scoring criteria contribution chart bar in technology prioritization of Agricuture sector, Small Scale/ Medium-Long Term category ............................................................................................................................................. 89 Fig. 4.3-6 Costs benefits relationship of Large Scale/ Short term category technologies .................................................. 90 Fig. 4.3-7 By scoring criteria contribution graph in technology prioritization of Agricuture sector, Large Scale/ Short Term category ..................................................................................................................................................................... 90 Fig. 4.3-8 Costs benefits relationship of Large Scale/ Medium-Long term category technologies..................................... 91 Fig. 4.3-9 By scoring criteria contribution chart bar in technology prioritization, Large Scale/ Medium-Long Term category .............................................................................................................................................................................
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