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Bivalvia from the English Lower Oxford Clay (Middle Jurassic)

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Bivalvia from the English Lower Oxford Clay (Middle Jurassic) BIVALVIA FROM THE ENGLISH LOWER OXFORD CLAY (MIDDLE JURASSIC) K. L. DUFF PALAEONTOGRAPHICAL SOCIETY December 1978 PALAEONTOGRAPHICAL SOCIETY MONOGRAPHS BIVALVIA FROM THE ENGLISH LOWER OXFORD CLAY (MIDDLE JURASSIC) K. L. DUFF Pages 1-137: Plates 1-13 ©THE PALAEONTOGRAPHICAL SOCIETY • LONDON December 1978 Publication No. 553, issued as part of Volume 132 for 1978 Recommended reference to this publication: DUFF, K. L. 1978. BIVALVIA FROM THE ENGLISH LOWER OXFORD CLAY (MIDDLE JURASSIC). Palaeontogr. Soc. [MonogrJ], 137 PP., 13 PIS. ABSTRACT THE BIVALVE FAUNA OF THE LOWER OXFORD CLAY (CALLOVIAN, MIDDLE JURASSIC) IS DESCRIBED, AND AN OUTLINE OF THE PALAEOAUTECOLOGY OF EACH GENUS IS GIVEN. THE FAUNA COMPRISES 46 SPECIES (6 NEW), ASSIGNED TO 30 GENERA, AND TWO SPECIES CONSIDERED incerlae sedis. THE GENUS Mesosaccella IS TRANSFERRED FROM THE NUCULANIDAE TO THE MALLETIIDAE. IN ADDITION, DETAILED STRATIGRAPHIC DESCRIPTIONS AND MEASURED SECTIONS ARE GIVEN FOR THE FOUR MAIN EXPOSURES OF THE LOWER OXFORD CLAY IN ENGLAND. BIVALVES DE LA LOWER OXFORD CLAY D'ANGLETERRE (JURASSIQUE MOYEN) RESUME LA FAUNE DE BIVALVES DE LA LOWER OXFORD CLAY (CALLOVIAN, JURASSIQUE MOYEN) COM- PREND 46 ESPECES (DONT 6 NOUVELLES) ATTRIBUTES A 30 GENRES. UN APERCU DE LA PALEOAUTE- COLOGIE DE CHAQUE GENRE EST DONNE. UNE DESCRIPTION STRATIGRAPHIQUE DETAILLEE AVEC DES SECTIONS MESUREES POUR LES QUATRE PRINCIPAUX AFFLEUREMENTS DE LA LOWER OXFORD CLAY D'ANGLETERRE COMPLETENT L'ENSEMBLE. MUSCHELN AUS DEM ENGLISCHEN UNTEROXFORD-TON (MITTLERER JURA) ZUSAMMENFASSUNG DIE MUSCHELFAUNA DES UNTEROXFORD-TONS (CALLOV, MITTLERER JURA) ENTHALT 46 ARTEN (6 NEU), DIE 30 GATTUNGEN ZUGEWIESEN WERDEN. FUR JEDE GATTUNG WIRD EINE UBERSICHT IIBER DIE PALAOAUTOKOLOGIE GEGEBEN. FIIR DIE VIER HAUPTSACHLICHEN AUFSCHLIISSE DES UNTER­ OXFORD-TONS IN ENGLAND WERDEN DETAILLIERTE STRATIGRAPHISCHE BESCHREIBUNGEN UND GEMES- SENE PROFILE BEIGEFIIGT. HUVTTHOPKII H3 IIIIIHHCII OKRIPOP^CKNII RJIINIU (CPEAIINN WPA) AIIR.IINI. PE3I0MK ONIICAMIC .MYCTIIOPOK LLII;IMEII OKCIJIOP^CKOII FJIUUU (KMIOUCM, CPE^IUIFI WPA) III;.NIO>IAOT 4G NII;TON (G IIOUUX), ONIECCIMUX K ;10 PO,T,A.\I. ^.NI KAIK^ORO POFLA KPAIKO ^AWRCJI NAJIPOOKO.IORII'IECKIIC OCOOEIMOCNI. B PAOCITY MIJIRO'IEIIU ^CTA.IBIIOE CTPATIIRPA$IIHCCKOC OIIIICAIUIO IIAYICIIIMX PA3PC30B NO 'LETTIPEU OCHOBIIIJM OONAIKEMIFLM ILNWIIEIT OKC$OPACKOIT r.IIIIIU B AIIR.IINI. Made and printed in Great Britain Adlard & Son Ltd., Bartholomew Press, Dorking BIVALVIA FROM THE ENGLISH LOWER OXFORD CLAY (MIDDLE JURASSIC) CONTENTS INTRODUCTION AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS PREVIOUS RESEARCH STRATIGRAPHY AND LOCALITIES FACIES ANALYSIS OF THE LOWER OXFORD CLAY PRESERVATION CONVENTIONS AND TECHNIQUES BIVALVE AUTECOLOGY SYSTEMATIC DESCRIPTIONS Order Nuculoida Nuculidae. .... .... Malletiidae .... .... Order Solemyoida Solemyidae Order Arcoida Parallelodontidae Order Mytiloida Mytilidae Pinnidae Order Pterioida Pteriidae Inoceramidae Posidoniidae Oxytomidae Entoliidae Pectinidae.. Plicatulidae Gryphaeidae Order Trigonioida Trigoniidae Order Veneroida Lucinidae Astartidae Cardiidae Arcticidae Order Myoida Corbulidae ...... .... Order Pholadomyoida Pleuromyidae Thraciidae Incertae sedis REFERENCES INDEX 2 LOWER OXFORD CLAY BIVALVES INTRODUCTION AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The bivalve faunas of much of the British Middle and Upper Jurassic are well known, due to the monographs of Morris & Lycett (1853-55) and Lycett (1863) on Great Oolite bivalves, Lycett (1872-79) on Trigoniidae, Blake (1905-07) on the Cornbrash fauna, and Arkell (1929-37) on the bivalves of the Corallian Beds. However the Oxford Clay has very poorly documented bivalve faunas, in spite of the abundance of molluscan remains. In the course of studies on the palaeo- ecology of the Lower Oxford Clay (Middle Callovian) of England, the need for systematic accounts of its faunas became apparent. Accordingly, large collections have been made from the British Oxford Clay; these, and collections housed in the major museums, make up the material described here. Fossils are abundant throughout the Lower Oxford Clay. Molluscs dominate the fauna, which is discussed in general terms in the section on previous work. Preservation is variable, but usually very good, the shell often being preserved unchanged; the abundance of well-preserved specimens allows variation studies to be made. There is some overlap with the faunas of both the Great Oolite beneath, and the Corallian Beds above; as monographs exist for the bivalves of both those formations, the species in question are treated in brief. In the few cases where Bathonian species persist into the Oxford Clay, it has been necessary to redescribe and discuss them as there has been no adequate study of British Bathonian bivalves. This causes the present work to overlap with those of Morris & Lycett (1853- 55) and Lycett (1863; 1872-79). There is greater overlap with the bivalve fauna of the Corallian Beds (Arkell 1929-37). In order to bring the species in question (about 10) in line with the others considered here, and in view of his sometimes scant descriptions, the diagnosis and description are given in detail, while the discussions complement those of Arkell, except on points of contention, which are considered more fully. In synonymies of species described by Arkell, only the first and subsequent important British records are given here, together with records post-dating Arkell's work. The synonymies of species not discussed by Arkell are given in full, the British figured and cited specimens having been examined where available. In the case of foreign species and records, the type specimens, or photographs of them, have been examined where possible. Most of the work for this monograph was undertaken during the tenure of a Natural Environ­ ment Research Council Studentship in the Department of Geology, Leicester University. I am especially grateful to my supervisor, Dr J. D. Hudson, for offering invaluable suggestions on many aspects of the work. I am grateful to the late Professor P. C. Sylvester-Bradley for the use of depart­ mental facilities, and for stimulating discussion, particularly of the oysters. I thank the London Brick Company and their Chief Geologist Mr J. L. Horrell for allowing me unrestricted access to their pits throughout the period of my research. I thank the curators of the following institutions from whom I have borrowed specimens (abbreviated prefixes of specimen numbers given in brackets): British Museum (Natural History) (BM); Bristol City Museum (BCM); Leicester City Museum (CML); Institute of Geological Sciences, London (GSM); Laboratoire Paleontologique du Musee National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MHNP); Oxford University Museum (OUM); Roemer Museum, Hildesheim (RMH); Sedgwick Museum, Cambridge (SM); Bristol University (UB); Leicester University (UL); Yorkshire Museum, York (YM). I am grateful for discussion and correspondence with: Dr R. M. Sykes, Dr J. H. Callomon, Mr C. P. Palmer and Mr R. V. Melville; Dr S. R. A. Kelly kindly provided translations from the Russian. I acknowledge a grant from the Bulman fund made available by the Council of the Palaeontographical Society for help with preparation of the text-figures. Sincere thanks to my wife for typing the manuscript and for help with preparation of the plates. INTRODUCTION 3 TABLE 1. The Zones of the Callovian and Lower Oxfordian. After Callornon (1968), with modifications by Duff (in press). STAGE ZONE SUBZONE DIVISION C. cordatum Cardioceras cordatum C. costicardia Z 1IDDCD , URRTN R C. bukowskii OXFORD OWE ORDI CLAY _I F C. praecordatum OX Quenstedtoceras mariae C. scarburgense Q. lamberti Quenstedtoceras lamberti MIDDLE Q. henrici OXFORD R CLAY K.(Kosmoceras) spinosum JPPE —I Peltoceras K. (Lobokosmokeras) proniae athleta K. (L.) phaeinum K. (Zugokosmokeras) grossouvrei Erymnoceras N coronatum K. (Z.) obductum LOWER E VIA )L OXFORD I O CLAY K.(Gulielmites) jason MID Kosmoceras ALL O jason K. (G.) medea S. (Catasigaloceras) enodatum Sigaloceras S. calloviense calloviense KELLAWAYS F ROCK Proplanulites koenigi LOWE KELLAWAYS M. (Kamptokephalites) kamptus Macrocephalites CLAY macrocephalus UPPER M. (M.) macrocephalus CORNBRASH 4 LOWER OXFORD CLAY BIVALVES PREVIOUS RESEARCH Early workers on the fauna and stratigraphy of the British Jurassic figured many fossils from the Oxford Clay (Phillips 1829, J. Sowerby 1812-23 and J. de C. Sowerby 1823-29). The status of the Oxford Clay within the Jurassic, and its local stratigraphy, were discussed at length by Woodward (1895), Brinkmann (1929), Arkell (1933a) and Callomon (1955, 1968); these works, together with those of Buckman (1913), Morley Davies (1916) and Neaverson (1925), attempted to fit the Oxford Clay into the standard system of Jurassic zones. The zonal sequence for the Callovian used here (Table 1), is that ratified by the International Geological Congress at their Luxembourg colloquium of 1962 (Callomon 1964, p. 288), with new subzones for the athleta Zone as introduced by Duff (in Torrens, in press). In addition to the rich bivalve fauna of the Lower Oxford Clay, there is an abundant inverte­ brate fauna (listed by Duff 1975, p. 446), most of which was described in the nineteenth century. The most common associates of the bivalves are ammonites, mainly belonging to the Kosmocera- tidae (Buckman 1909-30; Brinkmann 1929a; Callomon 1955; Tintant 1963), although Hecti- coceratidae (Pratt 1841; Zeiss 1956), Pachyceratidae (Morris 1850), and some Perisphinctidae transitional to Peltoceras (Pratt 1841; Mangold 1970) become locally abundant in the coronation
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