Body Planes Directions and Cavities
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Anatomical Terminology
Anatomical Terminology Because the unit we are currently studying involves the human body, it is necessary for you to familiarize yourself with some basic anatomical terminology as it relates to the human body. Directional Terms Directional terms describe the positions of structures relative to other structures or locations in the body. Superior or cranial - toward the head end of the body; upper (example, the hand is part of the superior extremity). Inferior or caudal - away from the head; lower (example, the foot is part of the inferior extremity). Anterior or ventral - front (example, the kneecap is located on the anterior side of the leg). Posterior or dorsal - back (example, the shoulder blades are located on the posterior side of the body). Medial - toward the midline of the body (example, the middle toe is located at the medial side of the foot). Lateral - away from the midline of the body (example, the little toe is located at the lateral side of the foot). Proximal - toward or nearest the trunk or the point of origin of a part (example, the proximal end of the femur joins with the pelvic bone). Distal - away from or farthest from the trunk or the point or origin of a part (example, the hand is located at the distal end of the forearm). Planes of the Body Coronal Plane (Frontal Plane) - A vertical plane running from side to side; divides the body or any of its parts into anterior and posterior portions. Sagittal Plane (Lateral Plane) - A vertical plane running from front to back; divides the body or any of its parts into right and left sides. -
Positioning in Radiography Is the Preeminent a Stewart Whitley Text on Positioning Technique for Diagnostic Radiographers
CLARK’S WITH VITALSOURCE® POSITIONING IN EBOOK CLARK’S RADIOGRAPHY thirteenth edition AUTHORS: First published in 1939, Clark’s Positioning in Radiography is the preeminent A Stewart Whitley text on positioning technique for diagnostic radiographers. Radiology Advisor, UK Radiology Advisory Services, Whilst retaining the clear and easy-to-follow structure of the previous edition, Preston, Lancashire, UK the thirteenth edition includes a number of changes and innovations in radiographic technique. The text has been extensively updated, including a new section on evaluating images, The 10-point plan, which is linked throughout to Gail Jefferson Senior Lecturer/Advanced Essential image characteristics for each procedure. The section on digital imaging Practitioner, Department of has been expanded not only to elaborate more extensively on the technology Medical and Sport Sciences, but to demonstrate its various clinical applications. RADIOGRAPHY IN POSITIONING University of Cumbria, New sections also include imaging informatics and its role in the modern world Carlisle, UK of medical imaging, holistic approaches to patient care and discussion of the important aspect of the patient journey. Ken Holmes Radiography Programme Students will also benefit from more detailed reference to positioning errors Leader, Department of Medical and how to avoid mistakes, as well as a greater emphasis on standard radiation and Sport Sciences, University protection measures and guidance on the most recent radiation dose reference of Cumbria, Lancaster, UK levels for specific examinations. Clark’s Positioning in Radiography continues to be the definitive work on Charles Sloane radiographic technique for all students on radiography courses, radiographers in Principal Lecturer, Department practice and trainee radiologists. -
Anatomical Position
IntroductionIntroduction inin humanhuman anatomyanatomy Anatomy • Definition - anatome = up (ana) + cutting (tome) • Disciplines of anatomy – Macroscopic – Microscopic – Developmental – Neuroanatomy • Approach to study of gross anatomy Upper extremity Back Head and neck Thorax Abdomen Pelvis and perineum Lower extremity Basis for Terminology • Terms informative • Nomina anatomica • Use of eponyms Use correct terminology on exams; avoid nonspecific, general terms, like “front,” “up,” and “behind.” DisciplinesDisciplines ofof AnatomyAnatomy •• Gross Gross Anatomy:Anatomy: structuresstructures studiedstudied withwith thethe nakednaked eye.eye. –– Systematic Systematic anatomy:anatomy: organizedorganized byby systems,systems, e.g.,e.g., digestive,digestive, nervous,nervous, endocrine,endocrine, etc.etc. –– Regional Regional anatomy:anatomy: studystudy ofof allall structuresstructures inin anan areaarea ofof thethe body,body, e.g.,e.g., upperupper extremityextremity bones,bones, muscles,muscles, bloodblood vessels,vessels, etc.etc. •• Microscopic Microscopic anatomyanatomy (histology)(histology) •• Cell Cell biologybiology •• Developmental Developmental anatomyanatomy (embryology)(embryology) •• Pathological Pathological anatomyanatomy •• Radiologic Radiologic anatomyanatomy (x-ray,(x-ray, CT,CT, MRI)MRI) •• Other Other areas?areas? (surgery)(surgery) LevelsLevels ofof StructuralStructural OrganizationOrganization •• Biochemical Biochemical (atoms,(atoms, molecules)molecules) •Cellular•Cellular •• Tissue Tissue •Organ•Organ •Organ•Organ systemsystem -
The Language of Anatomy by Prof
The Language Of Anatomy by Prof. Dr. Muhammad Imran Qureshi Anatomy is a descriptive science; therefore, descriptive terminology is a valuable tool to understand the science of Anatomy. Most of the anatomical terms are derived from Greek or Latin, but some of the more recent terms are of German and French origin. A few are also from Arabic origin. Some terms refer to common plants or animals e.g. the term “Vermis” means Worm; “Cochlea” means snail shell; “Cancer” means Crab and “Uvula” means little grape. Interestingly, certain terms suggest war like environment of ancient Greece or Rome. “Thyroid” for example means Shield, “Xyphos” means sword and “Sella” mean Saddle. Some anatomical structures bear the names of persons who discovered or described them for the first time. Such terms are called “Eponyms”. examples are “Scarpa’s Fascia”, “Hunter’s Canal” etc. FRAME OF REFERENCE FOR ANATOMICAL STUDIES Early anatomists faced a great deal of problems in communication. e.g. by just saying “a boil on the back” does not give precise information about its location. In order to solve this problem, the anatomists sat together and devised a frame of reference for anatomical description. This frame of reference is called “The Anatomical Position” Anatomical Position: It is a schematic convention for describing the relative morphology of the human body. All terms in the study of anatomy refer to when the body is in this position. In this position, The Person is oriented: In an erect standing position with head held straight and eyes looking straight forwards; Arms by the sides and palms facing forwards with fingers and thumb extended; Legs approximated and feet directed forward and perpendicular to the body. -
MANUAL LAB ACTIVITY Study Skill & Critical Thinking Universitas Islam
FOR STUDENT MANUAL LAB ACTIVITY Study Skill & Critical Thinking 1st Semester Academic Year 2019/2020 WEEK 2 Introduction to Medical Terminology Basic Medical Terminology & Body of Knowledge Effective Reading, Note Taking, & Mind Mapping Universitas Islam Bandung Faculty of Medicine 2019 Introduction Learning Skills and Critical Thinking Block is the first module in undergraduate medical curriculum of the Faculty of Medicine Unisba and last for 3 weeks. This module aims to enable students to understand the principles of learning of medicine and be able to apply these principles well to be a competent doctor in the future. The learning of this block aims to make students have an understanding of the principles of learning in taking medical education and the principles of scientific methods in gathering information, as well as the skills to use, assess and manage information in a valid and critical manner, the ability to be self-aware, self-development and lifelong learning, as well as the ability to trace and critically examine various scientific information in order to obtain appropriate, trusted and useful learning resources. The Lab Activity Module of learning skills and critical thinking is applied in the first semester with the number of meetings 3 times in 3 weeks and provides some provisions for students to understand the basic medical terms and basic literatures needed in education in the next semester. Learning Outcomes: After completing this lab activity series students can: 1. Know the language structure of medical and health terminology 2. Recognizing basic terms and body of knowledge in medicine and health 3. Knowing the types of literature and their priorities in supporting learning 4. -
The Language of Anatomy
1 The Language of Anatomy MATERIALS OBJECTIVES □ Human torso model (dissectible) 1. Describe the anatomical position, and explain its importance. □ Human skeleton 2. Use proper anatomical terminology to describe body regions, □ Demonstration: sectioned and labeled orientation and direction, and body planes. kidneys [three separate kidneys uncut or cut so that (a) entire, (b) transverse 3. Name the body cavities, and indicate the important organs in each cavity. XERCISE sectional, and (c) longitudinal sectional 4. Name and describe the serous membranes of the ventral body cavities. E views are visible] 5. Identify the abdominopelvic quadrants and regions on a torso model or □ Gelatin-spaghetti molds image. □ Scalpel PRE-LAB QUIZ 1. Circle True or False. In the anatomical position, the body is lying down. 2. Circle the correct underlined term. With regard to surface anatomy, abdominal / axial refers to the structures along the center line of the body. 3. The term superficial refers to a structure that is: a. attached near the trunk of the body c. toward the head b. toward or at the body surface d. toward the midline 4. The _________ plane runs longitudinally and divides the body into right and left parts. a. frontal c. transverse b. sagittal d. ventral 5. Circle the correct underlined terms. The dorsal body cavity can be divided into the cranial / thoracic cavity, which contains the brain, and the sural / vertebral cavity, which contains the spinal cord. ost of us are naturally curious about our bodies. This curiosity is particu- larly evident in infants, who are fascinated with their own waving hands Mor their mother’s nose.