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Hydrobiological Assessment of the Zambezi River System: a Review
WORKING PAPER HYDROBIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF THE ZAMBEZI RWER SYSTEM: A REVIEW September 1988 W P-88-089 lnlernai~onallnsl~iule for Appl~rdSysiems Analysis HYDROBIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF THE ZAMBEZI RIVER SYSTEM: A REVIEW September 1988 W P-88-089 Working Papers are interim reports on work of the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis and have received only limited review. Views or opinions expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of the Institute or of its National Member Organizations. INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR APPLIED SYSTEMS ANALYSIS A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria One of the Lmporhnt Projects within the Environment Program is that entitled: De- *on apport *stems jbr Mancrgfnq Lurge Intemartiorrcrl Rivers. Funded by the Ford Foundation, UNEP, and CNRS France, the Project includes two case stu- dies focused on the Danube and the Zambezi river basins. The author of this report, Dr. G. Pinay, joined IIASA in February 1987 after completing his PhD at the Centre dSEmlogie des Ressources Renouvelables in Toulouse. Dr. Pinny was assigned the task of reviewing the published literature on water management issues in the Zambezi river basin, and related ecological ques- tions. At the outset, I thought that a literature review on the Zambezi river basin would be a rather slim report. I am therefore greatly impressed with this Working Paper, which includes a large number of references but more importantly, syn- thesizes the various studies and provides the scientific basis for investigating a very complex set of management issues. Dr. Pinay's review will be a basic refer- ence for further water management studies in the Zambezi river basin. -
Understanding Regional Effects on Climate Change and Multidisciplinary Approarch for Coping Strategies - Case Study at Rural Village in Sub-Saharan Africa
The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Volume XLII-3, 2018 ISPRS TC III Mid-term Symposium “Developments, Technologies and Applications in Remote Sensing”, 7–10 May, Beijing, China UNDERSTANDING REGIONAL EFFECTS ON CLIMATE CHANGE AND MULTIDISCIPLINARY APPROARCH FOR COPING STRATEGIES - CASE STUDY AT RURAL VILLAGE IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA - M. Yoshimura 1, , M. Yamashita2 1 PASCO Corporation, PASCO Research Institute, 2-8-10 Higashiyama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan - [email protected] 2 Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture and Women's Future Developing Organization, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan [email protected] Commission III, WG III/10 KEY WORDS: climate change, shock, vulnerability, coping strategies, resilience, diversity ABSTRACT: This paper describes on understanding the regional effects on global climate change and subsistence farmers’ coping strategies through our field investigation and multidimensional data analysis from the resilience point of view. The major research question of this study is to understand what actions villagers took as the coping strategy against the heavy rainfall shock caused by climate change. Our research interest is how geospatial information technique can contribute to this research question. The study area is located in Sinazongwe district, Southern province of Zambia. As for the field investigation, we set the study sites A, B and C where are located in the lower terrace, middle escarpment and upper terrace, respectively. In the rainy season of 2007/2008, our study site had a heavy rainfall and many crop fields were damaged. In this crop year, the annual rainfalls in site A and C were 1442mm/year and 1332mm/year respectively. -
Somalia 2020 Post Deyr Seasonal Food Security and Nutrition
Somalia 2020 Post Deyr Food Security and Nutrition Outcomes and Projections A Virtual Briefing for All Stakeholders 4 February 2021 Funding for the 2020 Post FSNAU Donors Deyr Assessments and subsequent IPC analyses was provided by: 2020 Post-Deyr Assessment, Analysis and Vetting Process Planning, assessment, analysis and vetting of the results were conducted in collaboration with government, UN agencies, local and international NGOs and technical partners. • Briefing of partners on 2020 Post Deyr assessment plan • Participation in the 2020 Post Deyr IPC Analysis: and survey protocol – Oct/Nov 2020 • Total number of participants: 103 participants • Regional Planning Workshop/Training for rural food • Government institutions: 33 participants security assessment: Hargeisa, Garowe, Galkacyo, • Federal Government of Somalia Dhusamareb, Beletweyne, Mogadishu, Baidoa, Dollow and • Galmudug Kismayo: Dec 2020 • Hirshabelle • Southwest • Fieldwork (data collection): Nov-Dec 2020 • Jubaland • Puntland • Regional Analyses Workshops: 6-10 January 2021 • Somaliland • IPC Analyses Workshops and Technical Vetting: 11-19 Jan • NGOs/INGOs: 25 participants • Local Universities (Puntland State University): 2 • Technical Briefing for Government (virtual): 1 Feb participants • Technical partners (FEWS NET, IPC GSU and): 5 • Briefing for UN Heads of Humanitarian Agencies (virtual): 2 participants Feb • UN (FAO/FSNAU, WFP and UNICEF): 35 participants • Briefing for Senior Government Officials: (virtual): 3 Feb • Food Security and Nutrition Clusters - 3 • Final Dissemination to All Stakeholders (virtual): 4 Feb 2020 Deyr Season Rainfall and Temperature Forecast Oct-Dec 2020 Rainfall Outlook Oct-Dec 2020 Temperature Outlook • Forecast issued by the Greater (Probabilistic Forecast) (Probabilistic Forecast) Horn of Africa Climate Outlook Forum (GHACOF56) through IGAD/ICPAC in late August 2020 indicated a greater likelihood of below normal to normal Deyr season (Oct-Dec 2020) rainfall in most parts of Somalia and average to below average rainfall in northeast regions. -
(SOYDA). Monthly Progressive Narrative Report. February 2021
Somali Young Doctors Association (SOYDA). Monthly Progressive Narrative Report. February 2021. 1. Background and Humanitarian needs Somalia continued to face multiple threats, including the COVID-19 pand emic, Desert Locusts and poor rains from the Deyr season. In the north of the country, the situation was further aggravated by unprecedented rainfall and strong-winds from Cyclone Gati in November, which caused flash floods resulting in crop, livestock and property losses, particularly in Iskushuban district of Bari region. Approximately 120,000 people were affected, including the displacement of around 42,100 people. Food insecurity is expected to worsen in 2021 across Somalia, driven by the effects of localized floods, below-average rainfall and a worsening Desert Locust infestation. In the absence of humanitarian assistance, over 2.7 million people are expected to face crisis or emergency levels of food insecurity by mid-2021, according to the findings of the 2020 post-Deyr seasonal food security and nutrition assessment. An additional 2.9 million people are expected to be under food stress, bringing the total number of people facing acute food insecurity to 5.6 million. Approximately 840,000 children under the age of 5 are likely to be acutely malnourished, including nearly 143,000 who are likely to be severely malnourished. While large-scale humanitarian food assistance and government support since July 2020 is likely to have mitigated the magnitude and severity of food insecurity, the situation is expected to deteriorate towards mid-year among poor rural, urban and displaced populations. The situation will likely be exacerbated by erratic weather patterns which are expected to continue in 2021, including La Niña in the first quarter of the year, with drought conditions forecast due to a harsh Jilaal dry season (January-March 2021) and possible delayed or poor Gu rains (April-June 2021). -
The Implications of Climate Variability and Change on Rural Household Food Security in Zambia: Experiences from Choma District, Southern Province
THE IMPLICATIONS OF CLIMATE VARIABILITY AND CHANGE ON RURAL HOUSEHOLD FOOD SECURITY IN ZAMBIA: EXPERIENCES FROM CHOMA DISTRICT, SOUTHERN PROVINCE. BY PALIJAH SIANUNGU C50/74730/2014 A research project submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Environmental Planning and Management in the Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, Faculty of Arts, University of Nairobi. NOVEMBER 2015 DECLARATION This research project is my own original work and has not been presented for award of degree in any other university. Signature______________________________Date_____________________________ PALIJAH SIANUNGU (Candidate) This project has been submitted with our approval as university supervisors. Signature______________________________Date______________________________ DR ALICE O. ODINGO (Lecturer) Signature______________________________Date_______________________________ DR BORNIFACE N. WAMBUA (Lecturer) ii DEDICATION To my Mum and Dad, young brothers and sisters for being the inspiration behind this work. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am grateful to the almighty God for making everything possible for me to do this work. I also give credit to my supervisors, Dr Alice Odingo and Dr Boniface Wambua for their guidance and for being always available for consultation and giving their feedback promptly despite their busy schedules. I also thank, Dr Isaiah Nyandega for his assistance during my data analysis. I am as well immensely indebted to all my classmates who contributed directly or indirectly to this work. Finally, am deeply indebted to my Mum and Dad, brothers Chimuka, Mutale and Bupe and sisters Mwansa and Linda for the financial and moral support as well as for their prayers during this journey. I also thank the lady closest to my heart, Maambo Sejani, for always being there for me every day of this journey. -
CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background to the Study Climate Variability Has Been One of the Major Issues of the 21St Century. I
CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background to the Study Climate variability has been one of the major issues of the 21st century. In fact, its importance keeps on increasing with the realization that its impacts cut across all sectors of a country’s economy. Hence it should not only be looked at just as an environmental issue but also a developmental issue. Presently the scientific consensus on climate change is that human activity is very likely the cause for the increase in global average temperatures over the past several decades (IPCC, 2001) . However, it is important to note that the subject of climate change is a complex one with a lot of uncertainties and a lot of researches are still being conducted among both the proponents and critics of climate change. The increased Green House Gases (GHGs) in the atmosphere has been cause for increased global climatic variations. Global atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide have increased markedly as a result of human activities since 1750 A.D and now far exceed pre-industrial values determined from ice cores spanning many thousands of years. The global increases in carbon dioxide concentration are due primarily to fossil fuel use and land use change, while those of methane and nitrous oxide are primarily due to agriculture (Ibid). In Zambia, recent decades have seen an increase in intensity and frequency of floods and droughts (GRZ, 2010). Currently, global temperatures are estimated to be about 0.8ºC above the preindustrial levels (The World Bank, 2010). In fact, the six warmest years in recent decades in Southern Africa have all occurred since 1980 (Yanda and Mubaya, 2011). -
Somalia Humanitarian Bulletin, November 2020
SOMALIA HUMANITARIAN BULLETIN November 2020 HIGHLIGHTS • Cyclone Gati has aggravated the humanitarian situation in Puntland. The cyclone affected nearly 200,000 people, of whom 42,000 were displaced by associated rainfall. • Despite an increasing humanitarian caseload, transport access in some parts of the country remains a challenge. • FAO warns of a spread of the desert locust infestation to the southern parts of the country as widespread hatching and hopper growth continue. • Funding per sector remains disproportionate; more than half of the clusters have received less than 35 per cent of required funding. • Multi-purpose cash grants are changing the lives of the IDPs in South Gaalkacyo. A flooded house in Hafuun district, Puntland. Photo: FAO KEY FIGURES 5.2M 2.6M 73K 2.1M 25 People in need of People displaced by conflict People affected by Deyr People food insecure Children infected by humanitarian and natural disasters as of floods since October 2020 through December, polio in 2020 assistance October 2020 including 849,000 acutely malnourished children SITUATION OVERVIEW Tropical Cyclone Gati aggravates humanitarian situation in Puntland The humanitarian situation in Somalia has been aggravated by Cyclone Gati which made landfall in Bari region, Puntland on 22 November. Moderate to heavy rainfall associated with the cyclone together with some heavy storms affected nearly 200,000 people, including 42,000 displaced mainly in Iskushuban district. The cyclone caused the death of nine people and disrupted livelihoods by destroying fishing gear, killing livestock, and flooding agricultural land and crops. The storm came against the backdrop of the triple threat of the COVID-19 pandemic, floods and an unprecedented desert locust upsurge which further deepened overall food insecurity within the country. -
Smallholder Farmers' Responses to Rainfall Variability and Soil Fertility
Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 6, No. 6; 2014 ISSN 1916-9752 E-ISSN 1916-9760 Published by Canadian Center of Science and Education Smallholder Farmers’ Responses to Rainfall Variability and Soil Fertility Problems by the Use of Indigenous Knowledge in Chipepo, Southern Zambia Kabwe Harnadih Mubanga1,2 & Bridget Bwalya Umar2 1 Department of Geography, Centre for Environmental Studies, The University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa 2 Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia Correspondence: Kabwe Harnadih Mubanga, Department of Geography, Centre for Environmental Studies, The University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa. E-mail: [email protected] Received: February 8, 2014 Accepted: March 28, 2014 Online Published: May 15, 2014 doi:10.5539/jas.v6n6p75 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v6n6p75 Abstract The study conducted in Southern Zambia investigated smallholder farmers’ use of indigenous knowledge to respond to rainfall variations and soil fertility problems. Farmer and key informant interviews and observations were employed to collect data. A total of 60 smallholder farmers and 6 key informants were interviewed. Chipepo lies in the low rainfall region of Zambia. Its upland area faces moisture stress and soil fertility problems compared to its valley areas located along tributaries of the Zambezi River. The annual flooding of the tributaries of the Zambezi River along the valley fields results in loss of crop yields. Farmers have responded to problems of low moisture in the upland fields and too much moisture in the river valley fields through crop diversification concentrated on three main food crops namely; maize, sorghum and bulrush millet. -
Health Emergency Programme Update – Somalia November and December 2020
November 2020 & December Health Emergency Programme Update – Somalia © WHO KEY HEALTH INDICATORS – October 2020 HIGHLIGHTS. 130 Health cluster partners 3.15 million People in need of health care • ALERTS: 2487 alerts of epidemic-prone diseases were reported through the EWARN system in HEALTH NEEDS AND PROVISION November and December 2020. The top three leading alerts were for suspected AWD/cholera • 2.4 million people internally displaced of which (60%), suspected measles (30%) and malaria 1.8 million require humanitarian assistance (10%) - with most cases located in drought and • 681 000 drought-affected people in six states and flood affected districts Banadir in October 2020 • 1 consultations per person per year (as • COVID-19: In November and December 2020, compared to OCHA standard of 1 new visit/ the MoH with support from WHO tested 40 698 person per year) suspected cases of COVID-19, of which 626 cases were laboratory-confirmed. There were also 432 DISEASE BURDEN INDICATORS recoveries and 26 deaths associated with the • 1460 alerts of epidemic prone diseases detected virus. Since the onset of the outbreak in Somalia, by 696 health facilities registered with EWARN in there have been 5151 laboratory-confirmed cases November and December 2020 of COVID-19 including 145 associated deaths. The • MCV1 coverage rate of 72% (37292 out of 51 688 median age amongst confirmed cases is 33 years infants under the age of 1) as of December 2020 and 76% of the cases have been male. • OPV-3 coverage rate of 77% (39 843 out of 51 688 • OUTREACH HEALTH SERVICES: WHO has con- infants under the age of 1 year) as of December 2020 tinued to support the Ministry of Health in deliv- ering emergency health services to hard-to-reach FUNDING (US$) communities and IDP populations in Hudur district 8.3 million Required for WHO’s health through outreach activities. -
November,2020 INDIA-EUROPEAN UNION COUNTER TERRORISM DIALOGUE
INDIA-EUROPEAN UNION COUNTER TERRORISM DIALOGUE GS-III | 05 November,2020 INDIA-EUROPEAN UNION COUNTER TERRORISM DIALOGUE India and European Union held Counter Terrorism Dialogue. Highlights The dialogue reviewed threats posed by UN-sanctioned terrorist entities. India and European Union are to soon conclude the Free Trade Agreement. During the dialogue, European Union stressed to increase India’s investments in the field of Green Energy. India-European Union European Union is the largest trading partner of India. The EU accounts to 12.5% of overall trade between India and European Union. About Copernicus space Programme of EU It is an Earth Observation Programme of the European Union. Under the programme, European Union provides data and information free of cost. Source: PIB Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org) 1 / 123 INDIA-EUROPEAN UNION COUNTER TERRORISM DIALOGUE GS-III | 05 November,2020 INDIA-EUROPEAN UNION COUNTER TERRORISM DIALOGUE India and European Union held Counter Terrorism Dialogue. Highlights The dialogue reviewed threats posed by UN-sanctioned terrorist entities. India and European Union are to soon conclude the Free Trade Agreement. During the dialogue, European Union stressed to increase India’s investments in the field of Green Energy. India-European Union European Union is the largest trading partner of India. The EU accounts to 12.5% of overall trade between India and European Union. About Copernicus space Programme of EU It is an Earth Observation Programme of the European Union. Under the programme, European Union provides data and information free of cost. Source: PIB Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org) 2 / 123 BULK DRUG PARK - HIMACHAL PRADESH GS-III | 10 November,2020 BULK DRUG PARK - HIMACHAL PRADESH What are bulk drugs or APIs? A bulk drug is also called an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API). -
Somalia: Tropical Cyclone GATI
P a g e | 1 Emergency Plan of Action (EPoA) Somalia: Tropical Cyclone GATI DREF Operation MDRSO010 Glide n°: TC-2020-000232-SOM Date of issue: 03/12/2020 Expected timeframe: 3 months Expected end date: 28/02/2021 Category allocated to the of the disaster or crisis: Yellow DREF allocated: CHF 136,955 Total number of people affected: 60,000 Number of people to 6,000 (1,000 households) estimated be assisted: Provinces affected: Puntland Provinces/Regions Bosaso, Harfun and targeted: Qandala Host National Society presence: Somali Red Crescent Society (SRCS) has a Liaison Office in Nairobi where the National Society President sits with a small team. In addition, SRCS has two Coordination Offices in-country, one in Mogadishu and one in Hargeisa each managed by an Executive Director. Puntland, and its 13 branches, comes under the Coordination office in Mogadishu. The cyclone-hit areas of Puntland are under the Bosaso Branch. Red Cross Red Crescent Movement partners actively involved in the operation: IFRC Somalia Country Office. Consultations are ongoing to determine the level of involvement of the ICRC and PNSs. Other partner organizations actively involved in the operation: So far at Coordination level - Humanitarian Affairs and Disaster Management Agency (HADMA), UNOCHA, UNHCR, UNDP, WHO, UNICEF, WFP, FAO DRC, TASS, IRC, NRC, CARE International, Concern Worldwide, Islamic Relief, ADRA, ACF, ECHO, MSF, OIC, EAP <Please click here for the budget and here for the contacts> A. Situation analysis Description of the Disaster On 22 November 2020, Tropical Cyclone (TC) GATI originating from the Bay of Bengal became the strongest ever storm to hit Somalia. -
Climate Variability and Change in Southern Zambia: 1910 to 2009
2014 International Conference on Intelligent Agriculture IPCBEE vol.63 (2014 ) © (2014 ) IACSIT Press, Singapore DOI: 10.7763/IPCBEE. 2014 . V63. 16 Climate Variability and Change in Southern Zambia: 1910 to 2009 Kabwe H. Mubanga1 and Bridget B. Umar2 1The University of Pretoria, Centre for Environmental Studies, Private Bag 20X, Hatfield, Pretoria 2Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, School of Natural Sciences, The University of Zambia, Box 32379, Lusaka Abstract. This study conducted in Southern Zambia assessed climatic variability in the region for the purpose of determining occurrence of climate change over the past 100 years. It utilized archival and recent rainfall and temperature data for the period 1910 to 2009 and 1945 to 2009, respectively. Variability was assessed by the use of 11-year moving average, Coefficient of Variation. Analysis of Variance helped determine the significance of the observed variability while regression analysis helped determine the rates of temperature and rainfall change. The results of the study show that Southern Zambia has experienced an annual rate of rainfall decrease of 1.10mm which was not statistically significant (p=0.056) and hence does not conclusively prove occurrence of climate change even though variability was apparent. On the other hand, mean temperatures had significantly increased (p=0.001) since 1945 with an annual rate of temperature change of 0.025.AIt was concluded that Southern Zambia has experienced climate change as observed from temperature analysis. However, rainfall changes may not easily be observed as some regions in Southern Zambia may not experience significant variations in long-term rainfall trends. Key Words: Agro-ecological regions, climate change, variability, rainfall variability, southern Zambia, temperature variability.