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Selected bibliography of New Psychoactive Substances (NPS) 2012-February 2013

1.0. Scientific review articles.

Arbo MD, Bastos ML, Carmo HF. compounds as drugs of abuse. Drug and Alcohol Dependence. 2012;122:174-85. Carroll FI, Lewin AH, Mascarella SW, Seltzman HH, Reddy PA. Designer drugs: a medicinal chemistry perspective. Addiction Reviews. 2012;1248:18-38. Coppola M, Mondola R. Research chemicals marketed as legal highs: The case of derivatives. Toxicology Letters. 2012;212:57-60. Corkery JM, Elliott S, Schifano F, Corazza O, Ghodse AH. 2-DPMP (, 2- benzhydrylpiperidine, 2-phenylmethylpiperidine) and D2PM (diphenyl-2-pyrrolidin-2-yl-methanol, diphenylprolinol): A preliminary review. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry. 2012;39:253-8. Davidson C. New psychoactive substances. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry. 2012;39:219-20. Gallagher CT, Assi S, Stair JL, Fergus S, Corazza O, Corkery JM, Schifano, F. 5,6-Methylenedioxy-2- aminoindane: from laboratory curiosity to legal high. Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental. 2012;27:106-12. Gebel E. Mass Spec Tracks Down Designer Drugs. Chemical & Engineering News. 2012;90:26:38. Gerona RR, Wu AHB. . Clinics in Laboratory Medicine. 2012;32:415-27. Gibbons S. 'Legal Highs' - novel and emerging psychoactive drugs: a chemical overview for the toxicologist. Clinical Toxicology. 2012;50:15-24. Hogue C. Designer Drugs Criminalized. Chemical & Engineering News. 2012;90:28-9. Mahadevan A. Synthetic Cannabinoids as Designer Drugs: A Structural Overview. Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology. 2012;7:S20-S. Zukiewicz-Sobczak W, Zwolinski J, Chmielewska-Badora J, Krasowska E, Piatek J, Sobczak P, Wojtyla A, Fornal E, Kuczumow A, Bilinski P. Analysis of psychoactive and intoxicating substances in legal highs. Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine. 2012;19:309-14.

2.0. Selected articles on the identification and analysis of new psychoactive substances in seized materials.

2.1. Analysis and identification of synthetic cannabinoids in seized materials.

Dunham SJB, Hooker PD, Hyde RM. Identification, extraction and quantification of the synthetic cannabinoid JWH-018 from commercially available herbal marijuana alternatives. Forensic Science International. 2012;223:241-4. Ernst L, Krueger K, Lindigkeit R, Schiebel H-M, Beuerle T. Synthetic cannabinoids in “spice-like” herbal blends: First appearance of JWH-307 and recurrence of JWH-018 on the German market. Forensic Science International. 2012;222:216-22. Gottardo R, Chiarini A, Dal Prà I, Seri C, Rimondo C, Serpelloni G, Armato U, Tagliaro F. Direct screening of herbal blends for new synthetic cannabinoids by MALDI-TOF MS. Journal of Mass Spectrometry. 2012;47:141-6. Grabenauer M, Krol WL, Wiley JL, Thomas BF. Analysis of Synthetic Cannabinoids Using High- Resolution Mass Spectrometry and Mass Defect Filtering: Implications for Nontargeted Screening of Designer Drugs. Analytical Chemistry. 2012;84:5574-81. Gregori A, Damiano F, Bonavia M, Mileo V, Varani F, Monfreda M. Identification of two cannabimimetic compounds WIN48098 and AM679 in illegal products. Science & Justice, 2012. Jankovics P, Varadi A, Tolgyesi L, Lohner S, Nemeth-Palotas J, Balla J. Detection and identification of the new potential synthetic cannabinoids 1-pentyl-3-(2-iodobenzoyl)indole and 1-pentyl-3-(1- adamantoyl)indole in seized bulk powders in Hungary. Forensic Science International. 2012;214:27-32.

Kavanagh P, Grigoryev A, Savchuk S, Mikhura I, Formanovsky A. UR-144 in products sold via the Internet: Identification of related compounds and characterization of pyrolysis products. Drug Testing and Analysis. 2013: in press Kneisel S, Bisel P, Brecht V, Broecker S, Müller M, Auwärter V. Identification of the cannabimimetic AM-1220 and its azepane isomer (N-methylazepan-3-yl)-3-(1-naphthoyl)indole in a research chemical and several herbal mixtures. Forensic Toxicology. 2012;30:126-34. Kneisel S, Westphal F, Bisel P, Brecht V, Broecker S, Auwärter V. Identification and structural characterization of the synthetic cannabinoid 3-(1-adamantoyl)-1-pentylindole as an additive in herbal incense. Journal of Mass Spectrometry. 2012;47:195-200. Logan BK, Reinhold LE, Xu A, Diamond FX. Identification of Synthetic Cannabinoids in Herbal Incense Blends in the United States. Journal of Forensic Sciences. 2012;57:1168-80. Moosmann B, Kneisel S, Girreser U, Brecht V, Westphal F, Auwaerter V. Separation and structural characterization of the synthetic cannabinoids JWH-412 and 1- (5-fluoropentyl)-1H-indol-3yl –(4- methylnaphthalen-1-yl)methanone using GC-MS, NMR analysis and a flash chromatography system. Forensic Science International. 2012;220:E17-E22. Musah RA, Domin MA, Cody RB, Lesiak AD, John Dane A, Shepard JRE. Direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry with collision-induced dissociation for structural analysis of synthetic cannabinoids. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry. 2012;26:2335-42. Nakajima Ji, Takahashi M, Seto T, Yoshida M, Kanai C, Suzuki J, Hamano T. Identification and quantitation of two new naphthoylindole drugs-of-abuse, (1-(5-hydroxypentyl)-1H-indol-3- yl)(naphthalen-1-yl)methanone (AM-2202) and (1-(4-pentenyl)-1H-indol-3-yl)(naphthalen-1- yl)methanone, with other synthetic cannabinoids in unregulated “herbal” products circulated in the Tokyo area. Forensic Toxicology. 2012;30:33-44. Shanks KG, Dahn T, Behonick G, Terrell A. Analysis of First and Second Generation Legal Highs for Synthetic Cannabinoids and Synthetic by Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography and Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry. Journal of Analytical Toxicology. 2012;36:360-71. Shevyrin V, Melkozerov V, Nevero A, Eltsov O, Morzherin Y, Shafran Y. Identification and analytical properties of new synthetic cannabimimetics bearing 2,2,3,3-tetramethylcyclopropanecarbonyl moiety. Forensic Science International. 2013, In press. Uchiyama N, Kawamura M, Kikura-Hanajiri R, Goda Y. Identification of two new-type synthetic cannabinoids, N-(1-adamantyl)-1-pentyl-1H-indole-3-carboxamide (APICA) and N-(1-adamantyl)-1- pentyl-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide (APINACA), and detection of five synthetic cannabinoids, AM- 1220, AM-2233, AM-1241, CB-13 (CRA-13), and AM-1248, as designer drugs in illegal products. Forensic Toxicology. 2012;30:114-25. Uchiyama N, Kawamura M, Kikura-Hanajiri R, Goda Y. URB-754: A new class of and 12 synthetic cannabinoids detected in illegal products. Forensic Science International. 2013, In press. Westphal F, Sönnichsen FD, Thiemt S. Identification of 1-butyl-3-(1-(4-methyl)naphthoyl)indole in a herbal mixture. Forensic Science International. 2012;215:8-13.

2.2. Analysis and identification of synthetic in seized materials.

Abiedalla YFH, Abdel-Hay K, DeRuiter J, Clark CR. Synthesis and GC-MS analysis of a series of homologs and regioisomers of 3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV). Forensic Science International. 2012;223:189-97. Davis S, Rands-Trevor K, Boyd S, Edirisinghe M. The characterisation of two halogenated analogues: 3,5-difluoromethcathinone and 3,5-dichloromethcathinone. Forensic Science International. 2012;217:139-45. Fornal E, Stachniuk A, Wojtyla A. LC-Q/TOF mass spectrometry data driven identification and spectroscopic characterisation of a new 3,4-methylenedioxy-N-benzyl cathinone (BMDP). Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis. 2013;72:139-44. Kavanagh P, O’Brien J, Fox J, O’Donnell C, Christie R, Power JD, McDermott SD. The analysis of substituted cathinones. Part 3. Synthesis and characterisation of 2,3-methylenedioxy substituted cathinones. Forensic Science International. 2012;216:19-28. Khreit OIG, Irving C, Schmidt E, Parkinson JA, Nic Daeid N, Sutcliffe OB. Synthesis, full chemical characterisation and development of validated methods for the quantification of the components found in the evolved ‘legal high’ NRG-2. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis. 2012;61:122- 35. Locos O, Reynolds D. The Characterization of 3,4-Dimethylmethcathinone (3,4-DMMC). Journal of Forensic Sciences. 2012;57:1303-6.

Maheux CR, Copeland CR. Chemical analysis of two new designer drugs: and . Drug Testing and Analysis. 2012;4:17-23. Perera RWH, Abraham I, Gupta S, Kowalska P, Lightsey D, Marathaki C, Singh N, Lough J. Screening approach, optimisation and scale-up for chiral liquid chromatography of cathinones. Journal of Chromatography A. 2012;1269:189-97. Stewart SP, Bell SEJ, Fletcher NC, Bouazzaoui S, Ho YC, Speers SJ, Peters KL. Raman spectroscopy for forensic examination of beta-ketophenethylamine "legal highs": Reference and seized samples of cathinone derivatives. Analytica Chimica Acta. 2012;711:1-6. Vircks KE, Mulligan CC. Rapid screening of synthetic cathinones as trace residues and in authentic seizures using a portable mass spectrometer equipped with desorption electrospray ionization. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry. 2012;26:2665-72. Westphal F, Junge T. Ring positional differentiation of isomeric N-alkylated fluorocathinones by gas chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Forensic Science International. 2012;223:97-105. Westphal F, Junge T, Girreser U, Greibl W, Doering C. Mass, NMR and IR spectroscopic characterization of pentedrone and and identification of their isocathinone by-products. Forensic Science International. 2012;217:157-67. Zuba D. Identification of cathinones and other active components of 'legal highs' by mass spectrometric methods. Trac-Trends in Analytical Chemistry. 2012;32:15-30. Zuba D, Byrska Ba. Prevalence and co-existence of active components of legal highs. Drug Testing and Analysis. 2012:online edition. May 2012 | DOI: 10.1002/dta.1365

2.3. Analysis and identification of phenethylamines in seized materials.

Blachut D, Wojtasiewicz K, Krawczyk K, Maurin J, Szawkało J, Czarnocki Z. Identification and synthesis of by-products found in 4-methylthioamphetamine (4-MTA) produced by the Leuckart method. Forensic Science International. 2012;216:108-20. Davis S, Blakey K, Rands-Trevor K. GC-MS and GC-IRD analysis of 2-, 3- and 4- methylmethamphetamine and 2-, 3- and 4-methylamphetamine. Forensic Science International. 2012;220:67-73. Inagaki S, Hirashima H, Taniguchi S, Higashi T, Min JZ, Kikura-Hanajiri R, Goda Y, Toyo’oka T. Rapid enantiomeric separation and simultaneous determination of phenethylamines by ultra high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence and mass spectrometric detection: application to the analysis of illicit drugs distributed in the Japanese market and biological samples. Drug Testing and Analysis. 2012;4:1001-8. Zuba D, Sekuła K. Analytical characterization of three hallucinogenic N-(2-methoxy)benzyl derivatives of the 2C-series of phenethylamine drugs. Drug Testing and Analysis. 2013, in press. Zuba D, Sekuła K, Buczek A. Identification and characterization of 2,5-dimethoxy-4-nitro-β- phenethylamine (2C-N) A new member of 2C-series of designer drug. Forensic Science International. 2012;222:298-305. Zuba D, Sekuła K. Identification and characterization of 2,5-dimethoxy-3,4-dimethyl-β- phenethylamine (2C-G) – A new designer drug. Drug Testing and Analysis. 2013:in press

2.4. Analysis and identification of other groups of new psychoactive substances in seized materials.

Brandt SD, Tearavarich R, Dempster N, Cozzi NV, Daley PF. Synthesis and characterization of 5- methoxy-2-methyl-N,N-dialkylated tryptamines. Drug Testing and Analysis. 2012;4:24-32. Elie L, Baron M, Croxton R, Elie M. Microcrystalline identification of selected designer drugs. Forensic Science International. 2012;214:182-8. Elie MP, Elie LE, Baron MG. Keeping pace with NPS releases: fast GC-MS screening of legal high products. Drug Testing and Analysis. 2013:in press Reitzel LA, Dalsgaard PW, Muller IB, Cornett C. Identification of ten new designer drugs by GC-MS, UPLC-QTOF-MS, and NMR as part of a police investigation of a Danish Internet company. Drug Testing and Analysis. 2012;4:342-54.

3.0. Selected articles on the identification and analysis of new psychoactive substances in biological specimens.

3.1. Methods for the analysis of Synthetic cannabinoids in biological specimens.

Ammann J, McLaren JM, Gerostamoulos D, Beyer J. Detection and Quantification of New Designer Drugs in Human Blood: Part 1 Synthetic Cannabinoids. Journal of Analytical Toxicology. 2012;36:372-80. De Jager AD, Warner JV, Henman M, Ferguson W, Hall A. LC-MS/MS method for the quantitation of metabolites of eight commonly-used synthetic cannabinoids in human urine‚ An Australian perspective. Journal of Chromatography B. 2012;897:22-31. Grigoryev A, Kavanagh P, Melnik A. The detection of the urinary metabolites of 3-[(adamantan-1- yl)carbonyl]-1-pentylindole (AB-001), a novel cannabimimetic, by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Drug Testing and Analysis. 2012;4:519-24. Hutter M, Kneisel S, Auwaerter V, Neukamm MA. Determination of 22 synthetic cannabinoids in human hair by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Journal of Chromatography B- Analytical Technologies in the Biomedical and Life Sciences. 2012;903:95-101. Kim U, Jin MJ, Lee J, Han SB, In MK, Yoo HH. Tentative identification of phase I metabolites of HU- 210, a classical synthetic cannabinoid, by LC-MS/MS. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis. 2012;64-65:26-34. Kneisel S, Auwärter V. Analysis of 30 synthetic cannabinoids in serum by liquid chromatography- electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry after liquid-liquid extraction. Journal of Mass Spectrometry. 2012;47:825-35. Kneisel S, Auwärter V, Kempf Jr. Analysis of 30 synthetic cannabinoids in oral fluid using liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Drug Testing and Analysis. 2013:in press. Lovett DP, Yanes EG, Herbelin TW, Knoerzer TA, Levisky JA. Structure elucidation and identification of a common metabolite for naphthoylindole-based synthetic cannabinoids using LC-TOF and comparison to a synthetic reference standard. Forensic Science International. 2013;in press. Salomone A, Gerace E, D'Urso F, Di Corcia D, Vincenti M. Simultaneous analysis of several synthetic cannabinoids, THC, CBD and CBN, in hair by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Method validation and application to real samples. Journal of Mass Spectrometry. 2012;47:604-10. Strano-Rossi S, Anzillotti L, Castrignano E, Romolo FS, Chiarotti M. Ultra high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry screening method for direct analysis of designer drugs, "spice" and stimulants in oral fluid. Journal of Chromatography A. 2012;1258:37-42.

3.2. Methods for the analysis of synthetic cathinones in biological specimens.

Ammann D, McLaren JM, Gerostamoulos D, Beyer J. Detection and Quantification of New Designer Drugs in Human Blood: Part 2 Designer Cathinones. Journal of Analytical Toxicology. 2012;36:381-9. Martin M, Muller JF, Turner K, Duez M, Cirimele V. Evidence of chronic abuse through hair analysis using GC/MS. Forensic Science International. 2012;218:44-8. Meyer MR, Vollmar C, Schwaninger AE, Wolf E, Maurer HH. New cathinone-derived designer drugs 3-bromomethcathinone and 3-fluoromethcathinone: studies on their metabolism in rat urine and human liver microsomes using GC-MS and LC-high-resolution MS and their detectability in urine. Journal of Mass Spectrometry. 2012;47:253-62. Shah SAB, Deshmukh NIK, Barker J, Petroczi A, Cross P, Archer R, Naughton DP. Quantitative analysis of mephedrone using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectroscopy: Application to human hair. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis. 2012;61:64-9. Sobolevsky T, Prasolov I, Rodchenkov G. Detection of urinary metabolites of AM-2201 and UR-144, two novel synthetic cannabinoids. Drug Testing and Analysis. 2012;4:745-53. Swortwood MJ, Boland DM, DeCaprio AP. Determination of 32 cathinone derivatives and other designer drugs in serum by comprehensive LC-QQQ-MS/MS analysis. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry. 2013;405:1383-97

Yanes EG, Lovett DP. High-throughput bioanalytical method for analysis of synthetic cannabinoid metabolites in urine using salting-out sample preparation and LC-MS/MS. Journal of Chromatography B. 2012;909:42-50.

3.3. Methods for the analysis of phenethylamines and other groups of new psychoactive substances in biological specimens.

Dalsgaard PW, Rasmussen BS, Müller IB, Linnet K. Toxicological screening of basic drugs in whole blood using UPLC-TOF-MS. Drug Testing and Analysis. 2012;4:313-9. Gaillard YP, Cuquel A-C, Boucher A, Romeuf L, Bevalot F, Prevosto J-M, et al. A Fatality Following Ingestion of the Designer Drug Meta-Chlorophenylpiperazine (mCPP) in an Asthmatic, HPLC-MS/MS Detection in Biofluids and Hair. Journal of Forensic Sciences. 2013;58:263-9. Meyer MR, Maurer HH. Drugs of Abuse (Including Designer Drugs). Metabolism of Drugs and Other Xenobiotics: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KgaA; 2012. p. 429-63. Meyer MR, Prosser D, Maurer HH. Studies on the metabolism and detectability of the designer drug β- in rat urine using GC-MS and LC-HR-MS/MS. Drug Testing and Analysis. 2013: in press Montesano C, Sergi M, Moro M, Napoletano S, Romolo FS, Carlo MD, Compagnone D, Curini R. Screening of methylenedioxyamphetamine- and piperazine-derived designer drugs in urine by LC– MS/MS using neutral loss and precursor ion scan. Journal of Mass Spectrometry. 2013;48:49-59. Rohrich J, Becker J, Kaufmann T, Zorntlein S, Urban R. Detection of the synthetic drug 4- fluoroamphetamine (4-FA) in serum and urine. Forensic Science International. 2012;215:3-7. Rust KY, Baumgartner MR, Dally AM, Kraemer T. Prevalence of new psychoactive substances: A retrospective study in hair. Drug Testing and Analysis. 2012;4:402-8. Secilir A, Schrier L, Bijleveld YA, Toersche JH, Jorjani S, Burggraaf J, Van Gerven J, Mathot RAA . Determination of in plasma and saliva by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Journal of Chromatography B.

4.0. Selected articles on the toxicology/pharmacology of new psychoactive substances.

Barceloux DG. Tryptamine Designer Drugs. Medical Toxicology of Drug Abuse: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2012. p. 193-9. Bilinski P, Holownia P, Kapka-Skrzypczak L, Wojtyla A. Designer Drug (DD) abuse in Poland; a review of the psychoactive and toxic properties of substances found from seizures of illegal drug products and the legal consequences thereof. Part II - /, Phenylethylamines, Tryptamines and miscellaneous 'Others'. Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine. 2012;19:871-82. Cameron KN, Kolanos R, Solis E, Vekariya RH, Glennon RA, De Felice LJ. Bath Salts: A Synthetic Cathinone Whose Two Major Components Act Similar to and on the Human Transporter. Biophysical Journal. 2012;102:215a. Coppola M, Mondola R. 3,4-Methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV): Chemistry, pharmacology and toxicology of a new designer drug of abuse marketed online. Toxicology Letters. 2012;208:12-5. Coppola M, Mondola R. Synthetic cathinones: Chemistry, pharmacology and toxicology of a new class of designer drugs of abuse marketed as "bath salts" or "plant food". Toxicology Letters. 2012;211:144- 9. Coppola M, Mondola R. 5-Iodo-2-aminoindane (5-IAI): Chemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology of a research chemical producing MDMA-like effects. Toxicology Letters. 2013;218:24-9. Favretto D, Pascali JP, Tagliaro F. New challenges and innovation in forensic toxicology. Focus on the "New Psychoactive Substances". J Chromatogr A. 2012. Epub ahead of print Meyer MR. Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics of Designer Cathinones. Biological Psychiatry. 2012;71:11S-S. Seely KA, Lapoint J, Moran JH, Fattore L. Spice drugs are more than harmless herbal blends: A review of the pharmacology and toxicology of synthetic cannabinoids. Progress in Neuro- Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry. 2012;39:234-43. Wills B, Erickson T, Barceloux DG. Psychoactive Phenethylamine, Piperazine, and Pyrrolidinophenone Derivatives. Medical Toxicology of Drug Abuse: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2012. 156-92.

5.0. Selected articles on the use of new psychoactive substances.

Bruno R, Matthews AJ, Dunn M, Alati R, McIlwraith F, Hickey S, Burns L, Sindicich N. Emerging psychoactive substance use among regular ecstasy users in Australia. Drug and Alcohol Dependence. 2012;124:19-25. Chillemi E, Martinotti G, Vellante F, Janiri L, Di Giannantonio M. Cannabis use and internet: the case of ‘”spice’” products. European Psychiatry. 2012;27, Supplement 1:1. Kriikku P, Wilhelm L, Rintatalo J, Hurme J, Kramer J, Ojanpera I. Prevalence and blood concentrations of desoxypipradrol (2-DPMP) in drivers suspected of driving under the influence of drugs and in post-mortem cases. Forensic Science International. 2013;in press. Levine M, Levitan R, Skolnik A. Compartment Syndrome After “Bath Salts” Use: A Case Series. Annals of Emergency Medicine. Lindsay L, White ML. Herbal Marijuana Alternatives and Bath Salts “Barely Legal” Toxic Highs. Clinical Pediatric Emergency Medicine. 2012;13:283-91. Parsons J. No quick fix for legal highs. Addiction. 2012;107:2053-4. Prioleau C. Synthetic Cathinones and the Extent of Their Abuse in the United States. Biological Psychiatry. 2012;71:10S-1S. Rojek S, Klys M, Strona M, Maciow M, Kula K. Legal highs’Toxicity in the clinical and medico-legal aspect as exemplified by suicide with bk-MBDB administration. Forensic Science International. 2012;222:e1-e6. Ross EA, Reisfield GM, Watson MC, Chronister CW, Goldberger BA. Psychoactive “Bath Salts” Intoxication with Methylenedioxypyrovalerone. The American Journal of Medicine. 2012;125:854-8. Seetohul LN, Maskell PD, De Paoli G, Pounder DJ. DESIGNER DRUGS Deaths associated with new designer drug 5-IT. British Medical Journal. 2012;345. Thomas BF, Pollard GT, Grabenauer M. Analytical surveillance of emerging drugs of abuse and drug formulations. Life Sciences. 2013; in press Van Hout MC, Bingham T. ‘A Costly Turn On’: Patterns of use and perceived consequences of mephedrone based head shop products amongst Irish injectors. International Journal of Drug Policy. 2012;23:188-97. Vandrey R, Dunn KE, Fry JA, Girling ER. A survey study to characterize use of Spice products (synthetic cannabinoids). Drug and Alcohol Dependence. 2012;120:238-41. Winder GS, Stern N, Hosanagar A. Are ‘Bath Salts’ the next generation of abuse? Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment. 2013;44:42-5.