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Positioning in Radiography Is the Preeminent a Stewart Whitley Text on Positioning Technique for Diagnostic Radiographers

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Positioning in Radiography Is the Preeminent a Stewart Whitley Text on Positioning Technique for Diagnostic Radiographers CLARK’S WITH VITALSOURCE® POSITIONING IN EBOOK CLARK’S RADIOGRAPHY thirteenth edition AUTHORS: First published in 1939, Clark’s Positioning in Radiography is the preeminent A Stewart Whitley text on positioning technique for diagnostic radiographers. Radiology Advisor, UK Radiology Advisory Services, Whilst retaining the clear and easy-to-follow structure of the previous edition, Preston, Lancashire, UK the thirteenth edition includes a number of changes and innovations in radiographic technique. The text has been extensively updated, including a new section on evaluating images, The 10-point plan, which is linked throughout to Gail Jefferson Senior Lecturer/Advanced Essential image characteristics for each procedure. The section on digital imaging Practitioner, Department of has been expanded not only to elaborate more extensively on the technology Medical and Sport Sciences, but to demonstrate its various clinical applications. RADIOGRAPHY IN POSITIONING University of Cumbria, New sections also include imaging informatics and its role in the modern world Carlisle, UK of medical imaging, holistic approaches to patient care and discussion of the important aspect of the patient journey. Ken Holmes Radiography Programme Students will also benefit from more detailed reference to positioning errors Leader, Department of Medical and how to avoid mistakes, as well as a greater emphasis on standard radiation and Sport Sciences, University protection measures and guidance on the most recent radiation dose reference of Cumbria, Lancaster, UK levels for specific examinations. Clark’s Positioning in Radiography continues to be the definitive work on Charles Sloane radiographic technique for all students on radiography courses, radiographers in Principal Lecturer, Department practice and trainee radiologists. of Medical and Sport Sciences, CLARK’S University of Cumbria, Lancaster, UK WITH VITALSOURCE® EBOOK Craig Anderson Clinical Tutor and Reporting • Access online or download to your Radiographer, 13th smartphone, tablet or PC/Mac POSITIONING IN X-ray Department, • Search the full text of this and other edition titles you own Furness General Hospital, Anderson, Hoadley Anderson, Sloane, Holmes, Jefferson, Whitley, • Make and share notes and highlights Cumbria, UK • Link through from references to PubMed Graham Hoadley RADIOGRAPHY • Copy and paste text and figures for use Consultant Radiologist, in your own documents Blackpool, Fylde and Wyre • Customize your view by changing font thirteenth edition size and layout Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Blackpool, Lancashire, UK A Stewart Whitley, Gail Jefferson, Ken Holmes, 18093 Charles Sloane, Craig Anderson, and Graham Hoadley ISBN: 978-1-4441-2235-0 6000 Broken Sound Parkway, NW Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487 90000 711 Third Avenue ® an informa business New York, NY 10017 WITH VITALSOURCE 2 Park Square, Milton Park 9 781444 122350 EBOOK www.crcpress.com Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN, UK www.crcpress.com CLARK’S POSITIONING IN RADIOGRAPHY CLARK’S POSITIONING IN RADIOGRAPHY 13TH EDITION A. STEWART WHITLEY ■ GAIL JEFFERSON ■ KEN HOLMES CHARLES SLOANE ■ CRAIG ANDERSON ■ GRAHAM HOADLEY CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300 Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 © 2016 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business No claim to original U.S. Government works Version Date: 20150626 International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-4441-6505-0 (eBook - PDF) This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. While all reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, neither the author[s] nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility or liability for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publishers wish to make clear that any views or opinions expressed in this book by individual editors, authors or contributors are personal to them and do not necessarily reflect the views/opinions of the publishers. The information or guidance contained in this book is intended for use by medical, scientific or health-care professionals and is provided strictly as a supplement to the medical or other professional’s own judgement, their knowledge of the patient’s medical history, relevant manufacturer’s instructions and the appropriate best practice guidelines. Because of the rapid advances in medi- cal science, any information or advice on dosages, procedures or diagnoses should be independently verified. The reader is strongly urged to consult the relevant national drug formulary and the drug companies’ and device or material manufacturers’ printed instructions, and their websites, before administering or utilizing any of the drugs, devices or materials mentioned in this book. This book does not indicate whether a particular treatment is appropriate or suitable for a particular individual. Ultimately it is the sole responsibility of the medical professional to make his or her own professional judgements, so as to advise and treat patients appropriately. The authors and publishers have also attempted to trace the copyright holders of all material reproduced in this publication and apologize to copyright holders if permission to publish in this form has not been obtained. If any copyright material has not been acknowledged please write and let us know so we may rectify in any future reprint. Except as permitted under U.S. Copyright Law, no part of this book may be reprinted, reproduced, transmitted, or utilized in any form by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without written permission from the publishers. For permission to photocopy or use material electronically from this work, please access www.copyright.com (http://www.copyright.com/) or contact the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. (CCC), 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400. CCC is a not-for-profit organization that provides licenses and registration for a variety of users. For organizations that have been granted a photocopy license by the CCC, a separate system of payment has been arranged. Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at http://www.taylorandfrancis.com and the CRC Press Web site at http://www.crcpress.com Dedication This volume is dedicated to the many student radiographers We also wish to acknowledge the professional support and and radiographers in the field of Diagnostic Medical Imaging advice of a huge number of colleagues who have given their whose skills, knowledge and dedication play an important and own time to offer advice and help in the preparation of the pivotal role in modern medicine and ensuring that the patient’s 13th edition. This has truly been a team effort. journey delivers the best outcomes. v Contents Foreword ix Authors and contributors xi Preface xiii Acknowledgements to the 13th edition xv Acknowledgements to previous editions xvii Abbreviations xix 1 Basic principles of radiography and digital technology 1 2 Upper limb 51 3 Shoulder 95 4 Lower limb 123 5 Hips, pelvis and sacro-iliac joints 169 6 Vertebral column 193 7 Thorax and upper airway 227 8 Skull, facial bones and sinuses 265 9 Dental radiography 311 Vivian Rushton 10 Abdomen and pelvic cavity 365 11 Ward radiography 385 12 Theatre radiography 405 13 Paediatric radiography 421 J. Valmai Cook, Kaye Shaw and Alaa Witwit 14 Miscellaneous 495 References/further reading 547 Index 555 vii Foreword Radiography remains at the forefront of diagnosis in health- dental, theatre and paediatric contexts. In addition Chapter 14, care. Competent practitioners are required to justify and Miscellaneous, addresses an array of important current emerg- optimise exposures so that diagnostic yield is maximised and ing contexts including bariatrics, tomosynthesis and forensic examination hazards minimised. There are a number of chal- radiography. The section on trauma radiography is particularly lenges facing educators of such practitioners including rapid impressive. technology developments, changing legal and policy con- It should not be a surprise that this text demonstrates excel- texts, increased variety of student types and greater patient lence. Alfred Stewart Whitley FCR, HDCR, TDCR has been reservations around radiation exposures. This text provides the driving force behind the work as well as being responsible a wonderful core text that considers all these challenges, and for a number of the sections. His involvement and leadership will continue to be an excellent reference text for qualified in radiography over five decades are evident throughout this personnel. project and his achievements with, and contributions to, our The approach used by the authors is comprehensive, current profession are an inspiration for all of us. It is clear that the and easy to follow. The chapters for the specific body areas revision process has been lengthy with significant contributions are presented extremely logically, each kicking off with a sum- from a dedicated team based at the University of Cumbria, and mary of the basic projections, followed by anatomic considera- a range of other individuals including Dr. Graham Hoadley and tions, which in turn is followed by a detailed treatment of the paediatric and dental experts,
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