Indica Machost "Float like a butterfly, sting like a bee" A man who broke racial and religious barriers, Muhammad Ali: Bibliography Primary Sources 1. Ali, Muhammad, and Richard Durham. The Greatest: My Own Story. Ballantine Books, ​ ​ 1976. ○ This book allowed me to see a world renowned athlete’s biggest moments from his perspective. It also shows the little moments that left a big impact on the trajectory of his life. 2. Ali, Muhammad, and Hana Ali. The Soul of a Butterfly: Reflections on Life's Journey. ​ ​ Thorndike Press, 2005. ○ Another book by Ali, more poetically written and acts as an example of his ability as an artist to write a more artful observation of his life. It is more retrospective than his autobiography because it is written even later in life. 3. “Heavyweight Champion Muhammad Ali Stands over Sonny Liston and Taunts... News Photo.” Getty Images, ​ ​ www.gettyimages.com/photos/muhammad-ali?family=editorial&sort=mostpopular&phra se=muhammad+ali. ​ ○ This image along with others like it, showed the playful and competitive nature of Ali when it came to boxing. It also provided me with a diverse range of Ali photos. 4. “Interview with Muhammad Ali.” Home - Washington University Digital Gateway, ​ ​ Washington University in St. Louis, digital.wustl.edu/e/eii/eiiweb/ali5427.0743.004marc_record_interviewer_process.html. ○ This allowed me to see Ali in a light of spontaneity as he had no time to prepare answers for the questions, so it acts as a true testimony to his character. 5. Lee, Karen. “Muhammad Ali - Topics on Newspapers.com.” Topics, 8 Jan. 2019, ​ ​ www.newspapers.com/topics/famous-people/muhammad-ali/. ​ ○ This source provided me with over 15 newspapers written during Ali’s lifetime and gave me the perspective of the media about Ali. 6. “Cassius Clay (Muhammad Ali) Wins Heavyweight Boxing Championship.” The Detroit ​ Free Press, 1964. ​ ○ This is an article from Ali’s first taste of fame and victory. Here is where he began to make a name for himself in the boxing world. 7. “Cassius Clay Makes First Appearance on Amateur Boxing TV Program.” The Courier, ​ ​ 1954. ○ This is a media account of Ali’s first personal experience with media coverage. 8. “Cassius Clay (Muhammad Ali) becomes national light-heavyweight national champion at Golden Gloves at age 16.” The Courier, 1959 ​ ​ ○ This was the account of the next triumph in Ali’s career and allowed him admittance in the Olympics. 9. “Cassius Clay wins boxing gold medal at 1960 Olympics in Rome in light heavyweight ​ division” Messenger-Inquirer,1960 ​ ​ ○ This was Ali’s first truly admiral win that caught a lot of media attention because he represented America and triumphed. 10. Cassius Clay signs recording contract for spoken word music album called "I Am the Greatest"Hattiesburg American. 1963 ​ ​ ○ This showed one example of Ali’s involvement in other endeavor’s aside from his boxing career and allowed me to see all of Ali’s public talents. 11. Cassius Clay's opinions about Black Muslims and racial integration in The ​ Courier-Journal, 1964 ​ ○ This is an account of Ali’s affiliation with the Nation of Islam and tested the waters of what his sentiments were to the movement. 12. “1966 op-ed defending Muhammad Ali's right to appeal his re-classified draft status”· ​ The Courier, 1966 ​ ○ This is a publicly recorded representation of Ali’s reasoning behind his draft resistance. 13. “Op-ed saying that Muhammad Ali's refusal to enter military service is ‘misguided’" The ​ ​ Danville Register, 1967 ​ ○ This showed another view of Ali’s draft resistance and it gave a well-rounded impression of all of the views surrounding the draft. 14. “Muhammad Ali is stripped of his heavyweight boxing title for refusing to serve in the ​ military” Asheville Citizen-Times, 1967 ​ ​ ○ This was an unsentimental coverage of Ali’s loss in his title and his license and helped to fill in gaps that may occur in those favoring Ali. 15. “Newspaper report on the beginning of Muhammad Ali's trial for refusing to be inducted ​ into military”The Times, 1967 ​ ​ ○ This was one of many newspapers covering this topic and showed how much Ali’s decision pushed the boundaries of acceptable actions from African-American athletes. 16. "’New Life for Clay’: Feature on Muhammad Ali's life during his forced break from boxing”The Palm Beach Post, 1969 ​ ​ ○ This was an informative mourning at the loss Ali received to his career when this decision was made. 17. “Joe Frazier defeats Muhammad Ali in 1971 ‘Fight of the Century"’ The Montana ​ ​ Standard, 1971 ​ ○ This was the first of many shared sadnesses that the nation would endure when sympathizing with Ali’ and showed the nation’s concern with his career. 18. “Supreme Court clears Muhammad Ali of draft evasion charges” Statesman Journal. ​ ​ ​ 1971 ○ This was a big turning point in Ali’s resistance because he had a small victory in court for standing up for his beliefs and showed it was possible to make a change as a black athlete. 19. “Newspaper coverage of the ‘Thrilla in Manila’ Fight between Muhammad Ali and Joe ​ Frazier in 1975” The Philadelphia Inquirer, 1975 ​ ​ ○ This fight and it’s coverage showed Ali’s triumphant return to victory and many supporters were overjoyed with the outcome. 20. “Muhammad Ali carries Olympic torch in Kentucky for 1984 Olympics” ​ Messenger-Inquirer, 1984 ​ ​ ○ This showed how much respect America had for the amazing athlete to represent the country for the second time in the olympic competition. 21. “Muhammad Ali is diagnosed with Parkinson's Disease in 1984” The Daily Spectrum, ​ ​ ​ 1984 ○ The diagnosis showed how much people cared about Ali and his career and was a sad day for many Americans including Ali himself because the disease took much of what defined him as a person. 22. 2016 obituary: "Muhammad Ali dies at age 74" Pacific Daily News, 2016 ​ ​ ○ This obituary helped me to see what points of Ali’s life mattered most and what he would most be remembered for. 23. "Prayer service for Muhammad Ali draws mourners from around globe" The ​ Courier-Journal, 2016 ​ ○ This was a representation of the profound mourning experienced by the world at the loss of this hero, athlete, and activist. 24. “Remarks of mayor of Louisville, Kentucky, on the death of Muhammad Ali in 2016 ​ “The Courier-Journal, 2016 ​ ​ ○ This allowed me to see how the public truly felt about Ali and the impact of his life on others. 25. “Muhammad Ali vs. Sonny Liston | 100 Photographs | The Most Influential Images of All Time.” Time, Time, 100photos.time.com/photos/neil-leifer-muhammad-ali-sonny-liston. ​ ​ ○ This many pictures painted a still, but riveting story of Ali’s biggest moments through pictures. Secondary Sources 26. “444 Days: Selected Records Concerning the Iran Hostage Crisis 1979-1981.” National ​ Archives and Records Administration, National Archives and Records Administration, ​ www.archives.gov/research/foreign-policy/iran-hostage-crisis. ​ ○ This source gave me background knowledge for the Iran Hostage Crisis in order to realize the impact Ali made by speaking with Hussein. 27. “Cassius Marsellus CLAY, Jr. Also Known as Muhammad Ali, Petitioner, v. UNITED STATES.” Legal Information Institute, Legal Information Institute, ​ ​ www.law.cornell.edu/supremecourt/text/403/698. ​ ○ This law journal gave me unbiased opinions of the Ali v US court case and the events that took place. 28. “LCA Files Comments with Library of Congress Regarding 1201 NOI.” Association of ​ Research Libraries, ​ www.arl.org/resources/lca-files-comments-with-library-of-congress-regarding-1201-noi/. ​ ○ This gave me a different perspective of the NOI and how it was viewed by the public. 29. “Muhammad Ali.” The Library of Congress, www.loc.gov/item/2014668874/. ​ ​ ​ ​ ○ This gave me a general, impersonal, and chronological description of Ali’s life. 30. “Muhammad Ali.” National Archives and Records Administration, National Archives ​ ​ and Records Administration, www.archives.gov/research/african-americans/individuals/muhammad-ali. ​ ○ This gave me another source on the events of Ali’s life for fact-checking purposes. 31. “Parkinson's Disease.” National Institute on Aging, U.S. Department of Health and ​ ​ Human Services, www.nia.nih.gov/health/parkinsons-disease. ​ ​ ○ This source helped me to understand the severity of Parkinson’s disease and the effects on the mind and body. 32. Patrick, Andrew. “Smoketown.” ExploreKYHistory, ​ ​ explorekyhistory.ky.gov/items/show/821. ○ This allowed me to examine the history of the town in which Ali grew up, so I could better gauge his childhood there. 33. “Presidential Medal of Freedom.” The White House, The United States Government, ​ ​ www.whitehouse.gov/medaloffreedom/. ​ ○ This helped me to see what acts Ali did that the government was willing to formally acknowledge with the medal. 34. “The Civil Rights Era.” African American Odyssey: The Civil Rights Era (Part 1), ​ ​ memory.loc.gov/ammem/aaohtml/exhibit/aopart9.html. ○ This gave me background knowledge of the civil rights for historical context. 35. “The Nation of Islam Official Website.” NOI.org Official Website, www.noi.org/. ​ ​ ​ ​ ○ This website gave me the NOI’s perspective on America and what drew Ali to the church and the movement. 36. “UMBC Center For History Education: Teaching American History Lesson Plans.” Center for History Education Online Lessons, ​ www.umbc.edu/che/tahlessons/lessondisplay.php?lesson=70. ​ ○ This was another overview of civil rights to fact-check my background knowledge. .